Portal:Música clásica

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El Portal de Música Clásica

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La música clásica generalmente se refiere a la música artística del mundo occidental , considerada distinta de la música folclórica occidental o de las tradiciones musicales populares . A veces se la distingue como música clásica occidental , ya que el término "música clásica" también puede aplicarse a músicas artísticas no occidentales . La música clásica a menudo se caracteriza por la formalidad y complejidad en su forma musical y organización armónica , particularmente con el uso de la polifonía . Desde al menos el siglo IX ha sido principalmente una tradición escrita, que generó un sofisticado sistema de notación , además de acompañar a la literatura en prácticas analíticas , críticas , historiográficas , musicológicas y filosóficas . Un componente fundamental de la cultura occidental , la música clásica se ve con frecuencia desde la perspectiva de compositores individuales o de grupos , cuyas composiciones, personalidades y creencias han dado forma fundamentalmente a su historia. ( Articulo completo... )

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Imagen 1

Retrato de Paul Mignard

Jean-Baptiste Lully ( Reino Unido : / ˈ l ʊ l i / LUUL -ee , EE. UU .: / l uː ˈ l iː / loo- LEE , francés: [ʒɑ̃ batist lyli] ; nacido Giovanni Battista Lulli , italiano: [dʒoˈvanni batˈtista ˈlulli ] ; 28 de noviembre [ OS 18 de noviembre] 1632 - 22 de marzo de 1687) fue un compositor , guitarrista , violinista y bailarín italiano naturalizado francés, considerado un maestro del estilo musical barroco francés . Mejor conocido por sus óperas, pasó la mayor parte de su vida trabajando en la corte de Luis XIV de Francia y se convirtió en súbdito francés en 1661. Era un amigo cercano del dramaturgo Molière , con quien colaboró en numerosos comédie-ballets , entre ellos L'Amour médecin , George Dandin ou le Mari confondu , Monsieur de Pourceaugnac , Psyché y su obra más conocida, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme . ( Articulo completo... )
Imagen 2
Héctor Berlioz fue el primero en utilizar el término "sinfonía coral" para una composición musical: su Roméo et Juliette .

A choral symphony is a musical composition for orchestra, choir, and sometimes solo vocalists that, in its internal workings and overall musical architecture, adheres broadly to symphonic musical form. The term "choral symphony" in this context was coined by Hector Berlioz when he described his Roméo et Juliette as such in his five-paragraph introduction to that work. The direct antecedent for the choral symphony is Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. Beethoven's Ninth incorporates part of the Ode an die Freude ("Ode to Joy"), a poem by Friedrich Schiller, with text sung by soloists and chorus in the last movement. It is the first example of a major composer's use of the human voice on the same level as instruments in a symphony.

A few 19th-century composers, notably Felix Mendelssohn and Franz Liszt, followed Beethoven in producing choral symphonic works. Notable works in the genre were produced in the 20th century by Gustav Mahler, Igor Stravinsky, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten and Dmitri Shostakovich, among others. The final years of the 20th century and the opening of the 21st century have seen several new works in this genre, among them compositions by Mikis Theodorakis, Peter Maxwell Davies, Tan Dun, Philip Glass, Hans Werner Henze, Krzysztof Penderecki, William Bolcom and Robert Strassburg. (Full article...)
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Poster by Prudent-Louis Leray for the 1875 première

Carmen (French: [kaʁmɛn] ^ⓘ) is an opera in four acts by the French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed by the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalised its first audiences. Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical canon; the "Habanera" from act 1 and the "Toreador Song" from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias.

