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Lista de escándalos políticos federales en Estados Unidos

Este artículo proporciona una lista de escándalos políticos que involucran a funcionarios del gobierno de los Estados Unidos , ordenados del más antiguo al más reciente.

Alcance y organización de los escándalos políticos

Este artículo está organizado por mandatos presidenciales, de más antiguos a más recientes, y luego dividido en escándalos de los poderes ejecutivo, legislativo y judicial del gobierno federal. Los miembros de ambos partidos aparecen enumerados según el mandato del presidente en el momento en que ocurrió el escándalo, aunque es posible que no estén relacionados con el presidente en funciones.

En este artículo, el término " político " (una persona que se dedica profesionalmente a la política) incluye no solo a los elegidos, sino también a los funcionarios del partido, los candidatos a cargos públicos, sus equipos y los designados. Tenga en cuenta que cada presidente selecciona, nombra o contrata directamente a varios miles de personas. Cada uno de ellos selecciona a miles más. Los ciudadanos privados solo deben mencionarse cuando están estrechamente vinculados al escándalo o al político, como Jack Abramoff . Esta lista tampoco incluye los delitos que ocurren fuera del mandato del político (como antes o después de su mandato) a menos que se deriven específicamente de actos realizados mientras estaba en el cargo y se descubran más tarde.

El escándalo se define como "la pérdida o daño a la reputación causado por una violación real o aparente de la moral o la propiedad". Los escándalos son distintos de las "controversias" (que implican dos puntos de vista diferentes) y de la "impopularidad". Muchas decisiones son controvertidas, muchas decisiones son impopulares, eso por sí solo no las convierte en escándalos. Infringir la ley es un escándalo. El fallo de un tribunal es el único método utilizado para determinar una violación de la ley, pero no es el único método para determinar un escándalo. También se incluyen como escándalos los políticos que dimiten, renuncian, se presentan como candidatos o se suicidan mientras están siendo investigados o amenazados con ser investigados.

La notoriedad es un factor determinante de un escándalo, es decir, la cantidad de prensa que se le dedica. Los malentendidos, las faltas a la ética, los delitos no probados o los encubrimientos pueden dar lugar o no a su inclusión en el caso, dependiendo de la posición del acusado, la cantidad de publicidad generada y la gravedad del delito, si la hubiera. Conducir en estado de ebriedad puede ser una condena, pero suele ser un delito demasiado leve y demasiado común como para mencionarlo, a menos que haya múltiples condenas y/o penas de prisión.

Dada la naturaleza política del Congreso, en la que el partido líder tiene poder determinante, los políticos que son reprendidos, denunciados, censurados, amonestados, condenados, suspendidos, reprendidos, hallados en desacato, hallados culpables de actuar indebidamente o de actuar con poco criterio no están incluidos, a menos que el escándalo sea excepcional o conduzca a expulsión o condena.

Gobierno bajo los Artículos de la Confederación (1777-1789)

Las administraciones de George Washington (1789-1797)

Poder legislativo

Administración de John Adams (1797-1801)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Las administraciones de Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder judicial

Las administraciones de James Monroe (1817-1825)

Poder legislativo

Las administraciones de Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

ver las controversias de la administración de Andrew Jackson

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Administración de John Tyler (1841-1845)

Poder legislativo

Administración de Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)

Poder ejecutivo

Administración de Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)

Poder legislativo

Administración de James Buchanan (1857-1861)

Poder legislativo

Administración de Abraham Lincoln (R) (1861-1865)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Administración de Andrew Johnson (R) (1865-1869)

Poder ejecutivo

Las administraciones de Ulysses S. Grant (R) (1869–1877)

Poder ejecutivo

  1. Orville E. Babcock (R), secretario personal de Grant, fue acusado en el escándalo de Whiskey Ring y diez días después en la conspiración del robo de cajas fuertes. Fue absuelto en ambas ocasiones. [45]
  2. John J. McDonald (R), Supervisor del Servicio de Impuestos Internos, fue declarado culpable y sentenciado a tres años. [45]
  3. El secretario jefe del Departamento del Tesoro, WO Avery, fue condenado. [45]
  4. El fiscal federal del este de Wisconsin, Levi Hubbell (republicano), fue suspendido de su cargo por su participación en el Whiskey Ring a través de su contacto con cerveceros de Milwaukee. (1875) [46] [47]

Poder legislativo

  1. Oakes Ames (R-MA) sobornó al Congreso con acciones de Union Pacific. [55]
  2. James Brooks (demócrata de Nueva York) también estuvo implicado; ambos fueron censurados por su participación. (1872) [56]
  3. El senador estadounidense James W. Patterson (republicano por New Hampshire) fue hallado culpable de falso testimonio ante los comités de ética de la Cámara y del Senado, que lo declararon culpable de soborno en el escándalo del Crédit Mobilier . Ambos recomendaron su expulsión del Senado, pero el mandato de Patterson expiró antes de que se pudiera tomar tal medida. (1873) [42]
  4. Véase también William Belknap (R), Secretario de Guerra bajo la concesión republicana de Estados Unidos.
  5. Véase también Schuyler Colfax (R-IN) Vicepresidente bajo la concesión republicana de subvenciones estadounidenses

