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Princeton, Nueva Jersey

Princeton es un distrito del condado de Mercer , en el estado estadounidense de Nueva Jersey . Fue establecido el 1 de enero de 2013, a través de la consolidación del distrito de Princeton y el municipio de Princeton , ambos ahora desaparecidos. Según el censo de los Estados Unidos de 2020 , la población del distrito era de 30 681, [8] un aumento de 2109 (+7,4 %) con respecto al recuento combinado del censo de 2010 de 28 572. [9] En el censo de 2000 , las dos comunidades tenían una población total de 30 230, con 14 203 residentes en el distrito y 16 027 en el municipio. [16]

Princeton fue fundada antes de la Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos . El distrito es el hogar de la Universidad de Princeton , una de las universidades de investigación más aclamadas del mundo , que lleva su nombre y se mudó a la comunidad en 1756 desde la ubicación anterior de la institución educativa en Newark . Aunque su asociación con la universidad es principalmente lo que hace de Princeton una ciudad universitaria , otras instituciones importantes en el área incluyen el Instituto de Estudios Avanzados , el Laboratorio de Física del Plasma de Princeton , el Seminario Teológico de Princeton , Opinion Research Corporation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Siemens Corporate Research , SRI International , FMC Corporation , Educational Testing Service , The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation , Amrep , Church and Dwight , Berlitz International y Dow Jones & Company .

Princeton se encuentra aproximadamente equidistante de la ciudad de Nueva York y Filadelfia . [17] Está cerca de muchas autopistas importantes que sirven a ambas ciudades (por ejemplo, la Interestatal 95 y la Ruta 1 de EE. UU. ), y recibe importantes transmisiones de televisión y radio de cada una. También está cerca de Trenton , la capital de Nueva Jersey, Nuevo Brunswick y Edison .

La residencia oficial del gobernador de Nueva Jersey ha estado en Princeton desde 1945, cuando Morven (en lo que entonces era Princeton Borough) se convirtió en la primera mansión del gobernador. En 1982, fue reemplazada por Drumthwacket , una mansión colonial más grande ubicada en el antiguo municipio, pero no todos han vivido en estas casas. Morven se convirtió en un museo y jardín, propiedad y operado por la Sociedad Histórica de Nueva Jersey . [18]

A lo largo de gran parte de su historia, la comunidad se dividió en dos municipios separados: un municipio y un distrito . El distrito central estaba completamente rodeado por el municipio. El distrito se separó del municipio en 1894 en una disputa sobre los impuestos escolares; los dos municipios formaron más tarde las Escuelas Públicas de Princeton , y algunos otros servicios públicos se llevaron a cabo juntos antes de que se reunificaran en un solo Princeton en enero de 2013. El distrito de Princeton contenía Nassau Street , la principal calle comercial, la mayor parte del campus universitario e incorporó la mayor parte del área urbana hasta la suburbanización de la posguerra. El distrito y el municipio tenían poblaciones aproximadamente iguales. Las calles principales incluyen Harrison, Witherspoon, Nassau, Bayard y Stockton. [19]

Historia

Historia temprana

Mapa del campo de batalla de Princeton , 1777
Nassau Hall , que sirvió brevemente como capitolio de los EE. UU. en 1783 [20]
Campus de la Universidad de Princeton , diciembre de 2016
Calle Nassau de noche, 2016
El campus de la Universidad de Princeton se utilizó como uno de los decorados de la película de 2004 Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle .

Los nativos americanos Lenape fueron los primeros habitantes identificables del área de Princeton.

Los europeos se asentaron en la zona a finales del siglo XVII, procedentes de Delaware para establecerse en West Jersey y de Nueva York para establecerse en East Jersey , y el lugar destinado a convertirse en Princeton se encontraba en medio del desierto entre estos dos distritos. [21] El primer europeo que encontró su hogar en los límites del futuro municipio fue Henry Greenland. Construyó su casa en 1683 junto con una taberna, donde los representantes de West y East Jersey se reunieron para establecer los límites entre las dos provincias. [22] El yerno de Greenland, Daniel Brimson, habitó la zona en 1690 y dejó la propiedad en un testamento fechado en 1696. [21]

Entonces, Princeton era conocida solo como parte del cercano Stony Brook . [23] [24] Nathaniel Fitz Randolph, nativo de la ciudad, atestiguó en su diario privado el 28 de diciembre de 1758 que Princeton fue nombrada en 1724 tras la construcción de la primera casa en el área por James Leonard, [25] quien primero se refirió a la comunidad como Princetown cuando describió la ubicación de su gran propiedad en su diario. [26] La comunidad fue conocida más tarde por una variedad de nombres, incluidos: Princetown , Prince's Town y finalmente Princeton . [25] El nombre Princeton se utilizó por primera vez en 1724 y se volvió común en la década siguiente. [22] Aunque no hay respaldo documental oficial, se dice que el municipio lleva el nombre del príncipe Guillermo de Orange . [27] Otra teoría sugiere que el nombre proviene de un gran terrateniente llamado Henry Prince, yerno de un conocido comerciante inglés, pero no hay evidencia que respalde esta afirmación. [25] Un príncipe real parece un epónimo más probable para el asentamiento, ya que tres ciudades cercanas tenían nombres de la realeza: Kingston , Queenstown (en las cercanías de la intersección de las calles Nassau y Harrison) y Princessville (municipio de Lawrence). [26]

