Portal:Pintura

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El Portal de la Pintura

La pintura es un arte visual , que se caracteriza por la práctica de aplicar pintura , pigmento , color u otro medio a una superficie sólida (llamada "matriz" o " soporte "). El medio se aplica comúnmente a la base con un pincel , pero se pueden usar otros implementos, como cuchillos, esponjas y aerógrafos .

En arte , el término "pintura" describe tanto el acto como el resultado de la acción (la obra final se denomina "una pintura"). El soporte para pinturas incluye superficies como paredes, papel, lienzo, madera, vidrio, laca, cerámica , hojas , cobre y hormigón , y la pintura puede incorporar muchos otros materiales, incluidos arena, arcilla , papel, yeso , pan de oro y incluso objetos enteros.

La pintura es una forma importante de arte visual , que incorpora elementos como el dibujo , la composición , el gesto , la narración y la abstracción . Las pinturas pueden ser de naturaleza naturalista y representativa (como en la naturaleza muerta y la pintura de paisajes ), fotográfica , abstracta, narrativa, simbólica (como en el arte simbolista ), emotiva (como en el expresionismo ) o política (como en el artivismo ).

Una parte de la historia de la pintura, tanto en el arte oriental como en el occidental, está dominada por el arte religioso . Los ejemplos de este tipo de pintura van desde obras de arte que representan figuras mitológicas en cerámica , pasando por escenas bíblicas en el techo de la Capilla Sixtina , hasta escenas de la vida de Buda (u otras imágenes de origen religioso oriental ). ( Articulo completo... )

Actualizar con nuevas selecciones a continuación (purgar)

Artículos generales seleccionados

Imagen 1
Una pintura combinada o Combine es una obra de arte que incorpora elementos tanto de pintura como de escultura . Los elementos adjuntos a las pinturas pueden incluir objetos cotidianos tridimensionales, como ropa o muebles, así como material impreso que incluye fotografías o recortes de periódicos.

El término está más estrechamente asociado con la obra de arte del artista estadounidense Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), quien acuñó la frase Combine para describir sus propias obras de arte que exploran la frontera entre el arte y el mundo cotidiano. Al situarlos en el contexto del arte, otorgó un nuevo significado a los objetos ordinarios. Estas creaciones en varios medios desafiaron la doctrina de la especificidad del medio mencionada por el crítico de arte modernista Clement Greenberg . ( Articulo completo... )
Imagen 2
En pintura , la accidentalidad es el efecto que producen las luces accidentales. ( Articulo completo... )
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La idea de fundar una teoría de la pintura según el modelo de la teoría musical fue sugerida por Goethe en 1807 y ganó mucha consideración entre los artistas de vanguardia de la década de 1920, el período de la cultura de Weimar , como Paul Klee . ( Articulo completo... )
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Pueblo de Scheveningen , una pequeña sección del Panorama Mesdag (1880-1881), con un terreno falso en primer plano.

Las pinturas panorámicas son obras de arte masivas que revelan una visión amplia y abarcadora de un tema en particular, a menudo un paisaje , una batalla militar o un evento histórico. Se hicieron especialmente populares en el siglo XIX en Europa y Estados Unidos , incitando la oposición de algunos escritores de poesía romántica . Algunos han sobrevivido hasta el siglo XXI y están en exhibición pública. Los panoramas, que normalmente se muestran en rotondas para su visualización, estaban destinados a ser tan realistas que confundieran al espectador entre lo que era real y lo que era imagen.

En China , las pinturas panorámicas son un subconjunto importante de las pinturas en pergamino , siendo algunos ejemplos famosos A lo largo del río durante el Festival Qingming y Diez mil millas del río Yangtze . ( Articulo completo... )
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Hiroshige, The moon over a waterfall

The depiction of night in paintings is common in art in Asia. Paintings that feature the night scene as the theme are mostly portraits and landscapes. Some artworks which involve religious or fantasy topics use the quality of dim night light to create mysterious atmospheres. They tend to illustrate the illuminating effect of the light reflection on the subjects under either moonlight or artificial light sources. (Full article...)
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Boston Expressionism is an arts movement marked by emotional directness, dark humor, social and spiritual themes, and a tendency toward figuration strong enough that Boston Figurative Expressionism is sometimes used as an alternate term to distinguish it from abstract expressionism, with which it overlapped.

Strongly influenced by German Expressionism and by the immigrant, and often Jewish, experience, the movement originated in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 1930s, continues in a third-wave form today, and flourished most markedly in the 1950s–70s. (Full article...)
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Filled-in child's coloring book, Garfield Goose (1953)

A coloring book (British English: colouring-in book, colouring book, or colouring page) is a type of book containing line art to which people are intended to add color using crayons, colored pencils, marker pens, paint or other artistic media. Traditional coloring books and coloring pages are printed on paper or card. Some coloring books have perforated edges so their pages can be removed from the books and used as individual sheets. Others may include a story line and so are intended to be left intact. Today, many children's coloring books feature popular cartoon characters. They are often used as promotional materials for animated motion pictures. Coloring books may also incorporate other activities such as connect the dots, mazes and other puzzles. Some also incorporate the use of stickers. (Full article...)
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Historic paint analysis, or architectural paint research, is the scientific analysis of a broad range of architectural finishes, and is primarily used to determine the color and behavior of surface finishes at any given point in time. This helps us to understand the building's structural history and how its appearance has changed over time.