Poder judicial

Administración de Rutherford B. Hayes (R) (1877–1881)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder judicial

Administración de James A. Garfield (R) (1881)

Administración de Chester A. Arthur (republicano) (1881-1885)

Poder ejecutivo

Administración de Grover Cleveland (demócrata) (1885-1889)

Poder legislativo

Administración de William McKinley (republicano) (1897-1901)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Las administraciones de Theodore Roosevelt (R) (1901-1909)

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Administración de William Howard Taft (R) (1909-1913)

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Gobiernos de Woodrow Wilson (demócrata) (1913-1921)

Poder judicial

Administración de Warren G. Harding (republicano) (1921-1923)

Poder ejecutivo

  1. Albert Fall , secretario del Interior , fue sobornado por Harry F. Sinclair para obtener el control de las reservas petroleras federales de Teapot Dome en Wyoming . Fue el primer miembro del gabinete de Estados Unidos en ser condenado; cumplió dos años de prisión. (1922) [122]
  2. Edwin C. Denby , Secretario de la Marina , renunció por su participación en el escándalo de las reservas de petróleo de Teapot Dome . [123]
  3. El fiscal general Harry M. Daugherty dimitió el 28 de marzo de 1924 a causa de una investigación sobre un plan de sobornos para contrabando de alcohol por parte de su principal colaboradora, Jess Smith . Fue declarado inocente. (1924) [124]
  4. Jess Smith , asistente del Fiscal General Daugherty, destruyó documentos incriminatorios y luego se suicidó. [124]
  5. Charles R. Forbes fue designado por Harding como el primer director de la nueva Oficina de Asuntos de Veteranos . Después de construir y modernizar los hospitales de la VA, fue declarado culpable de soborno y corrupción y sentenciado a dos años de prisión. [125]
  6. Charles Cramer, asesor general de Forbes, se suicidó. (1923) [126]
  7. Thomas W. Miller , jefe de la Oficina de Propiedad Extranjera, fue condenado por fraude al vender valiosas patentes alemanas confiscadas después de la Primera Guerra Mundial a un precio muy inferior al del mercado, así como por soborno. Cumplió 18 meses de cárcel. [127]

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Gobiernos de Calvin Coolidge (republicano) (1923-1929)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Administración de Herbert Hoover (R) (1929-1933)

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Gobiernos de Franklin Delano Roosevelt (demócrata) (1933-1945)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Poder Judicial

Gobiernos de Harry S. Truman (demócrata) (1945-1953)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Gobiernos de Dwight D. Eisenhower (republicano) (1953-1961)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Administración de John F. Kennedy (demócrata) (1961-1963)

Poder legislativo

Gobiernos de Lyndon B. Johnson (demócrata) (1963-1969)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Véase las controversias sobre el nombramiento judicial de Lyndon B. Johnson

Gobiernos de Richard Nixon (R) (1969-1974)

Poder ejecutivo

  1. John N. Mitchell (R), Fiscal General de los Estados Unidos , fue declarado culpable de perjurio y cumplió diecinueve meses de una condena de uno a cuatro años. [201]
  2. Richard Kleindienst (R), el fiscal general que reemplazó a Mitchell, fue declarado culpable de "negarse a responder preguntas" y recibió una pena de un mes de cárcel. [202]
  3. Jeb Stuart Magruder (R), jefe del Comité para la Reelección del Presidente , se declaró culpable de un cargo de conspiración, agosto de 1973 [203]
  4. Frederick C. LaRue (R), asesor de John Mitchell , fue condenado por obstrucción de la justicia. [203]
  5. HR Haldeman (R), CoS de Nixon, fue declarado culpable de conspiración, obstrucción de la justicia y perjurio. [204]
  6. John Ehrlichman (R), abogado de Nixon, fue condenado por conspiración, obstrucción de la justicia y perjurio. [205]
  7. Egil Krogh (R), ayudante de John Ehrlichman, jefe de los 'fontaneros', fue condenado a seis años. [203] [206] [207]
  8. John W. Dean III (R), abogado de Nixon, fue condenado por obstrucción a la justicia. [203]
  9. Dwight L. Chapin (R), asistente adjunto de Nixon, fue declarado culpable de perjurio. [203]
  10. Herbert W. Kalmbach (R), abogado personal de Nixon, fue condenado por realizar campaña ilegal. [203]
  11. Charles W. Colson (R), asesor especial de Nixon, fue condenado por obstrucción a la justicia. [202]
  12. Herbert L. Porter (R), asistente del Comité para la Reelección del Presidente , fue declarado culpable de perjurio. [203]
  13. G. Gordon Liddy (R) del Grupo de Investigaciones Especiales, fue condenado por robo. [203]
  1. Harry Shuler Dent (R), asesor presidencial y estratega, se declaró culpable de violaciones a la ley electoral federal por su participación en la operación ilegal de recaudación de fondos. [214]
  2. Herbert W. Kalmbach (R), abogado personal de Nixon, recaudó 3,9 millones de dólares para un fondo secreto republicano. [215] También prometió a un embajador un puesto mejor a cambio de 100.000 dólares, lo que condujo a su condena y encarcelamiento. [216] Kalmbach se declaró culpable de violación de la Ley Federal de Prácticas Corruptas y de un cargo de promesa de empleo federal. [217]
  3. Jack A. Gleason (R), asistente de la Casa Blanca, se declaró culpable de violaciones a la ley electoral federal en relación con una operación ilegal de recaudación de fondos dirigida por la Casa Blanca. [218]
  4. Wendell Wyatt (republicano por Oregón), representante de los Estados Unidos, fue declarado culpable de un cargo por no informar sobre los desembolsos de un fondo secreto de efectivo que controlaba mientras dirigía la campaña de Richard Nixon en Oregón. Se le impuso una multa de 750 dólares. (1975) [219] [220] [221]