En 1850, William Edward Schenck describió a Princeton como una ciudad que "no había alcanzado un tamaño muy considerable" hasta el establecimiento del College of New Jersey en la ciudad. [21] Cuando Richard Stockton, uno de los fundadores del municipio, murió en 1709, dejó su patrimonio a sus hijos, quienes ayudaron a expandir la propiedad y la población. Según el censo de los Estados Unidos de 1880 , la población de Princeton comprendía 3209 personas (sin incluir a los estudiantes). [26] La población local se ha expandido desde el siglo XIX. Según el censo de 2010 , Princeton Borough tenía 12 307 habitantes, mientras que Princeton Township tenía 16 265. [28] [29] Los números se han estancado; desde la llegada del College of New Jersey, ahora Princeton University, en 1756, la población de la ciudad aumenta cada año durante el otoño y el invierno y disminuye significativamente durante el transcurso del verano. [26]

Revolución

En la crucial Batalla de Princeton, en enero de 1777, George Washington obligó a los británicos a evacuar el sur de Nueva Jersey. [22] Después de la victoria, Princeton fue sede de la primera Legislatura bajo la Constitución del Estado para decidir el sello, el gobernador y la organización de su gobierno. Además, dos de los firmantes originales de la Declaración de Independencia, Richard Stockton y John Witherspoon, vivían en Princeton. [26] Los habitantes de Princeton honraron el legado de sus ciudadanos nombrando dos calles en el centro de la ciudad en su honor.

El 10 de enero de 1938, Henry Ewing Hale convocó a un grupo de ciudadanos para establecer una "Sociedad Histórica de Princeton". Más tarde, la Casa Bainbridge, construida en 1766 por Job Stockton, se dedicaría a este propósito. Anteriormente, la casa se utilizó una vez para una reunión del Congreso Continental en 1783, como oficina general y como Biblioteca Pública de Princeton. La Casa es propiedad de la Universidad de Princeton y está arrendada a la Sociedad Histórica de Princeton por un dólar al año. [30] La casa ha conservado su escalera original, suelo y paredes revestidas. Alrededor del 70% de la casa ha permanecido inalterado. Aparte de las características de seguridad, como el acceso para sillas de ruedas y el trabajo eléctrico, la casa ha sido restaurada para recuperar su apariencia y carácter originales. [ cita requerida ]

Historia del gobierno

Durante los acontecimientos más conmovedores de su historia, Princeton era un punto ancho en la carretera; el límite entre el condado de Somerset y el condado de Middlesex pasaba por Princeton, a lo largo de la carretera principal entre Nueva York y Filadelfia, ahora Nassau Street. Cuando se formó el condado de Mercer en 1838, parte del municipio de West Windsor se agregó a la parte del municipio de Montgomery que se incluyó en el nuevo condado, y se convirtió en el municipio de Princeton; el área entre el límite sur del antiguo municipio y el canal de Delaware y Raritan se agregó al municipio de Princeton en 1853. El municipio de Princeton se convirtió en un municipio independiente en 1894. [31]

A principios del siglo XIX, los distritos de Nueva Jersey habían sido subdivisiones cuasi independientes con estatutos dentro de municipios existentes que no tenían autonomía plena. El distrito de Princeton recibió dicho estatuto en 1813, como parte de los municipios de Montgomery y West Windsor; continuó siendo parte del municipio de Princeton hasta la Ley de Distritos de 1894, que requería que cada municipio formara un distrito escolar único; en lugar de hacerlo, el distrito de Princeton solicitó su separación. (Los dos Princeton combinaron sus sistemas de escuelas públicas en las décadas anteriores a la consolidación municipal). Dos cambios menores de límites unieron el entonces sitio del Hospital de Princeton y de la Escuela Secundaria Regional de Princeton dentro del distrito, en 1928 y 1951 respectivamente. [31] Consulte la sección sobre "gobierno y política" para obtener más detalles sobre la fusión de distrito y municipio en 2011.

Geografía

Princeton está ubicada justo al sur de una cresta larga y curva conocida como Princeton Ridge. [32] Como Princeton está en una zona baja, ha habido problemas con las señales de los teléfonos celulares. [33] Según la Oficina del Censo de los EE. UU. , Princeton tenía una superficie total de 18,41 millas cuadradas (47,69 km 2 ), incluidas 17,95 millas cuadradas (46,48 km 2 ) de tierra y 0,47 millas cuadradas (1,21 km 2 ) de agua (2,53%). [1] [2]

Cedar Grove , [34] Port Mercer , Princeton Basin y Jugtown son comunidades no incorporadas que han sido absorbidas por el Gran Princeton a lo largo de los años, pero aún mantienen su propia identidad comunitaria. [35]

Princeton limita con los municipios de Hopewell Township , Lawrence Township y West Windsor Township en el condado de Mercer; Plainsboro Township y South Brunswick Township en el condado de Middlesex ; y Franklin Township y Montgomery Township en el condado de Somerset . [36] [37] [38]

Los códigos postales de los Estados Unidos para Princeton incluyen 08540, 08541 ( Servicio de evaluación educativa ), 08542 (en gran parte el antiguo municipio), 08543 ( apartados postales ) y 08544 (la Universidad ).

