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Presidencia de Joe Biden

El mandato de Joe Biden como el 46.º presidente de los Estados Unidos comenzó con su toma de posesión el 20 de enero de 2021. [1] [2] Biden, miembro del Partido Demócrata que anteriormente se desempeñó como vicepresidente durante dos mandatos bajo el presidente Barack Obama , asumió el cargo después de su victoria en las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 sobre el presidente en ejercicio, Donald Trump del Partido Republicano . Biden ganó la presidencia con más de 81 millones de votos, la mayor cantidad de votos emitidos jamás para un candidato presidencial de los Estados Unidos . Biden retiró su candidatura para un segundo mandato en las elecciones presidenciales de 2024 debido a preocupaciones sobre su edad y la oposición dentro de su partido .

Tras su toma de posesión, se convirtió en el presidente de mayor edad en la historia de Estados Unidos , rompiendo el récord establecido por Ronald Reagan . Biden asumió el cargo en medio de la pandemia de COVID-19 , una crisis económica y una creciente polarización política . [3]

Las acciones del primer día de su presidencia incluyeron restaurar la participación de Estados Unidos en el Acuerdo de París , revocar el permiso para el oleoducto Keystone XL y detener la financiación del muro fronterizo de Trump . [4] En su segundo día, emitió una serie de órdenes ejecutivas para reducir el impacto de COVID-19 , incluida la invocación de la Ley de Producción de Defensa de 1950 , y estableció un objetivo temprano de lograr cien millones de vacunas COVID-19 en los Estados Unidos en sus primeros 100 días. [5] La primera legislación importante firmada por Biden fue la Ley del Plan de Rescate Estadounidense de 2021 , un proyecto de ley de estímulo de $ 1,9 billones que estableció temporalmente un seguro de desempleo ampliado y envió cheques de estímulo de $ 1,400 a la mayoría de los estadounidenses en respuesta a la continua presión económica de COVID-19. [6] Firmó la Ley bipartidista de Inversión en Infraestructura y Empleos , un plan de diez años negociado por Biden junto con demócratas y republicanos en el Congreso para invertir en carreteras, puentes, transporte público, puertos y acceso a banda ancha estadounidenses. [7]

Biden propuso una importante expansión de la red de seguridad social de Estados Unidos a través de la Ley Build Back Better , pero esos esfuerzos, junto con la legislación sobre el derecho al voto , fracasaron en el Congreso. En agosto de 2022, Biden firmó la Ley de Reducción de la Inflación de 2022 , un proyecto de ley de asignaciones nacionales que incluía algunas de las disposiciones de la Ley Build Back Better después de que el proyecto de ley en su totalidad no se aprobara. Incluía una importante inversión federal en el clima y la producción nacional de energía limpia, créditos fiscales para paneles solares, coches eléctricos y otros programas de energía para el hogar, así como una extensión de tres años de los subsidios de la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible , un tope al precio de la insulina y una disposición que permite a Medicare negociar los precios de los medicamentos. A fines de 2022, Biden firmó la Ley de Respeto al Matrimonio , que derogó la Ley de Defensa del Matrimonio y codificó el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo e interracial en los Estados Unidos. Otras leyes nacionales firmadas durante su mandato incluyeron la Ley Bipartidista de Comunidades Más Seguras , la primera ley federal importante de control de armas en casi tres décadas; [8] la Ley CHIPS y Ciencia , que refuerza la industria de semiconductores y fabricación; la Ley Honoring our PACT , que amplía la atención médica para los veteranos estadounidenses; la Ley de Reforma del Conteo Electoral y Mejora de la Transición Presidencial ; y la Ley del Día de la Independencia Nacional Juneteenth , que convierte el Juneteenth en un feriado federal en los Estados Unidos . Nombró a Ketanji Brown Jackson para la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos , la primera mujer negra en servir en la corte. En respuesta a la crisis del techo de la deuda de 2023 , Biden negoció y firmó la Ley de Responsabilidad Fiscal de 2023 , que restringe el gasto federal para los años fiscales 2024 y 2025, implementa cambios menores en SNAP y TANF , incluye una reforma de permisos energéticos, recupera algunos fondos del IRS y dinero no gastado para COVID-19 , y suspende el techo de la deuda hasta el 1 de enero de 2025. [9] Estableció el Cuerpo Estadounidense del Clima y creó la primera Oficina de Prevención de la Violencia con Armas de Fuego de la Casa Blanca . El 26 de septiembre de 2023, Biden visitó una línea de piquetes de United Auto Workers durante la huelga de United Auto Workers de 2023., convirtiéndose en el primer presidente estadounidense en visitar uno. Biden también hizo cumplir rigurosamente las leyes antimonopolio al nombrar a Lina Khan para dirigir la FTC . [10]

El objetivo de política exterior de la administración Biden es restaurar a Estados Unidos a una "posición de liderazgo confiable" entre las democracias globales para abordar los desafíos planteados por Rusia y China . Biden firmó AUKUS , una alianza de seguridad internacional junto con Australia y el Reino Unido . Apoyó la expansión de la OTAN con las incorporaciones de Finlandia y Suecia . Biden aprobó una redada que condujo a la muerte de Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi , el líder del Estado Islámico , y aprobó un ataque con drones que mató a Ayman Al Zawahiri , líder de Al-Qaeda. Completó la retirada de las fuerzas militares estadounidenses de Afganistán , declarando el fin de los esfuerzos de construcción de naciones y cambiando la política exterior estadounidense hacia la competencia estratégica con China y, en menor medida, Rusia. [11] [12] [13] Sin embargo, durante la retirada, el gobierno afgano colapsó y los talibanes tomaron el control , lo que llevó a Biden a recibir críticas bipartidistas. Respondió a la invasión rusa de Ucrania imponiendo sanciones a Rusia y proporcionando a Ucrania más de 100 mil millones de dólares en ayuda militar, económica y humanitaria combinada . [14] [15] Durante la guerra entre Israel y Hamás , Biden condenó las acciones de Hamás y otros militantes palestinos como terrorismo y anunció el apoyo militar estadounidense a Israel ; también envió ayuda humanitaria a la Franja de Gaza y negoció una pausa temporal de cuatro días y un intercambio de rehenes . Biden negoció y supervisó el intercambio de prisioneros de Ankara de 2024 , el mayor intercambio de prisioneros desde el final de la Guerra Fría , que implicó la liberación de veintiséis personas, incluido el periodista estadounidense Evan Gershkovich y el ex marine de los Estados Unidos Paul Whelan .

Biden comenzó su mandato con índices de aprobación superiores al 50%; sin embargo, estos cayeron significativamente después de la retirada de Afganistán, [16] y se mantuvieron bajos a medida que el país experimentaba una alta inflación y un aumento de los precios de la gasolina, incluso cuando finalmente se reducirían durante su presidencia. [17] [18] Su edad y su aptitud mental siguieron siendo un tema frecuente de discusión durante toda su presidencia, que finalmente culminó en su tardía decisión de no buscar la reelección. [19] A pesar de esto, Biden supervisó la recuperación económica más fuerte de cualquier nación del G7 después de COVID-19 y una de las recuperaciones económicas más fuertes en la historia de los Estados Unidos, rompiendo un récord de 70 años de bajo desempleo, [20] y la creación de más de 16 millones de nuevos empleos, la mayor cantidad de cualquier presidente de un solo mandato. [21]

Elecciones 2020

Resultados de la votación del Colegio Electoral de 2020

Joe Biden anunció oficialmente su candidatura para la nominación demócrata en las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 el 25 de abril de 2019, habiendo buscado previamente la nominación demócrata en 1988 y 2008 , sin éxito en ambas ocasiones. [22] En junio de 2020, Biden consiguió la nominación al ganar la mayoría de los delegados. Biden seleccionó a la senadora Kamala Harris de California como su compañera de fórmula, y fueron nominados oficialmente como la candidatura demócrata en la Convención Nacional Demócrata de 2020 .

El 7 de noviembre, cuatro días después del día de las elecciones , se proyectó que Biden había derrotado al presidente republicano en ejercicio Donald Trump , convirtiéndose en presidente electo de los Estados Unidos [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] con 306 del total de 538 votos electorales y el 51,3% de los votos populares. La campaña de Trump lanzó al menos 63 demandas contra los resultados , [28] especialmente en los estados en disputa de Arizona , Georgia , Michigan , Nevada , Pensilvania y Wisconsin , planteando reclamos sin evidencia de fraude electoral generalizado que posteriormente fueron desestimados por los tribunales. [29] [30] En las elecciones al Congreso concurrentes , los demócratas mantuvieron una estrecha mayoría en la Cámara de Representantes y tomaron el control del Senado por un estrecho margen , dejando el equilibrio partidista en el Senado en cincuenta demócratas y cincuenta republicanos.

Periodo de transición, toma de posesión y primeros 100 días

Soldados de la Guardia Nacional de Estados Unidos en el Capitolio, 20 de enero de 2021

Aunque Biden fue reconocido en general como el ganador, [24] [25] [26] [27] la directora de la Administración de Servicios Generales, Emily W. Murphy, inicialmente se negó a comenzar la transición al presidente electo, negando así fondos y espacio de oficina a su equipo. [31] [32] El 23 de noviembre, después de que Michigan certificara sus resultados, Murphy emitió la carta de confirmación, otorgando al equipo de transición de Biden acceso a fondos y recursos federales para una transición ordenada. [33]

Dos días después de convertirse en el ganador proyectado de las elecciones de 2020, Biden anunció la formación de un grupo de trabajo para asesorarlo sobre la pandemia de COVID-19 durante la transición, copresidido por el ex Cirujano General Vivek Murthy , el ex comisionado de la FDA David A. Kessler y Marcella Nunez-Smith de la Universidad de Yale . [34]

El 5 de enero de 2021, el Partido Demócrata obtuvo el control del Senado de los Estados Unidos , efectivo a partir del 20 de enero, como resultado de las victorias electorales en Georgia de Jon Ossoff en una segunda vuelta electoral para un mandato de seis años y de Raphael Warnock en una segunda vuelta electoral especial para un mandato de dos años . [35] [36] El presidente electo Biden había apoyado y hecho campaña por ambos candidatos antes de las elecciones de segunda vuelta del 5 de enero. [37] [38]

El 6 de enero, una turba de miles de partidarios de Trump irrumpió violentamente en el Capitolio con la esperanza de revocar la elección de Biden, obligando al Congreso a evacuar durante el recuento de los votos del Colegio Electoral . [39] [40] Más de 26.000 miembros de la Guardia Nacional fueron desplegados en la capital para la inauguración, y miles permanecieron hasta la primavera. [41]

El presidente del Tribunal Supremo, John Roberts, administra el juramento presidencial a Biden en el Capitolio , el 20 de enero de 2021.

El 20 de enero de 2021, Biden fue juramentado por el presidente de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos, John Roberts , como el 46.º presidente de los Estados Unidos , completando el juramento del cargo a las 11:49 am EST, once minutos antes del inicio legal de su mandato. [42] [43]

Discurso inaugural

El discurso inaugural de Biden expuso su visión de unir a la nación, precedido por los diversos impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19, los conflictos económicos , el cambio climático , la polarización política y la injusticia racial . [44] Biden pidió poner fin a la "guerra incivil" de las culturas políticas, demográficas e ideológicas estadounidenses a través de una mayor aceptación de la diversidad. [45] Citó la Guerra Civil estadounidense , la Gran Depresión , las guerras mundiales y los ataques del 11 de septiembre como momentos en la historia estadounidense en los que prevalecieron los "mejores ángeles" de los ciudadanos, diciendo que la unidad, la solución, debe invocarse nuevamente para surgir de las crisis "en cascada" del presente; esta unidad, proclamó, existe en los "objetos comunes" que definen a Estados Unidos: "oportunidad, libertad, dignidad, respeto, honor y ... verdad". [46] [47] Condenó explícitamente la supremacía blanca y el nativismo , llamándolos una "fea realidad" de la vida estadounidense que jura derrotar y que nubla el "ideal estadounidense" establecido en la Declaración de Independencia de los Estados Unidos : que todos los estadounidenses son iguales . [45] [47] [48] Biden prometió que Estados Unidos "volvería a comprometerse con el mundo", "repararía nuestras alianzas" y actuaría como un "socio de confianza para la paz y la seguridad". [49] Cerca de la conclusión de su discurso, Biden guardó un momento de silencio por los que murieron en la pandemia de COVID-19. [46] Citando la composición de Gene Scheer "American Anthem", [50] imploró a los estadounidenses que consideraran su legado al responder al "llamado de la historia" para proteger "la democracia, la esperanza, la verdad y la justicia", "asegurar la libertad" y hacer de Estados Unidos un "faro para el mundo", insistiendo en que generaciones de sus descendientes los juzgarían por sus acciones. [46]

Administración

Biden fue investido junto a Kamala Harris , la primera mujer, primera afroamericana y primera asiático-estadounidense vicepresidenta. [51]

El 11 de noviembre de 2020, Biden seleccionó a Ron Klain , quien se desempeñó como su jefe de gabinete de vicepresidente, para servir como su jefe de gabinete de la Casa Blanca . [52] Biden eligió a Jen Psaki , subsecretaria de prensa de la Casa Blanca y portavoz del Departamento de Estado de EE. UU. durante la presidencia de Barack Obama , como su secretaria de prensa de la Casa Blanca. Psaki anunció y realizó conferencias de prensa diarias para los reporteros de la Casa Blanca. El 25 de marzo de 2021, Biden celebró su primera conferencia de prensa en solitario después de 64 días en el cargo, [53] a diferencia de sus predecesores más recientes (desde Herbert Hoover en 1929), quienes celebraron sus primeras conferencias de prensa en solitario dentro de los 33 días de asumir el cargo. [54] [55]

El 17 de noviembre de 2020, Biden anunció que había seleccionado a Mike Donilon como asesor principal y a Steve Ricchetti como consejero. [56] Jen O'Malley Dillon , quien se había desempeñado como directora de campaña de la exitosa campaña presidencial de Biden, fue nombrada jefa de gabinete adjunta. [57]

Gabinete

Biden eligió a Antony Blinken como secretario de Estado, a Linda Thomas-Greenfield como embajadora ante las Naciones Unidas y a Jake Sullivan como asesor de seguridad nacional. [58] [59]

El 23 de noviembre de 2020, Biden anunció que Alejandro Mayorkas sería su elección para Secretario de Seguridad Nacional y Avril Haines como Directora de Inteligencia Nacional . [60] A lo largo de diciembre y enero, Biden continuó seleccionando miembros del gabinete, incluido Marty Walsh , el entonces actual alcalde de Boston, como su Secretario de Trabajo . [61] [62]

Biden modificó la estructura de su gabinete, elevando al presidente del Consejo de Asesores Económicos , al director de la Oficina de Política Científica y Tecnológica y al embajador ante las Naciones Unidas a puestos de nivel de gabinete. [63] [64] [65] Biden eliminó al director de la Agencia Central de Inteligencia de su gabinete oficial al inicio de su presidencia, pero lo restableció en el gabinete en 2023. [66] [67]

Mientras administraba el juramento a cientos de funcionarios de la Casa Blanca a través de una videoconferencia , Biden pidió más civilidad en la política, diciendo: "Si alguna vez trabajas conmigo y te escucho tratar a otro colega con falta de respeto, hablar con condescendencia a alguien, te prometo que te despediré en el acto... Sin peros ni condiciones". [68]

Nombramientos judiciales

Al 25 de septiembre de 2024 , el Senado de los Estados Unidos ha confirmado a 213 jueces del Artículo III nominados por Biden: un juez asociado de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos , 44 jueces para los tribunales de apelaciones de los Estados Unidos , 166 jueces para los tribunales de distrito de los Estados Unidos y dos jueces para el Tribunal de Comercio Internacional de los Estados Unidos .