Historic paint analysis shares a common methodology with the conservation and restoration of paintings used to conserve and restore two- and three dimensional works of art. This involves the identification of components such as organic or inorganic pigments and dyes contained in the pigments. Historic paint analysis also identifies the pigments' media of suspension such as (water, oil, or latex and the paints' associated substrate. A variety of techniques are used to identify and analyze the pigment layers and finish exposure, including Finish Exposure, optical microscopy, fluorescent light microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. (Full article...)
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An artist working on a watercolor using a round brush

Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also aquarelle (French: [akwaʁɛl]; from Italian diminutive of Latin aqua 'water'), is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution. Watercolor refers to both the medium and the resulting artwork. Aquarelles painted with water-soluble colored ink instead of modern water colors are called aquarellum atramento (Latin for "aquarelle made with ink") by experts. However, this term has now tended to pass out of use.

The conventional and most common support — material to which the paint is applied—for watercolor paintings is watercolor paper. Other supports or substrates include stone, ivory, silk, reed, papyrus, bark papers, plastics, vellum, leather, fabric, wood, and watercolor canvas (coated with a gesso that is specially formulated for use with watercolors). Watercolor paper is often made entirely or partially with cotton. This gives the surface the appropriate texture and minimizes distortion when wet. Watercolor papers are usually cold-pressed papers that provide better texture and appearance with a weight at least 300 gsm (140 lb). Under 300 gsm (140 lb) is commonly not recommended for anything but sketching. Transparency is the main characteristic of watercolors. Watercolors can also be made opaque by adding Chinese white. This is not a method to be used in "true watercolor" (traditional). (Full article...)
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Xia Gui (Song dynasty) – Mountain Market- Clear with Rising Mist, one of the 8 scenes of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang, a favourite subject in the Chinese ink wash painting tradition, showing the variety of effects achievable with black ink.

A wash is a term for a visual arts technique resulting in a semi-transparent layer of colour. A wash of diluted ink or watercolor paint applied in combination with drawing is called pen and wash, wash drawing, or ink and wash. Normally only one or two colours of wash are used; if more colours are used the result is likely to be classified as a full watercolor painting.

The classic East Asian tradition of ink wash painting uses black ink in various levels of dilution. Historically associated with the four arts of the scholar-officials, the technique was often applied to landscapes in traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean painting. (Full article...)
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Ghost sign advertising Bile Beans in York, England

A ghost sign is an old hand-painted advertising sign that has been preserved on a building for an extended period of time. The sign may be kept for its nostalgic appeal, or simply indifference by the owner. (Full article...)
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Live painting by Beo Beyond at Shôko Club in Barcelona, working with fluorescent colors which glow under blacklight.

Live painting is a form of visual performance art in which artists complete a visual art piece in a public performance, often at a bar, music concert, wedding reception, or public event, accompanied by a DJ or live music. The artwork which is created live may be planned or improvisational. This live art form is often contrasted with more studied fine art compositions from the same artists, which are generally executed in an artist studio or other private space.

Artists in a number of genres have performed live painting, including LeRoy Neiman creating a painting during the 1976 Summer Olympics. In the 1990s and 2000s, live painting became a hallmark of street art and graffiti artists. (Full article...)
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Annibale Carracci, An Allegory of Truth and Time (1584–85), an allegorical history painting relying very little upon realism.

A hierarchy of genres is any formalization which ranks different genres in an art form in terms of their prestige and cultural value.

In literature, the epic was considered the highest form, for the reason expressed by Samuel Johnson in his Life of John Milton: "By the general consent of criticks, the first praise of genius is due to the writer of an epick poem, as it requires an assemblage of all the powers which are singly sufficient for other compositions." Below that came lyric poetry, and comic poetry, with a similar ranking for drama. The novel took a long time to establish a firm place in the hierarchy, doing so only as belief in any systematic hierarchy of forms expired in the 19th century. (Full article...)
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En plein air painter on the Côte d'Argent in Hourtin, France

En plein air (pronounced [ɑ̃ plɛ.n‿ɛʁ]; French for 'outdoors'), or plein-air painting, is the act of painting outdoors.

This method contrasts with studio painting or academic rules that might create a predetermined look. The theory of 'En plein air' painting is credited to Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (1750–1819), first expounded in a treatise entitled Reflections and Advice to a Student on Painting, Particularly on Landscape (1800), where he developed the concept of landscape portraiture by which the artist paints directly onto canvas in situ within the landscape. (Full article...)
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Robert Delaunay, 1912–13, Le Premier Disque, 134 cm (52.7 in.), private collection

Abstract art uses visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world.

Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy. The sources from which individual artists drew their theoretical arguments were diverse, and reflected the social and intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western culture at that time. (Full article...)
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket, 1874

In art, a 'nocturne' its broader sense distinguishes paintings of a night scene, or night-piece, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch, or the German Romantic Caspar David Friedrich's Two Men Contemplating the Moon of 1819.

In America, James Abbott McNeill Whistler titled works thus to distinguish those paintings with a "dreamy, pensive mood" by applying the musical term, and likewise also titled (and retitled) works using other music expressions, such as a "symphony", "harmony", "study" or "arrangement", to emphasize the tonal qualities and the composition and to de-emphasize the narrative content. The use of the term "nocturne" can be associated with the Tonalist movement of the American of the late 19th century and early 20th century which is "characterized by soft, diffused light, muted tones and hazy outlined objects, all of which imbue the works with a strong sense of mood." Along with winter scenes, nocturnes were a common Tonalist theme. Frederic Remington used the term as well for his nocturne scenes of the American Old West. (Full article...)
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Carved and inlaid Late Baroque supraporte in Toruń, Poland

An "overdoor" (or "Supraporte" as in German, or "sopraporte" as in Italian) is a painting, bas-relief or decorative panel, generally in a horizontal format, that is set, typically within ornamental mouldings, over a door, or was originally intended for this purpose. (Full article...)
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Self-portrait of Nicolas Régnier painting a portrait of Vincenzo Giustiniani, 1623–24, Fogg Art Museum.