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Administración de Gerald Ford (R) (1974-1977)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Administración de Jimmy Carter (demócrata) (1977-1981)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

  1. Richard T. Hanna (demócrata de California) se declaró culpable [272] y fue sentenciado a una pena de entre 6 y 30 meses de prisión federal. [273] Terminó cumpliendo un año de prisión. [274]
  2. Participaron John J. McFall , Edward Roybal y Charles H. Wilson , todos ellos demócratas de California. Roybal fue censurado, mientras que McFall y Wilson recibieron una reprimenda. [275] [276]

Poder judicial

Gobiernos de Ronald Reagan (R) (1981-1989)

Poder ejecutivo

  1. Melvyn Paisley , nombrado subsecretario de la Marina en 1981 por el presidente republicano Ronald Reagan, [280] fue acusado de aceptar cientos de miles de dólares en sobornos. Se declaró culpable de soborno, renunció a su cargo y cumplió cuatro años de prisión. [281] [282]
  2. James E. Gaines, subsecretario adjunto de la Marina, asumió el cargo cuando Paisley renunció a su cargo. [283] Fue declarado culpable de aceptar una gratificación ilegal y de robo y apropiación indebida de bienes del gobierno. Fue sentenciado a seis meses de prisión. [284]
  3. Victor D. Cohen, subsecretario adjunto de la Fuerza Aérea, fue la 50.ª condena obtenida en el marco de la investigación Ill Wind, cuando se declaró culpable de aceptar sobornos y conspirar para defraudar al gobierno. [285]
  1. Samuel Pierce , Secretario de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano , no fue acusado porque hizo "una aceptación escrita, plena y pública de su responsabilidad". [288]
  2. James G. Watt , Secretario del Interior de 1981 a 1983, fue acusado de 25 cargos de perjurio y obstrucción de la justicia, sentenciado a cinco años de libertad condicional, multa de 5.000 dólares y 500 horas de servicio comunitario. [289]
  3. Deborah Gore Dean (R), asistente ejecutiva de Samuel Pierce (secretario de HUD de 1981 a 1987, y no acusada), fue declarada culpable de 12 cargos de perjurio, conspiración y soborno. Fue sentenciada a 21 meses de prisión. (1987) [290]
  4. Phillip D. Winn, subsecretario de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de 1981 a 1982, se declaró culpable de soborno en 1994. [290]
  5. Thomas Demery, subsecretario de HUD, se declaró culpable de soborno y obstrucción. [290]
  6. Joseph A. Strauss, asistente especial del Secretario de HUD, fue condenado por aceptar pagos para favorecer a los desarrolladores de tierras puertorriqueños para que recibieran fondos de HUD. [291] [292]
  7. Silvio D. DeBartolomeis fue condenado por perjurio y soborno. [290]
  1. El Fiscal General Edwin Meese (R) renunció, pero nunca fue condenado. [293]
  2. Lyn Nofziger (R), secretaria de prensa de la Casa Blanca, fue condenada por cabildeo, pero fue revocada. [294]
  3. Mario Biaggi (D-NY) fue sentenciado a 2+12 años de prisión. [295]
  1. Caspar Weinberger (R), Secretario de Defensa, fue acusado de dos cargos de perjurio y un cargo de obstrucción de la justicia el 16 de junio de 1992. [302] Weinberger recibió un indulto de George HW Bush el 24 de diciembre de 1992, antes de ser juzgado. [303]
  2. Se cree que William Casey (R), director de la CIA, concibió el plan, pero enfermó horas antes de testificar. El periodista Bob Woodward registra que Casey conocía el plan y lo aprobó. [304]
  3. Robert C. McFarlane, asesor de seguridad nacional, fue condenado por retención de pruebas, pero tras un acuerdo con la fiscalía sólo recibió dos años de libertad condicional. Más tarde fue indultado por el presidente George H. W. Bush [305]
  4. Elliott Abrams (R), subsecretario de Estado, fue condenado por retención de pruebas, pero tras un acuerdo con la fiscalía sólo se le concedió una libertad condicional de dos años. Más tarde fue indultado por el presidente George H. W. Bush [306] [307]
