Annual prize by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Award
The MacArthur Fellows Program , also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and colloquially called the "Genius Grant ",[a] is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to typically between 20 and 30 individuals working in any field who have shown "extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction" and are citizens or residents of the United States .[5]
According to the foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishments but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential", but it also says such potential is "based on a track record of significant accomplishments". The current prize is $800,000 paid over five years in quarterly installments. Previously, it was $625,000. This figure was increased from $500,000 in 2013 with the release of a review[6] of the MacArthur Fellows Program. The award has been called "one of the most significant awards that is truly 'no strings attached' ".[7]
The program does not accept applications. Anonymous and confidential nominations are invited by the foundation and reviewed by an anonymous and confidential selection committee of about a dozen people. The committee reviews all nominees and recommends recipients to the president and board of directors . Most new fellows first learn of their nomination and award upon receiving a congratulatory phone call. MacArthur Fellow Jim Collins described this experience in an editorial column of The New York Times .[3]
Marlies Carruth is the program's current director.[8]
Recipients As of 2023, since 1981, 1131 people have been named MacArthur Fellows,[9] ranging in age from 18 to 82.[10]
In the five broad categories defined by the foundation, the breakdown for recipient focus is as follows: Arts 336; Humanities 170; Public Issues 257; STEM 335; and Social Sciences 120.[9]
Of the 965 terminal degrees earned by 928 fellows during the period 1981 through 2018, 540 (56%) are doctorates, with the Ph.D. accounting for 514 (53.3%). Ivy league schools awarded 306 (31.7%) degrees to 300 (32.3%) fellows.[11] [12]
The award is made to individuals of varying educational background but among the 1131 fellowship awards through the class of 2023, the following ten institutions have the most alumni fellows, with Harvard University having the most overall and the California Institute of Technology having the most per capita.[9] [13] [14]
1981 Robert Penn Warren A. R. Ammons , poetJoseph Brodsky , poetJohn Cairns , molecular biologistGregory V. Chudnovsky , mathematicianJoel E. Cohen , population biologistRobert Coles , child psychiatristRichard Critchfield , essayistShelly Errington , cultural anthropologistHoward Gardner , psychologistHenry Louis Gates Jr. , literary criticJohn Gaventa , sociologistMichael Ghiselin , evolutionary biologistStephen Jay Gould , paleontologistIan Graham , archaeologistDavid Hawkins , philosopherJohn P. Holdren , arms control and energy analystAda Louise Huxtable , architectural critic and historianJohn Imbrie , climatologistRobert Kates , geographerRaphael Carl Lee , surgeonElma Lewis , arts educatorCormac McCarthy , writerBarbara McClintock , geneticistJames Alan McPherson , short story writer and essayistRoy P. Mottahedeh , historianRichard C. Mulligan , molecular biologistDouglas D. Osheroff , physicistElaine H. Pagels , historian of religionDavid Pingree , historian of sciencePaul G. Richards , seismologistRobert Root-Bernstein , biologist and historian of scienceRichard Rorty , philosopherLawrence Rosen , attorney and anthropologistCarl Emil Schorske , intellectual historianLeslie Marmon Silko , writerJoseph Hooton Taylor Jr. , astrophysicistDerek Walcott , poet and playwrightRobert Penn Warren , poet, novelist, and literary criticStephen Wolfram , computer scientist and physicist[15] Michael Woodford , economistGeorge Zweig , physicist and neurobiologist[16]
1982 Frank Wilczek Fouad Ajami , political scientistCharles A. Bigelow , type designerPeter Robert Lamont Brown , historianRobert Darnton , European historianPersi Diaconis , statisticianWilliam Gaddis , novelistVed Mehta , writerBob Moses , educator and philosopherRichard A. Muller , geologist and astrophysicistConlon Nancarrow , composerAlfonso Ortiz , cultural anthropologistFrancesca Rochberg , Assyriologist and historian of scienceCharles Sabel , political scientist and legal scholarRalph Shapey , composer and conductorMichael Silverstein , linguistRandolph Whitfield Jr. , ophthalmologistFrank Wilczek , physicistFrederick Wiseman , documentary filmmakerEdward Witten , physicist, creator of the M-Theory[17]
1983 John Sayles R. Stephen Berry , physical chemistSeweryn Bialer , political scientistWilliam C. Clark , ecologist and environmental policy analystPhilip D. Curtin , historian of AfricaWilliam H. Durham , biological anthropologistBradley Efron , statisticianDavid L. Felten , neuroscientistRandall W. Forsberg , political scientist and arms control strategistAlexander L. George , political scientistShelomo Dov Goitein , medieval historianMott T. Greene , historian of scienceJames E. Gunn , astronomerRamón A. Gutiérrez , historianJohn J. Hopfield , physicist and biologistBéla Julesz , psychologistWilliam Kennedy , novelistLeszek Kołakowski , historian of philosophy and religionSylvia A. Law , human rights lawyerBrad Leithauser , poet and writerLawrence W. Levine , historianRalph Manheim , translatorRobert K. Merton , historian and sociologist of scienceWalter F. Morris Jr. , cultural preservationistCharles S. Peskin , mathematician and physiologistA.K. Ramanujan , poet, translator, and literary scholarAlice M. Rivlin , economist and policy analystJulia Robinson , mathematicianJohn Sayles , filmmaker and writerRichard M. Schoen , mathematicianPeter Sellars , theater and opera directorKaren K. Uhlenbeck , mathematician[18] Adrian Wilson , book designer, printer, and book historianIrene J. Winter , art historian and archaeologistMark S. Wrighton , chemist[19]