Portrait painting is a genre in painting, where the intent is to represent a specific human subject. The term 'portrait painting' can also describe the actual painted portrait. Portraitists may create their work by commission, for public and private persons, or they may be inspired by admiration or affection for the subject. Portraits often serve as important state and family records, as well as remembrances.

Historically, portrait paintings have primarily memorialized the rich and powerful. Over time, however, it became more common for middle-class patrons to commission portraits of their families and colleagues. Today, portrait paintings are still commissioned by governments, corporations, groups, clubs, and individuals. In addition to painting, portraits can also be made in other media such as prints (including etching and lithography), photography, video and digital media. (Full article...)
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In painting, local color is the color of an object when seen under flat white light with no adjustment for form shadow or colors of light or secondary light sources. An example would be the assumption that an apple is "red" when it is actually dependent on the color of the light hitting it, color of objects around it, glossiness, and variations within the colors on the surface of the apple itself. Local color is learned in childhood to help simplify and make sense of the world. Coloring books reinforce the idea of simplifying colors. "The sky is blue", "grass is green", etc. when there are actually myriad variations in hue, chroma, within these areas. In order to represent objects realistically, painters must look beyond the simplifications of local color. Demonstrations of color constancy show how flawed local color assumptions can be when the light source has a color shift.

In contemporary sculpture local color is the original color of the raw material that remains unpainted in the completed work. (Full article...)
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The Jerwood Painting Prize was a prize for originality and excellence in painting in the United Kingdom, awarded and funded by the Jerwood Foundation. It was open to all artists born or resident in the UK, regardless of age or reputation. Winners of the prize include Craigie Aitchison, Patrick Caulfield, Prunella Clough and Maggi Hambling. The prize was instituted in 1994, and at £30,000 was the largest of its kind in Britain. The prize is no longer awarded. (Full article...)
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David Wilkie, The Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch (1822)

Scottish genre art is the depiction of everyday life in Scotland, or by Scottish artists, emulating the genre art of Netherlands painters of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Common themes included markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes.

The tradition was founded in Scotland in the late eighteenth century by David Allan, who moved from classical and mythological themes to scenes of everyday life, including his most famous work Illustrations of the Gentle Shepherd. As a result he earned the title of "the Scottish Hogarth". By the end of the eighteenth century genre art had become a Scottish speciality. The tradition was successfully taken up by David Wilkie, who was one of the most internationally influential artists of this day. (Full article...)
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KJ 314

Industrial paint robots have been used for decades in automotive paint applications.

Early paint robots were hydraulic versions, which are still in use today but are of inferior quality and safety to the latest electronic offerings. The newest robots are accurate and deliver results with uniform film builds and exact thicknesses. (Full article...)
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Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid by Jan Vermeer 1670/71)

Genre painting (or petit genre), a form of genre art, depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities. One common definition of a genre scene is that it shows figures to whom no identity can be attached either individually or collectively, thus distinguishing it from history paintings (also called grand genre) and portraits. A work would often be considered as a genre work even if it could be shown that the artist had used a known person—a member of his family, say—as a model. In this case it would depend on whether the work was likely to have been intended by the artist to be perceived as a portrait—sometimes a subjective question. The depictions can be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Because of their familiar and frequently sentimental subject matter, genre paintings have often proven popular with the bourgeoisie, or middle class.

Genre subjects appear in many traditions of art. Painted decorations in ancient Egyptian tombs often depict banquets, recreation, and agrarian scenes, and Peiraikos is mentioned by Pliny the Elder as a Hellenistic panel painter of "low" subjects, such as survive in mosaic versions and provincial wall-paintings at Pompeii: "barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects". Medieval illuminated manuscripts often illustrated scenes of everyday peasant life, especially in the Labours of the Months in the calendar section of books of hours, most famously the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. (Full article...)
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Oil painting reproductions are paintings that have been created by copying in oils an original oil painting by an artist.

Oil painting reproductions are distinct from original oil painting such as are often of interest to collectors and museums. Oil painting reproduction can, however, sometimes be regarded as artworks in themselves. (Full article...)
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The Peintres de la Réalité [pɛ͂tʀ də la ʀealite] (French for "Painters of Reality") were founded after the Second World War by Henri Cadiou to connect artists who were specialized on still life and genre motifs. It later evolved to the Mouvement trompe l'oeil / Réalité. The painting of the group is no reappearance of antiquity or of the 17th century, but the logical consequence of the place in the 20th century development of a realism that has taken over the sequence of surrealism to the modern trompe-l'œil to lead.

1973, the group exhibited at the Cultural Center of New York and the Corcoran Gallery in Washington. In 1989, after the death of Henri Cadiou, Pierre Gilou continued his father's work within the group. In 1993, the group had a sensational success as part of the Grand Palais in Paris, the exhibition "le triomphe du trompe-l'oeil" had more than 65,000 visitors in two weeks. (Full article...)

Técnicas de pintura seleccionadas.

Image 1
Rangoli , una forma popular de pinturas de arena indias , en Singapur .