  5. Alan D. Fiers, jefe del grupo de trabajo de la CIA para América Central, fue declarado culpable de ocultar pruebas y condenado a un año de libertad condicional. Más tarde fue indultado por el presidente George H. W. Bush [308]
  6. Clair George, jefe de operaciones encubiertas de la CIA, fue condenado por dos cargos de perjurio, pero fue indultado por el presidente George H. W. Bush antes de la sentencia. [309]
  7. Oliver North (R), subdirector del Consejo de Seguridad Nacional, fue condenado por aceptar una gratificación ilegal, obstrucción de una investigación del Congreso y destrucción de documentos, pero las condenas fueron anuladas después de que el tribunal de apelaciones determinara que los testigos en su juicio podrían haber sido afectados de manera inadmisible por su testimonio inmunizado ante el Congreso. [310]
  8. A Fawn Hall , secretaria de Oliver North, se le concedió inmunidad procesal por cargos de conspiración y destrucción de documentos a cambio de su testimonio. [311]
  9. John Poindexter (R), asesor de seguridad nacional, fue declarado culpable de cinco cargos de conspiración, obstrucción de la justicia, perjurio, fraude al gobierno y alteración y destrucción de pruebas. La Corte Suprema revocó esta sentencia. [312]
  10. Duane Clarridge, ex alto funcionario de la CIA, fue acusado en noviembre de 1991 de siete cargos de perjurio y falsas declaraciones relacionadas con un envío a Irán en noviembre de 1985. Fue indultado antes del juicio por el presidente George H. W. Bush . [313] [314]
  11. Richard V. Secord , ex general de división de la Fuerza Aérea que organizó la venta de armas a Irán y la ayuda a la Contra, se declaró culpable en noviembre de 1989 de realizar declaraciones falsas al Congreso. Fue condenado a dos años de libertad condicional. [315] [316]
  12. En noviembre de 1989, Albert Hakim , empresario, se declaró culpable de complementar el salario de Oliver North comprándole una valla de 13.800 dólares. A Hakim se le impusieron dos años de libertad condicional y una multa de 5.000 dólares, mientras que se ordenó la disolución de su empresa, Lake Resources Inc. [315] [317]
  13. Thomas G. Clines , un ex funcionario de inteligencia que se convirtió en traficante de armas, fue condenado en septiembre de 1990 por cuatro cargos relacionados con el impuesto a la renta, entre ellos, declarar menos ingresos al IRS y mentir sobre no tener cuentas en el extranjero. Fue sentenciado a 16 meses de prisión y a pagar una multa de 40.000 dólares. [315] [318]
  14. Carl R. Channell (R), un recaudador de fondos para causas conservadoras, se declaró culpable en abril de 1987 de defraudar al IRS a través de una organización exenta de impuestos para financiar a los Contras. [319] Fue sentenciado a dos años de libertad condicional. [315] [320]
  15. Richard R. Miller, socio de Carl R. Channell, se declaró culpable en mayo de 1987 de defraudar al IRS a través de una organización exenta de impuestos dirigida por Channell. Más precisamente, se declaró culpable de mentir al IRS sobre la deducibilidad de las donaciones a la organización. Algunas de las donaciones se utilizaron para financiar a los Contras. [321] Condenado a dos años de libertad condicional y 120 horas de servicio comunitario. [315]
  16. Joseph F. Fernández, jefe de la estación de la CIA en Costa Rica, fue acusado de cinco cargos en 1988. [322] El caso fue desestimado cuando el Fiscal General Dick Thornburgh se negó a desclasificar información necesaria para su defensa en 1990. [323]
  1. Anne Gorsuch Burford , directora de la EPA, redujo el personal de la EPA en un 22% y se negó a entregar documentos al Congreso sobre la retención de fondos, citando el " privilegio ejecutivo " presidencial, [325] tras lo cual fue declarada en desacato y renunció junto con veinte de sus principales empleados. (1980) [326] [327]
  2. Rita Lavelle , administradora de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos , hizo un mal uso de los fondos del "superfondo" y fue condenada por perjurio. Estuvo seis meses en prisión, recibió una multa de 10.000 dólares y cinco años de libertad condicional. [328]