1984 Michael H. Freedman George W. Archibald , ornithologistShelly Bernstein, pediatric hematologist Peter J. Bickel , statisticianErnesto J. Cortes Jr. , community organizerWilliam Drayton , public service innovatorSidney Drell , physicist and arms policy analystMitchell J. Feigenbaum , mathematical physicistMichael H. Freedman , mathematicianCurtis G. Hames , family physicianRobert Hass , poet, critic, and translatorShirley Heath , linguistic anthropologistJ. Bryan Hehir , religion and foreign policy scholarBette Howland , writer and literary criticBill Irwin , clown, writer, and performance artistRobert Irwin , light and space artistRuth Prawer Jhabvala , novelist and screenwriterFritz John , mathematicianGalway Kinnell , poetHenry Kraus , labor and art historianPaul Oskar Kristeller , intellectual historian and philosopherSara Lawrence-Lightfoot , educatorHeather Lechtman , materials scientist and archaeologistMichael Lerner , public health leader[20] Andrew W. Lewis , medieval historianArnold J. Mandell , neuroscientist and psychiatristPeter Mathews , archaeologist and epigrapherMatthew Meselson , geneticist and arms control analystDavid R. Nelson , physicistBeaumont Newhall , historian of photographyRoger S. Payne , zoologist and conservationistMichael Piore , economistEdward V. Roberts , disability rights leaderJudith N. Shklar , political philosopherCharles Simic , poet, translator, and essayistElliot Sperling , Tibetan studies scholarDavid Stuart , linguist and epigrapherFrank Sulloway , psychologistJohn E. Toews , intellectual historianAlar Toomre , astronomer and mathematicianJames Turrell , light sculptorAmos Tversky , cognitive scientistBret Wallach , geographerJay Weiss , psychologistArthur Winfree , physiologist and mathematicianJ. Kirk Varnedoe , art historianCarl R. Woese , molecular biologist[21] Billie Young , community development leader[22]
1985 Marian Wright Edelman Joan Abrahamson , community development leaderJohn Ashbery , poetJohn F. Benton , medieval historianHarold Bloom , literary criticValery Chalidze , physicist and human rights organizerWilliam Cronon , environmental historianMerce Cunningham , choreographerJared Diamond , environmental historian and geographerMarian Wright Edelman , Children's Defense Fund founderMorton Halperin , political scientistRobert M. Hayes , lawyer and human rights leaderEdwin Hutchins , cognitive scientistSam Maloof , professional woodworker and furniture makerAndrew McGuire , trauma prevention specialistPatrick Noonan , conservationistGeorge Oster , mathematical biologistThomas G. Palaima , classicistPeter Raven , botanistJane S. Richardson , biochemistGregory Schopen , historian of religionFranklin Stahl , geneticistJ. Richard Steffy , nautical archaeologistEllen Stewart , theater directorPaul Taylor , choreographer, dance company founderShing-Tung Yau , mathematician[23]
1986 Jack Horner Paul Adams , neurobiologistMilton Babbitt , composer and music theoristChristopher Beckwith , philologistRichard Benson , photographerLester R. Brown , agricultural economistCaroline Bynum , medieval historianWilliam A. Christian , historian of religionNancy Farriss , historianBenedict Gross , mathematicianDaryl Hine , poet and translatorJohn Robert Horner , paleobiologistThomas C. Joe, social policy analyst David Keightley , historian and sinologistAlbert J. Libchaber , physicistDavid C. Page , molecular geneticistGeorge Perle , composer and music theoristJames Randi , magicianDavid Rudovsky , civil rights lawyerRobert Shapley , neurophysiologistLeo Steinberg , art historianRichard P. Turco , atmospheric scientistThomas Whiteside , journalistAllan C. Wilson , biochemistJay Wright , poet and playwrightCharles Wuorinen , composer[24]
1987 Robert Sapolsky Walter Abish , writerRobert Axelrod , political scientistRobert F. Coleman , mathematicianDouglas Crase , poetDaniel Friedan , physicistDavid Gross , physicistIra Herskowitz , molecular geneticistIrving Howe , literary and social criticWesley Charles Jacobs Jr. , rural plannerPeter Jeffery , musicologistHorace Freeland Judson , historian of scienceStuart Alan Kauffman , evolutionary biologistRichard Kenney , poetEric Lander , geneticist and mathematicianMichael Malin , geologist and planetary scientistDeborah W. Meier , education reform leaderArnaldo Dante Momigliano , historianDavid Mumford , mathematicianTina Rosenberg , journalistDavid Rumelhart , cognitive scientist and psychologistRobert Morris Sapolsky , neuroendocrinologist and primatologistMeyer Schapiro , art historianJohn H. Schwarz , physicistJon Seger , evolutionary ecologistStephen Shenker , physicistDavid Dean Shulman , historian of religionMuriel S. Snowden , community organizerMark Strand , poet and writerMay Swenson , poetHuỳnh Sanh Thông , translator and editorWilliam Julius Wilson , sociologistRichard Wrangham , primate ethologist[25]