La pintura con arena es el arte de verter arenas coloreadas y pigmentos en polvo de minerales o cristales, o pigmentos de otras fuentes naturales o sintéticas, sobre una superficie para hacer una pintura con arena fija o no. Las pinturas de arena sin fijar tienen una larga historia cultural establecida en numerosos grupos sociales de todo el mundo y, a menudo, son pinturas rituales temporales preparadas para ceremonias religiosas o curativas. Esta forma de arte también se conoce como pintura en seco.

La pintura en seco es practicada por los nativos americanos del suroeste de los Estados Unidos, por los monjes tibetanos y budistas, así como por los indígenas australianos y también por los latinoamericanos en ciertos días santos cristianos. ( Articulo completo... )
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An abandoned roof felt factory with graffiti in Santalahti, Tampere, Finland

Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire (see also mural).

Graffiti is a controversial subject. In most countries, marking or painting property without permission is considered by property owners and civic authorities as defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime, citing the use of graffiti by street gangs to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Graffiti has become visualized as a growing urban "problem" for many cities in industrialized nations, spreading from the New York City subway system and Philadelphia in the early 1970s to the rest of the United States and Europe and other world regions. (Full article...)
Image 3
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1565, 24 cm × 34 cm (9.4 in × 13.4 in)

Grisaille (/ɡrɪˈzaɪ/ or /ɡrɪˈzeɪl/; French: grisaille, lit. 'greyed' French pronunciation: [ɡʁizaj], from gris 'grey') is a painting executed entirely in shades of grey or of another neutral greyish colour. It is particularly used in large decorative schemes in imitation of sculpture. Many grisailles include a slightly wider colour range.

A grisaille may be executed for its own sake, as an underpainting for an oil painting (in preparation for glazing layers of colour over it) or as a model from which an engraver may work (as was done by Rubens and his school). Full colouring of a subject makes many demands of an artist, and working in grisaille was often chosen as it may be quicker and cheaper than traditional painting, although the effect was sometimes deliberately chosen for aesthetic reasons. Grisaille paintings resemble the drawings, normally in monochrome, that artists from the Renaissance on were trained to produce; as with drawings, grisaille can betray the hand of a less-talented assistant more easily than would a fully coloured painting. (Full article...)
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Imprimatura for plein air studies

In painting, imprimatura is an initial stain of color painted on a ground. It provides a painter with a transparent, toned ground, which will allow light falling onto the painting to reflect through the paint layers. The term itself stems from the Italian and literally means "first paint layer". Its use as an underpainting layer can be dated back to the guilds and workshops during the Middle Ages; however, it came into standard use by painters during the Renaissance, particularly in Italy.

The imprimatura not only provides an overall tonal optical unity in a painting but is also useful in the initial stages of the work, since it helps the painter establish value relations from dark to light. It is most useful in the classical approach of indirect painting, where the drawing and underpainting are established ahead of time and allowed to dry. The successive layers of color are then applied in transparent glaze or semi-transparent layers. (Full article...)
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Captain Joseph – Chinese reverse glass painting from c. 1785 – 1789.

Reverse painting on glass is an art form consisting of applying paint to a piece of glass and then viewing the image by turning the glass over and looking through the glass at the image. Another term used to refer to the art of cold painting and gilding on the back of glass is verre églomisé, named after the French decorator Jean-Baptiste Glomy (1711–86), who framed prints using glass that had been reverse-painted. In German it is known as Hinterglasmalerei.

This art form has been around for many years. It was widely used for sacral paintings since the Middle Ages. The most famous was the art of icons in the Byzantine Empire. Later the painting on glass spread to Italy, where in Venice it influenced its Renaissance art. Since the middle of the 18th century, painting on glass became favored by the Church and the nobility throughout Central Europe. A number of clock faces were created using this technique in the early-to-mid-19th century. Throughout the 19th century painting on glass was widely popular as folk art in Austria, Bavaria, Moravia, Bohemia and Slovakia. Unfortunately, during the inter-war period (1914–1945) this traditional "naive" technique fell nearly to a complete oblivion and its methods of paint composition and structural layout had to be re-invented by combining acrylic and oil paints. A new method of reverse painting emerged using polymer glazing methods that permitted the artworks to be painted direct to an acrylic UV coating on the glass. The unique under glass effect retains a curious depth even though the layered painting on the glass was bonded to a final linen support and now stretcher bar mounted after being carefully removed from the original 'glass easel'. Current glass painting may disappear with the advent of using aerospace mylar as a preliminary support. (Full article...)
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Wall painted with Al-Qatt Al-Asiri

Al-Qatt Al-Asiri (also called nagash painting or majlis painting), is a style of Arabic art, typically painted by women in the entrance to a home. It originated in the 'Asir Region of Saudi Arabia where the front parlour of traditional Arab homes typically contained wall paintings in the form of a mural or fresco with geometric designs in bright colors. Called nagash in Arabic, the wall paintings are often considered a mark of pride. In 2017 Al-Qatt Al-Asiri was inscribed on UNESCO's list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. (Full article...)
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Shaped canvases are paintings that depart from the normal flat, rectangular configuration. Canvases may be shaped by altering their outline, while retaining their flatness. An ancient, traditional example is the tondo, a painting on a round panel or canvas: Raphael, as well as some other Renaissance painters, sometimes chose this format for madonna paintings. Alternatively, canvases may be altered by losing their flatness and assuming a three-dimensional surface. Or, they can do both. That is, they can assume shapes other than rectangles, and also have surface features that are three-dimensional. Arguably, changing the surface configuration of the painting transforms it into a sculpture. But shaped canvases are generally considered paintings.