Nominaciones a la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos

La jueza Ketanji Brown Jackson con el presidente Joe Biden en 2022
El 26 de enero de 2022, se informó que el juez Stephen Breyer planeaba dimitir al final del mandato actual de la corte, lo que le dio a Biden su primera oportunidad de nombrar a un juez para la corte. [69] El 27 de enero, Biden reiteró su intención de cumplir su promesa de campaña de nominar a una mujer negra . [70] El 22 de febrero, se informó que Biden se había reunido con sus tres principales contendientes, Ketanji Brown Jackson , J. Michelle Childs y Leondra Kruger . [71] [72] El 25 de febrero, se anunció que Biden nominaría al juez Jackson. [73] [74] [ 75] [76] El 7 de abril de 2022, Jackson fue confirmada por una votación de 53 a 47. [77] Luego prestó juramento el 30 de junio de 2022, al mediodía, cuando entró en vigencia la jubilación de Breyer. [78] [79] [80] [81]

Asuntos domésticos

El presidente Biden se dirige a una sesión conjunta del Congreso, con la vicepresidenta Kamala Harris y la presidenta de la Cámara de Representantes, Nancy Pelosi , el 28 de abril de 2021.

Cuidado de la salud

Biden hizo una fuerte campaña para la presidencia en torno a la opción pública , una política que, de haberse promulgado como ley, habría ofrecido a los estadounidenses la opción de mantener su seguro médico privado o comprar Medicare. La idea fue vista como un compromiso entre los flancos progresistas y moderados del Partido Demócrata . La campaña de Biden describió la opción pública como un "plan para proteger y desarrollar ObamaCare ". [82]

Sin embargo, poco antes de asumir el cargo en enero de 2021, el equipo de Biden abandonó abruptamente la propuesta, frustrando a muchos progresistas en línea que ya veían la propuesta de atención médica de opción pública como un fracaso en la lucha contra el status quo. [83]

La administración Biden rescindió los requisitos de trabajo para los beneficiarios de Medicaid . [84] La administración abrió un período especial de inscripción para la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible y extendió el período normal de inscripción, citando la pandemia de COVID-19. [85] [86] La administración proporcionó subsidios de primas más grandes. [87]

En agosto de 2022, el presidente Biden promulgó la Ley de Reducción de la Inflación de 2022. La ley asigna 64 mil millones de dólares [ cita requerida ] para una expansión de tres años de los subsidios de la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible originalmente ampliados bajo la Ley del Plan de Rescate Estadounidense de 2021 y 265 mil millones de dólares [ cita requerida ] para la reforma de los precios de los medicamentos recetados para reducir los precios, lo que incluye otorgarle a Medicare la autoridad para negociar los precios de ciertos medicamentos con las compañías farmacéuticas. [88]

Ese mismo mes, Biden firmó la ley Honoring our PACT Act de 2022 , que amplía el acceso a la atención médica federal, los servicios y la financiación para los veteranos que estuvieron expuestos a sustancias tóxicas durante su servicio, incluido el humo tóxico de los pozos de quema . [89]

Epidemia de opioides

Muertes anuales por sobredosis de todas las drogas en los Estados Unidos. [90]

Las sobredosis de drogas mataron a 106.699 personas en los Estados Unidos en 2021. [91] Los opioides estuvieron involucrados en 80.411 muertes por sobredosis en 2021, frente a alrededor de 10.000 en 1999. [92]

En junio de 2023, los fiscales federales estadounidenses anunciaron acusaciones penales contra los productores de precursores de fentanilo en China. [93] En octubre de 2023, la OFAC sancionó a una red de fabricantes y distribuidores de fentanilo con sede en China. [94] [95] En 2023, la administración Biden anunció una ofensiva contra los cárteles de la droga mexicanos que contrabandean fentanilo a los Estados Unidos. [96]

Rahul Gupta lideró los esfuerzos de la Casa Blanca para combatir la epidemia de opioides . [97]

Pandemia de COVID-19

El presidente Biden visita una planta de fabricación de vacunas

El 20 de enero de 2021, su primer día como presidente, Biden implementó un mandato federal de uso de mascarillas , que requiere el uso de mascarillas y el distanciamiento social en todos los edificios federales, en tierras federales y por parte de empleados y contratistas federales. [98] [99] [4] Biden también firmó una orden ejecutiva que revirtió la retirada de Estados Unidos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), convirtiendo al Dr. Anthony Fauci en el jefe de la delegación ante la OMS. [99] El 21 de enero, la administración publicó un documento de 200 páginas titulado "Estrategia nacional para la respuesta al COVID-19 y la preparación para una pandemia". [100] [101] En su segundo día en el cargo, Biden invocó la Ley de Producción de Defensa para acelerar el proceso de vacunación y garantizar la disponibilidad de viales de vidrio, jeringas y otros suministros de vacunas a nivel federal. [102] [103] Al justificar su uso de la ley, Biden dijo: "Y cuando digo tiempos de guerra, la gente me mira como '¿tiempos de guerra?' Bueno, como dije anoche, 400.000 estadounidenses han muerto. Eso es más de lo que han muerto en toda la Segunda Guerra Mundial. 400.000. Esta es una tarea de guerra". [104] Biden estableció el Equipo de Respuesta al COVID-19 de la Casa Blanca , una oficina de la Casa Blanca dedicada a coordinar una respuesta unificada del gobierno federal. [105]

Según un informe de Reuters , a mediados de 2021 la administración Biden puso fin a una campaña de propaganda dirigida por los militares para difundir desinformación sobre la vacuna china Sinovac COVID-19 que había comenzado en 2020 durante la administración Trump. [106] La campaña fue descrita como una "venganza" por la desinformación sobre COVID-19 por parte de China dirigida contra los EE. UU . [107] Dirigida principalmente a personas en Filipinas , la campaña utilizó cuentas falsas en las redes sociales para difundir desinformación, incluyendo que la vacuna Sinovac contenía ingredientes derivados del cerdo y, por lo tanto, era haram según la ley islámica . [106]

El 21 de enero de 2021, Biden firmó diez órdenes ejecutivas relacionadas con la pandemia de COVID-19. [108] Para cumplir con su objetivo de vacunación de cien millones de dosis en sus primeros 100 días en el cargo, Biden firmó una orden ejecutiva que aumenta los suministros necesarios. [5] [109] Biden firmó una orden el 21 de enero que ordenaba a FEMA ofrecer reembolsos completos a los estados por el costo de utilizar su propio personal de la Guardia Nacional y suministros de emergencia como equipo de protección personal en las escuelas. [5] [110] El 24 de enero de 2021, Biden restableció una prohibición de viaje impuesta por el presidente Trump a Brasil , Reino Unido , Irlanda , Sudáfrica y otros 26 países europeos. [111] [112] [113] La prohibición de viaje impide que los ciudadanos no estadounidenses que viven en los países prospectivos ingresen a los EE. UU. [114] Biden implementó un requisito de máscara facial en casi todas las formas de transporte público y dentro de los centros de transporte; Anteriormente, los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) habían recomendado que se promulgara dicha política, pero fue bloqueada por la administración Trump, bajo la cual los CDC emitieron recomendaciones firmes, aunque no vinculantes, para el uso de mascarillas en estos entornos. [115]

A mediados de marzo de 2021, Biden desestimó una solicitud de la Unión Europea para exportar vacunas contra la COVID-19 no utilizadas de AstraZeneca fuera de Estados Unidos, a pesar de que el fabricante la respaldó y prometió reabastecer las dosis. La razón de esta decisión, que contribuyó a las bajas tasas de vacunación europeas, fue que Estados Unidos tenía que estar "sobreabastecido y sobrepreparado", según la secretaria de prensa de la Casa Blanca, Jen Psaki . [116] Mientras que Estados Unidos no exportó vacunas, la Unión Europea exportó 77 millones de dosis al mundo entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021. [117] Finalmente, Estados Unidos cambió de postura y entregó dosis de vacunas de AstraZeneca a México, Canadá y Japón a fines de marzo. [118]

El 6 de mayo de 2021, la administración Biden anunció que apoya la eliminación de las protecciones de patentes sobre las vacunas existentes contra la COVID-19 para que otros países puedan producir variantes genéricas, después de semanas de presión por parte de la comunidad internacional. [119] El 7 de mayo, el presidente francés, Emmanuel Macron, pidió a Estados Unidos "poner fin a las prohibiciones a la exportación no solo de vacunas, sino también de ingredientes de vacunas, que impiden la producción". [120]

El 26 de mayo de 2021, Biden ordenó a las agencias de inteligencia estadounidenses que aumentaran sus investigaciones sobre el origen del virus , después de informes de que investigadores del Instituto de Virología de Wuhan se enfermaron un mes antes de que comenzara la pandemia. [121]

En julio de 2021, en medio de una desaceleración de la tasa de vacunación contra la COVID-19 en el país y la propagación de la variante Delta del SARS-CoV-2 , Biden dijo que Estados Unidos tiene "una pandemia para quienes no se han vacunado" y que, por lo tanto, era "gigantescamente importante" que los estadounidenses se vacunen, promocionando la eficacia de las vacunas contra las hospitalizaciones y las muertes por COVID-19. [122] También criticó la prevalencia de la desinformación sobre la COVID-19 en las redes sociales, diciendo que estaba "matando gente". [123]

A pesar de meses de disponibilidad de vacunas e incentivos, en septiembre muchos estadounidenses seguían resistiéndose a la vacunación en medio de un aumento de casos en varios estados, lo que obstaculizaba las perspectivas de lograr la inmunidad colectiva . El 9 de septiembre, Biden declaró: "Hemos sido pacientes. Pero nuestra paciencia se está agotando, y su negativa nos ha costado a todos". Ese día emitió una orden ejecutiva que ordenaba a las empresas con más de 100 empleados que exigieran la vacunación de sus trabajadores o pruebas semanales, lo que afectaba a unos 80 millones de estadounidenses. La orden también exigía que los aproximadamente 17 millones de empleados de los centros de salud que reciben Medicare o Medicaid federales se vacunaran. [124] Muchos republicanos afirmaron que la orden de Biden era una extralimitación inconstitucional de la autoridad federal, y algunos gobernadores republicanos dijeron que presentarían una demanda para bloquearla. [125]

En diciembre de 2021, la administración Biden respondió a la propagación mundial de la variante ómicron del SARS-CoV-2 abogando por una respuesta de los estados en lugar del gobierno federal. [126] A lo largo del aumento de casos, la administración Biden ha sido criticada por la falta de pruebas de COVID-19 , lo que agravó la propagación de la variante ómicron. Cuando se le preguntó sobre la aparente escasez de pruebas, Jen Psaki respondió: "¿Deberíamos enviar una a cada estadounidense? ¿Qué pasa entonces si cada estadounidense tiene una prueba? ¿Cuánto cuesta y qué pasa después?", [127] lo que provocó una reacción negativa. [128] La administración Biden respondió prometiendo un mayor suministro de pruebas para el hogar a finales de 2022. [129]

En medio de un récord histórico de nuevos casos de COVID-19, [130] los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades revisaron sus pautas, recomendando cinco días de cuarentena en lugar de diez sin requerir una prueba de COVID-19 negativa. [131] Esta medida fue criticada por expertos en salud a quienes les preocupa que sin pruebas rápidas , las personas con COVID-19 positivo puedan propagar sin saberlo la COVID-19 en los lugares de trabajo según las pautas recomendadas por los CDC. Otros critican a los CDC por implementar este cambio después del cabildeo de Delta Airlines , lo que provocó una reacción negativa en las redes sociales contra el gobierno federal. [132]

Investigación sobre el cáncer

El presidente Biden anuncia la reactivación del Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot , el 2 de febrero de 2022.

Biden pronunció un discurso en la Biblioteca y Museo Presidencial John F. Kennedy el 12 de septiembre de 2022, el 60.° aniversario del discurso de Kennedy Elegimos ir a la Luna , promoviendo la reactivación de su administración del Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot , incluida la nueva Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzada para la Salud . [133]

Economía

En julio de 2024, The New Republic elogió el historial económico de Biden, destacando que el desempleo, que se encontraba en niveles históricamente bajos, condujo a un crecimiento de los salarios en el extremo inferior de la distribución salarial, ya que los trabajadores tenían más poder de negociación. Si bien la inflación fue dolorosa, ha vuelto a niveles cercanos a los que tenía antes de la pandemia y fue similar a la de países similares, aunque Estados Unidos ha crecido más rápido que sus pares. [134] La expansión de la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible , el crédito fiscal por hijo , los cheques de estímulo de $1400y la expansión de los beneficios del SNAP también impulsaron los balances de los estadounidenses de ingresos bajos y medios. [134] La creación de nuevas empresas aumentó un 30% con respecto a los niveles previos a la pandemia y fue notablemente fuerte entre las mujeres. [134] Biden también firmó tres importantes leyes económicas a largo plazo para reparar infraestructuras como carreteras, puentes y tuberías de agua, impulsar la inversión en semiconductores y expandir la energía verde. [134]

En febrero de 2024, la deuda total del gobierno federal aumentó a 34,4 billones de dólares después de haber crecido aproximadamente 1 billón de dólares en cada uno de los dos períodos separados de 100 días desde junio del año anterior. [135]

Plan para reconstruir mejor

Reducciones de precios al consumidor

La administración también buscó bajar los precios de los medicamentos al permitir que Medicare negociara los precios que paga y limitar el precio de la insulina . [134]

En 2024, Biden presionó para limitar las tarifas basura a través de la FTC, la FCC y la CFPB . [136]

Biden se tomó las leyes antimonopolio más en serio que los presidentes en la historia reciente, como lo demuestra el trabajo de Lina Khan en la FTC , [134] una histórica victoria judicial contra el monopolio de búsqueda de Google y una demanda para desmantelar Live Nation y Ticketmaster . [136]

Ley del Plan de Rescate Estadounidense de 2021
El presidente Biden firma la Ley del Plan de Rescate Estadounidense de 2021, el 11 de marzo de 2021.

