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Lista de conceptos erróneos comunes

Cada entrada de esta lista de conceptos erróneos comunes está redactada como una corrección; los conceptos erróneos en sí mismos están implícitos, no expresados. Estas entradas son resúmenes concisos; se pueden consultar los artículos principales para obtener más detalles.

Los conceptos erróneos comunes son puntos de vista o hechos que a menudo se aceptan como ciertos, pero que en realidad son falsos. Por lo general, surgen de la sabiduría convencional (como los cuentos de viejas ), estereotipos , supersticiones , falacias , una mala comprensión de la ciencia o la popularización de la pseudociencia . Algunos conceptos erróneos comunes también se consideran leyendas urbanas y, a veces, están relacionados con pánicos morales .

Artes y cultura

Negocio

Una fotografía de Adolf Dassler , el homónimo de Adidas ( c.  1915 )

Comida y cocina

Historia de la comida y la bebida

Las galletas de la suerte están asociadas con la cocina china , pero en realidad se originaron en Japón y casi nunca se comen en China, donde se las considera estadounidenses.

Hornos microondas

Cine y televisión

Idioma

idioma en Inglés

"Xmas", junto con un Papá Noel moderno, utilizado en una postal navideña (1910)

Derecho, crimen y ejército

Las tasas de delitos violentos en Estados Unidos disminuyeron significativamente entre 1991 y 2022.

Estados Unidos

Tasas de arrestos en Texas entre 2012 y 2018

Literatura

Bellas artes

Música

Música clásica

Religión

Budismo

cristianismo

No existe ninguna evidencia bíblica o histórica que respalde que María Magdalena haya sido prostituta. [216] [217]

islam

judaísmo

La fruta del Jardín del Edén , que a menudo se muestra como una manzana en el arte, no se nombra en el Génesis . [244]

Deportes

Marcos Torregrosa luciendo el cinturón negro de BJJ con una barra roja que indica el primer grado

Juegos de vídeo

Historia

Antiguo

Los antiguos romanos no utilizaban el saludo romano, como se representa en el cuadro El juramento de los Horacios (1784).
Un vomitorio en un anfiteatro romano de Toulouse

Edad media

Representación medieval de una Tierra esférica

Edad moderna temprana

Retrato de María Antonieta
La frase " que coman pastel " se suele atribuir erróneamente a María Antonieta .
Las dentaduras postizas de George Washington en exhibición en Mount Vernon .

Moderno

Napoleón en el Belerofonte, de Charles Lock Eastlake . Napoleón era más alto de lo que sugiere su apodo, el Pequeño Caporal .
Albert Einstein , fotografiado a los 14 años, no reprobó matemáticas en la escuela.

Estados Unidos

La bandera que supuestamente diseñó Betsy Ross
Las zonas cubiertas por la Proclamación de Emancipación están en rojo, las zonas de tenencia de esclavos que no están cubiertas están en azul. La Decimotercera Enmienda fue el artículo que abolió la esclavitud legal en todo Estados Unidos, no la Proclamación de Emancipación.

Ciencia, tecnología y matemáticas

Astronomía y vuelos espaciales

El lado oscuro de la Luna , fotografiado por el Apolo 16 en 1972, claramente iluminado por el Sol. Está mucho más plagado de cráteres que el lado visible de la Luna .
El ecuador de la Tierra no se alinea con el plano de la órbita de la Tierra , lo que significa que durante la mitad del año el hemisferio norte está inclinado más hacia el Sol y durante la otra mitad del año el hemisferio norte está inclinado más lejos del Sol. Esta es la causa dominante de la variación estacional de la temperatura, no la distancia de la Tierra al Sol en su órbita .
Imagen satelital de una sección de la Gran Muralla China , que se extiende en diagonal desde la esquina inferior izquierda hasta la esquina superior derecha (no debe confundirse con el río mucho más prominente que se extiende desde la esquina superior izquierda hasta la esquina inferior derecha). La región fotografiada tiene una superficie de 12 por 12 kilómetros (7,5 mi × 7,5 mi).

Biología

Mamíferos

El color de una capa roja no enfurece a un toro.