1988 Max Roach Charles Archambeau , geophysicistMichael Baxandall , art historianRuth Behar , cultural anthropologistRan Blake , composer and pianistCharles Burnett , filmmakerPhilip James DeVries , insect biologistAndre Dubus , writerHelen T. Edwards , physicistJon H. Else , documentary filmmakerJohn G. Fleagle , primatologist and paleontologistCornell H. Fleischer , Middle Eastern historianGetatchew Haile , philologist and linguistRaymond Jeanloz , geophysicistMarvin Philip Kahl , zoologistNaomi Pierce , biologistThomas Pynchon , novelistStephen J. Pyne , environmental historianMax Roach , drummer and jazz composerHipolito (Paul) Roldan , community developerAnna Curtenius Roosevelt , archaeologistDavid Alan Rosenberg , military historianSusan Irene Rotroff , archaeologistBruce Schwartz , figurative sculptor and puppeteerRobert Shaw , physicistJonathan Spence , historianNoel M. Swerdlow , historian of scienceGary A. Tomlinson , musicologistAlan Walker , paleontologistEddie Williams ,[26] policy analyst and civil rights leaderRita P. Wright , archaeologistGarth Youngberg , agriculturalist[27]
1989 Errol Morris Anthony Amsterdam , attorney and legal scholarByllye Avery , women's healthcare leaderAlvin Bronstein , human rights lawyerLeo Buss , evolutionary biologistJay Cantor , writerGeorge Davis, environmental policy analyst Allen Grossman , poetJohn Harbison , composer and conductorKeith Hefner , journalist and educatorRalf Hotchkiss , rehabilitation engineerJohn Rice Irwin , curator and cultural preservationistDaniel Janzen , ecologistBernice Johnson Reagon , music historian, composer, and vocalistAaron Lansky , cultural preservationistJennifer Moody , archaeologist and anthropologistErrol Morris , filmmakerVivian Paley , educator and writerRichard Powers , novelistMartin Puryear , sculptorTheodore Rosengarten , historianMargaret W. Rossiter , historian of scienceGeorge Russell , composer and music theoristPam Solo , arms control analystEllendea Proffer Teasley , translator and publisherClaire Van Vliet , book artistBaldemar Velasquez , farm labor leaderBill Viola , video artistEliot Wigginton , educatorPatricia Wright , primatologist[28]
1990 Paul Ehrlich John Christian Bailar , biostatisticianMartha Clarke , theater directorJacques d'Amboise , dance educatorGuy Davenport , writer, critic, and translatorLisa Delpit , education reform leaderJohn Eaton , composerPaul R. Ehrlich , population biologistCharlotte Erickson , historianLee Friedlander , photographerMargaret Geller , astrophysicistJorie Graham , poetPatricia Hampl , writerJohn Hollander , poet and literary criticThomas Cleveland Holt , social and cultural historianDavid Kazhdan , mathematicianCalvin King , land and farm development specialistM. A. R. Koehl , marine biologistNancy Kopell , mathematicianMichael Moschen , performance artistGary Nabhan , ethnobotanistSherry Ortner , anthropologistOtis Pitts, community development leader Yvonne Rainer , filmmaker and choreographerMichael Schudson , sociologistRebecca J. Scott , historianMarc Shell , scholarSusan Sontag , writer and cultural criticRichard Stallman , Free Software Foundation founder, copyleft concept inventorGuy Tudor, conservationist Maria Varela , community development leaderGregory Vlastos , classicist and philosopherKent Whealy , preservationistEric Wolf , anthropologistSidney Wolfe , physicianRobert Woodson , community development leaderJosé Zalaquett , human rights lawyer[29]
1991 Taylor Branch Jacqueline Barton , biophysical chemistPaul Berman , journalistJames Blinn , computer animatorTaylor Branch , social historianTrisha Brown , choreographerMari Jo Buhle , American historianPatricia Churchland , philosopherDavid Donoho , statisticianSteven Feld , anthropologistAlice Fulton , poetGuillermo Gómez-Peña , writer and artistJerzy Grotowski , theater directorDavid Hammons , artistSophia Bracy Harris , child care leaderLewis Hyde , writerAli Akbar Khan , musicianSergiu Klainerman , mathematicianMartin Kreitman , geneticistHarlan Lane , psychologist and linguistWilliam Linder , community development leaderPatricia Locke , tribal rights leaderMark Morris , choreographer and dancerMarcel Ophüls , documentary filmmakerArnold Rampersad , biographer and literary criticGunther Schuller , composer, conductor, jazz historianJoel Schwartz , epidemiologistCecil Taylor , jazz pianist and composerJulie Taymor , theater directorDavid Werner , health care leaderJames Westphal , engineer and scientistEleanor Wilner , poet[30]
1992 Stephen Schneider Janet Benshoof , human rights lawyerRobert Blackburn , printmakerUnita Blackwell , civil rights leaderLorna Bourg , rural development leaderStanley Cavell , philosopherAmy Clampitt , poetIngrid Daubechies , mathematicianWendy Ewald , photographerIrving Feldman , poetBarbara Fields , historianRobert Hall , journalistAnn Ellis Hanson , historianJohn Henry Holland , computer scientistWes Jackson , agronomistEvelyn Keller , historian and philosopher of scienceSteve Lacy , saxophonist and composerSuzanne Lebsock , social historianSharon Long , plant biologistNorman Manea , writerPaule Marshall , writerMichael Massing , journalistRobert McCabe , educatorSusan Meiselas , photojournalistAmalia Mesa-Bains , artist and cultural criticStephen Schneider , climatologistJoanna Scott , writerJohn T. Scott , artistJohn Terborgh , conservation biologistTwyla Tharp , dancer and choreographerPhilip Treisman , mathematics educatorLaurel Thatcher Ulrich , historianGeerat J. Vermeij , evolutionary biologistGünter Wagner , developmental biologist[31]