El 14 de enero de 2021, Biden reveló un proyecto de ley de estímulo de 1,9 billones de dólares , la Ley del Plan de Rescate Estadounidense de 2021. [ 137] El plan incluye 1 billón de dólares en ayuda directa, incluidos cheques de 1.400 dólares por persona, para los estadounidenses trabajadores, y proporcionaría asistencia directa para vivienda y nutrición, ampliando el acceso a un cuidado infantil seguro y confiable y una atención médica asequible, aumentando el salario mínimo, ampliando el seguro de desempleo y dando a las familias con niños y a los trabajadores sin hijos un impulso de emergencia este año. [138] [139] También ampliaría la elegibilidad de estos cheques a los dependientes adultos que han quedado fuera de las rondas de ayuda anteriores. [138] [139] [137] El plan incluye además 440.000 millones de dólares en apoyo comunitario, proporcionando 350.000 millones de dólares de apoyo comunitario a los socorristas, mientras que el resto se destina a subvenciones para pequeñas empresas y agencias de transporte; 400.000 millones de dólares para un plan nacional de vacunación y reaperturas escolares; y 10.000 millones de dólares para tecnología de la información, modernizando la infraestructura federal de ciberseguridad. [137] [139] En su primera conferencia de prensa, la secretaria de prensa Psaki dijo que era probable que el plan cambiara a medida que continuaran las negociaciones, y que la disposición para aumentar el salario mínimo se excluiría más tarde del plan de ayuda. [140] Biden convirtió el Plan en ley el 11 de marzo de 2021, y pasó por ambas cámaras del Congreso con una votación de línea partidaria . [141] [142]

El plan invoca la Ley de Producción de Defensa de 1950 para garantizar que la producción de equipos de protección personal , viales de vidrio, jeringas y otros suministros supere la demanda. [138] Permite a los socios de los estados crear centros de vacunación en estadios, centros de convenciones y farmacias. [102] El gobierno federal identificaría las comunidades que se han visto más afectadas por la COVID-19 y se aseguraría de que la vacuna no llegue a ellas a un ritmo injusto. [139] [138] [102] Además, el plan lanzaría una campaña nacional para educar a los estadounidenses sobre la vacuna y la COVID-19, apuntando a la desinformación relacionada con la pandemia . [102] Las vacunas también estarían disponibles gratuitamente para todos los ciudadanos independientemente de su estatus migratorio. [138] En el plan de Biden, emitiría una estrategia nacional de pruebas que intenta mitigar la propagación de la COVID-19 aumentando la capacidad de los laboratorios y ampliando las pruebas. El plan también desarrollaría nuevos tratamientos para la COVID-19. [138] [137] [139] [102]

Plan de Familias Estadounidenses

El 28 de abril, durante el discurso de Biden ante el Congreso, dio a conocer el Plan de Familias Estadounidenses, una propuesta de aproximadamente 1,8 billones de dólares para aumentar significativamente el gasto federal en áreas relacionadas con el cuidado infantil , las licencias pagadas , el preescolar , los colegios comunitarios y la atención médica . [143] [144] Se considera que es la tercera parte de la agenda "Reconstruir mejor" de Biden (la primera es el Plan de Rescate Estadounidense y la segunda es el Plan de Empleo Estadounidense ). [145] El proyecto de ley se fusionó efectivamente con el cambio climático y otras disposiciones que no llegaron a la Ley de Inversión en Infraestructura y Empleo, por un total de 3,5 billones de dólares de la Ley de Reconstrucción Mejor . Sin embargo, el proyecto de ley no tuvo el apoyo republicano, y los demócratas lucharon para ganar el apoyo del senador Joe Manchin de Virginia Occidental para aprobarlo en una votación de línea de partido a través de la reconciliación presupuestaria , incluso cuando el precio se redujo a 2,2 billones de dólares. [146] Después de que el proyecto de ley finalmente no cumpliera con su costo previsto, Manchin lo rechazó públicamente, condenando su aprobación. [147]

Mano de obra

El 22 de enero de 2021, Biden firmó una orden ejecutiva que eliminó el Anexo F, anulando una serie de políticas de Trump que limitaban el poder de negociación colectiva de los sindicatos federales. [148] [149] La orden ejecutiva de Biden también promueve un salario mínimo de $15 para los trabajadores federales y deroga tres de las órdenes ejecutivas de Trump que hicieron más estricto el proceso de disciplina de los empleados y restringieron el acceso de los representantes sindicales a los espacios de oficina. Además de promover un salario mínimo de $15, la orden ejecutiva de Biden aumenta la cantidad de dinero que se destina a las familias de los niños que se pierden comidas debido al cierre de las escuelas debido a la pandemia en un 15%. [150] La derogación de las tres órdenes ejecutivas de Trump se produce cuando las órdenes se utilizaron para transferir a funcionarios públicos y científicos de carrera y reemplazarlos con empleados amigos de la administración Trump. [151]

El día de la inauguración de 2021, Biden despidió al pro-empresarial Peter Robb , entonces consejero general de la Junta Nacional de Relaciones Laborales , [152] reemplazándolo por la pro-sindical Jennifer Abruzzo en febrero de 2021. [153] La NLRB de Biden ha emprendido acciones contra las supuestas actividades antisindicales de Starbucks y Amazon . [154] El 24 de agosto de 2023, la NLRB restableció las políticas de la era Obama con respecto a las elecciones sindicales, acelerando el cronograma al eliminar restricciones como la resolución de litigios antes de celebrar una elección. [155]

A finales de 2022, Biden firmó un proyecto de ley que obligaba a los trabajadores sindicalizados a llegar a un acuerdo con las empresas ferroviarias para evitar una huelga, lo que le valió críticas de los progresistas y de los trabajadores ferroviarios. [156] [157] [158] Posteriormente, Biden presionó a las empresas ferroviarias para que ofrecieran licencia por enfermedad remunerada a los trabajadores, lo que había sido una demanda clave en la huelga planificada originalmente. [159] Más del 60% de los trabajadores ferroviarios tenían acuerdos de licencia por enfermedad en junio de 2023. [160]

En la huelga de 2023 de United Auto Workers , Biden repitió el lema del líder sindical Shawn Fain "ganancias récord, contratos récord" y expresó su apoyo a los trabajadores en las negociaciones. [161] Biden asignó a dos funcionarios de la Casa Blanca para ayudar en los esfuerzos de negociación, el asesor principal Gene Sperling y la secretaria de Trabajo interina Julie Su . [162] El 26 de septiembre, Biden se unió a los trabajadores en huelga de UAW en la línea de piquetes en Michigan, convirtiéndose en el primer presidente en hacerlo. [163]

Biden se convirtió en el primer presidente estadounidense en presentarse a las elecciones de 2024 con un equipo de campaña sindicalizado . [164]

Bancario

Tras el colapso del Silicon Valley Bank en 2023, Biden expresó su oposición a un rescate que fuera asumido por los contribuyentes. [165] También afirmó que la desmantelación parcial de las regulaciones Dodd-Frank contribuyó a las quiebras bancarias. [166]

Fabricación nacional

Biden firmó una orden ejecutiva destinada a apoyar a los fabricantes nacionales aumentando la preferencia federal para la compra de bienes fabricados total o parcialmente en los EE. UU. Utilizando el término amplio "leyes Made in America", el objetivo declarado de la orden ejecutiva es fortalecer "todos los estatutos, reglamentos, reglas y órdenes ejecutivas relacionados con las adjudicaciones de asistencia financiera federal o las adquisiciones federales, incluidas aquellas que se refieren a 'Compre Estados Unidos' o ' Compre Estados Unidos '". [167] [168]

El 9 de agosto de 2022, Biden promovió activamente y firmó la ley CHIPS and Science Act , que autorizó 52 mil millones de dólares para la investigación y fabricación de semiconductores nacionales. [169] El 16 de agosto de 2022, Biden firmó la Ley de Reducción de la Inflación de 2022 , que incluía disposiciones para apoyar la producción nacional de paneles solares, turbinas eólicas y otras infraestructuras. [170] Debido a los incentivos de la Ley CHIPS and Science, Micron Technology invertirá miles de millones en la fabricación de nuevos semiconductores en Nueva York . [171]

Comercio

El Wall Street Journal informó que, en lugar de negociar el acceso a los mercados chinos para las grandes empresas estadounidenses de servicios financieros y farmacéuticas, la administración Biden podría centrarse en políticas comerciales que impulsen las exportaciones o el empleo interno. La representante comercial de Estados Unidos, Katherine Tai, dijo que la administración quiere una "política comercial centrada en los trabajadores". [172] [173] La secretaria de Comercio de Estados Unidos, Gina Raimondo, dijo que planeaba aplicar agresivamente las normas comerciales para combatir las prácticas desleales de China. [174]

En marzo de 2021, en su primera entrevista desde que asumió el cargo, la representante comercial de Estados Unidos, Katherine Tai, dijo a The Wall Street Journal que Estados Unidos no levantaría los aranceles a las importaciones chinas en el futuro cercano, a pesar de los esfuerzos de lobby de los "libre comerciantes", incluido el exsecretario del Tesoro de Estados Unidos, Hank Paulson , y la Mesa Redonda Empresarial , un grupo de grandes empresas de Estados Unidos, que presionó para la derogación de los aranceles. [175]

En 2021, Estados Unidos suspendió su compromiso comercial diplomático con Myanmar tras un aumento de la violencia perpetrada por el ejército birmano contra los manifestantes antigolpistas . [176]

En mayo de 2024, la administración Biden aumentó los aranceles a las importaciones chinas, incluyendo una duplicación para las células solares ; una triplicación para las baterías de iones de litio para vehículos eléctricos ; y aumentos para el acero, el aluminio y el equipo médico. Esta es la primera vez que los minerales críticos, incluidos los imanes de tierras raras (componentes clave en los vehículos eléctricos e híbridos), han sido incluidos específicamente en los aranceles. [177] China produce y refina más del 90 por ciento del material de tierras raras del mundo . [178] Los aumentos de los aranceles se implementarán gradualmente durante un período de tres años. [179]

Infraestructura

El presidente Biden firma la Ley de Inversión en Infraestructura y Empleo, el 15 de noviembre de 2021.

Como parte del Plan Build Back Better, la administración Biden se propuso un gasto masivo en la infraestructura del país del orden de los 2 billones de dólares. [180] Varias de las disposiciones sobre infraestructura física incluidas en la propuesta se incluyeron en la Ley de Inversión en Infraestructura y Empleo. Biden firmó la ley el 15 de noviembre de 2021. [181]

Esta versión final incluía aproximadamente 1,2 billones de dólares en gastos, de los cuales 550 mil millones de dólares eran nuevos gastos autorizados además de lo que el Congreso planeaba autorizar regularmente. [182] El proyecto de ley incluía 7,5 mil millones de dólares para la carga de vehículos eléctricos. [183] ​​A marzo de 2024, se habían construido siete estaciones de carga con un total de 38 puntos para cargar vehículos. [183]

Fiscalidad internacional

El 1 de julio de 2021, los funcionarios de finanzas de 130 países acordaron planes para una nueva política fiscal internacional. Todas las principales economías acordaron aprobar leyes nacionales que exigirían a las corporaciones pagar al menos el 15% de impuestos sobre la renta en los países en los que operan. Esta nueva política pondría fin a la práctica de ubicar las sedes mundiales en países pequeños con tasas impositivas muy bajas. Los gobiernos esperan recuperar parte de los ingresos perdidos, estimados entre 100.000 y 240.000 millones de dólares cada año. El nuevo sistema fue promovido por la administración Biden y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos ( OCDE ). El Secretario General de la OCDE, Mathias Cormann , dijo: "Este paquete histórico garantizará que las grandes empresas multinacionales paguen su parte justa de impuestos en todas partes". [184]

Inflación

Inflación de enero de 2018 a junio de 2024 en EE. UU. (azul) y en la zona del euro (línea discontinua gris). La línea vertical marca el comienzo de la COVID-19. Fuente
Coste medio del alquiler en Estados Unidos [185]
Los salarios en Estados Unidos
  Salarios nominales

Las variables de más largo plazo que precedieron a la pandemia y contribuyeron al aumento de la inflación incluyen la escasez estructural de viviendas , [186] [187] [188] los impactos del cambio climático en los precios de los alimentos, la energía y los seguros de vivienda, [189] [190] [191] así como el tamaño de la deuda y los déficits gubernamentales . [192] [193] [194]

En medio de la recuperación de la COVID-19, la inflación aumentó hasta alcanzar la tasa más alta en cuarenta años, alcanzando un máximo del 9,1% en 2022, y muchas otras economías mundiales importantes alcanzaron un nivel similar. [195] [196] [197] [198] [199] Biden declaró durante su primer discurso sobre el Estado de la Unión el 1 de marzo de 2022 que abordar la inflación era su "máxima prioridad", al tiempo que promocionaba un plan antiinflacionario que, según él, abordaría los costos del transporte marítimo y los precios de los medicamentos recetados. [200]

La invasión rusa de Ucrania en 2022 provocó aumentos en los precios de los alimentos y la energía. [201] [202]

A fines de 2023, la Oficina del Censo de Estados Unidos descubrió que sin la inflación de la vivienda, la inflación habría sido de solo el 1,8%, en lugar del 3,2%. [203] Katy O'Donnell de Politico sostuvo que la escasez de viviendas, causada por la escasez artificial impulsada por el NIMBYism , había sido el mayor contribuyente a la inflación. [204] Freddie Mac estimó que la escasez de viviendas aumentó un 52% entre 2018 y 2020. [203] Entre 2020 y 2023, el cambio climático exacerbó las primas de seguros de vivienda en Estados Unidos en un 33%. [189] Los datos de julio de 2024 mostraron que la inflación había caído al 2,9%, con el aumento de los alquileres y los costos del cuidado infantil como los principales impulsores. [205]

La mayoría de los economistas encuestados por el WSJ en julio de 2024 concluyeron que la inflación sería peor con un segundo gobierno de Trump que con un segundo mandato de Biden, debido en parte a los aranceles, la represión de la inmigración ilegal y mayores déficits. [206]

Energía, medio ambiente y clima

El presidente Biden y el gobernador de Texas, Greg Abbott, visitan el Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia del Condado de Harris en Houston después de la crisis energética de Texas de 2021 , febrero de 2021.

General

Durante su primera semana en el cargo, Biden estableció el puesto de Asesor Nacional de Clima de la Casa Blanca , nombrando a la experta en salud ambiental y calidad del aire Gina McCarthy para el cargo. Biden también creó el puesto de Enviado Presidencial Especial de Estados Unidos para el Clima , nombrando al ex Secretario de Estado John Kerry . [207]

El 20 de enero de 2021, Biden firmó una orden ejecutiva que reincorporaba a Estados Unidos al Acuerdo de París . [208] [209] Con la reincorporación de Estados Unidos al acuerdo, los países responsables de dos tercios de las emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero se comprometerían a convertirse en carbono neutral, mientras que sin Estados Unidos es solo la mitad. [210] El mismo día, Biden también emitió una orden ejecutiva que canceló la construcción del oleoducto Keystone XL , una extensión del oleoducto Keystone . El oleoducto fue duramente criticado por activistas y grupos ambientales y nativos americanos. [211] [212] Esta orden también ordenó a las agencias revisar y revertir más de 100 acciones realizadas por Trump sobre el medio ambiente. [99]

El 27 de marzo de 2021, Biden invitó a más de cuarenta líderes mundiales a una cumbre climática. [213]

En agosto de 2022, Biden promulgó la Ley de Reducción de la Inflación de 2022 , un proyecto de ley de gasto interno nacido de las continuas negociaciones sobre la Ley de Reconstrucción Mejor después de su colapso, que cumplía con algunas de sus disposiciones iniciales. El proyecto de ley incluía una importante inversión federal en la producción nacional de energía limpia, la lucha contra el cambio climático y la atención sanitaria; apunta a reducir las emisiones de carbono de Estados Unidos en un 40% con respecto a los niveles máximos de 2005 para 2030, incluyó una extensión de tres años de los subsidios de la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible y autorizó a Medicare a comenzar a negociar costos más bajos de medicamentos recetados por primera vez. [4]

En mayo de 2022, el Consejo de Calidad Ambiental de la Casa Blanca publicó un informe en el que describe cómo la administración de Biden siguió las alrededor de 200 recomendaciones del Consejo Asesor de Justicia Ambiental de la Casa Blanca. El informe completo tiene alrededor de 150 páginas. El informe resume muchas de las medidas adoptadas por la administración en materia medioambiental. Entre otros, menciona logros importantes en los ámbitos de la eficiencia energética , la climatización , el desarrollo orientado al transporte público , la caminata , el ciclismo , el desarrollo de uso mixto y la cooperación con los pueblos indígenas de las Américas . [214]