The opera is written in the genre of opéra comique with musical numbers separated by dialogue. It is set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don José, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the wiles of the fiery gypsy Carmen. José abandons his childhood sweetheart and deserts from his military duties, yet loses Carmen's love to the glamorous torero Escamillo, after which José kills her in a jealous rage. The depictions of proletarian life, immorality, and lawlessness, and the tragic death of the main character on stage, broke new ground in French opera and were highly controversial. (Full article...)
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The Sleeping Beauty (Russian: Спящая красавица, tr. Spyashchaya krasavitsa listen) is a ballet in a prologue and three acts to music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, his Opus 66, completed in 1889. It is the second of his three ballets and, at 160 minutes, his second-longest work in any genre. The original scenario was by Ivan Vsevolozhsky after Perrault's La belle au bois dormant, or The Beauty Sleeping in the Forest; the first choreographer was Marius Petipa. The premiere took place at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg on January 15, 1890, and from that year forward The Sleeping Beauty has remained one of the most famous of all ballets. (Full article...)
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Davies in 2012

Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CH CBE (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music.

As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Music, Davies formed a group dedicated to contemporary music called the New Music Manchester with fellow students Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon. Davies's compositions include eight works for the stage—from the monodrama Eight Songs for a Mad King, which shocked the audience in 1969, to Kommilitonen!, first performed in 2011—and ten symphonies, written between 1973 and 2013. (Full article...)
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A concerto (/kənˈtʃɛərtoʊ/; plural concertos, or concerti from the Italian plural) is, from the late Baroque era, mostly understood as an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other ensemble. The typical three-movement structure, a slow movement (e.g., lento or adagio) preceded and followed by fast movements (e.g. presto or allegro), became a standard from the early 18th century.

The concerto originated as a genre of vocal music in the late 16th century: the instrumental variant appeared around a century later, when Italians such as Giuseppe Torelli started to publish their concertos. A few decades later, Venetian composers, such as Antonio Vivaldi, had written hundreds of violin concertos, while also producing solo concertos for other instruments such as a cello or a woodwind instrument, and concerti grossi for a group of soloists. The first keyboard concertos, such as George Frideric Handel's organ concertos and Johann Sebastian Bach's harpsichord concertos, were written around the same time. (Full article...)
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A young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a representative composer of the Classical period, seated at a keyboard.

The Classical period was an era of classical music between roughly 1750 and 1820.

The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods. Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music, but a more varying use of musical form, which is, in simpler terms, the rhythm and organization of any given piece of music. It is mainly homophonic, using a clear melody line over a subordinate chordal accompaniment, but counterpoint was by no means forgotten, especially in liturgical vocal music and, later in the period, secular instrumental music. It also makes use of style galant which emphasized light elegance in place of the Baroque's dignified seriousness and impressive grandeur. Variety and contrast within a piece became more pronounced than before and the orchestra increased in size, range, and power. (Full article...)
Image 8

Martha Graham, c. 1940

Appalachian Spring is a ballet created by the American composer Aaron Copland and the choreographer Martha Graham, later arranged as an orchestral work. Commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, Copland composed the ballet for Graham; the original choreography was by Graham, with costumes by Edythe Gilfond and sets by Isamu Noguchi. The music was well-received at the 1944 premiere, earning Copland the Pulitzer Prize for Music after the ballet's 1945 United States tour. The orchestral suite composed in 1945 was played that year by many symphony orchestras; the suite is among Copland's best-known works, and the ballet remains essential in the Martha Graham Dance Company repertoire.

Graham was known for creating the "Graham technique" of dance; in the 1930s, she began commissioning scores from various composers, often related to American history and culture. Around the same time, Copland incorporated relatable and accessible musical characteristics of the Americana style to increase his music's appeal to the general public; he first implemented this in earlier ballets like Billy the Kid and Rodeo. The initial scenario for Appalachian Spring devised by Graham was revised many times by both her and Copland; the title characters' names were changed numerous times and other characters from the early revisions were cut in the final production. Originally orchestrated for a thirteen-piece chamber orchestra, the score was arranged into various suites by Copland for different purposes; the original ballet featured eight episodes, three of which were cut in the well-known orchestral suite. (Full article...)
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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe.