1993 Amory Lovins Nancy Cartwright , philosopherDemetrios Christodoulou , mathematician and physicistMaria Crawford , geologistStanley Crouch , jazz critic and writerNora England , anthropological linguistPaul Farmer , medical anthropologistVictoria Foe , developmental biologistErnest Gaines , writerPedro Greer , physicianThom Gunn , poet and literary criticAnn Hamilton , artistSokoni Karanja , child and family development specialistAnn Lauterbach , poet and literary criticStephen Lee , chemistCarol Levine , AIDS policy specialistAmory Lovins , physicist and energy analystJane Lubchenco , marine biologistRuth Lubic , nurse and midwifeJim Powell , poet, translator, and literary criticMargie Profet , evolutionary biologistThomas Scanlon , philosopherAaron Shirley , health care leaderWilliam Siemering , journalist and radio producerEllen Silbergeld , toxicologistLeonard van der Kuijp , philologist and historianFrank von Hippel , arms control and energy analystJohn Edgar Wideman , writerHeather Williams , biologist and ornithologistMarion Williams , gospel music performerRobert H. Williams , physicist and energy analystHenry T. Wright , archaeologist and anthropologist[32]
1994 Ornette Coleman Robert Adams , photographerJeraldyne Blunden , choreographerAnthony Braxton , avant-garde composer and musicianRogers Brubaker , sociologistOrnette Coleman , jazz performer and composerIsrael Gelfand , mathematicianFaye Ginsburg , anthropologistHeidi Hartmann , economistBill T. Jones , dancer and choreographerPeter E. Kenmore , agricultural entomologistJoseph E. Marshall , educatorCarolyn McKecuen , economic development leaderDonella Meadows , writerArthur Mitchell , company director and choreographerHugo Morales , radio producerJanine Pease , educatorWillie Reale , theater arts educatorAdrienne Rich , poet and writerSam-Ang Sam , musician and cultural preservationistJack Wisdom , physicist[33]
1995 Octavia Butler Allison Anders , filmmakerJed Z. Buchwald , historianOctavia E. Butler , science fiction novelistSandra Cisneros , writer and poetSandy Close , journalistFrederick C. Cuny , disaster relief specialistSharon Emerson , biologistRichard Foreman , theater directorAlma Guillermoprieto , journalistVirginia Hamilton , writerDonald Hopkins , physicianSusan W. Kieffer , geologistElizabeth LeCompte , theater directorPatricia Nelson Limerick , historianMichael Marletta , chemistPamela Matson , ecologistSusan McClary , musicologistMeredith Monk , vocalist, composer, directorRosalind P. Petchesky , political scientistJoel Rogers , political scientistCindy Sherman , photographerBryan Stevenson , human rights lawyerNicholas Strausfeld , neurobiologistRichard White , historian[34]
1996 Anna Deavere Smith James Roger Prior Angel , astronomerJoaquin Avila , voting rights advocateAllan Bérubé , historianBarbara Block , marine biologistJoan Breton Connelly , classical archaeologistThomas Daniel , biologistMartin Daniel Eakes , economic development strategistRebecca Goldstein , writerRobert Greenstein , public policy analystRichard Howard , poet, translator, and literary criticJohn Jesurun , playwrightRichard Lenski , biologistLouis Massiah , documentary filmmakerVonnie McLoyd , developmental psychologistThylias Moss , poet and writerEiko Otake and Koma Otake , dancers, choreographersNathan Seiberg , physicistAnna Deavere Smith , playwright, journalist, actressDorothy Stoneman , educatorBill Strickland , art educator[35]
1997 David Foster Wallace Luis Alfaro , writer and performance artistLee Breuer , playwrightVija Celmins , artistEric Charnov , evolutionary biologistElouise P. Cobell , bankerPeter Galison , historianMark Harrington , AIDS researcherEva Harris , molecular biologistMichael Kremer , economistRussell Lande , biologistKerry James Marshall , artistNancy A. Moran , evolutionary biologist and ecologistHan Ong , playwrightKathleen Ross , educatorPamela Samuelson , copyright scholar and activistSusan Stewart , literary scholar and poetElizabeth Streb , dancer and choreographerTrimpin , sound sculptorLoïc Wacquant , sociologistKara Walker , artistDavid Foster Wallace , author and journalistAndrew Wiles , mathematicianBrackette Williams , anthropologist[36]
1998 Tim Berners-Lee Janine Antoni , artistIda Applebroog , artistEllen Barry , attorney and human rights activistTim Berners-Lee , inventor of the World Wide WebLinda Bierds , poetBernadette Brooten , historianJohn Carlstrom , astrophysicistMike Davis , historianNancy Folbre , economistAvner Greif , economistKun-Liang Guan , biochemistGary Hill , artistEdward Hirsch , poet, essayistAyesha Jalal , historianCharles R. Johnson , writerLeah Krubitzer , neuroscientistStewart Kwoh , human rights activistCharles Lewis , journalistWilliam W. McDonald , rancher and conservationistPeter N. Miller , historianDon Mitchell , cultural geographerRebecca Nelson , plant pathologistElinor Ochs , linguistic anthropologistIshmael Reed , poet, essayist, novelistBenjamin D. Santer , atmospheric scientistKarl Sims , computer scientist and artistDorothy Thomas , human rights activistLeonard Zeskind , human rights activistMary Zimmerman , playwright[37]