En abril de 2024, Biden entregó 20.000 millones de dólares a ocho ONG medioambientales . El objetivo es reducir las emisiones de CO2 del país en 40 millones de toneladas al año con el dinero, al tiempo que se da el 70% de los beneficios a las comunidades de bajos ingresos. [ 215] [216] En el mismo mes, se espera que el American Climate Corps empiece a funcionar con varios cientos de miembros. Las tareas probablemente serán "cosas como instalar paneles solares, restaurar hábitats vulnerables y prevenir riesgos de incendios". Biden planea aumentar el número de participantes a 20.000 durante el primer año y luego se sumarán 50.000 más cada año hasta 2031. Sin embargo, este plan cuenta con la oposición de los republicanos. [217]

En mayo de 2024, la administración anunció unas directrices en torno a los mercados de carbono, que exigen una mayor verificabilidad por parte de los proveedores y una mayor transparencia por parte de los compradores. Las directrices no son vinculantes ni exigibles. [218]

Extracción y transporte de petróleo y gas

El 21 de enero de 2021, la administración Biden emitió una prohibición de 60 días sobre los arrendamientos y permisos de petróleo y gas en tierras y aguas federales. [219] El 27 de enero de 2021, Biden firmó una serie de órdenes ejecutivas destinadas a combatir el cambio climático , [220] una de ellas estableciendo el cambio climático como una consideración clave para la seguridad nacional y la política exterior de Estados Unidos. [221] En un intento de alentar la adhesión de Estados Unidos a la Enmienda de Kigali , un acuerdo internacional destinado a reducir la producción de hidrofluorocarbonos , la orden ejecutiva de Biden ordenó al Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos que presentara la Enmienda de Kigali al Senado. [222] [223]

Biden en la Cumbre de Líderes sobre el Clima en abril de 2021, celebrada virtualmente debido a la pandemia de COVID-19

En marzo de 2021, 21 fiscales generales republicanos de 21 estados demandaron a la administración Biden por revocar el permiso del oleoducto Keystone XL. La demanda afirma que la orden ejecutiva de Biden excedió su autoridad. [224] [225]

En mayo de 2021, la EPA revocó una norma de la administración Trump que le prohibía utilizar determinados estudios. [226] [227] La ​​norma anterior, que dificultaba el uso de estudios científicos importantes para justificar políticas de reducción de la contaminación, [228] ya había sido invalidada por un tribunal federal. [229]

El 1 de junio de 2021, la secretaria del Interior,  Deb Haaland,  suspendió todos los contratos de perforación de petróleo y gas en  el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre del Ártico de Alaska , en espera de una revisión más exhaustiva de sus impactos ambientales. [230]

En enero de 2021, Biden había emitido una prohibición de 60 días sobre los arrendamientos y permisos de petróleo y gas en tierras y aguas federales. Un grupo de fiscales generales estatales republicanos obtuvo con éxito una decisión en un tribunal federal para levantar la moratoria. La administración Biden apeló la decisión, pero aceptó continuar con las ventas, y en septiembre de 2021 celebró la subasta de arrendamientos federales de gas y petróleo más grande en la historia de Estados Unidos, vendiendo arrendamientos para extraer 1,7 millones de acres en el Golfo de México . Se puede esperar que las áreas que fueron compradas por las compañías petroleras produzcan alrededor de 4,2 billones de pies cúbicos de gas natural y 1,12 mil millones de barriles de petróleo durante los próximos 50 años. La administración también ha propuesto otra ronda de ventas de arrendamientos de gas y petróleo en 2022, en Colorado, Montana, Wyoming y otros estados occidentales. [231] [232] [233]

La administración de Biden apoyó el oleoducto Línea 3 , que transporta petróleo desde la región de arenas petrolíferas de Canadá . [234]

En noviembre de 2021, se completó un informe del Departamento del Interior, muy seguido de cerca, sobre la política federal de arrendamiento de petróleo y gas, ordenado por Biden. El informe recomendó aumentar la tasa de regalías federales del 12,5% para la perforación de petróleo y gas, que no se había aumentado en un siglo, y era significativamente más baja que las tasas cobradas por el arrendamiento en terrenos estatales y privados. El informe también recomendó un aumento en las tasas de bonos que las empresas de perforación deben pagar por futuros esfuerzos de limpieza antes de comenzar la extracción en nuevos sitios, y recomendó que los arrendamientos se centren en sitios con "potencial moderado a alto" de producción en proximidad a la infraestructura existente de combustibles fósiles. [233] El informe no llegó a prohibir el programa de arrendamiento, que genera miles de millones de dólares para el gobierno federal, pero reformó sus términos para que sean menos favorables para la industria; los grupos ambientalistas elogiaron las reformas, pero también dijeron que eran insuficientes para abordar la contribución de Estados Unidos a la crisis climática . [233]

En 2021, la administración Biden propuso una prohibición de 20 años a la perforación de petróleo y gas alrededor del Parque Histórico Nacional de la Cultura Chaco , un sitio en el noroeste de Nuevo México que contiene importantes sitios ancestrales de los pueblos indígenas . [235]

Ciencia ambiental

En mayo de 2021, la EPA revocó una norma de la administración Trump que le prohibía utilizar determinados estudios. [226] [227] La ​​norma anterior, que dificultaba el uso de estudios científicos importantes para justificar políticas de reducción de la contaminación, [228] ya había sido invalidada por un tribunal federal. [229]

Energía renovable

La administración Biden se fijó el objetivo de alcanzar 30 gigavatios de energía eólica marina generada en los EE. UU. para 2030 (suficiente para proporcionar electricidad a unos 10 millones de hogares). En 2021, la administración Biden aprobó el proyecto South Fork Wind , un importante proyecto de energía eólica marina comercial (130 MW , 12 turbinas) ubicado al sureste de Block Island en Rhode Island y al este de Montauk Point en Nueva York ; se proyecta que el parque eólico proporcione electricidad a 70.000 hogares de Long Island . El proyecto es el segundo proyecto eólico marino a gran escala del país (después de un desarrollo de energía eólica similar en Massachusetts ). [236] [237]

Conservación de la naturaleza

Estados Unidos forma parte de la iniciativa 30 x 30 , cuyo objetivo es preservar el 30% del territorio terrestre y marítimo mundial para 2030. Para que Estados Unidos cumpla con su parte, Biden lanzó una campaña llamada "America the Beautiful", que busca trabajar en cooperación con los pueblos indígenas y los agricultores, así como servir mejor a las comunidades desfavorecidas. [238]

En noviembre de 2021, Biden prometió poner fin y revertir la deforestación y la degradación de la tierra para 2030, [239] uniéndose a más de 100 otros líderes mundiales en el primer acuerdo importante de la cumbre climática COP26 . [240] [241]

Según un informe del Center for American Progress, durante los primeros 3 años de su presidencia, Biden rompió varios récords en conservación , lo que es "una defensa probada contra el cambio climático". Solo en 2023 convirtió 12,5 millones de acres en áreas protegidas y realizó 200 acuerdos con pueblos indígenas sobre la cogestión de las áreas protegidas. [242] [243] Presentó una propuesta para prohibir la tala en bosques primarios a partir de 2025, lo que también es importante para el clima. [244]

Reforma electoral y ética

En respuesta a lo que Biden describe como la creciente influencia de los intereses especiales y la manipulación de los distritos electorales en las elecciones, se ha comprometido a buscar reformas en la ética electoral y gubernamental. [245] Biden apoyó la Ley Para el Pueblo y la Ley de Derechos Electorales John Lewis . [246] [247] En enero de 2022, respaldó un cambio en las reglas de obstruccionismo del Senado después de que ambas no lograron invocar la clausura . [248] Sin embargo, el cambio de reglas fracasó cuando dos senadores demócratas se unieron a los republicanos del Senado para oponerse a él. [249]

Biden, conocido por su tono generalmente bipartidista, evitó referirse directamente a su predecesor durante su primer año en el cargo. [250] A partir de 2022, Biden condenó a Trump y al trumpismo en términos más enérgicos; comparó la "filosofía MAGA" con el "semifascismo" y, en un discurso de 2022 fuera del Independence Hall en Filadelfia , dijo que la "ideología extrema" de Trump, y un Partido Republicano dominado por él, "amenaza los cimientos mismos de nuestra república". Biden condenó específicamente a Trump y a los "republicanos MAGA" por promover a líderes autoritarios, usar una retórica violenta, negarse a repudiar la violencia política y negarse a reconocer las derrotas electorales. [250] [251] Biden sugirió que las elecciones de Estados Unidos de 2022 podrían ser ilegítimas si no se aprueban leyes federales para combatir la legislación de supresión de votantes promulgada por las legislaturas estatales. [252] [253] [254]

Después de los intentos de anular las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2020 , Biden pidió reformas a la Ley de Recuento Electoral de 1887 para aclarar los roles del Congreso y del Vicepresidente en la certificación de los votos electorales. La Ley de Reforma del Recuento Electoral y Mejora de la Transición Presidencial de 2022 elevó el umbral para las objeciones a los votos electorales, aclaró que el vicepresidente no puede descertificar los votos electorales y modificó el proceso para el cual se certifica a los electores . Se incluyó como parte de la Ley de Asignaciones Consolidadas de 2023. [255]

Alojamiento

Debido a las continuas disminuciones en la asequibilidad de la vivienda exacerbadas por la pandemia, la inflación y los atascos en la cadena de suministro global, Biden lanzó el Plan de Acción de Oferta de Vivienda el 16 de mayo de 2022, para aumentar la oferta y la construcción de viviendas a través de iniciativas ejecutivas, desregulación administrativa y financiación de la Ley de Inversión en Infraestructura y Empleo . Debido a los límites legales a la intervención federal en la política de vivienda, el plan dependía en gran medida de las asociaciones con gobiernos municipales dispuestos y el sector privado para reformar las leyes de zonificación y permisos y asegurar la oferta de construcción, emitiendo incentivos financieros a los gobiernos municipales para la cooperación con el plan, emitiendo apoyo financiero a los inquilinos, propietarios y propietarios de viviendas por primera vez, y desincentivando a los grandes inversores institucionales para que adquieran propiedades de vivienda propiedad del gobierno o financiadas por este. [256] Biden también pidió al Congreso que aprobara un Programa de Desbloqueo de Posibilidades para permitir que el HUD emita subvenciones a los estados y localidades para ayudar a reformar los permisos para viviendas asequibles, así como más asistencia hipotecaria para los compradores de vivienda por primera vez. [257]

A través de la Ley de Reducción de la Inflación , la administración Biden consiguió más de 25 mil millones de dólares para invertir en una variedad de programas y créditos fiscales que incentivan las renovaciones y la eficiencia energética en la vivienda a través de cinco agencias federales ( HUD , IRS , DOE , DOT , EPA ). [258] [259]

Inmigración

Proclamación Presidencial 10141 – Poner fin a las prohibiciones discriminatorias de entrada a los Estados Unidos

El 20 de enero de 2021, Biden detuvo la construcción de la barrera entre Estados Unidos y México [99] y puso fin a una emergencia nacional relacionada declarada por Trump en febrero de 2018. [4] Biden emitió una proclamación que puso fin a la prohibición de viajes impuesta por Trump a los países predominantemente musulmanes en enero de 2017. [99] [4] Biden también reafirmó las protecciones para los beneficiarios de la Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia . [260] El mismo día, Biden envió un memorando al Departamento de Estado de los EE. UU. restableciendo la Salida Forzosa Diferida para los liberianos. [261] [262]

El 20 de enero de 2021, la administración Biden emitió una moratoria a las deportaciones del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de Estados Unidos (DHS) durante los primeros 100 días de su presidencia. [263] El 22 de enero, el fiscal general de Texas, Ken Paxton, demandó a la administración Biden por violar la promesa escrita de Biden de trabajar en cooperación con el estado de Texas. [264] Posteriormente, un juez federal de Texas emitió una orden de restricción temporal que prohibía a la administración Biden hacer cumplir su moratoria, citando la falta de "cualquier justificación concreta y razonable para una pausa de 100 días en las deportaciones". [265]

El 21 de enero de 2021, Biden propuso un proyecto de ley que, de aprobarse, reemplazaría la palabra extranjero por no ciudadano en la ley de inmigración de Estados Unidos . [266] [267] Al día siguiente, Biden tuvo una llamada con el presidente mexicano Andrés Manuel López Obrador . En la llamada, Biden y López Obrador hablaron sobre inmigración, donde Biden habló de reducir la inmigración de México a los EE. UU. apuntando a lo que Biden consideró como causas fundamentales. [268] Según un informe de Associated Press , López Obrador señaló que Biden prometió $ 4 mil millones para "ayudar al desarrollo en Honduras, El Salvador y Guatemala, naciones cuyas dificultades han generado mareas de migración a través de México hacia los Estados Unidos". [269]

El 23 de enero, Biden propuso un proyecto de ley de inmigración que busca brindar una vía hacia la ciudadanía a once millones de inmigrantes que viven en Estados Unidos sin un estatus legal permanente. [270] El proyecto de ley también facilitaría la permanencia en Estados Unidos de ciertos trabajadores extranjeros. [271] [272] El líder de la mayoría en el Senado, Dick Durbin, calificó el proyecto de ley de "aspiracional". Se espera ampliamente que no sea aprobado por ambas cámaras del Congreso sin una revisión significativa. [270] [271] [272]

Según un informe de Politico de 2021 , los republicanos esperaban antes de que Biden asumiera el cargo que habría un aumento en la frontera a principios de 2021 (debido a patrones estacionales y crisis regionales) y se coordinaron para convertirlo en un tema central en el período previo a las elecciones de mitad de período de 2022. [273] El número de migrantes que llegan a los EE. UU. desde Centroamérica había estado aumentando desde abril de 2020 debido a la violencia en curso, los desastres naturales, la inseguridad alimentaria y la pobreza en la región. [274] En febrero de 2021, la Patrulla Fronteriza de EE. UU. informó un aumento del 61% en los encuentros con niños no acompañados con respecto al mes anterior, el mayor aumento porcentual de un mes en encuentros con niños no acompañados desde que la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza de EE. UU. comenzó a registrar datos en 2010. [275] [276]

Biden ordenó al Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas de Estados Unidos (ICE) que se centrara en los infractores violentos de las leyes de inmigración en lugar de en todos los infractores de las leyes de inmigración. [277] [278]

En febrero de 2021, se informó que los agentes del DHS que habían sido autorizados por Trump para implementar sus políticas antiinmigratorias estaban resistiendo y desafiando las políticas migratorias de Biden. [277] El sindicato que representa a los agentes del ICE señaló que sus agentes no aceptarían revocaciones de las políticas de Trump. [277]

En marzo de 2021, la administración Biden otorgó un estatus de protección temporal a los venezolanos que huían del país en medio de la actual crisis política y económica . [279]

La vicepresidenta Kamala Harris se reúne con el enviado especial del Departamento de Estado para el Triángulo Norte, Ricardo Zúñiga, y otros funcionarios sobre el aumento de migrantes de Centroamérica, marzo de 2021.