Primarily known for his masses and motets, which number over 105 and 250 respectively, Palestrina had a long-lasting influence on the development of church and secular music in Europe, especially on the development of counterpoint. According to Grove Music Online, Palestrina's "success in reconciling the functional and aesthetic aims of Catholic church music in the post-Tridentine period earned him an enduring reputation as the ideal Catholic composer, as well as giving his style (or, more precisely, later generations' selective view of it) an iconic stature as a model of perfect achievement." (Full article...)
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Dvořák in 1882

Antonín Leopold Dvořák (/d(ə)ˈvɔːrʒɑːk, -ʒæk/ d(ə-)VOR-zha(h)k; Czech: [ˈantoɲiːn ˈlɛopold ˈdvor̝aːk] ^ⓘ; 8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904) was a Czech composer. Dvořák frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the Romantic-era nationalist example of his predecessor Bedřich Smetana. Dvořák's style has been described as "the fullest recreation of a national idiom with that of the symphonic tradition, absorbing folk influences and finding effective ways of using them," and he himself has been described as "arguably the most versatile... composer of his time".

Dvořák displayed his musical gifts at an early age, being an apt violin student. The first public performances of his works were in Prague in 1872 and, with special success, in 1873, when he was 31 years old. Seeking recognition beyond the Prague area, he submitted scores of symphonies and other works to German and Austrian competitions. He did not win a prize until 1874, with Johannes Brahms on the jury of the Austrian State Competition. In 1877, after his third win, Brahms recommended Dvořák to his publisher, Simrock, who commissioned what became the Slavonic Dances, Op. 46. The sheet music's high sales and critical reception led to his international success. A London performance of Dvořák's Stabat Mater in 1883 led to many other performances in the United Kingdom, the United States, and eventually Russia in March 1890. The Seventh Symphony was written for London in 1885. (Full article...)
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Probable portrait of Vivaldi, c. 1723

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks amongst the greatest Baroque composers and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe, giving origin to many imitators and admirers. He pioneered many developments in orchestration, violin technique and programmatic music. He consolidated the emerging concerto form into a widely accepted and followed idiom.

Vivaldi composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other musical instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than fifty operas. His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons. Many of his compositions were written for the all-female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà, a home for abandoned children. Vivaldi began studying for the priesthood at the age of 15 and was ordained at 25, but was given dispensation to no longer say public Masses due to a health problem. Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting the Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved to Vienna, hoping for royal support. However, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and Vivaldi himself died in poverty less than a year later. (Full article...)
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Johann Christoph von Ponickau, for whose memorial service the cantata was composed

Ich lasse dich nicht, du segnest mich denn (I will not let you go, unless you bless me), BWV 157, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig in 1726/27 to a libretto by Picander. The first known performance was on 6 February 1727 during a memorial service for Johann Christoph von Ponickau in Pomßen near Leipzig. The work was later assigned to the feast of the Purification celebrated on 2 February.

Picander included a quotation from Genesis 32:26–32 in the first movement, and the last stanza of Christian Keymann's "Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht" in the closing chorale. The contemplation begins with the Old Testament quotation being applied to Jesus, and leads to the last aria expressing an eager wish for death to arrive soon. The closing chorale picks up the first line. (Full article...)

Imágenes generales - cargar nuevo lote

Las siguientes son imágenes de varios artículos relacionados con la música clásica en Wikipedia.