1999 Alison Des Forges Jillian Banfield , geologistCarolyn Bertozzi , chemistXu Bing , artist and printmakerBruce G. Blair , policy analystJohn Bonifaz , election lawyer and voting rights leaderShawn Carlson , science educatorMark Danner , journalistAlison L. Des Forges , human rights activistElizabeth Diller , architectSaul Friedländer , historianJennifer Gordon , lawyerDavid Hillis , biologistSara Horowitz , lawyerJacqueline Jones , historianLaura L. Kiessling , biochemistLeslie Kurke , classicistDavid Levering Lewis , biographer and historianJuan Maldacena , physicistGay J. McDougall , human rights lawyerCampbell McGrath , poetDenny Moore , anthropological linguistElizabeth Murray , artistPepón Osorio , artistRicardo Scofidio , architectPeter Shor , computer scientistEva Silverstein , physicistWilma Subra , scientistKen Vandermark , saxophonist, composerNaomi Wallace , playwrightJeffrey Weeks , mathematicianFred Wilson , artistOfelia Zepeda , linguist[38]
2000 Cecilia Muñoz Susan E. Alcock , archaeologistK. Christopher Beard , paleontologistLucy Blake , conservationistAnne Carson , poetPeter J. Hayes , energy policy activistDavid Isay , radio producerAlfredo Jaar , photographerBen Katchor , graphic novelistHideo Mabuchi , physicistSusan Marshall , choreographerSamuel Mockbee , architectCecilia Muñoz , civil rights policy analystMargaret Murnane , optical physicistLaura Otis , literary scholar and historian of scienceLucia M. Perillo , poetMatthew Rabin , economistCarl Safina , marine conservationistDaniel P. Schrag , geochemistSusan E. Sygall , civil rights leaderGina G. Turrigiano , neuroscientistGary Urton , anthropologistPatricia J. Williams , legal scholarDeborah Willis , historian of photography and photographerErik Winfree , computer and materials scientistHorng-Tzer Yau , mathematician[39]
2001 Lene Hau Andrea Barrett , writerChristopher Chyba , astrobiologistMichael Dickinson , fly biologist, bioengineerRosanne Haggerty , housing and community development leaderLene Hau , physicistDave Hickey , art criticStephen Hough , pianist and composerKay Redfield Jamison , psychologistSandra Lanham , pilot and conservationistIñigo Manglano-Ovalle , artistCynthia Moss , natural historianAihwa Ong , anthropologistDirk Obbink , classicist and papyrologistNorman R. Pace , biochemistSuzan-Lori Parks , playwrightBrooks Pate , physical chemistXiao Qiang , human rights leaderGeraldine Seydoux , molecular biologistBright Sheng , composerDavid Spergel , astrophysicistJean Strouse , biographerJulie Su , human rights lawyerDavid Wilson , museum founder[40]
2002 Colson Whitehead Danielle Allen , classicist and political scientistBonnie Bassler , molecular biologistAnn M. Blair , intellectual historianKatherine Boo , journalistPaul Ginsparg , physicistDavid B. Goldstein , energy conservation specialistKaren Hesse , writerJanine Jagger , epidemiologistDaniel Jurafsky , computer scientist and linguistToba Khedoori , artistLiz Lerman , choreographerGeorge E. Lewis , trombonistLiza Lou , artistEdgar Meyer , bassist and composerJack Miles , writer and Biblical scholarErik Mueggler , anthropologist and ethnographerSendhil Mullainathan , economistStanley Nelson , documentary filmmakerLee Ann Newsom , paleoethnobotanistDaniela L. Rus , computer scientistCharles C. Steidel , astronomerBrian Tucker , seismologistCamilo José Vergara , photographerPaul Wennberg , atmospheric chemistColson Whitehead , writer[41]
2003 Jim Yong Kim Guillermo Algaze , archaeologistJim Collins , biomedical engineerLydia Davis , writer and translatorErik Demaine , theoretical computer scientistCorinne Dufka , human rights researcherPeter Gleick , conservation analystOsvaldo Golijov , composerDeborah Jin , physicistAngela Johnson , writerTom Joyce , blacksmithSarah H. Kagan , gerontological nurseNed Kahn , artist and science exhibit designerJim Yong Kim , public health physicianNawal M. Nour , obstetrician and gynecologistLoren H. Rieseberg , botanistAmy Rosenzweig , biochemistPedro A. Sanchez , agronomistLateefah Simon , women's development leaderPeter Sís , illustratorSarah Sze , sculptorEve Troutt Powell , historianAnders Winroth , historianDaisy Youngblood , ceramic artistXiaowei Zhuang , biophysicist[42]
2004 C. D. Wright Angela Belcher , materials scientist and engineerGretchen Berland , physician and filmmakerJames Carpenter , artistJoseph DeRisi , biologistKatherine Gottlieb , health care leaderDavid Green , technology transfer innovatorAleksandar Hemon , writerHeather Hurst , archaeological illustratorEdward P. Jones , writerJohn Kamm , human rights activistDaphne Koller , computer scientistNaomi Leonard , engineerTommie Lindsey , school debate coachRueben Martinez , businessman and activistMaria Mavroudi , historianVamsi Mootha , physician and computational biologistJudy Pfaff , sculptorAminah Robinson , artistReginald Robinson , pianist and composerCheryl Rogowski , farmerAmy Smith , inventor and mechanical engineerJulie Theriot , microbiologistC. D. Wright , poet[43]
2005 Jonathan Lethem Marin Alsop , symphony conductorTed Ames , fisherman, conservationist, marine biologistTerry Belanger , rare book preservationistEdet Belzberg , documentary filmmakerMajora Carter , urban revitalization strategistLu Chen , neuroscientistMichael Cohen , pharmacistJoseph Curtin , violinmakerAaron Dworkin , music educatorTeresita Fernández , sculptorClaire Gmachl , quantum cascade laser engineerSue Goldie , physician and researcherSteven Goodman , conservation biologistPehr Harbury , biochemistNicole King , molecular biologistJon Kleinberg , computer scientistJonathan Lethem , novelistMichael Manga , geophysicistTodd Martinez , theoretical chemistJulie Mehretu , painterKevin M. Murphy , economistOlufunmilayo Olopade , clinician and researcherFazal Sheikh , photographerEmily Thompson , aural historianMichael Walsh , vehicle emissions specialist[44]