El 24 de marzo de 2021, Biden encargó a la vicepresidenta Harris que redujera el número de menores no acompañados y solicitantes de asilo adultos . También se le encargó que liderara las negociaciones con México , Honduras , Guatemala y El Salvador . [280] [ se necesita una mejor fuente ] El número de familias migrantes y niños no acompañados que ingresaron a los EE. UU. desde el otro lado de la frontera suroeste disminuyó drásticamente en agosto, septiembre y octubre de 2021. [281]

El 1 de junio de 2021, el DHS puso fin oficialmente a la  política  de la era Trump de " Permanecer en México ", que obligaba a todos los solicitantes de asilo  de Centroamérica a esperar en México en espera de sus casos judiciales; sin embargo, una orden sanitaria de marzo de 2020 que permitía a las autoridades fronterizas enviar de regreso a los migrantes durante la pandemia de COVID-19 ha permanecido vigente. [282] [283] Sin embargo, el 14 de agosto de 2021, un juez federal de Texas ordenó a la administración Biden que volviera a implementar la política; la Corte Suprema puso una pausa en el fallo para darle tiempo a la administración para presentar argumentos. [284] [285] El 24 de agosto de 2021, la Corte Suprema dictaminó que la administración Biden debe cumplir con el fallo del tribunal inferior de restablecer la política. [286] [287]

En el año fiscal 2022, más de un millón de inmigrantes (la mayoría de los cuales ingresaron a través de la reunificación familiar ) obtuvieron la residencia legal , [288] frente a los 707 000 en 2020. [289] Hasta 2022, durante la presidencia de Biden, el número de inmigrantes no autorizados en los Estados Unidos aumentó de manera constante. [290]

El 5 de octubre de 2023, la administración de Joe Biden dijo el jueves que agregará secciones a un muro fronterizo para evitar un número récord de cruces de migrantes desde México, llevando adelante una política característica del expresidente Donald Trump. [291] [292] Una de las primeras acciones de Biden después de asumir el cargo en enero de 2021 fue emitir una proclamación en la que prometía que "no se desviarían más dólares de los contribuyentes estadounidenses para construir un muro fronterizo", así como una revisión de todos los recursos que ya se habían comprometido. La administración dijo que la acción del jueves no se desvió de la proclamación de Biden porque el dinero que se asignó durante el mandato de Trump en 2019 tenía que gastarse ahora. [291] El expresidente Trump se apresuró a reclamar la victoria y exigir una disculpa: "Como he dicho a menudo, durante miles de años, solo hay dos cosas que han funcionado constantemente, ¡ruedas y muros!", escribió Trump en las redes sociales. "¿Joe Biden se disculpará conmigo y con Estados Unidos por tardar tanto en ponerse en movimiento...". [291] El presidente de México, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, calificó la medida como "un paso atrás". [291]

El 31 de octubre de 2023, el secretario de Seguridad Nacional, Alejandro Mayorkas, testificó ante el Comité de Seguridad Nacional del Senado que más de 600.000 personas ingresaron ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos sin ser detenidas por agentes fronterizos durante el año fiscal 2023. [293] [294]

El presidente Biden se comprometió a dar la bienvenida a 125.000 refugiados en 2024. [295] La administración Biden consideró aceptar refugiados palestinos de la Franja de Gaza . [296]

El 29 de marzo de 2024, en respuesta a una demanda colectiva presentada por abogados que representan a niños migrantes detenidos, la administración Biden argumentó ante un tribunal federal que no tenía ninguna responsabilidad de alimentar y albergar a los niños migrantes que esperaban en los campamentos de la Patrulla Fronteriza a lo largo de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México. [297] Este argumento fue rechazado por la jueza Dolly M. Gee, quien ordenó a la administración albergar "rápidamente" a todos los niños migrantes detenidos. [298]

El 4 de junio de 2024, el presidente Biden emitió una nueva orden ejecutiva que otorga a los funcionarios de inmigración la autoridad para deportar a ciertos solicitantes de asilo sin procesar sus solicitudes. Esta medida se dirige a los migrantes que ingresan a los Estados Unidos "sin permiso y en contra de la ley", lo que facilita que las autoridades los deporten. [299] Según la nueva orden, si los migrantes expresan temor de regresar a sus países de origen, se les puede conceder una entrevista con un funcionario de asilo. Sin embargo, los agentes ya no están obligados a preguntar a los migrantes si tienen tales temores. [300] Como parte de la nueva acción, la administración Biden anunció el cierre del Centro Residencial Familiar del Sur de Texas , el centro de detención de inmigrantes más grande de los Estados Unidos. La principal razón citada para esta decisión fue el alto costo de funcionamiento de la instalación. [301]

Separación de la Iglesia y el Estado

Biden, un católico practicante, [302] ha tomado una posición pública de disenso contra la posición de la Iglesia que se opone a la libre elección en la cuestión del aborto. [303] Esto ha planteado la cuestión de si su cargo público podría permitirle influir en los resultados de los debates actuales con la Iglesia sobre el aborto. [304] El Vaticano ha tomado una posición mediadora respecto del disenso de Biden al permitirle tomar la comunión en Roma mientras visitaba al Papa. [303]

Cuestiones sociales

El presidente Biden firma órdenes ejecutivas que amplían la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible y revocan las políticas de salud de la administración Trump , enero de 2021.
El presidente Biden firmó la Ley del Día de la Independencia Nacional de Juneteenth , el 17 de junio de 2021.

Durante sus primeros días en el cargo, Biden se centró en "promover la equidad, los derechos civiles, la justicia racial y la igualdad de oportunidades". Según The New York Times , las primeras acciones de Biden en el cargo se centraron en la igualdad racial más que cualquier presidente desde Lyndon B. Johnson , quien aprobó la Ley de Derechos Civiles de 1964. [ 305] El 25 de enero de 2021, Biden firmó una orden ejecutiva que levantó la prohibición de los miembros del servicio militar transgénero . [306] Esto revirtió un memorando impuesto por Trump. [307]

La administración Biden está buscando poner a Harriet Tubman en el billete de veinte dólares . [308] [309] Este esfuerzo sigue al de la administración Obama , que fue bloqueado por Steven Mnuchin . [310] La secretaria de prensa Psaki dijo que era importante que el dinero y los billetes estadounidenses reflejaran la "historia y diversidad" del país y que poner a Tubman en el billete de veinte dólares lo haría. [311]

El 20 de enero de 2021, la administración Biden emitió una Orden Ejecutiva titulada Promover la Equidad Racial y el Apoyo a las Comunidades Desfavorecidas a través del Gobierno Federal [312], que aumenta la aplicación de la legislación antisesgo por parte del gobierno federal contra los contratistas gubernamentales. La intención es intensificar las investigaciones y auditorías por parte del Departamento de Justicia , así como realizar investigaciones de seguimiento más detalladas con los contratistas gubernamentales, con énfasis en la lucha contra la discriminación salarial. [313] También en enero, Biden ordenó al Departamento de Justicia de los EE. UU. que redujera el uso de prisiones privadas y ordenó al fiscal general que no renovara los contratos con prisiones privadas, citando la necesidad de "reducir los incentivos basados ​​en las ganancias" para el encarcelamiento de minorías raciales. [314] [315] [316]

Tres días después de los tiroteos en el spa de Atlanta en los que murieron ocho personas, incluidas seis mujeres asiáticas, Biden y la vicepresidenta Harris viajaron a Atlanta . Hablaron con defensores y líderes asiático-americanos y de las islas del Pacífico y condenaron el sexismo y el racismo contra los asiático-americanos. [317]

Biden convirtió el Juneteenth (19 de junio) en un feriado federal en 2021, para celebrar el fin de la esclavitud en Estados Unidos [318]. En marzo de 2022, Biden firmó la Ley Antilinchamientos Emmett Till . Con la promulgación de esa legislación, el linchamiento se convirtió en un delito de odio federal por primera vez en la historia de Estados Unidos. [319]

En octubre de 2022, Biden indultó todos los cargos federales anteriores por posesión de marihuana y anunció una investigación sobre si el cannabis debería eliminarse de la Lista I de la Ley de Sustancias Controladas . [320] En diciembre de 2022, Biden firmó la Ley de Expansión de la Investigación sobre Marihuana Medicinal y Cannabidiol , que fue el primer proyecto de ley independiente relacionado con el cannabis aprobado por el Congreso de los Estados Unidos. [321]

Derechos LGBT

El Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos dio a conocer en 2022 esfuerzos para prevenir la discriminación anti-LGBT en los programas de alimentación, incluidos los programas de almuerzos escolares , lo que resultó en 20 demandas de 20 fiscales generales republicanos . [322]

En diciembre de 2022, Biden firmó la Ley de Respeto al Matrimonio , que derogó la Ley de Defensa del Matrimonio (DOMA), requirió que los estados reconocieran los certificados de matrimonio de otros estados para los estadounidenses LGBT y garantizó algunas libertades religiosas. [323] El proyecto de ley surgió de un impulso de los demócratas para codificar el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo después de la decisión Dobbs , en particular el impulso de Clarence Thomas para reconsiderar otros precedentes . [324]

En enero de 2023, la administración Biden publicó una "agenda de evidencia" para que los estadounidenses LGBTQI+ conozcan "sus experiencias al interactuar con las agencias federales y las disparidades que enfrentan en su vida diaria", además de documentar cuántas personas LGBT viven en los Estados Unidos. [325] [326]

Aborto provocado

En diciembre de 2021, la administración Biden puso fin a una restricción de larga data sobre las ventas de píldoras abortivas por correo. Esta decisión se produjo en medio de casos judiciales y decisiones de la Corte Suprema que pusieron en peligro el acceso al aborto en los Estados Unidos. [327]

Después de que la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos revocara Roe v. Wade y Planned Parenthood v. Casey el 24 de junio de 2022, en Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization , Biden se dirigió a la nación en el Cross Hall de la Casa Blanca. [328] [329] Mencionó que "es un día triste... para el país" y "con Roe desaparecido,... la salud y la vida de las mujeres de esta nación están ahora en riesgo". [328] [329] Además, atacó a la Corte diciendo "Con esta decisión, la mayoría conservadora de la Corte Suprema demuestra lo extrema que es" y "Han convertido a Estados Unidos en un caso atípico entre las naciones desarrolladas del mundo". [328] [329] En cuanto a la acción, Biden afirmó que su administración defenderá el derecho de las mujeres a buscar un aborto en otro estado donde el aborto sea legal y ayudará a proteger el acceso de la mujer a anticonceptivos y píldoras abortivas aprobadas por la FDA. [328] [329] También pidió al Congreso que codificara Roe v. Wade , diciendo que "Ninguna acción ejecutiva... puede hacer eso". [328] [329] Pero afirmó que si el Congreso no tenía los votos para codificar, los votantes tendrían que tomar medidas "eligiendo más senadores y representantes que codificarán el derecho de la mujer a elegir en la ley federal". [328] [329]

La administración Biden rechazó el llamado de los progresistas [330] para permitir abortos en tierras federales, y la secretaria de prensa de la Casa Blanca, Karine Jean-Pierre, dijo que "en los estados donde el aborto ahora es ilegal, las mujeres y los proveedores que no son empleados federales, si nos fijamos en las tierras federales, podrían ser potencialmente procesados". [331]

Durante una conferencia de prensa en la Cumbre de la OTAN de Madrid de 2022 , Biden expresó su apoyo a proporcionar una excepción al obstruccionismo para codificar Roe v. Wade. [332]

Justicia penal y tasas de criminalidad

La administración Biden anuló una política de la administración Trump que restringía el uso de decretos de consentimiento que habían sido utilizados por administraciones anteriores en sus investigaciones de mala conducta en los departamentos de policía. [333]

Biden propuso en su presupuesto fiscal 2022 duplicar la financiación del Programa de Contratación de Servicios Policiales Orientados a la Comunidad (COPS), que ayuda a los gobiernos estatales y locales a contratar agentes del orden público. [334]

Despite perceptions, notably by Republicans and conservative media, of a "crime crisis" of soaring violent crime under Biden, FBI data indicated the violent crime rate had declined significantly during the president's first two years in office, after a spike in 2020 during the COVID pandemic. By 2022, the violent crime rate was near a 50-year low, and preliminary data released in early 2024 indicated continuing declines in 2023.[335][336][337][338]

As of July 1, 2024 violent crime was down and homicides were on pace to drop to 2015 levels by the end of the year.[339][340]

Gun control

President Biden announces new executive measures on gun control with Vice President Kamala Harris and Attorney General Merrick Garland in the White House Rose Garden, April 8, 2021.
President Biden addresses the nation after the Robb Elementary School shooting.

In a national address in March 2021, after mass shootings in the Atlanta area and Boulder, Colorado, Biden advocated further gun regulations, such as a restored ban on assault weapons and a high-capacity magazine ban, as well as reinforcing preexisting background checks.[341][342]

After the Robb Elementary School shooting on May 24, 2022, President Biden addressed the nation.[343] The next week, he again called on Congress to pass an assault weapons and high-capacity magazine ban, as well as red flag laws and other legislation.[344][345] As a result of the shooting, the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act was eventually passed by Congress and signed into law. It marked the first federal gun safety law to have been enacted in 30 years.[346]

After the Colorado Springs nightclub shooting, Biden called again for an assault weapons ban.[347]

Space policy

The Biden administration reversed the Trump administration's method of using the National Space Council to coordinate commercial, civil, and military space policies, instead using the National Security Council to issue national security memoranda instead of the Space Council's space policy directives.[348] The Biden administration renewed the National Space Council, chaired by Vice President Harris,[349] "to assist the president in generating national space policies, strategies, and synchronizing America's space activities."[350] Harris held meetings with the leaders of five countries to discuss international cooperation on space issues.[349]

The Biden administration continued the Artemis program to send people back to the Moon.[349][351] The administration also emphasized the role of NASA in studying climate change.[349][352]

Biden appointed Bill Nelson, an astronaut and former U.S. Senator, to the post of NASA administrator. Nelson was confirmed unanimously by the Senate in April 2021.[353]

In April 2021, as part of his first annual budget request, Biden proposed a $24.8 billion budget for NASA in 2022, a $1.5 billion increase on what Congress allocated to 2021.[352][354] The proposal includes funding for the Artemis program for a new crewed Moon landing mission.[354] The proposal also included a 12.5% increase for NASA's Earth Science Division, as well as a 22% increase for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which operates a fleet of weather satellites; both measures aimed to use space tools to study and mitigate climate change.[352]

On December 1, 2021, Biden announced his new framework for US space policy, the United States Space Priorities Framework, which explains Biden's approach for commercial, civil, and military space activity.[355] There is a new emphasis on combating climate change and investing in STEM education.[355]

Supreme Court

On July 29, 2024, Biden announced a plan to reform the Supreme Court of the United States. The plan called for three major changes. The first was an amendment to the Constitution, the No One Is Above the Law Amendment, which would eliminate immunity for presidents. This would effectively reverse the Supreme Court's decision in Trump v. United States. Second, Biden laid out a plan for creating term limits for Supreme Court justices. Under his plan, every two years presidents would appoint justices to 18 year terms. Lastly, he pushed for "a binding code of conduct" to replace the Supreme Court's existing self-enforced ethics code.[356]

Foreign affairs

As of June 2024, Biden had made 18 international trips to 24 different countries during his presidency.

Defense

President Biden signs his first bill, H.R. 335.

On January 22, 2021, Biden signed his first bill,[357] H.R. 335 into law, providing a waiver to the law preventing appointment of a Secretary of Defense who had been on active duty in the armed forces within the past seven years;[358] this was the third time such a waiver was granted by Congress. Retired army four-star general Lloyd Austin was confirmed by the Senate in a 93–2 vote that same day, making Austin the first African-American Defense Secretary.[359][357]

President Biden delivers remarks at The Pentagon, February 2021.