Image 1Jean-Baptiste Lully de Paul Mignard (de música barroca )
Image 2Bizet fotografiado por Étienne Carjat (1875) (de Música romántica )
Image 3Pintura de Evaristo Baschenis de instrumentos barrocos , incluida una cítara , una viola da gamba , un violín y dos laúdes (de la música barroca )
Image 4Vista de Viena en 1758, de Bernardo Bellotto (del período clásico (música) )
Image 5Gustav Mahler , fotografiado en 1907 por Moritz Nähr al final de su etapa como director de la Hofoper de Viena (de Música romántica )
Image 6Johann Sebastian Bach , 1748 (de música barroca )
Image 7Retrato de Mendelssohn por James Warren Childe , 1839 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 8Un cuarteto de cuerda moderno. En la década de 2000, los cuartetos de cuerda de la época clásica son el núcleo de la literatura de música de cámara. De izquierda a derecha: violín 1, violín 2, violonchelo, viola (del período clásico (música) )
Image 9Gluck, detalle de un retrato de Joseph Duplessis , fechado en 1775 ( Kunsthistorisches Museum , Viena) (del período clásico (música) )
Image 10Hummel en 1814 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 11Marc-Antoine Charpentier (de la música barroca )
Image 12Daguerrotipo de Chopin, c. 1849 (de música romántica )
Image 13Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, pintura póstuma de Barbara Krafft en 1819 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 14Los primeros compases del aria del Commendatore en la ópera Don Giovanni de Mozart . La orquesta comienza con un acorde de séptima disminuida disonante (G# dim7 con B en el bajo) pasando a un acorde de séptima dominante (A7 con C# en el bajo) antes de pasar al acorde de tónica (D menor) en la entrada del cantante. (del período clásico (música) )
Image 15Richard Wagner en París, 1861
Image 16Robert Schumann en un daguerrotipo de 1850 (de música romántica )
Image 17Pintura de Josef Danhauser de 1840 de Franz Liszt al piano rodeado por (de izquierda a derecha) Alexandre Dumas , Hector Berlioz , George Sand , Niccolò Paganini , Gioachino Rossini y Marie d'Agoult , con un busto de Ludwig van Beethoven en el piano (de música romántica )
Image 18Ludwig van Beethoven , pintado por Joseph Karl Stieler , 1820 (de Música romántica )
Image 19La familia Mozart c. 1780. El retrato de la pared es de la madre de Mozart. (del período clásico (música) )
Image 20Un grupo de músicos del Renacimiento en El Concierto (1623) de Gerard van Honthorst (de la música del Renacimiento )
Image 21Músicos de "Procesión en honor de Nuestra Señora de Sablon en Bruselas". Alta capella flamenca de principios del siglo XVII . De izquierda a derecha: bajo dulcián , chirimía alto , corneta aguda, chirimía soprano, chirimía alto, sackbut tenor . (de la música del Renacimiento )
Image 22Parte de la ambientación de Ave maris stella de Du Fay , en fauxbourdon. La línea superior es una paráfrasis del canto; la línea media, denominada "fauxbourdon", (no escrita) sigue la línea superior pero exactamente un cuarto perfecto debajo. El resultado final suele estar, aunque no siempre, un sexto por debajo del resultado superior; está embellecido y alcanza cadencias en la octava. Reproducir (de música del Renacimiento )
Image 23El icónico Retrato de Giuseppe Verdi (1886) de Giovanni Boldini (de Música romántica )
Image 24El caminante sobre el mar de niebla , de Caspar David Friedrich , es un ejemplo de pintura romántica. (de música romántica )
Image 25Balakirev (arriba), Cui (arriba a la izquierda), Mussorgsky (arriba a la derecha), Rimsky-Korsakov (abajo a la izquierda) y Borodin (abajo a la derecha). (de música romántica )
Image 26Bernhard Crusell , compositor y clarinetista sueco-finlandés , en 1826 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 27Franz Liszt en 1858 por Franz Hanfstaengl (de Música romántica )
Image 28Retrato de Haydn por Thomas Hardy , 1792 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 29Un joven Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , compositor representativo del período clásico, sentado ante un teclado. (del período clásico (música) )
Image 30Clavicordio doble manual de Vital Julian Frey, según Jean-Claude Goujon (1749) (de música barroca )
Image 31Claudio Monteverdi en 1640 (de la música barroca )
Image 32Actuación de un gran conjunto instrumental en el fastuoso Teatro Argentina , según lo descrito por Panini (1747) (de música barroca )
Image 33Pintura al óleo de 1875 de Franz Schubert por Wilhelm August Rieder , según su propio retrato en acuarela de 1825 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 34Retrato de Beethoven por Joseph Karl Stieler , 1820 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 35George Frideric Handel (de la música barroca )
Image 36Fortepiano de Paul McNulty según Walter & Sohn, c. 1805 (del período clásico (música) )
Image 37Partitura individual para arpa del siglo XVII. (de la música barroca )

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Las entradas aquí constan de artículos buenos y destacados , que cumplen con un conjunto básico de altos estándares editoriales.