2006 Regina Carter David Carroll , naturalist author and illustratorRegina Carter , jazz violinistKenneth C. Catania , neurobiologistLisa Curran , tropical foresterKevin Eggan , biologistJim Fruchterman , technologist, CEO of Benetech Atul Gawande , surgeon and authorLinda Griffith , bioengineerVictoria Hale , CEO of OneWorld Health Adrian Nicole LeBlanc , journalist and authorDavid Macaulay , author and illustratorJosiah McElheny , sculptorD. Holmes Morton , physicianJohn A. Rich , physicianJennifer Richeson , social psychologistSarah Ruhl , playwrightGeorge Saunders , short story writerAnna Schuleit , commemorative artistShahzia Sikander , painterTerence Tao , mathematicianClaire J. Tomlin , aviation engineerLuis von Ahn , computer scientistEdith Widder , deep-sea explorerMatias Zaldarriaga , cosmologistJohn Zorn , composer and musician[45]
2007 Shen Wei Deborah Bial , education strategistPeter Cole , translator, poet, publisherLisa Cooper , public health physicianRuth DeFries , environmental geographerMercedes Doretti , forensic anthropologistStuart Dybek , short story writerMarc Edwards , water quality engineerMichael Elowitz , molecular biologistSaul Griffith , inventorSven Haakanson , Alutiiq curator, anthropologist, preservationistCorey Harris , blues musicianCheryl Hayashi , spider silk biologistMy Hang V. Huynh , chemistClaire Kremen , conservation biologistWhitfield Lovell , painter and installation artistYoky Matsuoka , neuroroboticistLynn Nottage , playwrightMark Roth , biomedical scientistPaul Rothemund , nanotechnologistJay Rubenstein , medieval historianJonathan Shay , clinical psychiatrist and classicistJoan Snyder , painterDawn Upshaw , vocalistShen Wei , choreographer[46]
2008 Regina Benjamin Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie , novelistWill Allen , urban farmerRegina Benjamin , rural family doctorKirsten Bomblies , evolutionary plant geneticistTara Donovan , artistAndrea Ghez , astrophysicistStephen D. Houston , anthropologistMary Jackson , weaver and sculptorLeila Josefowicz , violinistAlexei Kitaev , physicistWalter Kitundu , instrument maker and composerSusan Mango , developmental biologistDiane E. Meier , geriatricianDavid R. Montgomery , geomorphologistJohn Ochsendorf , engineer and architectural historianPeter Pronovost , critical care physicianAdam Riess , astrophysicistAlex Ross , music criticWafaa El-Sadr , infectious disease specialistNancy Siraisi , historian of medicineMarin Soljačić , optical physicistSally Temple , neuroscientistJennifer Tipton , stage lighting designerRachel Wilson , experimental neurobiologistMiguel Zenón , saxophonist and composer[47]
2009 Esther Duflo Lynsey Addario , photojournalistManeesh Agrawala , computer vision technologistTimothy Barrett , papermakerMark Bradford , mixed media artistEdwidge Danticat , novelistRackstraw Downes , painterEsther Duflo , economistDeborah Eisenberg , short story writerLin He , molecular biologistPeter Huybers , climate scientistJames Longley , filmmakerL. Mahadevan , applied mathematicianHeather McHugh , poetJerry Mitchell , investigative reporterRebecca Onie , health services innovatorRichard Prum , ornithologistJohn A. Rogers , applied physicistElyn Saks , mental health lawyerJill Seaman , infectious disease physicianBeth Shapiro , evolutionary biologistDaniel Sigman , biogeochemistMary Tinetti , geriatric physicianCamille Utterback , digital artistTheodore Zoli , bridge engineer[48]
2010 Annette Gordon-Reed Amir Abo-Shaeer , physics teacherJessie Little Doe Baird , Wampanoag language preservation and revivalKelly Benoit-Bird , marine biologistNicholas Benson , stone carverDrew Berry , biomedical animatorCarlos D. Bustamante , population geneticistMatthew Carter , type designerDavid Cromer , theater director and actorJohn Dabiri , biophysicistShannon Lee Dawdy , anthropologistAnnette Gordon-Reed , American historianYiyun Li , fiction writerMichal Lipson , optical physicistNergis Mavalvala , quantum astrophysicistJason Moran , jazz pianist and composerCarol Padden , sign language linguistJorge Pardo , installation artistSebastian Ruth , violist, violinist, and music educatorEmmanuel Saez , economistDavid Simon , author, screenwriter, and producerDawn Song , computer security specialistMarla Spivak , entomologistElizabeth Turk , sculptor[49]
2011 Shwetak Patel Jad Abumrad , radio host and producerMarie-Therese Connolly , elder rights lawyerRoland Fryer , economistJeanne Gang , architectElodie Ghedin , parasitologist and virologistMarkus Greiner , condensed matter physicistKevin Guskiewicz , sports medicine researcherPeter Hessler , long-form journalistTiya Miles , public historianMatthew Nock , clinical psychologistFrancisco Núñez , choral conductor and composerSarah Otto , evolutionary geneticistShwetak Patel , sensor technologist and computer scientistDafnis Prieto , jazz percussionist and composerKay Ryan , poetMelanie Sanford , organometallic chemistWilliam Seeley , neuropathologistJacob Soll , European historianA. E. Stallings , poet and translatorUbaldo Vitali , conservator and silversmithAlisa Weilerstein , cellistYukiko Yamashita , developmental biologist[50]