Austin said his number one priority was to assist COVID-19 relief efforts, pledging he would "quickly review the Department's contributions to COVID-19 relief efforts, ensuring that we're doing everything that we can to help distribute vaccines across the country and to vaccinate our troops and preserve readiness."[360]

On February 10, 2021, Biden visited the Pentagon for the first time as president.[361] In remarks to service members alongside Vice President Kamala Harris and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, Biden announced a U.S. Department of Defense-led China task force "to provide a baseline assessment of department policies, programs and processes in regard to the challenge China poses."[362]

On June 18, 2021, the administration removed eight MIM-104 Patriot anti-missile batteries from Saudi ArabiaJordanKuwait, and Iraq, removed the THAAD anti-missile defense system from Saudi Arabia, and announced that most jet squadrons and hundreds of American troops would be withdrawn from the region. The changes come in light of both de-escalating tensions with Iran and the administration changing its focus on countering China.[363]

After taking office, Biden heavily restricted the use of armed drones and drone strikes.[364][365] After Biden's first year in office, drone strikes had hit a 20-year low and were heavily limited by the administration.[366][367]

Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris at the welcoming ceremony for Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Charles Q. Brown Jr. (left) on September 29, 2023. Outgoing chairman General Mark Milley (right) and Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin (center-right) are present.

In October 2023, President Biden asked Congress for nearly $106 billion in funding for Israel, Ukraine, countering China in the Indo-Pacific, and operations on the southern U.S. border.[368] Biden signed a record $886 billion defense spending bill into law on December 22, 2023.[369][370]

China

Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China and build "a united front of U.S. allies and partners to confront China's abusive behaviors and human rights violations."[371] He described China as the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges on the "prosperity, security, and democratic values" of the U.S.[372]

Biden nominated Antony Blinken to serve as Secretary of State who took office on January 26, 2021.[373][374] During his nomination hearing, Blinken said that previous optimistic approaches to China were flawed,[375] and that Biden's predecessor, Donald Trump, "was right in taking a tougher approach to China" but he "disagree[s] very much with the way [Trump] went about it in a number of areas."[374] He endorsed former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's report that China is committing a genocide against Uyghur Muslims.[374]

Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets with Chinese State Councillor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi on October 31, 2021.

In March 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan and other administration officials met with the Chinese Communist Party Politburo member Yang Jiechi, Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi, and other Chinese officials in Alaska with heated exchanges on China's human rights abuses, cyberattacks, its threats against Taiwan, its crackdown in Xinjiang and Hong Kong, and other issues of U.S. interest. The Chinese side countered: "The U.S. does not have the qualification to speak to China from a position of strength [and] does not serve as a model to others [and] China's development and strengthening is unstoppable."[376][377]

The Washington Post reported that the Biden administration got "a taste of China's 'wolf warrior' diplomacy" during the first meeting with its Chinese counterpart, which was "remarkably undiplomatic", adding "China's diplomats appeared more forceful than they had been in any public meeting during President Trump's term."[378] The Atlantic published an article saying that the Biden team "flushed Beijing's true intentions out into the open for the world to see", quoting a senior administration official's comment that it is "increasingly difficult to argue that we don't know what China wants."[379]

In April 2021, it was reported that the Biden administration was rallying U.S. allies in consideration of a boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. The U.S. Department of State spokesman Ned Price told reporters that a joint boycott "is something that we certainly wish to discuss."[380]

In May 2021, the administration removed Chinese mobile manufacturer Xiaomi from the Chinese military blacklist, reversing the previous administration's decision.[381]

On June 3, 2021, Biden announced an executive order that would come into effect from August 2, and ban Americans from investing into 59 Chinese firms, including Huawei. Before it was announced, China said it would retaliate against it.[382]

In October 2021, Biden said he is concerned about Chinese hypersonic missiles, days after China tested a nuclear-capable hypersonic missile that circled the globe before speeding towards its target.[383]

In December 2021, a coalition of Jewish organizations, including the American Jewish Committee and the Rabbinical Assembly, issued an open letter to Biden urging additional action in response to what they describe as an Uyghur genocide.[384][385]

President Biden meets with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G20 Summit on November 14, 2022.

In late January and early February 2023, U.S. and Canadian defense officials were tracking a China-operated high-altitude balloon that had been seen hovering in North American airspace.[386] The balloon's first reported sighting was on February 1, 2023, when a commercial airliner reported flying in close proximity to it.[387] Biden ordered the U.S. Air Force to shoot down the balloon on February 4, on the possibility of it being a surveillance device, when it was spotted over territorial waters near South Carolina;[388] at 2:39 p.m. that day, the balloon was downed by an F-22 Raptor that had departed from Langley Air Force Base.[389] In response to the downing of the balloon, China admitted it belonged to them, but claimed the balloon was a weather device that had been blown off course.[390] Chinese officials accused the U.S. of indiscriminately using force against the civilian airship in violation of international law. The incident increased tensions between the U.S. and China.[391] On February 9, Biden stated that he did not believe that relations with China will be negatively affected by his decision to shoot down the balloon.[392] The incident did prompt Secretary Blinken to delay a diplomatic visit to Beijing.[393]

Taiwan

On 18 September 2022, it was reported by Reuters that "Joe Biden said U.S forces would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion, his most explicit statement on the issue, drawing an angry response from China that said it sent the wrong signal to those seeking an independent Taiwan." The policy was stated in contrast to Biden's previous exclusion of boots-on-the-ground and planes-in-the-air for U.S. support for Ukraine in its current conflict with Russia.[394]

Cuba

Afghanistan

Biden meeting with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and Chairman Abdullah Abdullah, June 2021
President Biden delivers remarks on Afghanistan (transcript).

In February 2020, the Trump administration made a deal with the Taliban to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.[395] In April 2021, President Biden formally announced that American troops would instead withdraw from Afghanistan by September 11, 2021, which would signal an end to the U.S.'s longest war.[396] According to Princeton professor Julian E. Zelizer, Biden "clearly learned a great deal from his time in the Obama presidency", and demonstrated that "he is a politician capable of learning and evolving, contrary to some of the skeptics in the primaries who thought he didn't understand how politics had changed." According to Washington Post journalist Steven Levingston, "Obama listened to military leaders who advised him that withdrawal would be a mistake. Biden, meanwhile, was the top administration official arguing for a much more limited role for American forces in Afghanistan. Later, Biden would go on to say that he could tell by Obama's 'body language' that he agreed with that assessment — even though he ultimately rejected it."[397]

Soon after the withdrawal of U.S. troops started, the Taliban launched an offensive against the Afghan government, quickly advancing in front of a collapsing Afghan Armed Forces.[398][399] President Biden defended the withdrawal, saying "I trust the capacity of the Afghan military, who is better trained, better equipped and ... more competent in terms of conducting war."[400]

By early July 2021, most of the American troops in Afghanistan were withdrawn.[395] Biden addressed the withdrawal, stating that: "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."[395] On August 15, amid an offensive by the Taliban, the Afghan government collapsed, Afghan President Ashraf Ghani fled the country and Kabul fell to the Taliban.[395][401] Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist in the evacuation of American personnel and Afghan allies.[402] He has been criticized over the manner of the American withdrawal.[401]

On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it ("the buck stops with me"), and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated".[401][403] He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves", since the "Afghan military collapsed [against the Taliban], sometimes without trying to fight".[403][404] Biden partly attributed the lack of early evacuation of Afghan civilians to the Afghan government's opposition of a "mass exodus" which they thought would cause a "crisis of confidence".[404]

President Biden discussing the fall of Kabul with the National Security Council, August 2021

On August 26, a suicide attack was carried out by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant - Khorasan Province at the Hamid Karzai International Airport, killing more than 170 people, including at least 62 Afghan civilians, 13 US service members, two British nationals and the child of a third British national.[405][406] Biden made a public address after the attack, in which he honored the American service members who were killed, calling them "heroes" and saying they lost their lives "in the service of liberty", and stated that the US had evacuated more than 100,000 Americans, Afghans, and others. He expressed deep sorrow for the Afghan victims as well. Biden said to those who wished harm upon the US that "we will hunt you down and make you pay."[407][408] Biden received increasingly harsh criticism from both Republicans and Democrats in the US Congress, with Republicans calling for his resignation or for his impeachment.[409][410][411]

After the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, the Biden administration froze about $9 billion in assets belonging to the Afghan central bank, blocking the Taliban from accessing these billions of dollars in reserves held in U.S. bank accounts.[412][413]

In February 2022, Biden signed an executive order that seeks to unfreeze approximately $3.5 billion of Afghan assets in the U.S. for the purpose of humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan.[414]

On July 31, 2022, Al-Qaida leader Ayman al-Zawahiri was killed in Kabul by an American drone strike approved by Biden.[415]

Africa

President Biden meeting with Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, October 14, 2021
President Biden meeting with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, September 16, 2022

Biden hosted a three-day U.S.-Africa summit in Washington in December 2022, attended by 49 African national leaders.[416] The meeting was the first such summit since 2014.[416][417] The leaders of every African nation in good standing with the African Union (AU), except Eritrea, were invited to the summit.[417] The leaders of African nations not in good standing with the AU (mostly those who had come to power through military coups) were also not invited.[417]

At the summit, Biden announced U.S. support for the AU joining the G20 group of major economies, a long-sought goal for Africa.[418] The summit was part of a broader effort by the U.S. to rebuild U.S.-African relations and counter Chinese influence on the continent.[416] During the summit, the administration announced $800 million in new deals with Cisco Systems and Cybastion to combat cyberthreats targeting Africa, a bid to blunt the dominance of the Chinese firm Huawei in Africa.[419] The administration also signed a memorandum of understanding in support of the African Continental Free Trade Area to reduce trade barriers in Africa,[419] and committed $55 billion to Africa over the next three years, focused on preexisting U.S. initiatives,[419][416] such as the trade-focused Prosper Africa and Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, as well as the Power Africa initiative, which aims to increase connections of Africans to the electric grid.[416] The administration also emphasized initiatives in technology and cybersecurity, health, clean energy and the environment, and other areas.[419][417] Biden committed an additional $2 billion for emergency humanitarian aid and $11 billion for food security programs in Africa.[417] The administration also expanded ties with West Africa, including support for infrastructure improvements at the Benin seaport of Cotonou, a key part of the West African economy.[416][420] Biden appointed a longtime U.S. diplomat, Johnnie Carson, to coordinate implementation of U.S. actions following up the summit.[421]

During the 2022 summit, Biden and senior administration officials also met privately with six African leaders facing elections in 2023, pushing them to ensure free and fair elections in their nations.[421]

Senator Bob Menendez, the Democratic chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, has criticized the Biden administration for hesitating to impose sanctions on the governments of Sudan and Ethiopia, where many atrocities and war crimes were committed in the Tigray War.[422]

Armenian genocide

On April 24, 2021, the Biden administration declared that the Turkish killings of Armenians at the start of the 20th century were a genocide. He is the first U.S. president to ever officially recognize the Armenian genocide.[423]

Americans detained abroad

President Biden and Vice President Harris greet Russian American journalist Alsu Kurmasheva on August 1, 2024, after her release in a prisoner swap with Russia.

In July 2022, President Biden signed an executive order aimed at deterring the wrongful detention of Americans abroad.[424] According to an estimate by The James W. Foley Legacy Foundation, there are at least 67 U.S. citizens who are currently imprisoned abroad. The foundation further estimates that 90% of those are wrongly detained by foreign governments hostile to the U.S., including Venezuela, Russia, China, Iran, and others.[425] Dozens of families of Americans who are detained abroad say President Biden has failed to adequately address the crisis.[425] They formed a group called "Bring Our Families Home Campaign" to pressure Biden to do more.[426]

In September 2023, President Biden reached a deal to release five prisoners held by Iran. In exchange, $6 billion of frozen Iranian assets were released.[427] The U.S. said the unfrozen money would be held in restricted accounts so that it could only be spent on humanitarian goods such as food and medicine.[428]

In August 2024, President Biden reached a deal to secure the largest prisoner exchange since the Cold War.[429] The exchange included the release of Americans Evan Gershkovich, Paul Whelan, and Alsu Kurmasheva; thirteen others from Russia and Belarus; and Russians held by the U.S., Slovenia, Norway, Poland, and Germany.[430] Turkey and Estonia were also involved in the deal.[429] Biden stressed the importance of alliances on the world stage by describing the achievement as "a powerful example of why it’s vital to have friends in this world."[431]

Quad and the Indo-Pacific region

President Biden hosted the Quad meeting at the White House, September 24, 2021.
President Biden hosted the American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact at Camp David, August 18, 2023.

In March 2021, Biden held a virtual meeting with leaders of Japan, India and Australia, an alliance of countries known as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, or the Quad, that work together to address China's expansionism in the Indo-Pacific region.[432][433] A few days later, the administration officials, including secretary of state Antony Blinken and secretary of defense Lloyd Austin, met with U.S. allies in Asia and imposed sanctions on senior Chinese officials.[434][376] Austin also visited India to deepen the defense ties between the two countries.[433] In September 2021, Biden hosted the first in-person meeting of Quad at the White House.[435]

On May 23, 2022, Biden launched the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) to counter growing Chinese economic and political influence in the Indo-Pacific region. At the time of its launch, the IPEF had 12 partners including Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.[436] In response, China described the proposed grouping as a "closed and exclusive club". National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan defended the IPEF by highlighting the diverse nature of the grouping's membership.[437][438] In November 2023, under pressure from Congressional Democrats, the Biden administration halted plans for the IPEF's trade component.[439][440]

In August 2022, the Biden administration announced that it will be hosting the US–Pacific Island Country Summit in September 2022 which will coincide with the week of the seventy-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly.[441]

On August 18, 2023, Biden hosted Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol at Camp David. The meeting, amid a period of strained Japan–South Korea relations, resulted in the Camp David Principles relating to joint military exercises, preventing supply chain disruptions, and united criticism of North Korea, Russia, and China.[442]

Russia

Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin at the 2021 Russia–United States summit in Geneva, Switzerland

On the day of Biden's inauguration, the Russian government urged the new U.S. administration to take a "more constructive" approach in talks over the extension of the 2010 New START treaty, the sole remaining agreement limiting the number of U.S. and Russian long-range nuclear warheads.[443] In Biden's first telephone call as president with Russian President Vladimir Putin, on January 26, 2021, Biden and Putin agreed to extend the New START treaty (which was set to expire in February 2021) by an additional five years.[444]

Biden and his administration condemned human rights violations by the Russian authorities, calling for the release of detained dissident and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny, his wife, and the thousands of Russians who had demonstrated in his support; the U.S. called for the unconditional release of Navalny and the protestors and a credible investigation into Navalny's poisoning.[445][446][447] On March 2, 2021, the U.S. and European Union imposed coordinated additional sanctions on Russian officials, as well as the FSB and GRU, over Navalny's poisoning and imprisonment. The State Department also expanded existing sanctions from the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act that had been imposed after the poisoning of Skripal.[448] The Biden administration is also planning to impose sanctions against Russia because of the 2020 SolarWinds cyberespionage campaign, which compromised the computer systems of nine federal agencies.[449] Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan said the response "will include a mix of tools seen and unseen, and it will not simply be sanctions."[449][448]

The Biden administration's comprehensive review into Russian activities has included an examination of reports that the Russian government offered bounties to kill U.S. troops in Afghanistan.[450][451] The Biden administration said intelligence community has only "low to moderate" confidence in reports due to the fact that the bounty reports originated from "detainee reporting and because of the difficult operating environment in Afghanistan."[452][453] Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin a "killer" in an ABC News interview, and said that Russia would pay a price for election meddling.[454]

President Biden delivers remarks on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

On May 19, 2021, the Biden administration lifted CAATSA sanctions on the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project between Russia and Germany. Despite Biden's personal opposition to the project, the U.S. State Department says that it concluded that it was in the "U.S. national interest" to waive the sanctions.[455] Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov welcomed the move as "a chance for a gradual transition toward the normalization of our bilateral ties."[455]

Biden visits Ukrainian refugees in Warsaw, Poland, March 2022.