Pájaros

Otros vertebrados

Invertebrados

Una mantis china hembra copulando con su pareja y canibalizándose simultáneamente ; esto no ocurre cada vez que las mantis se aparean.
Bombus pratorum sobre una inflorescencia de Echinacea ; un error muy extendido sostiene que los abejorros deberían ser incapaces de volar .

Plantas

Girasoles con el sol claramente visible detrás de ellos.

Evolución y paleontología

Pelagornis . Los dinosaurios no aviares se extinguieron en la extinción masiva del Cretácico-Paleógeno , pero algunos dinosaurios terópodos sobrevivieron hasta nuestros días.
A pesar de las representaciones culturales , los plesiosaurios no eran dinosaurios , ni tampoco los plesiosaurios ni los dinosaurios no aviares coexistieron con los humanos .
Dimetrodon , el icónico sinápsido con dorso en forma de vela , no era un dinosaurio ni vivió al mismo tiempo que los dinosaurios.
Aegyptopithecus , un mono prehistórico anterior a la división entre simios y otros monos del Viejo Mundo durante el curso de la evolución humana . Aegyptopithecus también es posterior a la división de los monos del Viejo y Nuevo Mundo , lo que lo hace más estrechamente relacionado con los humanos que con todos los monos del Nuevo Mundo. [558]

Química y ciencia de los materiales

La informática y la Internet

Ciencias económicas

Población total que vive en extrema pobreza, por región del mundo, 1987 a 2015 [592]

Ciencias de la tierra y del medio ambiente

Reconstrucción de la temperatura superficial global durante los últimos 2000 años utilizando datos indirectos de anillos de árboles, corales y núcleos de hielo en azul. [607] Los datos observados directamente están en rojo. [608]
El agotamiento de la capa de ozono no es una causa del calentamiento global .
Torres de refrigeración de las centrales eléctricas de Cottam, en Inglaterra , que ya no funcionan . Los gases que expulsan las torres son vapores de agua inofensivos procedentes del proceso de refrigeración.

Geografía

Mapa del Cabo de Buena Esperanza y el Cabo de las Agujas , el punto más meridional de África

El cuerpo humano y la salud

Un concepto erróneo muy extendido en Corea del Sur es que dejar ventiladores eléctricos encendidos mientras se duerme puede ser fatal .

Enfermedades y atención sanitaria preventiva

Las protuberancias de un sapo no son verrugas y no pueden causar verrugas en los humanos.

Nutrición, comida y bebida

Bebidas alcohólicas

Sexualidad y reproducción

Piel y cabello

Invenciones

Matemáticas

Busto de mármol de un hombre con barba larga y puntiaguda, que lleva una taenia, una especie de tocado griego antiguo que en este caso se parece a un turbante. El rostro es algo demacrado y tiene cejas prominentes, pero finas, que parecen medio fijadas en una mueca. Las puntas de su bigote son largas y forman un sendero que se extiende hasta la mitad de la longitud de su barba, aproximadamente hasta donde estaría la parte inferior de su barbilla si pudiéramos verla. No se ve ningún pelo de su cabeza, ya que está completamente cubierto por la taenia.
Busto de Pitágoras en los Museos Capitolinos , Roma . [805] Los historiadores clásicos discuten si alguna vez hizo algún descubrimiento matemático. [806] [807]

Física

Una ilustración de la explicación (incorrecta) del tiempo de tránsito igual de la sustentación del perfil aerodinámico

Psicología y neurociencia

Trastornos mentales

Cerebro

Neuronas teñidas con Golgi en tejido hipocampal humano . Se cree comúnmente que los seres humanos no generan nuevas células cerebrales, pero las investigaciones han demostrado que algunas neuronas pueden reformarse en los seres humanos.

Sentido

Mapa incorrecto de la lengua que muestra las zonas que tienen el sabor amargo (1), ácido (2), salado (3) y dulce (4). En realidad, todas las zonas pueden percibir todos los sabores, y también existe el sabor umami (no se muestra en la imagen).

Toxicología

Transporte

Véase también

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Sources

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