Poder legislativo

  1. El senador Alan Cranston (demócrata de California) fue reprendido. [361]
  2. El senador Dennis DeConcini (demócrata por Arizona) actuó de manera indebida. [362]
  3. El senador Don Riegle (demócrata de Michigan) actuó de manera indebida. [362]
  4. El senador John Glenn (demócrata de Ohio) actuó con poco criterio. [362]
  5. El senador John McCain (republicano de Arizona) actuó con poco criterio. [362]
  1. El senador Harrison A. Williams (demócrata de Nueva Jersey) fue declarado culpable de nueve cargos de soborno y conspiración y sentenciado a tres años de prisión. [241]
  2. El representante John Jenrette (D-SC) fue sentenciado a dos años de prisión por soborno y conspiración. [241]
  3. Richard Kelly (republicano por Florida) aceptó 25.000 dólares y luego afirmó que estaba llevando a cabo su propia investigación sobre corrupción. Cumplió 13 meses de cárcel. [241]
  4. Raymond Lederer (demócrata por Pensilvania) dijo que "puedo darte lo que soy" después de aceptar 50.000 dólares. Fue condenado a tres años de prisión. [363]
  5. Michael Myers (demócrata por Pensilvania) aceptó 50.000 dólares y dijo que "el dinero habla y las tonterías salen". Fue condenado a tres años de prisión y expulsado de la Cámara de Representantes. [241]
  6. Frank Thompson (D-NJ) fue sentenciado a tres años de prisión. [241]
  7. John M. Murphy (demócrata de Nueva York) cumplió 20 meses de una condena de tres años. [364]
  8. También fueron arrestados el senador estatal de Nueva Jersey, Angelo Errichetti (D) [365] y miembros del Concejo Municipal de Filadelfia.

Poder judicial

Administración de George H. W. Bush (republicano) (1989-1993)

Poder ejecutivo

  1. Caspar Weinberger , Secretario de Defensa de Ronald Reagan, indultado antes del juicio [387]
  2. Robert C. McFarlane , asesor de seguridad nacional de Ronald Reagan, culpable de retener información, [387]
  3. Elliott Abrams , subsecretario de Estado de Ronald Reagan, culpable de retener información, [387]
  4. Clair George , jefe de operaciones encubiertas de la CIA, culpable de perjurio [387]
  5. Alan D. Fiers , jefe de la Fuerza de Tarea Centroamericana de la CIA, culpable de retener información [387]
  6. Duane Clarridge , oficial de operaciones de la CIA, indultado antes del juicio [387]

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Gobiernos de Bill Clinton (demócrata) (1993-2001)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

  1. Buz Lukens (R-OH) fue condenado por soborno y conspiración. [419]
  2. Carl C. Perkins (demócrata de Kentucky) se declaró culpable de un plan de emisión de cheques sin fondos que involucraba a varias instituciones financieras (incluido el House Bank). [419]
  3. Carroll Hubbard (D-KY) fue condenado por canalizar dinero ilegalmente a la campaña de 1992 de su esposa para sucederlo en el Congreso. [420]
  4. Mary Rose Oakar (D-OH) fue acusada de siete delitos graves, pero se declaró culpable sólo de un delito menor de financiación de campañas no relacionado con el House Bank. [419]
  5. Walter Fauntroy (D-DC) fue condenado por presentar formularios de divulgación falsos para ocultar ingresos no autorizados. [419]
  6. Jack Russ, sargento de armas de la Cámara, fue declarado culpable de tres cargos. [419]
  1. Dan Rostenkowski (D-IL) fue declarado culpable y sentenciado a 18 meses de prisión en 1995. [422]
  2. Joe Kolter (D-PA) fue declarado culpable de un cargo de conspiración [423] y sentenciado a 6 meses de prisión. [424]
  3. El director de correos Robert V. Rota fue declarado culpable de un cargo de conspiración y dos cargos de malversación de fondos. [421]
  1. Rhonda Carmony (R), directora de campaña y esposa del representante estatal Dana Rohrabacher (R), fue la principal instigadora de un esfuerzo republicano para manipular las elecciones del Distrito Estatal 67 de California al promover la candidatura de la candidata señuelo Laurie Campbell (D) para socavar la candidatura de la popular demócrata Linda Moulton-Patterson. Carmony se declaró culpable y fue sentenciada a tres años de libertad condicional y 300 horas de servicio comunitario y recibió una multa. (1996) [430] [431]
  2. Jack Wenpo Wu (R), tesorero de campaña de Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA), representante de EE. UU., malversó más de $300 000. Estaba devolviendo el dinero cuando fue declarado culpable y sentenciado a 1 año y 5 años de libertad condicional (2015) [432] [433]
  3. Enid Greene Mickelsen (Waldholtz) (R), representante de los EE. UU., fue declarada culpable de cuatro cargos de violación de las normas de la FEC y pagó 100.000 dólares en multas por violaciones de campaña. (1994) [434]
  4. Joe Waldholtz (R), director de campaña y esposo de Enid Greene Waldholtz (R) se declaró culpable de los cargos federales de fraude fiscal, bancario y de campaña, malversación y falsificación (1995) [435] y luego, mientras estaba en libertad condicional , fue condenado posteriormente por falsificar cheques de seguros y de Asuntos de Veteranos de su madrastra y su difunto padre. [436] [437]