On June 16, 2021, Biden met with Putin in Geneva, Switzerland. The two presidents discussed a number of topics, including stable policy on climate change, nuclear proliferation, and cybersecurity. Russia's activities regarding Ukraine, Alexei Navalny, Belarus, and nationals jailed in each other's countries. The summit was significantly shorter than expected, only lasting three and a half of the predicted five hours.[456] Putin praised Biden as a knowledgeable and shrewd negotiator the next day.[457][458]

In November 2021, Putin stated that an expansion of NATO's presence in Ukraine, especially the deployment of any long-range missiles capable of striking Russian cities or missile defense systems similar to those in Romania and Poland, would be a "red line" issue for Russia.[459][460] In December 2021, Putin asked President Joe Biden for legal guarantees that NATO wouldn't expand eastward or put "weapons systems that threaten us in close vicinity to Russian territory."[461] The U.S. and NATO have rejected Putin's demands.[462][463]

On February 24, 2022, Biden condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine, saying Putin "chose this war" and calling him "the aggressor". He announced new sanctions against Russia.[464] On February 25, the White House announced the US would personally sanction Putin and foreign minister Sergey Lavrov.[465] On February 28, the Biden administration announced sanctions against Russia's central bank, prohibiting Americans from doing business with the bank and freezing the bank's assets.[466] On March 29, 2022, Biden appeared to heighten his condemnation concerning Putin made at the end of his NATO trip to Europe, stating that he makes "no apologies" for previously stating that "Putin cannot remain in power".[467] On April 12, he called the war a "genocide".[468] Biden criticized the Kremlin for "idle comments" on the possible use of nuclear weapons.[469]

Biden with his National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan, February 19, 2023

On April 28, Biden asked Congress for an additional $33 billion to assist Ukraine, including $20 billion to provide weapons to Ukraine.[470] On May 10, the House passed legislation that would provide $40 billion in new aid to Ukraine.[471] The New York Times reported that the United States provided real-time battlefield targeting intelligence to Ukraine that helped Ukrainian forces kill Russian generals and sink the Russian warship Moskva.[472][473] The Biden administration has pledged to help the International Criminal Court (ICC) to prosecute Putin and others for war crimes committed during the invasion of Ukraine.[474][475]

On September 27, 2022, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre encouraged Russian men fleeing their home country to avoid being drafted to apply for asylum in the United States.[476] In early 2023, the Biden administration resumed deportations of Russians who had fled Russia because of mobilization and political persecution.[477]

In January 2024, the Biden administration rejected Putin's proposal for a ceasefire in Ukraine. Biden's National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan informed Putin's foreign policy adviser Yuri Ushakov that the United States would not discuss a ceasefire without Ukraine's participation.[478][479]

On May 30, 2024, Biden gave Ukraine permission to strike targets inside Russia using American-supplied weapons.[480] Biden said "They are authorized to be used in proximity to the border. We are not authorizing strikes 200 miles into Russia."[481] On August 9, 2024, a convoy of Russian troops in the Kursk Oblast of Russia was destroyed in a strike by U.S.-supplied HIMARS rocket system in what Russian milbloggers described as one of the bloodiest attacks of the entire war.[482][483]

Ukraine

Biden with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, Ukraine, February 20, 2023

In February 2022, amid rising tensions between Ukraine and Russia, the Biden administration faced questions for its year-long failure to nominate an ambassador to Ukraine.[484]

The Russian invasion of Ukraine instigated significant and substantial support to Ukraine during the Biden presidency including two dozen military aid packages to assist them against the invasion. On 28 October 2022 the Pentagon announced the 24th presidential drawdown of materiel worth $275 million; the security assistance has totaled $18.5 billion to Ukraine since January 2021.[485] The aid includes 500 Excalibur precision-guided 155mm artillery rounds, 2000 155mm remote anti-armor mine systems, more than 1,300 anti-armor weapons, more than 2.75 million rounds of small arms ammunition, more HIMARS rockets, 125 Humvees, and four satellite communications antennas for Ukraine's command and control systems, as well as training for operation of the NASAMS units.[a] Two NASAMS units arrived in Ukraine on 7 November 2022.[485][486][b]

On February 20, 2023, four days before the one-year anniversary of the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Biden visited Kyiv and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and First Lady of Ukraine Olena Zelenska.[490] While there, Biden affirmed more military aid to Ukraine and denounced the war.[491] The trip was unannounced, and involved major security coordinations to ensure safety.[492]

In 2022, Congress approved more than $112 billion in aid to Ukraine. In October 2023, the Biden administration requested $61.4 billion more in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead.[493]

Europe

President Biden with European leaders at the G20 summit in Rome, Italy, October 30, 2021

President Biden promised to repair "strained" relationships with European allies in contrast to his predecessor Trump. "An attack on one is an attack on all. That is our unshakeable vow," Biden said, referring to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty (the mutual defense clause).[494] Biden pledged support for the European project and for Ukraine's sovereignty as well as the need for global cooperation on fighting the pandemic and climate change.[495]

President Biden and French President Macron stand in front of a villa in Rome, where they met each other to discuss the nuclear deal between Australia, the US and the UK.
President Biden and French President Macron meeting in Rome, October 29, 2021

U.S. relations with France deteriorated in September 2021 due to fallout from the AUKUS security pact between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, which aimed to counter Chinese power in the Indo-Pacific region. As part of the agreement, the U.S. agreed to provide nuclear-powered submarines to Australia. After entering into the agreement, the Australian government canceled an agreement that it had made with France for the provision of French conventionally powered submarines. The deal angered the French government, which recalled its ambassador to the U.S. (Philippe Étienne) as well as the ambassador to Australia. Amid the diplomatic row, the French Foreign Ministry contended that it had been subjected to "duplicity, disdain and lies"[496][497] and French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian called the deal a "stab in the back".[498] In a conciliatory call a few days later, Biden and French President Emmanuel Macron agreed to reduce bilateral tensions, and the White House acknowledged the crisis could have been averted if there had been open consultations between allies.[499] A month later, Biden met Macron, telling him his administration was "clumsy" and that he was "under the impression that France had been informed long before" that France's deal with Australia was "not going through".[500]

In July 2024, the Biden administration announced its intention to deploy long-range missiles in Germany beginning in 2026. In response, Russian President Putin warned of a Cold War-style missile crisis and threatened to deploy long-range missiles within striking distance of the West.[501][502] US weapons in Germany would include SM-6 and Tomahawk cruise missiles and hypersonic weapons.[502] The United States' decision to deploy long-range missiles in Germany has been compared to the deployment of Pershing II launchers in Western Europe in 1979.[503][502] Critics say the move would trigger a new arms race.[504] According to Russian military analysts, it would be extremely difficult to distinguish between a conventionally armed missile and a missile carrying a nuclear warhead, and Russia could respond by deploying longer-range nuclear systems targeting Germany.[505]

President Biden with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen at a special meeting with NATO in Brussels, Belgium, March 24, 2022
President Biden with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the 2022 NATO Summit in Madrid, Spain, June 29, 2022

Iran

The Biden administration has expressed interest in re-engaging with Iran on the Iran nuclear deal. Biden's predecessor, President Trump, withdrew from the deal in 2018, resulting in swift backlash from international community.[506][507] Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the U.S. would be interested in re-entering the agreement so long as Iran shows "strict compliance".[508] Blinken did not rule out a military intervention to stop Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons.[509][510]

On February 25, 2021, President Biden ordered retaliatory airstrikes on buildings in Syria that the Department of Defense said were used by Iranian-backed militias to carry out rocket attacks on U.S. targets in Iraq. The operation was the first known use of military force by the Biden administration.[511] The attacks prompted condemnation from many Democratic members of Congress. Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia questioned the administration's "legal justification for acting without coming to Congress." Representative Ro Khanna (D-CA) claimed that "the Administration should have sought Congressional authorization."[512]

In July 2022, Biden met with Israeli Prime Minister Yair Lapid to discuss the Iran nuclear deal and said that he continued to favor diplomacy. Lapid, however, expressed that only military threat would deter Iran from pursuing a nuclear program.[513]

Myanmar

On February 1, 2021, Biden condemned the Myanmar coup d'état and called for the release of detained officials. Biden also left open the door to re-imposing sanctions on the country, saying in a statement that "[t]he United States removed sanctions on Burma over the past decade based on progress toward democracy. The reversal of that progress will necessitate an immediate review of our sanction laws and authorities, followed by appropriate action."[514]

On March 5, 2021, Biden imposed sanctions on Myanmar's Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Defence and certain junta conglomerates.[515] On March 22, 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced sanctions on several military generals in response to a violent crackdown on peaceful protests.[516]

Northern Ireland

Biden and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson

Biden has reiterated his commitment to maintaining peace in Northern Ireland by resisting the possibility of a hard border as a result of Brexit. When asked by The Irish Times in March 2021 about comments made by Irish foreign minister Simon Coveney that the UK "cannot be trusted" on the Northern Ireland protocol, White House press secretary Jen Psaki said that "President Biden has been unequivocal about his support for the Good Friday Agreement." As part of his own Irish-American heritage, Psaki said that Biden "has a special place in his heart for the Irish", underpinning his commitment to Northern Ireland's peace.[517]

Saudi Arabia and Yemen

Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin and Saudi Arabia's Deputy Minister of Defense Prince Khalid bin Salman, July 2021
President Joe Biden and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bumps fist at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah, in July 2022.[518]

Biden ordered a halt in the arms sales to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates which the Trump administration had previously agreed to.[519] Two years after Jamal Khashoggi's assassination, Avril Haines, the Director of National Intelligence under Biden's administration, announced that the intelligence report into the case against the Saudi government would be declassified. It was reported that Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman would be blamed for the murder, as was concluded by the CIA.[520]

On February 4, 2021, the Biden administration announced that the U.S. was ending its support for the Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen. President Biden in his first visit to the State Department as president said "this war has to end" and that the conflict has created "a humanitarian and strategic catastrophe".[521] However, the details of the end of American involvement in the war have yet to be released as of April 2021.[522]

In September 2021, Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan met in Saudi Arabia with Crown Prince Bin Salman to discuss the high oil prices.[523] The record-high energy prices were driven by a global surge in demand as the world quit the economic recession caused by COVID-19.[524][525] The Biden administration was pressed on potential oil deals with Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Iran that would have them increase their oil production.[526][527] However, so far, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have declined requests from the US.[528][529]

As a presidential candidate, Joe Biden had vowed to make the Saudis "pay the price" and make them a "pariah" state, citing the Kingdom's involvement in the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.[530] But, in June 2022, the White House confirmed that Biden was to visit Saudi Arabia and meet Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, during his Middle East trip in July.[531][532] The announcement came after inflation in the US rose to a 40-year high.[533] The Russian invasion of Ukraine also had an impact on the oil and gas prices in the US. Biden repeatedly appealed to the Saudis to increase oil production, but the Kingdom turned down such requests.[534] Biden's planned visit was seen as a move to seek Saudi assistance to ease the oil and gas prices at home.[531][535] However, human rights activists and Democratic lawmakers warned Biden that the visit could send signals to Saudi that their horrific human rights violations could be exempted.[531] Saudi dissidents living in the US said that as Saudi activists who were wronged by Prince Mohammed, they "feel betrayed by Biden".[534] Son of Saad Aljabri, Khalid AlJabri said Biden's meeting with MbS would be "equivalent of a presidential pardon for murder".[536] Democratic Representative Adam Schiff also criticized the visit saying, "I wouldn't go. I wouldn't shake his hand. This is someone who butchered an American resident, cut him up into pieces and in the most terrible and premeditated way."[537]

Secretary of State Antony Blinken and foreign ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council member states in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, April 19, 2024

On 10 July 2022, president Biden defended his trip to Saudi Arabia, saying humans rights were on his agenda.[538] In an op-ed, he wrote that he aims to "reorient and not rupture relations with a country that's been a strategic partner for 80 years", and that Saudi Arabia has helped to restore unity among the six countries of Gulf Cooperation Council and has fully supported the truce in the context of the Yemen war.[539]

Ahead of Biden's visit to Saudi Arabia, reports revealed that the Biden administration could possibly lift a ban on sales of Offensive weapons to Riyadh. However, U.S. national security adviser Jake Sullivan they were focused on a "real ceasefire", and on Saudi efforts to end the war.[540] After the meeting with Saudi officials, Biden announced that the Kingdom committed to extend the truce in Yemen.[541] On 2 August 2022, the State Department approved the potential sale of 300 MIM-104E Guidance Enhanced Missile-Tactical Ballistic Missiles (GEM-T) for the Patriot missile defense system to Saudi Arabia. It also approved support equipment, spares and technical support to the Arab nation. In addition, the State Department also approved the potential sale of 96 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defense system interceptors and support equipment to the UAE.[542][543] However, Human Rights Watch said the US should suspend sales of both offensive and defensive arms to Saudi Arabia and the UAE, which have used American weapons in unlawful airstrikes. HRW said a policy reversal by the US could lead to added rights violations in Yemen.[544]

United Arab Emirates

Secretary Blinken, Israeli Foreign Minister Yair Lapid and UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan on October 13, 2021

The U.S. authorities indicted Thomas J. Barrack Jr., an outside adviser to Donald Trump during and after the 2016 United States presidential election campaign. They alleged he acted as an unregistered foreign lobbyist for the United Arab Emirates. Barrack was also accused of obstruction of justice by giving false statements to the investigators.[545][546] He was found not guilty on all charges in November 2022.[547] The DOJ also prosecuted some men for funneling more than $3.5 million to Hillary Clinton from George Nader, the royal adviser of the UAE.[548]

While federal prosecutors accused the Emirates of interfering in American politics from both sides, the relations with the Arab nation during Biden's presidency didn't witness much of the expected changes. The UAE was seen escaping its blunder-filled history of relations with the US, despite Biden's repetitive criticism against the Emirates' human rights violations and its attempts of infiltrating the US politics.[549] Moreover, the Biden administration also permitted the arms sales of $23 billion to the UAE, which was initiated by Donald Trump and involved a transfer of sophisticated weaponry like the F-35 fighter jets.[550] The US Justice Department did not charge any Emirati in the case. However, Barrack's indictment identified three UAE officials who were hosts at his reception in the Gulf nation after Trump's 2016 elections, and two others who were involved. Amongst the hosts was Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohamed bin Zayed, the UAE's national security adviser Tahnoun bin Zayed and director of the Emirati intelligence service, Ali Mohammed Hammad Al Shamsi. The fourth Emirati official was Abdullah Khalifa Al Ghafli, who "tasked" Barrack to push Emirati interests with America. Another official was Yousef Al Otaiba, who asked to remain anonymous in discussions over private matters.[551]

Israel

President Biden meets Israeli Prime Minister Yair Lapid and Israeli President Isaac Herzog on his visit to Israel, July 13, 2022.