Image 1
El órgano de la catedral de Exeter , que Gibbons pudo haber tocado

Edward Gibbons ( bautizado el 21 de marzo de 1568 - en julio de 1650 o antes) fue un director de coro y compositor inglésde finales del Renacimiento y principios del Barroco . Nacido en Cambridge , la juventud de Gibbons es completamente desconocida, pero posteriormente se licenció en las Universidades de Cambridge y Oxford . De 1591/92 a 1598 trabajó en el King's College de Cambridge como secretario laico y director de coro. Durante su mandato se casó con Jane, con quien tuvo seis hijos. El paradero de Gibbons en los próximos años sigue siendo incierto; pudo haber vivido en Acton , Bristol o Exeter , pero en 1607 era director de coro de la catedral de Exeter , donde los coristas incluían a Matthew Locke . En 1609, Gibbons recibió una dispensa especialpara convertirse en sacerdote vicario , convirtiéndose en el director del colegio de sacerdotes vicarios y sucentores . Jane murió en 1628 y Edward se casó con Mary Bluet; la familia fue desalojada de su casa durante la Guerra Civil Inglesa , pero se mudó a su finca en Dunsford .

Sobreviven algunas composiciones de Gibbons: un preludio para órgano , dos himnos en verso , dos obras para violas consortes y algo de música sacra . De estos, los comentaristas han elogiado principalmente los himnos en verso, ¿ Cómo has estado solitaria la ciudad y Qué golpea el reloj? El musicólogo John Harley calificó el primero como particularmente conmovedor, y probablemente fue escrito para el estallido de peste de Londres de 1603 al quepudo haber sucumbido el hermano de Gibbons, Ellis . Edward es el hermano mayor del más conocido Orlando ; Después de la temprana muerte de Orlando y su esposa, Edward cuidó de su hijo, Christopher , quien también se convirtió en un destacado compositor. ( Articulo completo... )
Image 2
Valerie Muriel Rodway (February 12, 1919 – August 1970) was a Guyanese composer of cultural and patriotic songs, inspired by the events leading up to Guyana's independence in 1966. She is best known for composing music to accompany Guyana national poetry, like Arise, Guyana, Kanaïma, and the Martin Carter's Guyanese Independence poem Let Freedom Awaken. For the next two decades, school children were taught the songs she and others composed to inspire patriotism and cultural affinity. She selected the poetry for her compositions based upon her principles and values, first developed among her parents and siblings.

She has been considered Guyana's greatest composer of patriotic and national music, and among the best composers from Guyana of the 20th century, generally and among composers of classical music. She was awarded the Wordsworth McAndrew Award posthumously in 2002. In 2019, she was awarded the Cacique Crown of Honor, one of the highest honors of Guyana. The National Trust of Guyana building in Cummingsburg, Georgetown, has been renamed the Valerie Rodway House in her honor. (Full article...)
Image 3
Bizet photographed by Étienne Carjat (1875)

Georges Bizet (né Alexandre César Léopold Bizet; 25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875) was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire.

During a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet won many prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857. He was recognised as an outstanding pianist, though he chose not to capitalise on this skill and rarely performed in public. Returning to Paris after almost three years in Italy, he found that the main Parisian opera theatres preferred the established classical repertoire to the works of newcomers. His keyboard and orchestral compositions were likewise largely ignored; as a result, his career stalled, and he earned his living mainly by arranging and transcribing the music of others. Restless for success, he began many theatrical projects during the 1860s, most of which were abandoned. Neither of his two operas that reached the stage in this time—Les pêcheurs de perles and La jolie fille de Perth—were immediately successful. (Full article...)
Image 4

Shankar performing in 1969

Ravi Shankar, KBE (Bengali pronunciation: [ˈrobi ˈʃɔŋkor]; born Robindro Shaunkor Chowdhury, sometimes spelled as Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury; 7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012), was an Indian sitarist and composer. A sitar virtuoso, he became the world's best-known expert of North Indian classical music in the second half of the 20th century, and influenced many musicians in India and throughout the world. Shankar was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1999.