Clima

Según la clasificación climática de Köppen , Princeton se encuentra dentro de un clima continental húmedo de verano cálido ( Dfa ) si se utiliza la isoterma de 0 °C (32 °F) o un clima subtropical húmedo ( Cfa ) si se utiliza la isoterma de −3 °C (27 °F). Durante los meses de verano, pueden ocurrir episodios de calor y humedad extremos con valores de índice de calor iguales o superiores a 100,0 °F (37,8 °C). En promedio, el mes más húmedo del año es julio, que corresponde al pico anual de actividad de tormentas eléctricas . Durante los meses de invierno, pueden ocurrir episodios de frío y viento extremos con valores de sensación térmica inferiores a 0,0 °F (−17,8 °C). La zona de rusticidad de las plantas en el Tribunal Municipal de Princeton es 6b con una temperatura mínima extrema anual promedio del aire de −0,9 °F (−18,3 °C). [39] La nevada estacional promedio total (noviembre-abril) es de 24 a 30 pulgadas (610 a 760 mm) y el mes más nevoso promedio es febrero, que corresponde con el pico anual de actividad del nordeste .

Ecología

Según los tipos de vegetación natural potenciales de EE. UU. de AW Kuchler , Princeton, Nueva Jersey, tendría un tipo de vegetación de roble de los Apalaches ( 104 ) con una forma de vegetación de bosque de madera dura del este ( 25 ). [41]

Demografía

Censo de 2010

Según el censo de los Estados Unidos de 2010 , el distrito y el municipio tenían una población combinada de 28.572. [42] [43]

Según el sitio web Data USA, Princeton tiene una población de 30.168 personas, de las cuales el 85% son ciudadanos estadounidenses. La composición étnica de la población es de 20.393 residentes blancos (67,6%), 4.636 residentes asiáticos (15,4%), 2.533 residentes hispanos (8,4%), 1.819 residentes negros (6,03%) y 618 residentes de dos o más años (2,05%). Los idiomas extranjeros más comunes son el chino (1.800 hablantes), el español (1.429 hablantes) y el francés (618 hablantes), pero en comparación con otros lugares, Princeton tiene un número relativamente alto de hablantes de lenguas escandinavas (425 hablantes), italiano (465 hablantes) y alemán (1.000 hablantes). [ cita requerida ]

Gobierno y política

Gobierno local

Princeton se rige por la forma de distrito del gobierno municipal de Nueva Jersey, que se utiliza en 218 municipios (de los 564) de todo el estado, lo que la convierte en la forma de gobierno más común en Nueva Jersey. [44] El órgano de gobierno está compuesto por el alcalde y el consejo del distrito, y todos los cargos se eligen en general de forma partidista como parte de las elecciones generales de noviembre. El alcalde es elegido directamente por los votantes para un mandato de cuatro años. El consejo del distrito incluye seis miembros elegidos para cumplir mandatos de tres años de forma escalonada, y se eligen dos escaños cada año en un ciclo de tres años. La forma de gobierno del distrito utilizada por Princeton es un gobierno de " alcalde débil /consejo fuerte" en el que los miembros del consejo actúan como cuerpo legislativo y el alcalde preside las reuniones y vota solo en caso de empate. El alcalde puede vetar ordenanzas sujetas a una anulación por una mayoría de dos tercios de los votos del consejo. El alcalde asigna miembros de comités y enlaces a los miembros del consejo, y la mayoría de los nombramientos los realiza el alcalde con el asesoramiento y consentimiento del consejo. [45] [46] [47]

El alcalde es elegido directamente por los votantes para un mandato de cuatro años, actúa como director ejecutivo de Princeton y nomina a los designados para varias juntas y comisiones sujetas a la aprobación del consejo. El alcalde preside las reuniones del consejo y vota en caso de empate o en algunos otros casos específicos. [47] El consejo está formado por seis miembros elegidos para cumplir mandatos de tres años de forma escalonada, con dos escaños que se eligen cada año en un ciclo de tres años. El consejo tiene poderes administrativos y es el órgano de formulación de políticas de Princeton. El consejo aprueba los nombramientos realizados por el alcalde. Los miembros del consejo sirven en varias juntas y comités y actúan como enlaces con ciertos departamentos, comités o juntas. [47]

A partir de 2023 , el alcalde de Princeton es el demócrata Mark Freda, quien cumple un mandato de cuatro años que expira el 31 de diciembre de 2023. [3] Los miembros del Consejo de Princeton son la presidenta del Consejo Mia Sacks (D, 2025), David F. Cohen (D, 2023), Leticia Fraga (D, 2023), Michelle Pirone Lambros (D, 2025), Leighton Newlin (D, 2024) y Eve Niedergang (D, 2024). [48] [49] [50 ] [ 51] [52] [53] [54]

En 2018, Princeton tuvo una factura de impuestos a la propiedad promedio de $19,388, la más alta del condado, en comparación con una factura promedio de $8,767 a nivel estatal. [55]

