2300–1500 BC – Possible community on Chiswick Eyot in the Thames.
1500 BC – A Bronze Age bridge exists from the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge either crosses the Thames, or goes to a subsequently lost island in the river.[3]
300–1 BC – An Iron Ageoppidum in Woolwich, which is possibly London's first port, in the late-Roman period reused as a fort.[4]
Early history to the 10th century
47 AD – Original settlement of Londinium founded by the Romans.[5][6]
50
The original London bridge is constructed out of wood.
57 – 8 January: The earliest known handwritten document in the UK is created in London, a financial record in one of the Roman 'Bloomberg tablets' found during 2010–13 on the site of Londinium. Another dated to 65/70-80 AD gives the earliest known written record of the name of Londinium.[7]
60 or 61 – Londinium is sacked by forces of Boudica.[8]
122 – Construction of a forum in Londinium is completed;[9] Emperor Hadrian visits. There is a major fire in the city at about this time.
15 August: Ranulf Flambard, Bishop of Durham, becomes the first person imprisoned in the Tower of London, by the new king for supposed embezzlement.[19] On 3 February 1101, he becomes the first person to escape from the Tower.
1196 – In the Spring, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbert, who is hanged after being smoked out of his refuge in the tower of St Mary-le-Bow.
1199 - King John reinforces the city's self-government.
1212 – 10 July: The Great Fire of 1212 takes place in Southwark and in houses on London Bridge, with fatalities; thatched roofs are prohibited in the City as a consequence.[27]
1215
17 May: Rebellious barons occupy London.[23]
15 June: Magna Carta provides that "The City of London shall have all the old Liberties and Customs which it hath been used to have."
From this year, the city can elect a different mayor every year.
1222 – 15 July: Rioting after London defeats Westminster in an annual wrestling contest; the ring-leaders are hanged or mutilated in punishment.[9]
1232 – The Domus Conversorum ("House of the Converts"), a building and institution in London for Jewish converts to Christianity, is established by Henry III.[28]
1234 – 2 December: A royal decree prohibits institutes of legal education within the City.[29]
1235 – Famine in England; 20,000 people die in London.[30]
1236 – Many people are killed in floods in Woolwich.[4]
1255 – An elephant joins the royal menageries at the Tower of London.
1257
c. September: 1257 Samalas eruption: A volcano erupts on Lombok Island in Indonesia, and the resultant climatic changes combine with a second successive poor grain harvest this summer in Britain to produce famine. This kills an estimated 17,000 people in Britain, of which 15,000 deaths are in London.[32][33]
The Brothers of Penitence (Fratres Saccati, 'Brothers of the Sack') first settle in England, in London.[34]
15 June: Peasants' Revolt: During further negotiations, Wat Tyler is stabbed to death by William Walworth, Lord Mayor of London in the King's entourage. Noble forces subsequently overpower the rebel army, the rebel leaders are captured and executed, and Richard revokes his concessions.[43]
1397 – 6 June: Richard Whittington is nominated as mayor[17] for the first of four terms. He arranges for the City to buy back its liberties from the Crown.
1400 – During Lent, children give battle in London.[44]
1475 – Construction of the new hall of Eltham Palace begins.[9]
1476 – September/December: William Caxtonsets up the first printing press in England, in Westminster,[53] where he produces his first full-length book on 18 November 1477.
13 June: Henry Grace à Dieu is built at the new Woolwich Dockyard and is dedicated in Erith. At over 1,000 tons, she is the largest warship in the world at this time.[9][55][56]
18 January: The Worshipful Company of Clothworkers is incorporated by royal charter, merging the Fullers' and Shearmens' Companies and taking over the latter's hall.
Late May: The 4th major outbreak of the sweating sickness appears in London.[9]
6 July: King Edward VI dies aged 15 at the Palace of Placentia (Greenwich),[48] having nominated Lady Jane Grey as his successor (without her knowledge).[9]
9 July: Lady Jane Grey is summoned by Northumberland to Sion House and informed for the first time that she is to be queen.