Gobiernos de George W. Bush (R) (2001-2009)

Poder ejecutivo

  1. Francis J. Harvey (R), Secretario del Ejército, designado por GW Bush, renunció [448] [449] [450]
  2. El mayor general George Weightman ( ) fue despedido por fallas relacionadas con el escándalo [451] [452] [453] [454]
  3. El teniente general Kevin C. Kiley (R), designado por GW Bush, fue relevado del mando y dimitió por fallos relacionados con el escándalo. [455] [456]
  1. Procurador General Alberto Gonzales [474]
  2. Karl Rove , asesor del presidente Bush [475]
  3. Harriet Miers , asesora jurídica del presidente Bush, fue declarada culpable de desacato al Congreso [476]
  4. Michael A. Battle , Director de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Fiscales de los Estados Unidos en el Departamento de Justicia [477]
  5. Bradley Schlozman , Director de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Fiscales de los Estados Unidos que reemplazó a Battle [478]
  6. Michael Elston , jefe de gabinete del fiscal general adjunto Paul McNulty [479]
  7. Paul McNulty , fiscal general adjunto de William Mercer [480]
  8. William W. Mercer , Fiscal General Asociado de Alberto Gonzales [481]
  9. Kyle Sampson , jefe de gabinete del fiscal general Alberto Gonzales [477]
  10. Monica Goodling , enlace entre el presidente Bush y el Departamento de Justicia [482]
  11. Joshua Bolten , subdirector del gabinete del presidente Bush, fue declarado culpable de desacato al Congreso [476]
  12. Sara M. Taylor , asistente del asesor presidencial Karl Rove [483]
  1. David Safavian (R) CoS de la GSA (Administración de Servicios Generales) fue declarado culpable de realizar declaraciones falsas como parte del escándalo de cabildeo y corrupción de Jack Abramoff y fue sentenciado a un año de prisión. (2005) [501] [502] declarado culpable de bloquear la justicia y mentir, [503] y sentenciado a 18 meses [504]
  2. Roger Stillwell (R), miembro del personal del Departamento del Interior , se declaró culpable y recibió una sentencia suspendida de dos años. [505]
  3. Susan B. Ralston (R), asistente especial del presidente y asesora principal de Karl Rove , renunció el 6 de octubre de 2006, después de que se supo que aceptaba regalos y pasaba información a su exjefe Jack Abramoff . [506]
  4. J. Steven Griles (R), adjunto al Secretario del Interior, se declaró culpable de obstrucción de la justicia y fue condenado a 10 meses [490]
  5. Italia Federici (R), colaboradora del Secretario del Interior y presidenta del Consejo de Republicanos para la Defensa del Medio Ambiente , se declaró culpable de evasión fiscal y obstrucción de la justicia. Fue condenada a cuatro años de libertad condicional. [507] [508] [509]
  6. Jared Carpenter (R), vicepresidente del Consejo de Republicanos para la Defensa del Medio Ambiente , fue descubierto durante la investigación de Abramoff y se declaró culpable de evasión de impuestos. Fue sentenciado a 45 días, más 4 años de libertad condicional. [510]
  7. Mark Zachares (R), miembro del personal del Departamento de Trabajo , sobornado por Abramoff, culpable de conspiración para defraudar. [500]
  8. Robert E. Coughlin (R), subdirector del Departamento de Justicia, se declaró culpable de conflicto de intereses tras aceptar sobornos de Jack Abramoff . (2008) [511]
  1. suspender secciones del Tratado ABM sin informar al Congreso [549]
  2. eludir la Ley de Vigilancia de Inteligencia Extranjera que permite la intervención telefónica sin orden judicial de ciudadanos estadounidenses dentro de los Estados Unidos por parte de la Agencia de Seguridad Nacional . [549]
  3. afirmar que la Primera Enmienda y la Cuarta Enmiendas y la Cláusula de Expropiaciones no se aplican al presidente en tiempos de guerra según se define en la Ley Patriota de los EE. UU. [549]
  4. permitir técnicas de interrogatorio mejoradas (tortura) porque las disposiciones de la Ley de Crímenes de Guerra , la Tercera Convención de Ginebra y la Convención contra la Tortura no se aplican. [549] Muchos de sus memorandos han sido repudiados y revocados desde entonces. [549] [550] Una revisión posterior por parte del Departamento de Justicia informó que Yoo y Jay Bybee habían usado "mal criterio" en los memorandos, pero no se presentaron cargos. [551]