Fusión de distrito y municipio

Los habitantes del municipio intentaron sin éxito fusionar el distrito y el municipio en una lucha que duró casi cincuenta años. El primer intento fallido de consolidar el distrito y el municipio se realizó en 1953, con un 63% de los votantes del municipio a favor de una fusión y un 57% de los votantes del municipio en contra. [56] Los intentos posteriores fueron rechazados por los residentes del municipio, en gran parte debido a las diferentes necesidades de zonificación del distrito densamente poblado en comparación con las propiedades más espaciadas del municipio (que rodean el distrito). Un intento de consolidación en 1979 fue aprobado con un 70% de apoyo en el municipio, pero fracasó en el municipio por 33 votos, un resultado que se mantuvo después de un recuento. [57] [58] [59] Aunque los votantes del municipio volvieron a apoyar un referéndum de fusión en 1996 por un margen de casi 3 a 1, aproximadamente el 57% de los votantes del municipio rechazaron la propuesta de consolidación, lo que marcó el sexto fracaso de este tipo. [60]

El 8 de noviembre de 2011, los residentes del distrito y del municipio de Princeton votaron a favor de fusionar los dos municipios en uno solo. Este fue el primer referéndum en el que se animó y permitió a los votantes universitarios registrarse para votar localmente, y eso probablemente contribuyó en gran medida a la aprobación de la medida, ya que los estudiantes no eran propietarios de viviendas preocupados por cuestiones de zonificación, y todos ellos contaban como parte del distrito y no del municipio. En el distrito de Princeton, 1.385 votaron a favor y 902 votaron en contra, mientras que en el municipio de Princeton 3.542 votaron a favor y 604 votaron en contra. Los defensores de la fusión afirmaron que cuando se complete la fusión, el nuevo municipio de Princeton ahorraría 3,2 millones de dólares como resultado de algunos servicios reducidos, incluidos los despidos de 15 empleados del gobierno, incluidos 9 agentes de policía (sin embargo, la medida en sí no ordena tales despidos). Los opositores a la medida cuestionaron las conclusiones de un informe que citaba un ahorro de costos como infundadas, expresaron inquietudes sobre las diferentes necesidades de zonificación entre el distrito y el municipio, y señalaron que la representación de los votantes se reduciría en una estructura gubernamental más pequeña. La fusión fue la primera en el estado desde 1997, cuando el municipio de Pahaquarry votó para consolidarse con el municipio de Hardwick [61]. La consolidación entró en vigencia el 1 de enero de 2013. [62]

Representación federal, estatal y del condado

Princeton está ubicada en el 12.º Distrito Congresional [63] y es parte del 16.º distrito legislativo estatal de Nueva Jersey. [64] [65] [66]

Para el 118.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos , el distrito 12 del Congreso de Nueva Jersey está representado por Bonnie Watson Coleman ( demócrata , municipio de Ewing ). [67] [68] Nueva Jersey está representada en el Senado de los Estados Unidos por los demócratas Cory Booker ( Newark , mandato finaliza en 2027) [69] y George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , mandato finaliza en 2024). [70] [71]

Para la sesión 2024-2025 , el distrito legislativo 16 de la Legislatura de Nueva Jersey está representado en el Senado de Nueva Jersey por Andrew Zwicker ( D , South Brunswick ) y en la Asamblea General por Mitchelle Drulis (D, East Amwell Township ) y Roy Freiman (D, Hillsborough Township ). [72]

El condado de Mercer está gobernado por un ejecutivo del condado que supervisa las operaciones diarias del condado y por una junta de comisionados del condado de siete miembros que actúa en capacidad legislativa y establece políticas. Todos los funcionarios son elegidos en general en elecciones partidistas, y el ejecutivo cumple un mandato de cuatro años mientras que los comisionados cumplen mandatos de tres años de forma escalonada, con dos o tres escaños en juego cada año como parte de las elecciones generales de noviembre. [73] A partir de 2024 , el ejecutivo del condado es Daniel R. Benson ( demócrata , municipio de Hamilton ), cuyo mandato finaliza el 31 de diciembre de 2027. [74] Los comisionados del condado de Mercer son:

Lucylle RS Walter (D, Municipio de Ewing , 2026), [75] Presidente John A. Cimino (D, Municipio de Hamilton, 2026), [76] Samuel T. Frisby Sr. (D, Trenton , 2024), [77] Cathleen M. Lewis (D, Municipio de Lawrence , 2025), [78] Vicepresidenta Kristin L. McLaughlin (D, Municipio de Hopewell , 2024), [79] Nina D. Melker (D, Municipio de Hamilton , 2025) [80] y Terrance Stokes (D, Municipio de Ewing, 2024). [81] [82] [83]

Los funcionarios constitucionales del condado de Mercer son: la secretaria Paula Sollami-Covello (demócrata, municipio de Lawrence, 2025), [84] [85] el alguacil John A. Kemler (demócrata, municipio de Hamilton, 2026) [86] [87] y la sustituta Diane Gerofsky (demócrata, municipio de Lawrence, 2026). [88] [89] [90]

Política

En marzo de 2011, había un total de 18.049 votantes registrados en Princeton (una suma de los votantes del antiguo distrito y municipio), de los cuales 9.184 (50,9%) estaban registrados como demócratas , 2.140 (11,9%) estaban registrados como republicanos y 6.703 (37,1%) estaban registrados como no afiliados . Había 22 votantes registrados como libertarios o verdes . [91]