10 July: Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England by the Privy Council and the proclamation is set into print.[23]
19 July: The Privy Council and Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London, proclaim the Catholic Queen Mary as the rightful Queen – Lady Jane Grey is imprisoned within the Tower after using the title of queen for nine days.[9]
30 July: Mary is greeted at Wanstead on the approach to London by her half-sister Elizabeth, who has ridden out from her new London residence, Somerset House.[61]
3 August: Mary rides triumphantly into London to claim the throne, accompanied by Elizabeth.[9][62]
12 February: After claiming the throne of England the previous year, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason as is her husband – he publicly on Tower Hill and she privately within the Tower of London, where she has remained since the proclamation.[48] On 17 March Princess Elizabeth is briefly imprisoned in the Tower, suspected of involvement in Wyatt's rebellion.[23]
4 June: The spire of the Old St Paul's Cathedral catches fire and crashes through the nave roof, probably as the result of a lightning strike. The spire is not rebuilt.[21][23]
1567 – John Brayne builds the Red Lion theatre just east of the City of London, which is a playhouse for touring productions and the first known to be purpose-built in the British Isles since Roman times. However, there is little evidence that the theatre survives beyond this summer's season.[68][69]
1569 – Gray's Inn is recorded as a corporate body.
1570
The Whitechapel Bell Foundry is known to be in existence. By the time its 18th-century premises closes in May 2017, it will be the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.[70]
1583 – The Bunch Of Grapes pub is built on Narrow Street in Limehouse.[75] Referred to by Charles Dickens in Our Mutual Friend as "The Six Jolly Fellowship Porters", it still stands in the 21st century, much rebuilt and renamed 'The Grapes'.
1592 – August: The 1592–1593 London plague outbreak is first observed, and there are at least 19,000 deaths up to December 1593;[9] theatres are consequently closed for much of the period.[23]
5 May: "Dutch church libel": bills posted in London threatening Protestant refugees from France and the Netherlands allude to Christopher Marlowe's plays. On 30 May, Marlowe is stabbed to death in a dispute over the bill at a lodging house in Deptford.[23]
February: James Burbage buys the disused Blackfriars Theatre from Sir William More for £600 but is prevented from reusing it as a public theatre by a November petition by wealthy influential neighbors.[23]
c. April: Outbreak of bubonic plague epidemic in which between 29,000 and 40,000 people die.[79][80][81][82]
28 April: The funeral of Elizabeth I takes place in Westminster Abbey.
7 May: Crowds welcome James's arrival in London for his coronation as king of England in Westminster Abbey on 25 July.[48] He subsequently orders the creation of St. James's Park.
1604 – 15 March: The Royal Entry of King James into London takes place.[83]
1605
5 November: Gunpowder Plot: A plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament and the King is foiled when the Catholic plotter Guy Fawkes is found in a cellar below the Parliament with 36 barrels of gunpowder following an anonymous tip-off.[23] On 30 January 1606, 4 of the conspirators are hanged, drawn and quartered for treason outside St Paul's, and the following day Fawkes and the remainder are executed in the same manner in Old Palace Yard, Westminster.
The Anchor Brewery is established by James Monger next to the Globe Theatre in Southwark. It will be the world's largest by the early 19th century and brew until the 1970s.[86]
23 May: Nathaniel Butter begins publication of Newes from Most Parts of Christendom or Weekley Newes from Italy, Germany, Hungaria, Bohemia, the Palatinate, France and the Low Countries.[88]
26 October: "Fatal Vespers": 95 people are killed when an upper floor of the French ambassador's house in Blackfriars collapses under the weight of a congregation attending a Catholic mass.[90]
Between 8 November and 5 December: Publication of the "First Folio" (Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies), a posthumous collection of 36 of Shakespeare's plays, half of which have not previously been printed, by Isaac Jaggard and Edward Blount in the Jaggard printshop "at the sign of the Half-Eagle and Key in Barbican".[91]
December: The Holland's Leaguer, a notorious brothel in Southwark which has been ordered to close, is besieged for a month before this can be carried out.
13 February: Fire engines are used for the first time in England to control and extinguish a fire that breaks out on London Bridge, but not before 43 houses are destroyed.[93]
4 January: Charles I attempts to arrest 5 leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape.[95] This is the last time any monarch will enter the House of Commons.
13 November: Battle of Turnham Green (First English Civil War): Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.[95]
11 September: The Levellers' largest petition, "To The Right Honourable The Commons Of England" (The humble Petition of Thousands well-affected persons inhabiting the City of London, Westminster, the Borough of Sonthwark Hamblets, and places adjacent), is presented to the Long Parliament after amassing signatories including about a third of all Londoners (including women).[96]
May: First performance of The Siege of Rhodes, Part I, by Sir William Davenant takes place, making it the first Englishopera (under the guise of a recitative), in a private theatre at his home, Rutland House, in the City. This also includes the innovative use of painted backdrops and the appearance of England's first professional actress, Mrs. Coleman.