Apart from any aesthetic considerations, there are technical matters, having to do with the very nature of canvas as a material, that tend to support the flat rectangle as the norm for paintings on canvas. (Full article...)
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Buon fresco (Italian for 'true fresh') is a fresco painting technique in which alkaline-resistant pigments, ground in water, are applied to wet plaster.

It is distinguished from the fresco-secco (or a secco) and finto fresco techniques, in which paints are applied to dried plaster. (Full article...)
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Xia Gui (Song dynasty) – Mountain Market- Clear with Rising Mist, one of the 8 scenes of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang, a favourite subject in the Chinese ink wash painting tradition, showing the variety of effects achievable with black ink.

A wash is a term for a visual arts technique resulting in a semi-transparent layer of colour. A wash of diluted ink or watercolor paint applied in combination with drawing is called pen and wash, wash drawing, or ink and wash. Normally only one or two colours of wash are used; if more colours are used the result is likely to be classified as a full watercolor painting.

The classic East Asian tradition of ink wash painting uses black ink in various levels of dilution. Historically associated with the four arts of the scholar-officials, the technique was often applied to landscapes in traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean painting. (Full article...)
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Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Iran, 16th century (Metropolitan Museum of Art)

Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimise the adherence of pollutants.

Glazing renders earthenware impermeable to water, sealing the inherent porosity of biscuit earthenware. It also gives a tougher surface. Glaze is also used on stoneware and porcelain. In addition to their functionality, glazes can form a variety of surface finishes, including degrees of glossy or matte finish and color. Glazes may also enhance the underlying design or texture either unmodified or inscribed, carved or painted. (Full article...)
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Graining is the practice of imitating wood grain on a non-wood surface, or on relatively undesirable wood surface, in order to give it the appearance of a rare or higher quality wood, thereby increase that surface's aesthetic appeal. Graining was common in the 19th century, as people were keen on imitating hard, expensive woods by applying a superficial layer of paint onto soft, inexpensive woods or other hard surfaces. Graining can be accomplished using either rudimentary tools or highly specialized tools. A specialized thick brush used for graining is often called a mottler. Fan brushes, floggers, softening brushes, texture combs and even fingers are used to create various effects. The painting is carried out in layers, with the first layer being a base. Today that is usually done with latex paint in a gold or orange or tan tone, depending on the type of wood the artist is aiming to imitat. A second layer of tempera or thinned paint is applied over the dry base, by means of a sponge or large inexpensive brush. During the 19th century, however, brushes were more commonly used. It can also be applied on bricks and brass, as is more common today.

Graining can also mean the production of any artificial texture on any surface. For example, in printing, making the smooth metal sheets used in modern printing processes coarse. A stoneworking equivalent of graining is marbling. (Full article...)
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An example of the drybrush technique using black acrylic paint on illustration board

Drybrush is a painting technique in which a paint brush that is relatively dry, but still holds paint, is used to create a drawing or painting. Load is applied to a dry support such as paper or primed canvas. The resulting brush strokes have a characteristic scratchy and textured look that lacks the smooth appearance that washes or blended paint commonly have. This technique can be used to achieve a blurred or soft appearance.

The technique of drybrush painting can be achieved with both water-based and oil-based media. With water-based media such as inks, acrylic paints, tempera paints or watercolor paints, the brush is usually dry or squeezed dry of all water. The brush is loaded with paint that is highly viscous or thick and then applied to a dry support. With other water-based media, the brush is loaded with paint and then squeezed dry. When using oil-based media,such as oil paint, similar techniques are used, although instead of water, the brush is used dry or any oil or solvent is removed. Because oil paint has a longer drying time than water-based media, brushing over or blending drybrush strokes is often avoided to preserve the distinctive look of the drybrush painting technique. (Full article...)
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Wucai plate, Chinese export porcelain, Kangxi period c. 1680

China painting, or porcelain painting, is the decoration of glazed porcelain objects such as plates, bowls, vases or statues. The body of the object may be hard-paste porcelain, developed in China in the 7th or 8th century, or soft-paste porcelain (often bone china), developed in 18th-century Europe. The broader term ceramic painting includes painted decoration on lead-glazed earthenware such as creamware or tin-glazed pottery such as maiolica or faience.

Typically the body is first fired in a kiln to convert it into a hard porous biscuit or bisque. Underglaze decoration may then be applied, followed by glaze, which is fired so it bonds to the body. The glazed porcelain may then be painted with overglaze decoration and fired again to bond the paint with the glaze. Most pieces use only one of underglaze or overglaze painting, the latter often being referred to as "enamelled". Decorations may be applied by brush or by stenciling, transfer printing and screen printing. (Full article...)
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Nōtan (濃淡) is a Japanese design concept involving the play and placement of light and dark elements as they are placed next to the other in the composition of art and imagery. (Full article...)
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Leaf painting is the process of painting with dyed leaves. Deriving from Japan, China or India, it became popular in Vietnam. Its two main forms are: Cutting and pasting dry leaf to make leaf paintings or using paint to draw onto the surface of dry leaf to make leaf paintings.

Every product is unique, quite different from the others because of the leaves' veins, the forms, and the colors before or after dying. (Full article...)
Image 16
French Atelier of Painters: titled "School of Fine Arts - Painter Workshop" (Ecole des Beaux-Arts - Atelier de Peintre)

An atelier (French: [atəlje]) is the private workshop or studio of a professional artist in the fine or decorative arts or an architect, where a principal master and a number of assistants, students, and apprentices can work together producing fine art or visual art released under the master's name or supervision.