Poder legislativo

  1. El representante estadounidense y líder de la mayoría de la Cámara de Representantes, Tom DeLay (republicano por Texas), fue reprendido dos veces por el Comité de Ética de la Cámara y sus ayudantes fueron acusados ​​(2004-2005); finalmente, el propio DeLay fue investigado en octubre de 2005 en relación con el escándalo de Abramoff, pero no fue acusado. DeLay renunció a la Cámara el 9 de junio de 2006. [579] Se descubrió que DeLay había canalizado ilegalmente fondos de Americans for a Republican Majority a campañas de legisladores estatales republicanos. Fue declarado culpable de dos cargos de lavado de dinero y conspiración en 2010. [580] Su condena fue revocada en apelación.
  2. Michael Scanlon (R), director de comunicaciones de Tom DeLay, trabajó para Abramoff y se declaró culpable de soborno. [499] [500]
  3. Tony Rudy (R), subdirector adjunto de Tom DeLay, se declaró culpable de conspiración. [500]
  4. Jim Ellis (R), Director Ejecutivo del Comité de Acción Política de Tom DeLay, Americans for a Republican Majority (ARMPAC), fue declarado culpable de lavado de dinero. [581] [582]
  5. John Colyandro (R), director ejecutivo del comité de acción política de Tom DeLay, Texans for a Republican Majority (TRMPAC), fue acusado por Texas de lavado de dinero [581]
  6. El representante de los Estados Unidos Bob Ney (republicano por Ohio) se declaró culpable de conspiración y de realizar declaraciones falsas como resultado de haber recibido viajes de Abramoff a cambio de favores legislativos. Ney recibió una condena de 30 meses de prisión. [500] [583]
  7. William Heaton (R) CoS de Bob Ney, se declaró culpable de un cargo de conspiración para cometer fraude [584] admitiendo haber conspirado con Ney, Jack Abramoff y otros para aceptar vacaciones, comidas, boletos y contribuciones a la campaña de Ney a cambio de que Ney beneficiara a los clientes de Abramoff. (2006) [585]
  8. Neil Volz (R), ex oficial de seguridad de Bob Ney, se declaró culpable de un cargo de conspiración en 2006, cargos derivados de su trabajo para Bob Ney. En 2007 fue sentenciado a dos años de libertad condicional, 100 horas de servicio comunitario y una multa de 2.000 dólares. [586]
  9. John Albaugh (R), ex secretario de Estado de Ernest Istook (R-OK), se declaró culpable de aceptar sobornos relacionados con el proyecto de ley federal de carreteras. Istook no fue acusado. (2008) [587]
  10. James Hirni (R), ex empleado de Tim Hutchinson (R-AR), fue acusado de fraude electrónico por dar un soborno a un empleado de Don Young (R) de Alaska a cambio de modificaciones a la Ley Federal de Carreteras. (2008) [588]
  11. Kevin A. Ring (R), ex empleado de John Doolittle (R-CA), fue declarado culpable de cinco cargos de corrupción y fraude en servicios honestos y sentenciado a 20 meses. [589] [590]
  12. Fraser Verrusio (R), director de políticas del Comité de Transporte e Infraestructura del senador estadounidense Don Young (R-AK), fue investigado durante los escándalos de Jack Abramoff . Verrusio redactó una legislación federal favorable para las empresas de alquiler de equipos a través de la firma Abramoff. Fue acusado de aceptar sobornos, como entradas para la Serie Mundial y luego mentir al respecto. Fue sentenciado a medio día de prisión, 2 años de libertad condicional y multado. (2011) [591] [592] [593]
  1. Mitchell Wade , contratista privado y "co-conspirador" con Cunningham
  2. Kyle Foggo Director de la CIA y amigo de Wilkes, condenado por fraude
  3. Brent R. Wilkes, contratista privado

Gobiernos de Barack Obama (demócrata) (2009-2017)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