England's first chocolate house opens in London,[103] together with the Rainbow Coffee House, the city's second such establishment; while tobacconist and coffee house owner Thomas Garway in Exchange Alley is the first person to introduce tea in England.[104][105]
29 May: Charles II arrives in London via Deptford and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration. He subsequently orders the remodelling of St. James's Park in the French style.[9]
September: Pall Mall is laid out as a thoroughfare in Westminster.
The diarist John Evelyn publishes his pamphlet Fumifugium, or, The inconveniencie of the aer and smoak of London dissipated together with some remedies humbly proposed by J.E. Esq. to His Sacred Majestie, making it the earliest discussion of the city's air pollution.[21]
March: 15-year-old Nell Gwyn makes her first definitely recorded appearance as an actress on the London stage, having previously been a theatre orange-seller.
12 April: The first recorded victim of the Great Plague of London dies.[24] On 7 July the King and court leave London to avoid the plague, moving first to Salisbury, then to Oxford from 25 September to 1 February 1666, where in October Parliament convenes. The City begins use of Bunhill Fields as a burial ground for the victims. By the time the plague ends, over 70,000 people have died.
1666 – 2–5 September: Great Fire of London: A large fire which breaks out in the City in the house of baker Thomas Farriner on Pudding Lane destroys more than 13,000 buildings, including the Old St Paul's Cathedral, but only 6 people are known to have died. It then takes over 10 years to rebuild the City.[24]
1667
8 February: The first part of the Rebuilding of London Act 1666, following last year's Great Fire of London, goes into effect as royal assent is given to the Fire of London Disputes Act 1666, which establishes the Fire Court.[114] The Court, sitting at Clifford's Inn near Fleet Street, hears cases starting on February 27 and continuing until the end of 1668.[115] The London Building Act enforces fireproof construction in the reconstruction of the City.[27]
Hedges & Butler is established as wine merchants.[66]
The second Rebuilding Act is passed to raise the tax on coal to provide funds for rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral and other City churches destroyed in the Great Fire.
The Fulham Pottery is established by John Dwight, making it the earliest certainly known native stoneware manufacturer in England; it will survive until the second half of the 20th century.[122]
19 December: St Bride's Church, rebuilt to a design by Wren, reopens.[125]
December: Charles II issues a "Proclamation for the suppression of Coffee Houses" due to the political activity which is occurring in the newly popular establishments,[126] but it is quickly rescinded.
17 November: An effigy of the Pope is burned after a large procession through the streets of London.
27 November: The Duke of Monmouth enters London amid scenes of widespread celebration, having subdued the Scottish Covenanters.
18 December: Rose Alley ambuscade: The writer John Dryden is set upon by 3 assailants, who are thought to have been instigated by the Earl of Rochester in a literary dispute.[129]
12 December: The River Thames frost fair begins, and lasts for several months.[17] The Chipperfield's Circus dynasty begins when James Chipperfield introduces performing animals to England at the fair in 1684.
29 September: Edward Hemming establishes the first organised street lighting in London, with oil lamps to be lit outside every 10th house on moonless winter nights.[9]
March: London, Quo Warranto Judgment Reversed Act 1689 ("An Act for Reversing the Judgment in a Quo Warranto against the City of London and for Restoreing the City of London to its antient Rights and Privileges") passed by Parliament.[138]
11 November: Henry Sacheverell preaches an incendiary sermon The Perils of False Brethren at St Paul's Cathedral, which leads to his impeachment by Parliament.
13 January: A major fire originating in an explosion in Thames Street destroys more than 100 houses and severely damages the Custom House, which requires its complete rebuilding, before being contained in Tower Street.[93]
3 May: A total solar eclipse is the last total eclipse visible in London for almost 900 years.
Thomas Fairchild, a nurseryman at Hoxton in the East End, becomes the first person to produce a successful scientific plant hybrid, Dianthus Caryophyllus barbatus, which is also known as the "Fairchild's Mule".[153]
2 March: A night watchman finds a severed head by the Thames; it is later recognized to be that of the husband, murdered the previous day, of Catherine Hayes.[159]
24 May: Jonathan Wild, fraudulent "Thief Taker General", is hanged at Tyburn for actually aiding criminals.[160]
28 April: A fire at White's Chocolate House, near St. James's Palace, destroys the historic club and the paintings therein, but is kept from spreading by the fast response of firemen.[93]
21 June: The Theatrical Licensing Act is passed, introducing censorship to the London stage, so plays now require approval before production. The "legitimate drama" is limited to the theatres at Drury Lane, Covent Garden and the Haymarket, and Edward Capell is appointed as the deputy-inspector of plays.