2012 Junot Díaz Natalia Almada , documentary filmmakerUta Barth , photographerClaire Chase , arts entrepreneur and flautistRaj Chetty , economistMaria Chudnovsky , mathematicianEric Coleman , geriatricianJunot Díaz , fiction writerDavid Finkel , journalistOlivier Guyon , optical physicist and astronomerElissa Hallem , neurobiologistAn-My Lê , photographerSarkis Mazmanian , medical microbiologistDinaw Mengestu , writerMaurice Lim Miller , social services innovatorDylan C. Penningroth , historianTerry Plank , geochemistLaura Poitras , documentary filmmakerNancy Rabalais , marine ecologistBenoît Rolland , stringed-instrument bow makerDaniel Spielman , computer scientistMelody Swartz , bioengineerChris Thile , mandolinist and composerBenjamin Warf , neurosurgeon[51]
2013 Tarell McCraney Kyle Abraham , choreographer and dancerDonald Antrim , writerPhil Baran , organic chemistC. Kevin Boyce , paleobotanistJeffrey Brenner , primary care physicianColin Camerer , behavioral economistJeremy Denk , pianist and writerAngela Duckworth , research psychologistCraig Fennie , materials scientistRobin Fleming , medieval historianCarl Haber , audio preservationistVijay Iyer , jazz pianist and composerDina Katabi , computer scientistJulie Livingston , public health historian and anthropologistDavid Lobell , agricultural ecologistTarell Alvin McCraney , playwrightSusan Murphy , statisticianSheila Nirenberg , neuroscientistAlexei Ratmansky , choreographerAna Maria Rey , atomic physicistKaren Russell , fiction writerSara Seager , astrophysicistMargaret Stock , immigration lawyerCarrie Mae Weems , photographer and video artist[52]
2014 Alison Bechdel Danielle Bassett , physicistAlison Bechdel , cartoonist and graphic memoiristMary L. Bonauto , civil rights lawyerTami Bond , environmental engineerSteve Coleman , jazz composer and saxophonistSarah Deer , legal scholar and advocateJennifer Eberhardt , social psychologistCraig Gentry , computer scientistTerrance Hayes , poetJohn Henneberger , housing advocateMark Hersam , materials scientistSamuel D. Hunter , playwrightPamela O. Long , historian of science and technologyRick Lowe , public artistJacob Lurie , mathematicianKhaled Mattawa , translator and poetJoshua Oppenheimer , documentary filmmakerAi-jen Poo , labor organizerJonathan Rapping , criminal lawyerTara Zahra , historian of modern EuropeYitang Zhang , mathematician[53]
2015 Ta-Nehisi Coates Patrick Awuah , education entrepreneurKartik Chandran , environmental engineer[54] Ta-Nehisi Coates , journalist and memoiristGary Cohen , environmental health advocateMatthew Desmond , sociologistWilliam Dichtel , chemistMichelle Dorrance , tap dancer and choreographerNicole Eisenman , painterLaToya Ruby Frazier , photographer and video artistBen Lerner , writerMimi Lien , set designer[55] Lin-Manuel Miranda , playwright, songwriter, and performerDimitri Nakassis , classicistJohn Novembre , computational biologistChristopher Ré , computer scientistMarina Rustow , historian[56] Juan Salgado, Chicago-based community leader Beth Stevens , neuroscientistLorenz Studer , stem-cell biologistAlex Truesdell , designer[57] Basil Twist , puppeteerEllen Bryant Voigt , poetHeidi Williams , economistPeidong Yang , inorganic chemist[58]
2016 Claudia Rankine Ahilan Arulanantham , human rights lawyerDaryl Baldwin , linguist and cultural preservationistAnne Basting , theater artist and educatorVincent Fecteau , sculptorBranden Jacobs-Jenkins , playwrightKellie Jones , art historian and curatorSubhash Khot , theoretical computer scientistJosh Kun , cultural historianMaggie Nelson , writerDianne Newman , microbiologistVictoria Orphan , geobiologistManu Prakash , physical biologist and inventorJosé A. Quiñonez , financial services innovatorClaudia Rankine , poetLauren Redniss , artist and writerMary Reid Kelley , video artistRebecca Richards-Kortum , bioengineerJoyce J. Scott , jewelry maker and sculptorSarah Stillman , long-form journalistBill Thies, computer scientist Julia Wolfe , composerGene Luen Yang , graphic novelistJin-Quan Yu , synthetic chemist[59]
2017 Jesmyn Ward Njideka Akunyili Crosby , painterSunil Amrith , historianGreg Asbed , human rights strategistAnnie Baker , playwrightRegina Barzilay , computer scientistDawoud Bey , photographerEmmanuel Candès , mathematician and statisticianJason De León , anthropologistRhiannon Giddens , musicianNikole Hannah-Jones , journalistCristina Jiménez Moreta , activistTaylor Mac , performance artistRami Nashashibi , community leaderViet Thanh Nguyen , writerKate Orff , landscape architectTrevor Paglen , artistBetsy Levy Paluck , psychologistDerek Peterson , historianDamon Rich , designer and urban plannerStefan Savage , computer scientistYuval Sharon , opera directorTyshawn Sorey , composerGabriel Victora , immunologistJesmyn Ward , writer[60]
2018 Doris Tsao Matthew Aucoin , composer and conductorJulie Ault , artist and curatorWilliam J. Barber II , pastorClifford Brangwynne , biophysical engineerNatalie Diaz , poetLivia S. Eberlin , chemistDeborah Estrin , computer scientistAmy Finkelstein , health economistGregg Gonsalves , global health advocateVijay Gupta , musicianBecca Heller , lawyerRaj Jayadev , community organizerTitus Kaphar , painterJohn Keene , writerKelly Link , writerDominique Morisseau , playwrightOkwui Okpokwasili , choreographerKristina Olson , psychologistLisa Parks , media scholarRebecca Sandefur , legal scholarAllan Sly , mathematicianSarah T. Stewart-Mukhopadhyay , geologistWu Tsang , filmmaker and performance artistDoris Tsao , neuroscientistKen Ward Jr. , investigative journalist[61]