En las elecciones presidenciales de 2016 y 2020 , el candidato demócrata recibió más del 80% de los votos. En las elecciones presidenciales de 2012 , el demócrata Barack Obama recibió el 75,4% de los votos (9461 emitidos), por delante del republicano Mitt Romney con el 23,0% (2882 votos), y otros candidatos con el 1,6% (205 votos), entre los 14.752 votos emitidos por los 20.328 votantes registrados del municipio (2204 votos fueron nulos ), para una participación del 72,6%. [95] [96]

En las elecciones para gobernador de 2013 , la demócrata Barbara Buono recibió el 58,8% de los votos (4172 emitidos), por delante del republicano Chris Christie con el 39,2% (2780 votos) y otros candidatos con el 2,0% (145 votos), entre los 7279 votos emitidos por los 18 374 votantes registrados del municipio (182 votos fueron anulados), para una participación del 39,6%. [100] [101]

Educación

Colegios y universidades

Los Cuyler y Walker Halls de la Universidad de Princeton son dormitorios con arquitectura gótica universitaria .
El Fine Hall de la Universidad de Princeton, sede del Departamento de Matemáticas
Fuld Hall, sede del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados
El campus de la Universidad de Princeton. La universidad es una de las ocho universidades de la Ivy League y en su día tuvo como profesor a Albert Einstein .

La Universidad de Princeton , una de las universidades de investigación más importantes del mundo , es una característica dominante de la comunidad. Fundada en 1746 como el College of New Jersey y reubicada en Princeton diez años después, el campus principal de la Universidad de Princeton tiene su centro histórico en Nassau Street y se extiende hacia el sur desde allí. Su campus satélite James Forrestal está ubicado en Plainsboro Township , y algunos campos de juego se encuentran dentro del adyacente West Windsor Township . [102] La Universidad de Princeton apareció en la cima de las clasificaciones universitarias nacionales de US News & World Report por noveno año consecutivo en 2024, además de encabezar listas comparables de Forbes y The Wall Street Journal . [103] [104] [105]

El Seminario Teológico de Princeton , el primer y más antiguo seminario de América de la Iglesia Presbiteriana (EE. UU.), tiene su campus académico principal en Princeton, con viviendas residenciales ubicadas justo a las afueras de Princeton en el municipio de West Windsor. [106]

El Instituto de Estudios Avanzados mantiene allí extensas propiedades de tierra (los "Bosques del Instituto") que abarcan 800 acres (320 ha). [107]

Mercer County Community College , que en realidad no está en Princeton sino en el cercano West Windsor , es una universidad pública de dos años que atiende a los residentes de Princeton y a todos los del condado de Mercer. [108]

Westminster Choir College , una escuela de música propiedad de Rider University desde 1992, se estableció en un gran campus en Princeton en 1932. Antes de mudarse a Princeton, la escuela residió en Dayton, Ohio , y luego brevemente en Ithaca, Nueva York . [109] En 2012, Rider propuso una expansión del estacionamiento en el campus de Princeton que requería cortar árboles viejos y los vecinos se opusieron enérgicamente. [110] [111] En 2019, Rider (que se encuentra en Lawrence Township ) intentó vender el campus de la escuela de coro en Princeton a una empresa china, lo que resultó en una protesta pública y la prevención de esa venta. En 2020, Rider trasladó todas las actividades de Westminster Choir College de Princeton a su campus de Lawrenceville ; el campus de Princeton ahora está en gran parte sin uso mientras continúan las disputas legales sobre el futuro del campus y sus programas académicos. [112] A partir de 2023, Princeton le paga a Rider 1000 dólares al mes para alquilar un estacionamiento adicional en el Choir College; luego, la ciudad vende los derechos de estacionamiento por 30 dólares al mes a empresas, residentes y no residentes. El estacionamiento del Choir College está a unas pocas cuadras a pie del centro de la ciudad. [113] [114]

Escuelas primarias y secundarias

Escuelas públicas

Escuela secundaria de Princeton

Las escuelas públicas de Princeton atienden a estudiantes desde preescolar hasta el duodécimo grado . [115] Los estudiantes del municipio de Cranbury asisten a la escuela secundaria del distrito como parte de una relación de envío/recepción . [116] En el año escolar 2020-21, el distrito, compuesto por seis escuelas, tenía una matrícula de 3740 estudiantes y 341,0 maestros de aula (sobre una base de FTE ), para una proporción de estudiantes por maestro de 11,0:1. [117] Las escuelas del distrito (con datos de inscripción de 2020-21 del Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de Educación [118] ) son Community Park School [119] con 332 estudiantes en los grados K-5, Johnson Park School [120] con 329 estudiantes en los grados PreK-5, Littlebrook School [121] con 342 estudiantes en los grados K-5, Riverside School [122] con 289 estudiantes en los grados PreK-5, Princeton Middle School [123] con 803 estudiantes en los grados 6-8 y Princeton High School [124] con 1,555 estudiantes en los grados 9-12. [125] [126] [127] [128] [129]

La revista New Jersey Monthly clasificó a Princeton High School como la vigésima mejor escuela secundaria de Nueva Jersey en su clasificación de 2018 de las "Mejores escuelas secundarias públicas" en Nueva Jersey. [130] La escuela también fue clasificada como la décima mejor escuela de Nueva Jersey por US News & World Report . [131] Niche clasificó a Princeton High School como la 47.ª mejor escuela secundaria pública de Estados Unidos en su clasificación de "2021 Mejores escuelas secundarias públicas de Estados Unidos". [132]

A principios de los años 1990, se produjo una redistribución de distritos entre los distritos escolares de Community Park y Johnson Park, ya que la población dentro de ambos distritos había aumentado debido al desarrollo residencial. También se plantearon inquietudes sobre la población estudiantil mayoritariamente blanca y adinerada que asistía a Johnson Park (JP) y la población más diversa desde el punto de vista racial y económico de Community Park (CP). Como resultado de la redistribución de distritos, partes del afluente vecindario Western Section se redistribuyeron a CP, y partes del vecindario racial y económicamente diverso de John Witherspoon se redistribuyeron a JP.