17 October: The Foundling Hospital, established by Thomas Coram, is granted its royal charter.[41] On 25 March 1741, the first children are admitted to its temporary premises in Hatton Garden.
Thomas Witherby establishes his stationery business in London, specializing in printing and publishing for the marine insurance industry. By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, it will claim to be the oldest independent publisher in the English speaking world as the Witherby Publishing Group.
6 December ("Black Friday"): Jacobite rising: Panic in London over the news that Jacobite forces from Scotland have reached as far south as Derby 2 days previously.[23]
29 January: After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning returns to her mother's home in London and claims that she was abducted; the following criminal trial causes uproar.
7 June: The British Museum is established by Act of Parliament.[24]
7 June: The Gordon Riots are ended by the intervention of troops. About 285 people are shot dead, with another 200 wounded and around 450 arrested,[53] of whom around 25 will be executed.
21 June: First woman to be burnt at the stake at Newgate Prison (as distinct from Tyburn or Smithfield), Phoebe Harris for coin counterfeiting. She is led to the stake past the hanged bodies of her accomplices but is allowed to be strangled before the flames are lit.[190]
Construction of houses on the edge of Blackheath designed by Michael Searles, begins with The Paragon (a crescent), South Row and Montpelier Row; they will be completed in 1805.[133]
1 February: Protests over the price of bread culminate in Queen Charlotte being hit by a stone as she and George III return from a trip to the theatre.[9]
December: The coldest day in London is recorded, reaching −21.1 °C (−6 °F) in Greenwich.
^ a b"Heathrow's archaeology, including Stanwell Cursus is finally announced". The Megalithic Portal. 2 November 2003. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
^"London's Oldest Foreshore Structure!".
^"First 'London Bridge' in River Thames at Vauxhall". British Archaeology (46). July 1999. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
^Hingley, Richard (9 August 2018). Londinium : a biography : Roman London from its origins to the fifth century. London. pp. 27–32. ISBN 978-1-350-04730-3. OCLC 1042078915.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Hill, Julian. and Rowsome, Peter (2011). Roman London and the Walbrook stream crossing : excavations at 1 Poultry and vicinity, City of London. Rowsome, Peter., Museum of London Archaeology. London: Museum of London Archaeology. pp. 251–62. ISBN 978-1-907586-04-0. OCLC 778916833.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"UK's oldest hand-written document 'at Roman London dig'". BBC News. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
^ a b cAckroyd 2001.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bjPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^"Timeline". British History. BBC.
^ a bLetters, Samantha (2005), "Middlesex", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History.
^"London". Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam Co. 1960. p. 627. OL 5812502M.
^Hill, Paul (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great. Yardley, PA: Westholme. pp. 124–5. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
^Sturluson, Snorri (c. 1230), Heimskringla. Although attested in Skaldic poetry, there is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
^ a b c dBrown, Matt (28 April 2023). "A Brief History of Westminster Abbey". Londonist. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
^ a b c d e fCook 1921.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t"City Timeline". City of London. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^ a bRichardson 2000.
^ a bExperience the Tower of London. Hampton Court: Historic Royal Palaces. 2007. ISBN 978-1-873993-01-9.
^ a bAdamson, Melitta Weiss (2004). "Timeline". Food in Medieval Times. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32147-4.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r sWeinreb 2008.
^ a b c dPhillips, Geoffrey (1981). Thames Crossings: Bridges, Tunnels and Ferries. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8202-0.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al amWilliams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
^ a b c d e f g hHaydn 1910, pp. 839–848.
^Inwood, Stephen (1998). A History of London. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-67153-8.
^ a bVincent, Benjamin (1910). Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.). London: Ward, Lock & Co.
^ a b cManco, Jean (26 June 2009). "History of Building Regulations". Researching Historic Buildings in the British Isles. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
^Page, William, ed. (1909). "Hospitals: Domus conversorum". A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark. London. pp. 551–4. Retrieved 21 March 2023 – via British History Online.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Douthwaite, William Ralph (1886). Gray's Inn, Its History & Associations. Reeves and Turner. OCLC 2578698.