Ateliers were the standard vocational practice for European artists from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, and common elsewhere in the world. In medieval Europe this way of working and teaching was often enforced by local guild regulations, such as those of the painters' Guild of Saint Luke, and of other craft guilds. Apprentices usually began working on simple tasks when young, and after some years with increasing knowledge and expertise became journeymen, before possibly becoming masters themselves. This master-apprentice system was gradually replaced as the once powerful guilds declined, and the academy became a favored method of training. However, many professional artists continued using students and assistants as they had been in ateliers; sometimes the artist paid the student-assistants, while sometimes they paid the artist fees to learn. (Full article...)
Image 17
Overspray refers to the application of any form of paint, varnish, stain or other non-water-soluble airborne particulate material onto an unintended location. This concept is most commonly encountered in graffiti, auto detailing, and when commercial paint jobs drift onto unintended objects. (Full article...)
Image 18
Marouflage is a technique for affixing a painted canvas (intended as a mural) to a wall, using an adhesive that hardens as it dries, such as plaster or cement. (Full article...)
Image 19
Rose painting with floral paintings in a traditional design

Rose-painting, rosemaling, rosemåling or rosmålning is a Scandinavian decorative folk painting that flourished from the 1700s to the mid-1800s, particularly in Norway. In Sweden, rose-painting began to be called dalmålning, c. 1901, for the region Dalecarlia where it had been most popular and kurbits, in the 1920s, for a characteristic trait, but in Norway the old name still predominates beside terms for local variants. Rose-painting was used to decorate church walls and ceilings. It then spread to wooden items commonly used in daily life, such as ale bowls, stools, chairs, cupboards, boxes, and trunks. Using stylized ornamentation made up of fantasy flowers, scrollwork, fine line work, flowing patterns and sometimes geometric elements give rose-painting its unique feel. Some paintings may include landscapes and architectural elements. Rose-painting also utilizes other decorative painting techniques such as glazing, spattering, marbleizing, manipulating the paint with the fingers or other objects. Regional styles of rose-painting developed, and some varied only slightly from others, while others may be noticeably distinct. (Full article...)
Image 20
Mischtechnik or mixed technique is a term spanning various methods of layering paint, including the usage of different substances. The term gained popularity after Max Doerner's 1921 book The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting: With Notes on the Techniques of the Old Masters However, Doerner made some conclusions about the usage by painters and Mischtechnik which today are no longer considered completely accurate. (Full article...)
Image 21
In art, an underpainting is an initial layer of paint applied to a ground, which serves as a base for subsequent layers of paint. Underpaintings are often monochromatic and help to define color values for later painting. Underpainting gets its name because it is painting that is intended to be painted over (see overpainting) in a system of working in layers.

There are several different types of underpainting, such as veneda, verdaccio, morellone, imprimatura and grisaille. The different types have different colourings. Grisaille is plain grey. Verdaccio is a grey tending towards yellow or green that brings out more luminous tones, while imprimatura uses earth tones. (Full article...)
Image 22
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1565, 24 cm × 34 cm (9.4 in × 13.4 in)

Grisaille (/ɡrɪˈzaɪ/ or /ɡrɪˈzeɪl/; French: grisaille, lit. 'greyed' French pronunciation: [ɡʁizaj], from gris 'grey') is a painting executed entirely in shades of grey or of another neutral greyish colour. It is particularly used in large decorative schemes in imitation of sculpture. Many grisailles include a slightly wider colour range.

A grisaille may be executed for its own sake, as an underpainting for an oil painting (in preparation for glazing layers of colour over it) or as a model from which an engraver may work (as was done by Rubens and his school). Full colouring of a subject makes many demands of an artist, and working in grisaille was often chosen as it may be quicker and cheaper than traditional painting, although the effect was sometimes deliberately chosen for aesthetic reasons. Grisaille paintings resemble the drawings, normally in monochrome, that artists from the Renaissance on were trained to produce; as with drawings, grisaille can betray the hand of a less-talented assistant more easily than would a fully coloured painting. (Full article...)
Image 23
A glaze is a thin transparent or semi-transparent layer on a painting which modifies the appearance of the underlying paint layer. Glazes can change the chroma, value, hue and texture of a surface. Glazes consist of a great amount of binding medium in relation to a very small amount of pigment. Drying time will depend on the amount and type of paint medium used in the glaze. The medium, base, or vehicle is the mixture to which the dry pigment is added. Different media can increase or decrease the rate at which oil paints dry.

Often, because a paint is too opaque, painters will add a medium like linseed oil or alkyd to the paint to make them more transparent and pliable for the purposes of glazing. While these media are usually liquids, there are solid and semi-solid media used in the making of paints as well. For example, many classical oil painters have also been known to use ground glass and semi-solid resins to increase the translucency of their paint. (Full article...)
Image 24
Ombré: black to blue

Ombré /ˈɒmbreɪ/ (literally "shaded" in French) is the blending of one color hue to another, usually moving tints and shades from light to dark. It has become a popular feature for hair coloring, nail art, and even baking, in addition to its uses in home decorating and graphic design.

In contrast to ombré, sombré is a much softer and gradual shading of one color to another. (Full article...)
Image 25
The Loves of the Gods, in the Palazzo Farnese, by Annibale Carracci, a renowned example of quadro riportati

Quadro riportato (plural quadri riportati) is the Italian phrase for "carried picture" or "transported paintings". It is used in art to describe gold-framed easel paintings or framed paintings that are seen in a normal perspective and painted into a fresco. The final effect is similar to illusionism, but the latter encompasses painted statues, reliefs and tapestries.