La Princeton Charter School (grados K-8) funciona bajo una carta otorgada por el comisionado del Departamento de Educación de Nueva Jersey . La escuela es una escuela pública que funciona independientemente de las Escuelas Regionales de Princeton y se financia por estudiante con ingresos fiscales recaudados localmente. [133]

Los estudiantes de octavo grado de todo el condado de Mercer son elegibles para postularse para asistir a los programas de escuela secundaria ofrecidos por las Escuelas Técnicas del Condado de Mercer , un distrito escolar vocacional de todo el condado que ofrece educación técnica y profesional a tiempo completo en su Academia de Ciencias de la Salud, Academia STEM y Academia de Artes Culinarias, sin cobrar matrícula a los estudiantes por asistir. [134] [135]

Escuelas privadas

Las escuelas privadas ubicadas en Princeton incluyen The Lewis School of Princeton , Princeton Day School , Princeton Friends School , Hun School of Princeton y Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science (PRISMS).

La escuela católica St. Paul's (desde preescolar hasta octavo grado), fundada en 1878, es la escuela católica mixta más antigua y única, uniéndose a la Princeton Academy of the Sacred Heart (desde jardín de infantes hasta octavo grado, solo para varones) y a la Stuart Country Day School of the Sacred Heart (mixta desde preescolar y desde jardín de infantes hasta duodécimo grado solo para mujeres), que funcionan bajo la supervisión de la Diócesis Católica Romana de Trenton . [136]

Las escuelas que están fuera de Princeton pero tienen direcciones en Princeton incluyen Wilberforce School , Chapin School en Lawrence Township , Princeton Junior School en Lawrence Township, French-American School of Princeton, Laurel School of Princeton, Waldorf School of Princeton, YingHua International School, Princeton Latin Academy en Hopewell , Princeton Montessori School en Montgomery Township , Eden Institute en West Windsor Township y la ahora desaparecida American Boychoir School en Plainsboro Township .

Bibliotecas públicas

La instalación actual de la Biblioteca Pública de Princeton en Witherspoon Street se inauguró en abril de 2004 como parte del proyecto de reurbanización del centro de la ciudad en curso y reemplazó a un edificio que databa de 1966. La biblioteca en sí fue fundada en 1909. [137]

Educación miscelánea

La Princeton Community Japanese Language School imparte clases de japonés los fines de semana para niños ciudadanos japoneses en el extranjero según los estándares del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura, Deportes, Ciencia y Tecnología (MEXT), y también tiene clases para personas que tienen japonés como segunda lengua. La oficina principal de la escuela está en Princeton, aunque la oficina que se utiliza los domingos está en el Memorial Hall de la Rider University en Lawrence Township en el condado de Mercer . [138] Los cursos se imparten en el Memorial Hall de la Rider University. [139]

La Cooperativa de Aprendizaje de Princeton brinda apoyo para el aprendizaje dirigido por los estudiantes como "una combinación de educación en el hogar y la escuela" para adolescentes. [140] [141]

Infraestructura

Transporte

Carreteras y autopistas

Ruta estadounidense 206 en Princeton

En mayo de 2010 , el distrito tenía un total de 126,95 millas (204,31 km) de carreteras, de las cuales 118,36 millas (190,48 km) eran mantenidas por el municipio, 3,93 millas (6,32 km) por el condado de Mercer y 8,66 millas (13,94 km) por el Departamento de Transporte de Nueva Jersey . [142]

Varias carreteras importantes pasan por Princeton. [143] La Ruta 206 de EE. UU. [144] y la Ruta 27 [145] pasan por allí, junto con las Rutas del Condado 583 , [146] 526 / 571 (comúnmente conocida como Washington Road) [147] y 533. [148 ]

Otras carreteras principales a las que se puede acceder fuera del municipio incluyen la Ruta 1 de EE. UU. (en Lawrence Township, West Windsor y South Brunswick), la Interestatal 287 (en Franklin Township), la Interestatal 295 (en Lawrence Township) y la autopista de peaje de Nueva Jersey / Interestatal 95 (en South Brunswick). Las salidas más cercanas de la autopista de peaje son la intersección 8A en Monroe Township , la intersección 8 en East Windsor y la intersección 7A en Robbinsville Township .

Se han cancelado varias autopistas propuestas en los alrededores de Princeton. La autopista Somerset (I-95) debía pasar justo fuera del municipio antes de terminar en Hopewell (al sur) y Franklin (al norte). Este proyecto se canceló en 1980. Se suponía que la Ruta 92 remediaría la falta de autopistas de acceso limitado al área metropolitana de Princeton. La carretera habría comenzado en la Ruta 1 cerca de Ridge Road en South Brunswick y habría terminado en la salida 8A de la autopista de peaje. Sin embargo, ese proyecto se canceló en 2006.