^Walford, Cornelius (1878). "The Famines of the World". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 41: 433.
^ a b c dCunningham 1850.
^Amos, Jonathan (30 September 2013). "Mystery 13th Century eruption traced to Lombok, Indonesia". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
^Alberge, Dalya (4 August 2012). "Mass grave in London reveals how volcano caused global catastrophe". The Guardian. London.
^Hunter-Blair, Oswald. "Boni Homines." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
^Fogle, Lauren (2019). The King's Converts. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. p. 40. ISBN 9781498589215.
^Mundill, Robin R. (2010). The King's Jews. London: Continuum. pp. 89–91. ISBN 9781847251862. LCCN 2010282921. OCLC 466343661. OL 24816680M.
^Jacobs, Joseph (1906). "England". Jewish Encyclopedia. JewishEncyclopedia.com.
^"Stocks Market". Map of Early Modern London. University of Victoria. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
^Ravenhill, Mark (28 November 2006). "Confessions of a panto-lover". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
^ a b"Landscape History". Greenwich Park. The Royal Parks. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
^"History". Westminster: The Red Lion. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u vPenguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
^ a b"Middle Ages". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^ a bBennett, Vanora. "London and the Wars of the Roses". Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
^ a b cAllen 1839.
^"Whittington Hospital". Living in Archway. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
^ a b c d eWilson 2004.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o pGodfrey 1911.
^Paine, Lincoln P. (1997). Ships of the World: an Historical Encyclopedia. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-85177-739-2.
^Henry Grace à Dieu.
^"Hampton Court Palace timeline". Hampton Court Palace. Historic Royal Palaces. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
^ a b c"Tudors". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^Myles Coverdale's 1535 text, based on Tyndale's. Daniell, David (2003). The Bible in English: history and influence. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. p. 180. ISBN 0-300-09930-4.
^Loades, David (1996). John Dudley Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-820193-1.
^Ridgway, Claire (30 July 2018). "30 July 1553 – Elizabeth rides to greet Mary". The Tudor Society. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
^Waller, Maureen (2006). Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 57–9. ISBN 0-312-33801-5. OL 9516816M.
^ a bRoth, Mitchel P. (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
^ a b cBriggs, Asa; Burke, Peter (2009). "Chronology". Social History of the Media (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-4495-0.
^ a bDu Fresnoy, Lenglet [in French] (1801). Chronological Tablets: Exhibiting Every Remarkable Occurrence from the Creation of the World. London: Vernor & Hood. Chiefly abridged from the French.
^ a b c d e fButton, Henry G. (1976). The Guinness Book of the Business World. Enfield: Guinness Superlatives. p. 107. ISBN 0-900424-32-X.
^New Tablet of Memory, Shewing Every Memorable Event in History. London: John Bumpus. 1811.
^Bowsher, Julian; Miller, Pat (2010). The Rose and the Globe — Playhouses of Shakespeare's Bankside, Southwark. Museum of London. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-901992-85-4.
^Phillpotts, Christopher, Red Lion Theatre, Whitechapel (PDF), CrossRail Documentary Report, Museum of London Archaeology Service, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011, retrieved 21 March 2011
^"500 Years of History". Whitechapel Bell Foundry. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
^"The Charter". Barnet: Queen Elizabeth's SChool. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
^ a b c dLaws, Amanda (2003). Understanding Small Period Houses. Ramsbury: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-86126-600-2.
^"The Grapes Narrow Street". The London Charles Dickens Knew. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^Van Dixhoorn, Arjan; Sutch, Susie Speakman, eds. (2008). The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16955-5.
^ a bBaker 1904.
^Stott, Andrew (2005). Comedy. London: Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 9780415299336.
^Dekker, Thomas. The Wonderfull Yeare 1603, wherein is shewed the picture of London lying sicke of the plague.
^Lee, Christopher (2014). 1613: The Death of Queen Elizabeth I, the Return of the Black Plague, the Rise of Shakespeare, Piracy, Witchcraft, and the Birth of the Stuart Era. St Martin's Press. ISBN 9781466864504.
^"Worst Diseases in Shakespeare's London". Retrieved 15 May 2021.
^Bell, Walter George (1951). Hollyer, Belinda (ed.). The Great Plague in London. Folio Society. pp. 3–5.