The ceiling is intended to look as if a framed painting has been placed overhead; there is no illusionistic foreshortening, figures appearing as if they were to be viewed at normal eye level. Mengs' Parnassus (1761) in the Villa Albani (now Villa Albani-Torlonia) is a famous example — a Neoclassical criticism against Baroque illusionism. Often, however, quadri riportati were combined with illusionistic elements, as in Annibale Carracci's Farnese Ceiling (1597–1600) in Rome. (Full article...)

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Imágenes generales

Las siguientes son imágenes de varios artículos relacionados con la pintura en Wikipedia.

Image 1Giorgio de Chirico 1914, presurrealismo (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 2La Impresión de Claude Monet de 1872 , Amanecer, inspiró el nombre del movimiento (de Pintura )
Image 3Max Beckmann , La noche (Die Nacht) , 1918-1919, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen , Düsseldorf (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 4Jean Metzinger , La danse (Bacchante) ( c. 1906 ), óleo sobre lienzo, 73 x 54 cm, Museo Kröller-Müller (de Pintura )
Image 5Diosa Madre Una pintura en miniatura de estilo Pahari , que data del siglo XVIII. Las miniaturas de Pahari y Rajput comparten muchas características comunes. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 6Piet Mondrian , Composición en rojo, amarillo, azul y negro (1921), Gemeentemuseum Den Haag (de Pintura )
Image 7Lascaux , Uros ( Bos primigenius primigenius ) (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 8Pintura rupestre prehistórica de uros ( francés : Bos primigenius primigenius ), Lascaux , Francia (de Pintura )
Image 9Patrick Henry Bruce , modernismo americano , 1924 (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 10Krishna y Radha , podría ser obra de Nihâl Chand , maestro de la escuela de Pintura Rajput de Kishangarh (de Pintura )
Image 11Juan Luna , La vida parisina , 1892 (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 12Petroglifos , de Suecia, Edad del Bronce Nórdica (pintados) (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 13Yun Bing , Hoja de Álbum (siglo XVII), tinta y color sobre papel (de Pintura )
Image 14Andreas Achenbach , Clearing Up, Costa de Sicilia (1847), Museo de Arte Walters (de Pintura )
Image 15El Buda Sakyamuni , de Zhang Shengwen , 1173-1176 d. C., período de la dinastía Song . (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 16Una vasija china pintada de la era Han occidental (202 a. C. - 9 d. C.) (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 17Pintura en seda que representa a un hombre montado en un dragón , pintura sobre seda , que data del siglo V al III a. C., período de los Reinos Combatientes , de la Tumba de Zidanku núm. 1 en Changsha , provincia de Hunan (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 18Eland , pintura rupestre , Drakensberg , Sudáfrica (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 19Morgan Russell , Sincromía cósmica (1913-14), Sincromismo (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 20La cueva Pettakere tiene más de 44.000 años, Maros , Sulawesi del Sur , Indonesia (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 21Piet Mondrian , "Composición nº 10" 1939-1942, De Stijl (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 22Ray Burggraf , Jungle Arc (1998), pintura acrílica sobre madera (de Pintura )
Image 23Mañana de primavera en el Palacio Han , del artista de la era Ming Qiu Ying (1494-1552 d. C.) (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 24 Pintura mural funeraria griega helenística de terracota , siglo III a. C. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 25Bharat Mata de Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), sobrino del poeta Rabindranath Tagore y pionero del movimiento (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 26Diego Rivera , Recreación del hombre en la encrucijada (rebautizada como Hombre, Controlador del Universo ), creada originalmente en 1934, movimiento muralista mexicano (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 27Honoré Daumier , El pintor (1808–1879), óleo sobre tabla con pinceladas visibles (de Pintura )
Image 28Pintura rupestre española de Toros (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 29Lascaux , Caballo (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 30Rembrandt van Rijn , La novia judía , ca. 1665-1669 (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 31Khan Bahadur Khan con hombres de su clan, c. 1815, del álbum Fraser, estilo de empresa (de pintura )
Image 32Joven madre cosiendo , Mary Cassatt (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 33Chen Hongshou (1598–1652), Pintura del álbum de hojas ( dinastía Ming ) (de Pintura )
Image 34Sandro Botticelli , El nacimiento de Venus , Temple (1485-1486) (de Pintura )
Image 35Nino Pisano , Apeles o el arte de pintar en detalle (1334-1336); Relieve del campanario de Giotto en Florencia , Italia
Image 36El bautismo de Cristo en una pintura nubia medieval de la antigua Dongola (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 37Brice Marden , 1966/1986, Pintura monocromática (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 38Juan Luna , La Bulaqueña , 1895 (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 39Cueva de las Manos en la provincia de Santa Cruz en Argentina, c. 7300 aC (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 40Abrigos rupestres de Bhimbetka , pintura rupestre , Edad de Piedra , India (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 41Henri Matisse 1909, fauvismo tardío (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 42Nísperos y Pájaro de Montaña , artista anónimo de la dinastía Song del Sur ; Las pinturas en estilo álbum de hojas como ésta fueron populares en los Song del Sur (1127-1279). (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 43John Martin , Manfred en el Jungfrau (1837), acuarela (de Pintura )