Shankar was born to a Bengali family in India, and spent his youth as a dancer touring India and Europe with the dance group of his brother Uday Shankar. At age 18, he gave up dancing to pursue a career in music, studying the sitar for seven years under court musician Allauddin Khan. After finishing his studies in 1944, Shankar worked as a composer, creating the music for the Apu Trilogy by Satyajit Ray, and was music director of All India Radio, New Delhi, from 1949 to 1956. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score for scoring the blockbuster Gandhi (1982) (Full article...)
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Strauss in 1876

Johann Baptist Strauss II (German: [ˈjoːhan bapˈtɪst ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son (German: Johann Strauß Sohn), was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas as well as a violinist. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and a ballet. In his lifetime, he was known as "The Waltz King", and was largely responsible for the popularity of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century. Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include "The Blue Danube", "Kaiser-Walzer" (Emperor Waltz), "Tales from the Vienna Woods", "Frühlingsstimmen", and the "Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka". Among his operettas, Die Fledermaus and Der Zigeunerbaron are the best known.

Strauss was the son of Johann Strauss I and his first wife Maria Anna Streim. Two younger brothers, Josef and Eduard Strauss, also became composers of light music, although they were never as well known as their brother. (Full article...)
Image 6

Frederik Magle conducting on 20 September 2011, in the DRs Koncerthuset.

Frederik Reesen Magle (Danish pronunciation: [ˈfʁeðˀʁek ˈmɑwlə]; born 17 April 1977) is a Danish composer, concert organist, and pianist. He writes contemporary classical music as well as fusion of classical music and other genres. His compositions include orchestral works, cantatas, chamber music, and solo works (mainly for organ), including several compositions commissioned by the Danish royal family. Magle has gained a reputation as an organ virtuoso, and as a composer and performing artist who does not refrain from venturing into more experimental projects – often with improvisation – bordering jazz, electronica, and other non-classical genres.

His best-known works include his concerto for organ and orchestra The Infinite Second, his brass quintet piece Lys på din vej (Light on your path), composed for the christening of Prince Nikolai, The Hope for brass band and choir, his symphonic suite Cantabile, a collection of improvisations for organ titled Like a Flame, and his fanfare for two trumpets and organ The Fairest of Roses. (Full article...)
Image 7
Smetana, c. 1878

Bedřich Smetana (/ˌbɛdərʒɪx ˈsmɛtənə/ BED-ər-zhikh SMET-ə-nə, Czech: [ˈbɛdr̝ɪx ˈsmɛtana] ^ⓘ; 2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revival". He has been regarded in his homeland as the father of Czech music. Internationally he is best known for his 1866 opera The Bartered Bride and for the symphonic cycle Má vlast ("My Fatherland"), which portrays the history, legends and landscape of the composer's native Bohemia. It contains the famous symphonic poem "Vltava", also popularly known by its German name "Die Moldau" (in English, "The Moldau").

Smetana was naturally gifted as a composer, and gave his first public performance at the age of six. After conventional schooling, he studied music under Josef Proksch in Prague. His first nationalistic music was written during the 1848 Prague uprising, in which he briefly participated. After failing to establish his career in Prague, he left for Sweden, where he set up as a teacher and choirmaster in Gothenburg, and began to write large-scale orchestral works. (Full article...)
Image 8
Portrait of Mozart, aged 13, in Verona, 1770, attributed to Giambettino Cignaroli

Between 1769 and 1773, the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his father Leopold Mozart made three Italian journeys. The first, an extended tour of 15 months, was financed by performances for the nobility and by public concerts, and took in the most important Italian cities. The second and third journeys were to Milan, for Wolfgang to complete operas that had been commissioned there on the first visit. From the perspective of Wolfgang's musical development the journeys were a considerable success, and his talents were recognised by honours which included a papal knighthood and memberships in leading philharmonic societies.