^The Magnificent Entertainment: Giuen to King Iames, Queene Anne his wife, and Henry Frederick the Prince, vpon the day of his Maiesties Triumphant Passage (from the Tower) through his Honourable Citie (and Chamber) of London being the 15. of March. 1603 [modern reckoning: 1604]. London: Tho. Man. 1604. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
^"Heritage". Eltham: Royal Blackheath Golf Club. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
^Temple, Philip, ed. (2008). "Hicks' Hall (demolished)". Survey of London: South and East Clerkenwell. Survey of London. Vol. 46. London: Yale University Press. pp. 206–209 (206). ISBN 9780300137279.
^Lesley Richmond; Alison Turton (1990). The Brewing Industry: A Guide to Historical Records. Manchester University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-7190-3032-1.
^Homer, Trevor (2006). The Book of Origins. London: Portrait. pp. 283–4. ISBN 0-7499-5110-9.
^ a b c d e f gAnzovin, Steven; Podell, Janet, eds. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
^ a b c dWalford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great". The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance. C. and E. Layton.
^Wooding, Barbara (2013). John Lowin and the English Theatre, 1603–1647: Acting and Cultural Politics on the Jacobean and Caroline Stage. Ashgate Publishing. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-4724-0687-3.
^ a b cBritish Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60
^"Leveller petition 1648". Retrieved 25 July 2016.
^Munsell, Joel (1858). The Every Day Book of History and Chronology. D. Appleton & Co.
^"BBC London, Features, Tower Street". Archived from the original on 25 February 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
^"Civil War and Revolution". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^Napier, Gordon (15 July 2017). Maleficium: Witchcraft and Witch Hunting in the West. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-6511-5.
^"1657". British Civil Wars. Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60. 7 June 2010. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
^"Sephardi Velho (Old) Cemetery". London Gardens Online. London Parks & Gardens Trust. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^"Chocolate Arrives in England". Cadbury. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
^Ukers, William H. (1935). All About Tea. Vol. I. New York: The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal. p. 38.
^Mair, Victor H.; Hoh, Erling (2009). The True History of Tea. London; New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-500-25146-1.
^"The Great Fire of London". Museum of London. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
^The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
^Howe, Elizabeth (1992). The First English Actresses: Women and Drama, 1660–1700. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
^Gilder, Rosamond (1931). Enter the Actress: The First Women in the Theatre. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 166.
^"Coronation of Charles II. (London: 1661)". Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books. British Library. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
^Wynne, S. M. (2004). "Catherine (1638–1705)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4894. Retrieved 4 June 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Sheppard, F. H. W. (1960). "St. James's Square: General". Survey of London: Volumes 29 and 30, St James Westminster, Part 1. Retrieved 14 July 2024 – via British History Online.
^ a b c dDonohue, Joseph, ed. (2004). "Chronology". Cambridge History of British Theatre. Vol. 2: 1660 to 1895. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65068-7.
^Rideal, Rebecca (2016). 1666: Plague, War and Hellfire. John Murray Press.
^Field, Jacob F. (2017). London, Londoners and the Great Fire of 1666: Disaster and Recovery. Taylor & Francis.
^ a b c dEverett, Jason M., ed. (2006). The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
^Fantel, Hans (1974). William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. New York: William Morrow & Co. pp. 117–24. ISBN 0-688-00310-9.
^ a b cRose, Stephen (2005). "Chronology". In Carter, Tim; Butt, John (eds.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
^Dobbs, Brian (1972). Drury Lane: Three Centuries of the Theatre Royal, 1663–1971. London: Cassell. p. 51.
^Hutchings, Victoria (2005). Messrs Hoare, Bankers: a History of the Hoare Banking Dynasty.
^Bergesen, Victoria (1992). Bergesen's Price Guide: British Ceramics. London: Barrie & Jenkins. p. 71. ISBN 0712653821.
^ a b c d eElmes 1831.
^"Edward V". History of the Monarchy. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2007.
^ a bCobb, Gerald (1942). The Old Churches of London. London: Batsford.
^"The rise and fall of English coffee houses". Archived from the original on 25 March 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
^O’Connell, Tyne. "The life of Mary Davies 1665-1730, Founder of Mayfair". Mayfair Eccentrics. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
^Sutherland, John; Fender, Stephen (2011). "18 December – Dryden mugged". Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature. London: Icon Books. pp. 479–80. ISBN 978-184831-247-0.
^ a bGordon, Ian; Inglis, Simon (2009). Great Lengths: the historic indoor swimming pools of Britain. Swindon: English Heritage. ISBN 978-1-90562-452-2.