Transporte público

El "Dinky" en la plataforma de Princeton Branch en Princeton Junction

Princeton está aproximadamente equidistante de la ciudad de Nueva York y Filadelfia . Desde el siglo XIX, ha estado conectada por ferrocarril a ambas ciudades por la línea ferroviaria Princeton Branch hasta la cercana estación Princeton Junction en el Corredor Noreste de Amtrak . [149] [150] La estación de tren de Princeton se trasladó de debajo de Blair Hall a una ubicación más al sur en University Place en 1918, [149] y se trasladó más al sureste en 2013. [151] Viajar diariamente a Nueva York desde Princeton se volvió algo común después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. [152] Si bien el tiempo de viaje de Amtrak es similar al de Nueva York y Filadelfia, el viaje en tren de cercanías a Nueva York (a través de la línea del Corredor Noreste de NJ Transit ) es generalmente mucho más rápido que el viaje en tren equivalente a Filadelfia, que implica una transferencia a los trenes SEPTA en Trenton . NJ Transit proporciona un servicio de transporte entre las estaciones de Princeton y Princeton Junction; El tren se llama localmente "Dinky", [150] y también se lo conoce como "PJ&B" (por "Princeton Junction and Back"). [153] Se utilizan dos vagones de tren, o a veces solo uno.

NJ Transit proporciona servicio de autobús a Trenton en la ruta 606 y servicio local en la ruta 605. [154] [155 ]

Coach USA Suburban Transit opera un servicio diario frecuente al centro de la ciudad de Nueva York en la ruta 100, y un servicio de hora pico de los días laborables al centro de la ciudad de Nueva York en la ruta 600. [156]

Princeton y la Universidad de Princeton ofrecen los servicios de autobuses locales FreeB y Tiger Transit . [157]

Aire

Aeropuerto de Princeton

El aeropuerto de Princeton es un aeropuerto público ubicado a 4,8 km al norte del centro de Princeton, en el municipio de Montgomery . El aeropuerto privado Forrestal estuvo ubicado en la propiedad de la Universidad de Princeton, a 3,2 km al este del campus principal, desde principios de la década de 1950 hasta principios de la de 1990.

El aeropuerto comercial más cercano es el Aeropuerto de Trenton-Mercer en Ewing Township , a unas 15 millas (24 km) del centro de Princeton, al que llega Frontier Airlines sin escalas desde y hacia 17 ciudades. Otros aeropuertos importantes cercanos son el Aeropuerto Internacional Newark Liberty y el Aeropuerto Internacional de Filadelfia , ubicados a 39 millas (63 km) y 52 millas (84 km) de distancia, respectivamente.

Cuidado de la salud

Centro médico de Princeton de Penn Medicine

Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center (comúnmente abreviado como "PMC") es un hospital regional y una red de atención médica ubicada en el vecino municipio de Plainsboro . El hospital atiende a la región metropolitana de Princeton en el centro de Jersey . Es propiedad del Penn Medicine Health System y es el único hospital de este tipo en el estado de Nueva Jersey. [158] PMC es un centro médico académico , terciario y sin fines de lucro de 355 camas [159] . Es un importante hospital universitario de la Escuela de Medicina Robert Wood Johnson de la Universidad Rutgers [160] y tiene un helipuerto para manejar el transporte de pacientes críticos desde y hacia otros hospitales a través de PennStar. [161] El hospital estaba ubicado anteriormente en Princeton en Witherspoon Street hasta mayo de 2012, cuando se inauguró la nueva ubicación junto a la Ruta 1 de EE. UU. en Plainsboro. [162] El nuevo hospital fue diseñado por una empresa conjunta entre HOK y RMJM Hiller . [163] [164]

Otros hospitales regionales y redes de atención médica cercanos a los que se puede acceder desde Princeton incluyen la división Hamilton Township y la división New Brunswick del Hospital Universitario Robert Wood Johnson (RWJUH) , junto con el Hospital Universitario Saint Peter's , también en New Brunswick. El Frist Campus Center de la Universidad de Princeton [a] se utilizó para las vistas aéreas del ficticio Hospital Universitario Princeton‑Plainsboro, como se ve en la serie de televisión House . [165]

Ciudades hermanas

Personas notables

Entre las personas que nacieron, residieron o estuvieron estrechamente relacionadas con Princeton se incluyen: Nota: esta lista no incluye a las personas que solo estuvieron en Princeton como estudiantes. Solo se muestran algunos profesores seleccionados, cuya notoriedad se extiende más allá de su campo y se extiende a la cultura popular. Consulte las listas de profesores y exalumnos que se encuentran más arriba.