2019 Lynda Barry Elizabeth S. Anderson , philosopherSujatha Baliga , attorney[62] Lynda Barry , cartoonistMel Chin , artistDanielle Citron , legal scholarLisa Daugaard , criminal justice reformerAnnie Dorsen , theater artistAndrea Dutton , paleoclimatologistJeffrey Gibson , artistMary Halvorson , guitaristSaidiya Hartman , literary scholarWalter Hood , public artistStacy Jupiter , marine scientistZachary Lippman , plant biologistValeria Luiselli , writerKelly Lytle Hernández , historianSarah Michelson , choreographerJeffrey Alan Miller , literary scholarJerry X. Mitrovica , theoretical geophysicistEmmanuel Pratt , urban designerCameron Rowland , artistVanessa Ruta , neuroscientistJoshua Tenenbaum , cognitive scientistJenny Tung , evolutionary anthropologistOcean Vuong , writerEmily Wilson , classicist and translator[63]
2020 Jacqueline Woodson Isaiah Andrews , econometricianTressie McMillan Cottom , sociologist, writer and public scholarPaul Dauenhauer , chemical engineerNels Elde, evolutionary geneticist Damien Fair , cognitive neuroscientistLarissa FastHorse , playwrightCatherine Coleman Flowers , environmental health advocateMary L. Gray , anthropologist and media scholarN.K. Jemisin , speculative fiction writerRalph Lemon , artistPolina V. Lishko , cellular and developmental biologistThomas Wilson Mitchell , property law scholarNatalia Molina , American historianFred Moten , cultural theorist and poetCristina Rivera Garza , fiction writerCécile McLorin Salvant , singer and composerMonika Schleier-Smith , experimental physicistMohammad R. Seyedsayamdost, biological chemist Forrest Stuart, sociologist Nanfu Wang , documentary filmmakerJacqueline Woodson , writer[64]
2021 Daniel Alarcón Hanif Abdurraqib , music critic, essayist and poetDaniel Alarcón , writer and radio producerMarcella Alsan , physician–economistTrevor Bedford , computational virologistReginald Dwayne Betts , poet and lawyerJordan Casteel , painterDon Mee Choi , poet and translatorIbrahim Cissé , cellular biophysicistNicole Fleetwood , art historian and curatorCristina Ibarra , documentary filmmakerIbram X. Kendi , American historian and cultural criticDaniel Lind-Ramos , sculptor and painterMonica Muñoz Martinez , public historianDesmond Meade , civil rights activistJoshua Miele , adaptive technology designerMichelle Monje , neurologist and neuro-oncologistSafiya Noble , digital media scholarJ. Taylor Perron, geomorphologist Alex Rivera , filmmaker and media artistLisa Schulte Moore , landscape ecologistJesse Shapiro , applied microeconomistJacqueline Stewart , cinema studies scholar and curatorKeeanga-Yamahtta Taylor , historianVictor J. Torres , microbiologistJawole Willa Jo Zollar , choreographer and dance entrepreneur[65]
2022 Moriba Jah Jennifer Carlson , sociologistPaul Chan , artistYejin Choi , computer scientistP. Gabrielle Foreman, historian and academic Danna Freedman , chemist and academicMartha Gonzalez , musician and academicSky Hopinka , artist and filmmakerJune Huh , mathematicianMoriba Jah , astrodynamicistJenna Jambeck , environmental engineerMonica Kim, historian and academic Robin Wall Kimmerer , botanist and writerPriti Krishtel , lawyerJoseph Drew Lanham , ornithologistKiese Laymon , writerReuben Jonathan Miller , sociologist and social workerIkue Mori , musician and composerSteven Prohira, physicist Tomeka Reid , cellist and composerLoretta J. Ross , human rights advocateSteven Ruggles , historical demographerTavares Strachan , interdisciplinary artistEmily Wang , physician and researcherAmanda Williams , artist and architectMelanie Matchett Wood , mathematician
2023 Ada Limón E. Tendayi Achiume , legal scholarAndrea Armstrong, incarceration law scholar Rina Foygel Barber , statisticianIan Bassin , lawyer and democracy advocateCourtney Bryan , composer and pianistJason D. Buenrostro, cellular and molecular biologist María Magdalena Campos-Pons , multidisciplinary artistRaven Chacon , composer and artistDiana Greene Foster , demographer and reproductive health researcherLucy Hutyra , environmental ecologistCarolyn Lazard , artistAda Limón , poetLester Mackey , computer scientist and statisticianPatrick Makuakāne , Kumu hula and cultural preservationistLinsey Marr , environmental engineerManuel Muñoz , authorImani Perry , interdisciplinary scholar and writerDyani White Hawk , multidisciplinary artistA. Park Williams, hydroclimatologist Amber Wutich , anthropologist
2024 Jason Reynolds Loka Ashwood , sociologistRuha Benjamin , Transdisciplinary scholar and writerJustin Vivian Bond , artist and performerJericho Brown , poetTony Cokes , media artistNicola Dell, computer and information scientist Johnny Gandelsman, violinist and producer Sterlin Harjo , filmmakerJuan Felipe Herrera , poet, educator, and writerLing Ma , writerJennifer L. Morgan , historianMartha M. Muñoz , evolutionary biologistShailaja Paik , historianJoseph Parker, evolutionary biologist Ebony G. Patterson , multimedia artistShamel Pitts , dancer and choreographerWendy Red Star , visual artistJason Reynolds , children's and young adult writerDorothy Roberts , legal scholar and public policy researcherKeivan G. Stassun , science educator and astronomerBenjamin Van Mooy , oceanographerAlice Wong , writer, editor, disability justice activistSource:[66] [67]
Notes ^ The MacArthur Foundation does not use the term "genius" to describe its fellows and has asked the media to stop using it.[1] [2] [3] [4]
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External links