^"Inscriptions". The Monument. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
^"Blessed Oliver Plunket". Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
^ a b c d e f gLondon Suburbs. London: Merrell Holberton. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85894-077-9.
^Bradley, Simon; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1998). London: the City Churches. The Buildings of England. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071100-7.
^White, Bryan (2009). "Letter from Aleppo: dating the Chelsea School performance of Dido and Aeneas". Early Music. 37 (3): 417–428. doi:10.1093/em/cap041.
^Claydon, Tony (2004). "William III and II (1650–1702)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29450. Retrieved 16 July 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^"A new palace". Hampton Court Palace. Historic Royal Palaces. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
^Noorthouck, John (1773). "Chapter 17: From the Revolution to the death of William III". A New History of London Including Westminster and Southwark. Vol. 1. London: R. Baldwin. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
^"Greenwich Hospital History". Greenwich Hospital. 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
^Jones, Richard (2004). Walking Dickensian London. New Holland Publishers. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-84330-483-8.
^"January 28th". Chambers' Book of Days. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
^"Berry Bros. & Rudd History - Key Dates". Berry Bros. & Rudd. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
^"William III, 1698: An Act for making Billingsgate a Free Market for Sale of Fish, Chapter XIII. Rot. Parl. 10 Gul. III. p.3. n.4.]", Statutes of the Realm. Volume 7: 1695–1701, pp. 513–14, 1820, retrieved 15 June 2016
^ a b cSmith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage – London and the Thames Valley. London: Thomas Telford. ISBN 978-07277-2876-0.
^ a bTimbs 1866.
^"Past Chief Rabbis". Office of the Chief Rabbi. 2009. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
^Beattie, J. M. (2001). Policing and Punishment in London in 1660–1750. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820867-7.
^"Stamps celebrate St Paul's with Wren epitaph". Evening Standard. London. 13 May 2008. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
^Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved 6 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Campbell, James W. P. (2007). Building St Paul's. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-500-34244-2.
^Rumbold, Valerie (2009). "Scriblerus Club (act. 1714)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71160. Retrieved 4 February 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Blomfield, David (2014). St Anne's, Kew. RJL Smith and Associates. p. 2.
^The Gentle Author (2 July 2011). "Thomas Fairchild, Gardener of Hoxton". Spitalfields Life. Retrieved 16 November 2015. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^Rudé 1971.
^Schwarz 2000.
^"History of Guy's & St Thomas' Foundation". Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
^Lea, Richard (2011). "Ranger's House, Blackheath". English Heritage Historical Review. 6: 50–79. doi:10.1179/1752016912Z.0000000005.
^"Royal Charters, Privy Council website". Archived from the original on 24 August 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
^Bentley, G. E. Jr. (March 2009). "Blake's Murderesses: Visionary Heads of Wickedness". Huntington Library Quarterly. 72 (1). University of California Press: 69–105. doi:10.1525/hlq.2009.72.1.69. JSTOR 10.1525/hlq.2009.72.1.69. At Catherine's urging, "Billings went into the room with a hatchet, with which he struck Hayes so violently that he fractured his skull" but did not kill him. Wood, "taking the hatchet out of Billings's hand, gave the poor man two more blows, which effectually dispatched him." They were then faced with the problem of how to dispose of the body.
^"Icons, a portrait of England 1700–1750". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
^Linnane, Fergus (2004). London's Underworld: Three Centuries of Vice and Crime. London: Robson. ISBN 1861057423.
^"The Story of St Martin-in-the-Fields". St Martin-in-the-Fields. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
^Sheppard, F. H. W. (1998). London: a history. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822922-4.
^ a b cBrake, Laurel; Demoor, Marysa, eds. (2009). "Chronology". Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland. Academia Press. ISBN 978-90-382-1340-8.
^Conlin 2013.
^"Royal Military Academy, Woolwich". Royal Engineers Museum. Archived from the original on 10 August 2006. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
^"Wiltons, Since 1742 – History". London: Wiltons. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
^ a b"Historical Earthquakes Listing". Archived from the original on 8 May 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
^Nicholson 1998.
^"Icons, a portrait of England 1750–1800". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
^"History". London: Simpson's Tavern. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
^Harris, John; de Bellaigue, Geoffrey; Millar, Oliver (1968). Buckingham Palace. London: Nelson. p. 24. ISBN 0-17-141011-4.