Early on, the Biden administration addressed Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as the Israeli capital. The White House confirmed that the U.S. Embassy would remain in Jerusalem and it would continue to be recognized as the capital. The administration also expressed support for the Abraham Accords while wanting to expand on them, although it shied away from using that name, instead referring to it simply as "the normalization process".[552][553][554]

On 13 May 2021, in the aftermath of the Al-Aqsa mosque conflict, the Biden administration was accused of being indifferent towards the violent conflict between Israeli statehood and the Palestinian minority there. Critics on both sides identified the reaction by the White House as "lame and late".[555]

On 21 May 2021, a ceasefire was brokered between Israel and Hamas after eleven days of clashes. According to Biden, the US will be playing a key role to rebuild damaged infrastructure in the Gaza alongside the Palestinian authority.[556][557]

Israel–Hamas War

President Biden delivers remarks on the Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel.
Biden and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, October 18, 2023

After the October 7 terrorist attack in Israel perpetrated by Hamas, Biden stated, "We stand with Israel" three days later and emphasized the US's role in potentially freeing American hostages in Gaza.[558]

On October 14, Biden condemned the murder of Wadea Al-Fayoume, a six-year-old Muslim boy in Chicago, by the boy's landlord. The murder was an alleged hate crime inspired by the conflict. Biden said, "There is no place in America for hate against anyone."[559][560]

During a speech at the Human Rights Campaign Dinner on October 15, a protestor chanted "let Gaza live" and "ceasefire now" to which Biden responded that he could not hear the protestor, but then later said "I get it. I'm not sure that's a good thing. No, I'm only joking."[561][562]

Biden's trip to Jordan to meet King Abdullah II, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, and Mahmoud Abbas was "mutually" canceled on October 17 and indefinitely postponed.[563][564][565]

President Biden traveled to Tel Aviv, Israel on October 18 and met with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, resulting in humanitarian aid being allowed into Gaza, including food, water, and medicine.[566] During the trip, Biden blamed the al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion on "an errant rocket fired by a terrorist group in Gaza," citing US intelligence reports.[567][568] He also promised to ask congress for an "unprecedented support package for Israel’s defense," potentially tied to a bill with support for Ukraine, Taiwan, and the Southern Border.[569] Biden called on Congress to pass $14.3 billion in emergency military aid to Israel.[570] Israel already receives $3.8 billion a year in military aid.[571] Biden also announced that the US would send $100 million in humanitarian aid to Gaza and the West Bank.[572]

On November 1, after Jessica Rosenberg, a rabbi and activist from Jewish Voice for Peace, heckled Biden during a speech in Northfield, Minnesota calling for a ceasefire, Biden said, "I think we need a pause. A pause means give time to get the prisoners out."[573][574]

Starting November 9, Biden negotiated four-hour pauses for civilians to flee every day after his push for three-day pauses failed.[575] Starting on November 23, Israel agreed to a four-day ceasefire for north of Gaza for six hours a day and a complete ceasefire south of Gaza in exchange for hostages taken by Hamas. The deal was brokered by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States.[576][577][578]

Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Charles Q. Brown Jr. and Israeli Chief of General Staff Herzi Halevi in Tel Aviv, Israel, December 18, 2023

Ian Bremmer, an American political scientist, stated the Biden administration's position unconditionally supporting Israel had left him as isolated on the world stage as Russia's president Vladimir Putin.[579] Biden has reportedly expressed frustration with Netanyahu's handling of the war, although this has not lead to a major shift in American policy.[580][581]

Congressional oversight on arms sales has been sidestepped by the Biden administration on two occasions in December 2023.[582] Usually the Arms Export Control Act would require the State Department, on behalf of the president, to provide U.S. Congress advance notification of government-to-government foreign military sales of defense equipment. But the secretary of state Antony Blinken certified the existence of an "emergency" and therefore the requirement was lifted twice which raised objections from lawmakers from the Democratic Party.[583]

Abdullah II of Jordan and Crown Prince Hussein with President Biden in February 2024

In February 2024, the Biden administration warned the government of Israel against its announced advance against Rafah,[584] and NBC news reported that Biden "has been venting his frustration in recent private conversations, some of them with campaign donors, over his inability to persuade Israel to change its military tactics in the Gaza Strip".[580] On 16 February 2024, the Wall Street Journal reported that the administration is pushing for a cease-fire deal but on the other hand is preparing another delivery of bombs and other weapons and that the administration has to notify "congressional committee leaders who would need to approve the transfer."[585] On 20 February, the U.S. government vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution demanding a cease-fire in Gaza.[586]

After the killing of Palestinian civilians receiving food aid on February 29, Biden expressed that the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient.[587] On March 3, US military began airdropping food aid into Gaza.[588] Some experts called the US airdrops performative and claimed they would do little to alleviate the food situation in Gaza.[589] In July 2024, following Biden's decision not to seek re-election, Palestinian advocacy groups stated they believed that the war would define Biden's presidential legacy.[590]

On July 10, 2024, the Biden administration resumed shipments of the 500-pound bombs to Israel, which were halted in May over concerns about the humanitarian impact of Israel's use of them in killing Palestinians in Gaza.[591]

On September 17, 2024, thousands of handheld pagers used by Hezbollah simultaneously exploded across Lebanon and Syria.[592] The attack came just a day after the Biden administration's special envoy Amos Hochstein visited Israel and warned Benjamin Netanyahu against provoking a major escalation in Lebanon.[593]

Palestine

Biden with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at the Palestinian Presidential Palace in Bethlehem, West Bank, July 15, 2022

During a July 2022 visit to Israel, Biden stressed the importance of keeping the two-state vision alive. He met with Palestinian National Authority President Mahmoud Abbas and announced a new aid package to the Palestinians.[594] During the administration of his predecessor Donald Trump, U.S. contributions to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees had been defunded.[595] On the Israeli end, Prime Minister Yair Lapid reaffirmed his position on a two-state solution.[594]

Worldwide LGBT rights

On February 4, 2021, Biden issued a presidential memorandum for expanding protection of LGBT rights worldwide, which includes the possibility to impose financial sanctions.[596]

The US State Department released a statement on Intersex Awareness Day promoting LGBTQI+ rights around the globe, saying, "Intersex persons often face stigma and discrimination in accessing education, healthcare, and legal recognition, and are subjected to medically unnecessary surgeries. These harmful practices, which can cause lifelong negative physical and emotional consequences, are a medical form of so-called conversion therapy practices in that they seek to physically “convert” Intersex children into non-Intersex children."[597]

Biden announced he would be removing Uganda from the African Growth and Opportunity Act trade deal[598] over the country's anti-LGBT bill that included the death penalty for "aggravated homosexuality" and life-in-prison for identifying as LGBT.[599][600]

Investigations of Biden

Hur special counsel investigation

Biden's attorneys informed the National Archives Administration in November 2022 that classified documents from before Biden's presidency had been found at the Penn Biden Center. Days later Attorney General Garland tasked U.S. Attorney John R. Lausch Jr. with conducting an initial investigation.[601][602][603] On January 5, 2023, Lausch advised Garland that the assignment of a special counsel was warranted.[601][602][603] On January 12, Garland announced that he was appointing a special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records",[604][605] and appointed Robert K. Hur as special counsel.[606] Hur released his report on February 8, 2024, stating that the "evidence does not establish Mr. Biden's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt".[607] The report's final conclusion was that "no criminal charges are warranted in this matter" and that it would be "the same even if there was no policy against charging a sitting president".[608]

Congressional investigations

On September 12, 2023, Speaker McCarthy acceded to the right wing of the House Republican Conference and announced the launch of an impeachment inquiry into Biden.[609][610][611] McCarthy claimed that earlier findings of House investigations "paint a picture of corruption" involving Biden and his relatives.[612] Prior investigations have failed to find evidence of wrongdoing by the president.[c] The impeachment inquiry fizzled out by April 2024.[617]

Elections during the Biden presidency

2022 midterm elections

Despite Biden's low approvals, a red wave did not occur during the president's midterm as many had anticipated. Democrats expanded their narrow Senate majority while Republicans took control of the House of Representatives by a far smaller margin than expected.[618] This was largely attributed to a backlash against the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization,[619] as well as the perceived extremeness of certain Republican candidates in competitive races.

It was the first midterm election since 1986 in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since 1934 in which the president's party didn't lose any state legislative chambers or incumbent senators.[620]

Many pundits had failed to predict the Democrats' resilient performance; Simon Rosenberg was one exception.[621] Polls for the election cycle were the most accurate since 1998, though Republican-aligned pollsters such as the Trafalgar Group had a notable polling miss.[622][623]

The results drew praise from the Democratic Party,[624] and Biden celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.[625]

2024 elections

Initial Biden campaign and withdrawal

President Biden announces that he will not run for re-election

After speculation Biden would not seek re-election due to his advanced age and poor job approval,[626] Biden officially announced his reelection campaign for the Democratic nomination in the 2024 presidential election on April 25, 2023.[627] He became the presumptive Democratic party nominee on March 12, 2024, facing no effective challengers in the primaries.[628] Following what was widely viewed as a lackluster performance in the first presidential debate against presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump and numerous age and health concerns, Biden faced repeated calls to suspend his candidacy. On July 21, 2024, Biden announced in a post on X (formerly known as Twitter) that he was suspending his campaign. He stated that "while it has been my intention to seek re-election, I believe it is in the best interest of my party and the country for me to stand down and to focus solely on fulfilling my duties as President for the remainder of my term", and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris in his stead.[629]

General election

Following the attempted assassination of his then-opponent Donald Trump, Biden condemned the shooting and, in an Oval Office address the next day, spoke about the "need for to lower the temperature" of its political rhetoric.[630]

Biden defended his record as president at the Democratic National Convention and advocated for the election of Harris in one of the last speeches of his presidency.[631] The convention was largely portrayed as an honoring of his political legacy.[632]

Approval ratings and image

Very early in Biden's presidency, opinion polls found that Biden's approval ratings were steadier than Trump's, with an average approval rating of 55% and an average disapproval rate of 39%.[633] Biden's early approval ratings have been more polarized than Trump's, with 98% of Democrats, 61% of independents and 11% of Republicans approving of Biden's presidency in February 2021, a party gap of 87%.[634] Around the end of his first hundred days in office, Biden's approval rating was higher than Trump's but was the third worst since the presidency of Harry Truman; only Trump and Gerald Ford scored lower.[635][636]

After the fall of Kabul and the surge of COVID-19 cases due to the Delta variant in July and August 2021, Biden's approval rating began to steadily decline, from a high of 52.7% approval on July 26, 2021, to 45.9% approval by September 3, 2021, according to FiveThirtyEight.[637][638] While the White House emphasized COVID-19 as causing his low approval rating,[639] inflation, the highest in nearly 40 years,[640][641] has also been described as a cause.[642][643] Biden's lowest approval rating on record comes from a Quinnipiac University poll in July 2022, which showed just 31% of respondents approving of his performance as president.[644]

By the one-year anniversary of Biden's presidency on January 20, 2022, Gallup recorded the average approval rating for Biden's first year as 49%, which was the second-lowest first-year average approval rating for any American president since World War II; only Trump's first-year average of 38.4% was lower.[645][646] Gallup further noted that there was greater political polarization in Biden's approval ratings than any other first-year president in modern history, with 91% of Democrats supporting Biden while just 8% of Republicans supported him, resulting in a party gap of 83%. The only other year of any presidency that saw greater polarization was Trump's final year in office.[645][647] The July 2022 Gallup survey saw Biden's sixth quarter approval rating of 40%, the lowest sixth quarter rating of any president in modern history dating back to Dwight Eisenhower.[648]Until April 23, according to figures compiled by FiveThirtyEight, Biden's approval rating stood at 42.3 percent, a slight improvement from the sub-40 percent level reached in the summer of 2022, but still well below the peak of 53 percent when he began his presidency in January 2021.[649]

An October 30, 2023 poll by the Arab American Institute, support for Biden among Arab Americans dropped from 59% in 2020 to 17%.[650][651] The drop in support has been attributed to the administration's handling of the 2023 Israel–Hamas War.[652][653]

According to Gallup, in July 2024, Biden's approval rating dropped to 36%, the lowest of his presidency, prior to his decision to end his re-election campaign; his highest approval rating dated back to 57% in April 2021.[654][655]

  Percentage that approve   Percentage that disapprove   Percentage of unsure respondents

Media appearances

Biden has been interviewed for several news outlets and appeared on several late-night talk shows throughout his presidency.

In December 2021, Biden appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon where they discussed "his Build Back Better Plan, the importance of his bipartisan friendship with the late Sen. Bob Dole, rejecting extremism and getting Americans vaccinated against COVID-19."[656]

In June 2022, Biden appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! where he discussed "27 school shootings in America in 2022, why he believes nothing has been done so far about gun violence, an overwhelming amount of Americans supporting background checks, meeting with families after the tragic events in Uvalde, Texas, the idea of passing an Executive Order, the strides made in regard to Climate Change, Joe Manchin & Kyrsten Sinema's voting record, housing, food and gas prices being very high and what he intends to do about inflation, the negative impact that the pandemic has had on families and the need for mental health care, being optimistic about this generation of young people, changes in the press, his process for flushing documents down the toilets, what his intentions are if Roe v Wade does in fact get overturned, and his hopes for America."[657]

In July 2022, comedian and host of The Late Late Show, James Corden, visited the White House and spoke with Biden, Jen Psaki, and White House custodian staff. He also gave a fake press briefing in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room.[658]

Biden has also been interviewed by Drew Barrymore, Jake Tapper, Jonathan Capehart, Yonit Levi, George Stephanopoulos, David Muir, Scott Pelley, Lester Holt, and Norah O'Donnell, for The Drew Barrymore Show,[659] CNN,[660] MSNBC,[661] Channel 12 in Israel,[662] ABC News,[663][664] 60 Minutes,[665] NBC,[666] and CBS News,[667] as well as a solo interview by Heather Cox Richardson[668] and Brian Tyler Cohen.[669] Notably, Biden has not sat down with Fox News, despite its popularity in the United States.[670]

News outlets have criticized Biden for only doing a limited amount of interviews during his tenure. Biden participated in 23 interviews in his first 100 days, compared to 95 for Donald Trump, 187 for Barack Obama, 60 for George W. Bush, 64 for Bill Clinton, 70 for George H. W. Bush, and 78 for Ronald Reagan.[671]

Notes

  1. ^ The first NASAMS is coming to Ukraine (17 October 2022), now that NASAMS training is nearly complete.
  2. ^ As of 16 November 2022 the NASAMS had a 100% kill rate against their targets.[487][488][489]
  3. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[613][614][615][616]
  4. ^ a b After two runoff elections, of Democrats Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock in Georgia, there were 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats (including 2 independents who caucus with the Democrats) in the Senate. Both Ossoff (Georgia's class 2 seat) and Warnock (Georgia's class 3 seat) were seated on January 20, 2021. With Democratic vice president Kamala Harris casting tie-breaking votes, the Democrats also have held a majority in the Senate since January 20, 2021.
  5. ^ Kevin McCarthy was removed as Speaker of the House on October 3, 2023. Patrick McHenry acted as Speaker pro tempore from October 3, 2023 to October 25, 2023. Mike Johnson was elected to replace McCarthy as Speaker of the House on October 25, 2023.
  6. ^ Democratic seats at the start of each session of Congress. Independents caucusing with the Democratic Party (Senators Bernie Sanders, Angus King, Joe Manchin, and Kyrsten Sinema) are counted as Democrats for the purposes of this table. Throughout Biden's presidency, there were a total of 100 Senate seats in 435 House seats, so a Democratic majority in the Senate required 50 seats (since Democratic vice president Kamala Harris could provide the tie-breaking vote), and a Democratic majority in the House required 218 seats (assuming no vacancies).
  7. ^ a b 17 days of the 117th Congress (January 3, 2021 – January 19, 2021) took place under President Trump, with Republicans also holding the Senate until January 20th. 17 days of the 119th Congress (January 3, 2025 – January 19, 2025) will take place under President Biden until his successor's inauguration.

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Further reading

External links