Princeton en la cultura popular

Película

Princeton fue el escenario de la película ganadora del Oscar Una mente maravillosa sobre el matemático esquizofrénico John Nash . La mayor parte de la película se filmó en el centro de Nueva Jersey, incluidas algunas locaciones de Princeton. Sin embargo, muchas escenas de "Princeton" en realidad se filmaron en el campus Rose Hill de la Universidad Fordham en el Bronx. [ cita requerida ]

La película de 1994 IQ , con Meg Ryan , Tim Robbins y Walter Matthau como Albert Einstein , también se ambienta en Princeton y se filmó en la zona. Incluye algunos tramos geográficos, incluido Matthau mirando a través de un telescopio desde el techo del "Hospital de Princeton" para ver a los personajes de Ryan y Robbins besándose en el campo de batalla de Princeton . [336]

Entre las películas históricas que utilizaron Princeton como escenario pero que no se filmaron allí se incluye Wilson , una película biográfica de 1944 sobre Woodrow Wilson.

En su largometraje independiente de 1989 Stage Fright , el cineasta independiente Brad Mays filmó una escena de clase de teatro en el auditorio de la Princeton High School, utilizando a estudiantes de la PHS como extras. El 18 de octubre de 2013, el documental de Mays I Grew Up in Princeton tuvo su estreno en la Princeton High School. La película, descrita en un periódico de Princeton como una "historia de mayoría de edad profundamente personal que ofrece una perspectiva sobre el papel de la percepción en una ciudad que estaba dividida racial, económica y sociológicamente", [337] es un retrato de la vida en la venerable ciudad universitaria durante el tumultuoso período de finales de los sesenta hasta principios de los setenta.

Las escenas del comienzo de Across the Universe (2007) se filmaron en el campus de la Universidad de Princeton.

Partes de Transformers: La venganza de los caídos se filmaron en Princeton. Megan Fox y Shia LaBeouf filmaron en el campus de la Universidad de Princeton durante dos días durante el verano de 2008.

Escenas de la película The Happening de 2008 se filmaron en Princeton.

Televisión y radio

La transmisión radial de Orson Welles de 1938 de La guerra de los mundos se desarrolla en parte en la cercana Grover's Mill e incluye a un profesor ficticio de la Universidad de Princeton como personaje principal, pero la acción nunca se traslada directamente a Princeton.

La miniserie de televisión de 1980 Oppenheimer está ambientada en parte en Princeton.

En la película de George Lucas Young Indiana Jones, Princeton aparece en tres episodios como la ciudad natal de Indiana Jones. Los más notables son Spring Break Adventure y Winds of Change, donde Princeton ocupa un lugar destacado. [338] [339]

La serie de televisión House se ambienta en Princeton, en el ficticio Hospital Universitario Princeton-Plainsboro, y las tomas de presentación del hospital muestran el Centro del Campus Frist de la Universidad de Princeton . El verdadero Centro Médico Universitario de Princeton en Plainsboro abrió el 22 de mayo de 2012, exactamente un día después de que se emitiera el final de House . [340]

Literatura

El debut literario de F. Scott Fitzgerald , This Side of Paradise , es una historia vagamente autobiográfica de sus años en la Universidad de Princeton.

El programa de Escritura Creativa de la Universidad de Princeton incluye a varios escritores destacados a nivel nacional e internacional, lo que convierte a la comunidad en un centro de literatura contemporánea.

Muchas de las novelas de Richard Ford están ambientadas en Haddam, Nueva Jersey, una Princeton ficticia. [236]

La novela de Joyce Carol Oates de 2004 Take Me, Take Me With You (escrita bajo el seudónimo de Lauren Kelly) está ambientada en Princeton. [341]

La autora neojersey Judy Blume ambienta su novela Superfudge en Princeton. [342]

Música

Todos los miembros de Blues Traveler , así como Chris Barron , cantante principal de Spin Doctors , son de Princeton y eran amigos de la escuela secundaria. [343]

Puntos de interés

Distrito histórico de Kingston Mill en el río Millstone

Iglesias

Instituciones educativas

Museos

Sitios históricos

Parques

Restaurantes

Medios locales

Véase también

Referencias

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  189. ^ The Reverend Charles Clinton Beatty DD, LLD Archived August 6, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Jersey. Accessed September 8, 2019. "Born in Princeton, NJ on 4 Jan 1800 and died in Steubenville, OH on 30 Oct 1882."
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  300. ^ Fremon, Suzanne S. "State Has 13 on Olympic Team" Archived June 23, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, August 13, 1972. Accessed November 22, 2017. "Peter Raymond, 25, of Princeton, a member of the Olympic eight‐oar crew, may be the New Jerseyan who is most likely to come home with a medal, perhaps even a gold medal.... Mr. Raymond has been rowing since his prep school days at South Kent School, and, as he said, 'rowed all through Princeton,' where he was stroke and captain of the varsity crew in his senior year. He was a member of the 1968 Olympic team, in the four without coxswain."
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  302. ^ " Jan 23, 1976: Singer, actor, athlete, activist Paul Robeson dies" Archived September 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The History Channel. Accessed November 22, 2014. "Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson was born in Princeton, New Jersey, on April 9, 1898, the son of a father born into slavery and a mother raised as a vocal abolitionist."
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  328. ^ "Longtime Resident Susie Waxwood Dies at 103" Archived April 7, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Town Topics, February 8, 2006. Accessed February 13, 2022. "Susie Waxwood, 103, the first African American to serve as executive director of the Princeton YWCA, died January 30 at The Pavilions at Forrestal, an assisted living facility in Plainsboro.... In 1925 she graduated from Howard University with a B.A. in English Literature. She married Howard B. Waxwood Jr. in 1929 and five years later moved to Princeton."
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External links