^Latham, Mark (2010). "The death of London's 'living bridge'". The London Journal. 35 (2): 164–84. doi:10.1179/174963210x12729493038379. S2CID 144163241.
^"Mozart in London". thewordtravels.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
^Townsend 1867.
^"St. George's Field Riot". Spartacus. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
^The Year's Art, London: Hutchinson and Co., 1922 – via Hathi Trust
^Field, D. M. The World's Greatest Architecture Past & Present. p. 207.
^Forsyth, J. S. (1825). The Antiquary's Portfolio. London: George Wightman. p. 150.
^Rabon, John (21 April 2020). "London's Pandemic History". Londontopia. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
^Skempton, Alec, ed. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. London: Thomas Telford. p. 70. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.
^"Debenhams Plc History". Funding Universe. 1999. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
^"Greenwich Hospital - The Chapel Burning, 2 Jan 1779". Royal Museums Greenwich. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
^Smith, Joachim (22 April 1782). "A Letter to the Editor". London Courant. p. [3].
^ a b c"Empire and Sea Power". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^"Bramah's History – Chronological History of Bramah" (PDF). Retrieved 27 June 2016.
^"Phoebe Harris, burnt for coining in 1786". Capital Punishment U.K. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
^Eigen, Joel Peter (2004). "Nicholson, Margaret (1750?–1828)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20145. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^"London's Oldest Restaurant". Knowledge of London. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
^Darlington, Ida (1955). "Southwark Prisons". Survey of London: Volume 25, St George's Fields (The Parishes of St. George the Martyr Southwark and St. Mary Newington). London. pp. 9–21. Retrieved 12 November 2022 – via British History Online.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Elmes, James (1831). Topographical Dictionary of London and Its Environs. London: Whittaker, Treacher and Arnot.
Thomas Allen; Thomas Wright (1839). "Account of the Companies of the City of London, Alphabetically Arranged". History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and Parts Adjacent. Vol. 2. London. pp. 376–429. hdl:2027/hvd.hwh1uq.
"London". Penny Cyclopaedia. Vol. 14. London: Charles Knight. 1839. pp. 109–129. hdl:2027/ucm.5319406728.
Charles Knight, ed. (1844), "Metropolitan Boroughs", London, vol. 6, London: C. Knight & Co.
Peter Cunningham (1850), "Chronology of London Occurrences", Handbook of London (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 4773921
J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "London". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. Bohn's reference library. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/hvd.32044098621048 – via Hathi Trust.
Timbs, John (1866), Club Life of London, London: J. Bentley, OL 7098926M
George Henry Townsend (1867), "London", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., pp. 587–590
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "London", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
Charles Dickens (1882), "Historical Events", Dickens's Dictionary of London, London: Macmillan & Co.
John and Robert Maxwell (1885). "Memorable Dates". Concise Guide to London. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) circa 1882
R. Price-Williams (1885), "Population of London, 1801–81", Journal of the Statistical Society, vol. 48, pp. 349–432, hdl:2027/uc1.b4148209
Mrs. Basil Holmes (1896). "Burial-Grounds within the Metropolitan Area". London Burial Grounds. Macmillan.
published in the 20th century
Henry Barton Baker (1904), "Chronological List of the London Theatres", History of the London Stage and its Famous Players (1576–1903), London: Routledge
Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "London". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd. pp. 5–47.
Howarth, Osbert John Radcliffe; Ingram, Thomas Allan; Wheatley, Henry Benjamin (1910). "London" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 938–968, see pages 945 and 951. IV. Population, Public Health, &c. & VII. Government
John Richardson (2000). The Annals of London: A Year-by-year Record of a Thousand Years of History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22795-8.
Leonard Schwarz (2000). "London, 1700–1840". In Peter Clark (ed.). Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 641+. ISBN 978-0-521-43141-5.
Jonathan Conlin (2013). Tales of Two Cities: Paris, London and the Birth of the Modern City. Counterpoint LLC. ISBN 978-1-61902-225-6.
Marc Matera (2015). Black London: The Imperial Metropolis and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95990-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of London.
British History Online. London
"London and its Hinterlands: Life in London, 1674–1913". Old Bailey Proceedings Online. University of Sheffield.
"Timeline". Exploring 20th Century London. Renaissance London. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
"London", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester, archived from the original on 5 July 2013, retrieved 15 January 2014.
Europeana. Items related to London, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to London, various dates
"Dates and Events – Chronology". Dictionary of Victorian London. Stoke Newington: Lee Jackson.