  1. Paul Seewald trabajó para McCotter como director de distrito del 11.º distrito congresual de Michigan . Se declaró culpable de nueve cargos de firmar falsamente una petición de nominación como circulante. Fue sentenciado a dos años de libertad condicional y 100 horas de servicio comunitario, y se le ordenó pagar las costas y los honorarios judiciales. [668]
  2. Don Yowchuang trabajó para McCotter como subdirector del distrito 11 del Congreso de Michigan. Se declaró culpable de diez cargos de falsificación y seis cargos de firma falsa de una petición de nominación y fue sentenciado a tres años de libertad condicional, 200 horas de servicio comunitario y costas judiciales. [669]
  3. Mary M. Turnbull fue representante de McCotter en el 11.º distrito del Congreso de Michigan. Fue declarada culpable de conspirar para cometer un acto legal de manera ilegal y de firmar falsamente una petición de nominación. Fue condenada a dos años de libertad condicional, un día de cárcel y 200 horas de servicio comunitario. Turnbull también recibió la orden de pagar una multa de 1.440 dólares. Además, se le prohíbe participar en las elecciones o en el proceso político. [670]
  4. Lorianne O'Brady trabajó como programadora de McCotter en el 11.º Distrito Congresional de Michigan. Se declaró culpable de los cargos de que afirmó falsamente haber recolectado firmas legalmente para incluir a McCotter en la boleta electoral cuando en realidad no lo había hecho. Fue sentenciada a 20 días de prisión y a un programa de trabajo, además de multas y costas judiciales por 2.625 dólares. [671]
  1. Ana Alliegro (R), directora de campaña de David Rivera (R-FL), se declaró culpable de violar las leyes de campaña de Estados Unidos. Fue condenada a seis meses de cárcel y seis meses de arresto domiciliario, además de dos años de libertad condicional. (2014) [674]
  1. John G. Rowland (R) Asesor de campaña de la candidata a representante de los EE. UU., la republicana Lisa Wilson-Foley . Rowland fue declarado culpable de conspirar para realizar contribuciones ilegales a la campaña, realizar declaraciones falsas y conspirar. Fue sentenciado a 30 meses de prisión. (2012) [684] [685] [686]
  1. Doug Hampton (R), asistente de Ensign en lo que se convirtió en el escándalo de John Ensign, llegó a un acuerdo de culpabilidad por separado con los fiscales en mayo de 2012, cuyos detalles aún no se han publicado. [701]
  1. Jesse Benton (R), presidente de la campaña de Ron Paul (R-TX), ocultó más de $73,000 en pagos al senador estatal de Iowa Kent Sorenson para convencerlo de que cambiara su apoyo presidencial de Michele Bachmann a Ron Paul. Fue declarado culpable de conspirar para causar registros falsos. Fue sentenciado a seis meses de arresto domiciliario, multado con $10,000 y recibió dos años de libertad condicional. (2016) [704] [705] [706]
  2. John Tate (R), director de campaña del representante estadounidense Ron Paul (R-TX), fue acusado de ocultar más de 73.000 dólares en pagos al senador estatal de Iowa Kent Sorenson para convencerlo de que cambiara su apoyo presidencial de Michele Bachmann a Paul. Fue declarado culpable de conspiración. Fue sentenciado a 6 meses de arresto domiciliario, 2 años de libertad condicional y multado con 10.000 dólares en 2016. [707] [708]
  3. Dimitri Kesari, subdirector de campaña del representante estadounidense Ron Paul (republicano de Texas), fue declarado culpable de falsificar registros relacionados con la contratación del senador estatal de Iowa Sorensen durante la campaña presidencial de 2012. Fue sentenciado a tres meses de prisión. (2012) [709] [710]
  1. Ronnie Simmons (D), CoS de la representante estadounidense Corrine Brown (D-FL), se declaró culpable de fraude. (2017) [726] [727]

Poder judicial

Administración de Donald Trump (R) (2017-2021)

Poder ejecutivo

Gabinete y asistentes (17)

  1. Albert Kelly (R), director del grupo de trabajo Superfund de la EPA y principal asistente del jefe de la EPA, Scott Pruitt (R), renunció en medio del escrutinio de sus acciones anteriores como líder de un banco en Oklahoma, lo que condujo a una multa de $125,000 y una prohibición de por vida de ejercer la banca. (2018) [797] [798] [799]
  2. Pasquale "Nino" Perrotta, administrador de seguridad de la EPA, renunció tras acusaciones de gastos desmedidos y contratos indebidos (2018) [800]
  3. Samantha Dravis (R), administradora asociada de la EPA y asesora principal de la Oficina de Políticas, renunció abruptamente después de las acusaciones de ser una empleada que no se presenta a sus funciones. (2018) [801] [802]

Abogados (5)

Asesores y personal (7)

Poder legislativo

  1. Margaret Hunter (R), directora de campaña y esposa del representante estadounidense Duncan D. Hunter (R), fue acusada de malversación de 200.000 dólares en donaciones de campaña. Se declaró culpable de un cargo de conspiración y fue condenada a ocho meses de arresto domiciliario y tres años de libertad condicional. [854] [855] [856] [857]
  1. Jason T. Posey (R) Director de Proyectos Especiales y Tesorero de Campaña de Stephen E. Stockman , bajo la dirección y supervisión personal de Stockman, Posey tomó casi un millón de dólares de varias fuentes y los canalizó ilegalmente hacia la campaña de Stockman para el Senado en 2014. Se declaró culpable de fraude postal, fraude electrónico, lavado de dinero y contribuciones a través de conductos. (2013) [871] [872]
  2. Thomas Dodd (R), asistente especial de Steve Stockman, se declaró culpable de dos cargos de conspiración y aceptó cooperar con los fiscales. (2013) [871] [872] [873]

Poder judicial

Administración de Joe Biden (demócrata) (2021-presente)

Poder ejecutivo

Poder legislativo

Poder judicial

Véase también

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  943. ^ Steve Patterson, Florida Times-Union (February 27, 2021). "North Florida ex-State Attorney Siegmeister indicted in federal extortion, bribery case". Jacksonville.com.
  944. ^ Zachary Cohen and Holmes Lybrand (July 9, 2024). "Trump-appointed judge in Alaska resigns after investigation finds he had 'inappropriately sexualized relationship'". cnn.com.
  945. ^ "Judicial Conduct and Disability Complaint Number 22-90121, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, July 8, 2024

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