Image 44Marcel Duchamp , Desnudo bajando una escalera, n.º 2 , 1912, Museo de Arte de Filadelfia (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 45Barnett Newman , Grabado sin título 1 (Primera versión) , 1968, Minimalismo (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 46Edvard Munch , 1893, primer ejemplo de expresionismo (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 47Abrigos rupestres de Bhimbetka , pintura rupestre , Edad de Piedra , India (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 48Francisco de Zurbarán , Naturaleza muerta con vasijas de cerámica ( español : Bodegón de recipientes ) (1636), óleo sobre lienzo, 46 x 84 cm, Museo del Prado , Madrid (de Pintura )
Image 49Ned Bittinger , Retrato de Abraham Lincoln en el Congreso (2004), Capitolio de Estados Unidos (de Pintura )
Image 50Edward Hopper , Nighthawks , 1942, una pintura de escena americana (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 51Gwion Pinturas rupestres de Gwion encontradas en la región noroeste de Kimberley en Australia Occidental c. 15.000 a.C. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 52Paul Klee , 1922, Bauhaus (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 53Reza Abbasi , Dos amantes (1630) (de Pintura )
Image 54Rudolf Reschreiter, Blick von der Höllentalangerhütte zum Höllentalgletscher und den Riffelwandspitzen , Gouache (1921) (de Pintura )
Image 55Un fresco que muestra a Hades y Perséfone montando en un carro , de la tumba de la reina Eurídice I de Macedonia en Vergina , Grecia, siglo IV a.C. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 56Dos escribas sentados con libros y una mesa de escritura Fragmento de un margen decorativo Norte de la India (escuela mogol), ca. 1640-1650 (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 57Plantillas de manos en la pintura rupestre "Árbol de la vida" en Gua Tewet, Kalimantan , Indonesia (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 58Emperador Qianlong practicando caligrafía , mediados del siglo XVIII. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 59La pintura figurativa más antigua conocida es una representación de un toro que fue descubierta en la cueva Lubang Jeriji Saléh en Indonesia . Fue pintado hace entre 40.000 y 52.000 años o antes. (de Pintura )
Image 60Un retrato evangelista etíope iluminado de Marcos el evangelista , de los evangelios etíopes de Garima , siglo VI d. C., Reino de Aksum (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 61Sesshū Tōyō , Paisajes de las cuatro estaciones (1486), tinta y color claro sobre papel (de Pintura )
Image 62Grant Wood , 1930, realismo social (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 63Ángel Blanco (fresco, c. 1235), monasterio de Mileševa, Serbia (de Pintura )
Image 64Max Ernst , 1920, surrealismo temprano (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 65Lascaux , Toros y Caballos (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 66Pintora sentada en un taburete y pintando una estatua de Dioniso o Príapo en un panel sostenido por un niño. Fresco de Pompeya , siglo I (de Pintura )
Image 67Pictografías de la Gran Galería, Parque Nacional Canyonlands, Horseshoe Canyon , Utah , c. 1500 a. C. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 68Wayang beber , siglo XVII (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 69En la cueva Chauvet se pintó una representación artística de un grupo de rinocerontes hace entre 30.000 y 32.000 años. (de Pintura )
Image 70Período Muromachi , Shingei (1431–1485), Viendo una cascada , Museo Nezu, Tokio. (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 71Joan Miró , Caballo, pipa y flor roja , 1920, Surrealismo abstracto, Museo de Arte de Filadelfia (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 72Mona Lisa (1503-1517) de Leonardo da Vinci es una de las pinturas más reconocibles del mundo. (de Pintura )
Image 73Libro de Horas (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 74Icono encáustico del Monasterio de Santa Catalina , Egipto (siglo VI) (de Pintura )
Image 75Liang Kai , Borracho Celestial (siglo XII), tinta sobre papel Xuan (de Pintura )
Image 76Otto Marseus van Schrieck , Naturaleza muerta en el suelo del bosque (1666) (de Pintura )
Image 77Georges Seurat , Circus Sideshow ( francés : Parade de cirque ) (1887–88)
Image 78Maurice Quentin de La Tour , Retrato de Luis XV de Francia (1748), pastel (de Pintura )
Image 79Jean de Court (atribuido), plato de esmalte de Limoges pintado en detalle (mediados del siglo XVI), Legado de Waddesdon , Museo Británico (de Pintura )
Image 80El Padre Eterno pintando a la Virgen de Guadalupe . Atribuido a Joaquín Villegas (1713 – activo en 1753) (mexicano) (pintor, Museo Nacional de Arte . (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 81Francis Picabia , (izquierda) Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce retrato , 1 de julio de 1915; (centro) Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine dans l'état de nudité , 5 de julio de 1915: (derecha) J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! ¡De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin , Nueva York, 1915 (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 82Pintura de Mysore del siglo XIX de la diosa Saraswathi (de Pintura )
Image 83Pierre Bonnard , 1913, pintura narrativa modernista europea (de Historia de la pintura )
Image 84Un fresco de la Cueva 1 de Ajanta. (de Historia de la pintura )

En las noticias

15 de febrero de 2024 –: Once personas mueren y cuatro más resultan heridas durante un incendio en una fábrica de pintura en Nueva Delhi , India . (AP)
4 de febrero de 2024 – 66a Entrega Anual de los Premios Grammy: Taylor Swift gana Álbum del Año por Midnights , convirtiéndose en el primer artista en ganar el premio cuatro veces. También anuncia el lanzamiento de un nuevo álbum, The Tortured Poets Department , el 19 de abril de 2024. (Variedad)
28 enero 2024 –: Manifestantes ambientalistas arrojan sopa de calabaza a la Mona Lisa en el Louvre en París , Francia . La pintura está protegida por un cristal antibalas y no sufrió daños. (Noticias de la BBC)