Leopold Mozart had been employed since 1747 as a musician in the Archbishop of Salzburg's court, becoming deputy Kapellmeister in 1763, but he had also devoted much time to Wolfgang's and sister Nannerl's musical education. He took them on a European tour between 1763 and 1766, and spent some of 1767 and most of 1768 with them in the imperial capital, Vienna. The children's performances had captivated audiences, and the pair had made a considerable impression on European society. By 1769, Nannerl had reached adulthood, but Leopold was anxious to continue 13-year-old Wolfgang's education in Italy, a crucially important destination for any rising composer of the 18th century. (Full article...)
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Julius Allan Greenway Harrison (26 March 1885 – 5 April 1963) was an English composer and conductor who was particularly known for his interpretation of operatic works. Born in Lower Mitton, Stourport in Worcestershire, by the age of 16 he was already an established musician. His career included a directorship of opera at the Royal Academy of Music where he was a professor of composition, a position as répétiteur at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, conductor for the British National Opera Company, military service as an officer in the Royal Flying Corps, and founder member and vice-president of the Elgar Society. (Full article...)
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First page of The Pilgrim: Grand Overture by Douglass

John Thomas Douglass (1847–1886) was an American composer, virtuoso violinist, conductor and teacher. He is best known for composing Virginia's Ball (1868), which is generally regarded as the first opera written by a Black American composer. The work is now lost, and his only extant composition is The Pilgrim: Grand Overture (1878) for piano. His biography from James Monroe Trotter's Music and Some Highly Musical People (1878)—in which The Pilgrim survives—reports that he wrote many now lost pieces for piano, orchestra and particularly guitar, which he was known to play.

A highly regarded violinist, Douglass's violin playing received high praise during his lifetime. In addition to his solo career, he traveled with various groups throughout the 1870s, including the Hyers Sisters. He settled in New York by the 1880s and conducted both a music studio and string ensemble. Later in life he led a teaching studio, and among his students was David Mannes who became the concertmaster of the New York Symphony Orchestra. Nearly 30 years after Douglass's death at age 38–39, Mannes founded the Colored Music Settlement School in the memory of his teacher. (Full article...)
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A l’arme A l’arme by Grimace, verso 55 from the Chantilly Codex

Grimace (fl. mid-to-late 14th century; French: [ɡʁi.mas]; also Grymace, Grimache or Magister Grimache) was a French composer-poet in the ars nova style of late medieval music. Virtually nothing is known about Grimace's life other than speculative information based on the circumstances and content of his five surviving compositions of formes fixes; three ballades, a virelai and rondeau. His best known and most often performed work in modern-times is the virelai and proto-battaglia: A l’arme A l’arme.

He is thought to have been a younger contemporary of Guillaume de Machaut and based in southern France. Three of his works were included in the Chantilly Codex, which is an important source of ars subtilior music. However, along with P. des Molins, Jehan Vaillant and F. Andrieu, Grimace was one of the post-Machaut generation whose music shows few distinctly ars subtilior features, leading scholars to recognize Grimace's work as closer to the ars nova style of Machaut. (Full article...)
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Arthur Sullivan in 1888

Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer. He is best known for 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado. His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces. His hymns and songs include "Onward, Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord".

The son of a military bandmaster, Sullivan composed his first anthem at the age of eight and was later a soloist in the boys' choir of the Chapel Royal. In 1856, at 14, he was awarded the first Mendelssohn Scholarship by the Royal Academy of Music, which allowed him to study at the academy and then at the Leipzig Conservatoire in Germany. His graduation piece, incidental music to Shakespeare's The Tempest (1861), was received with acclaim on its first performance in London. Among his early major works were a ballet, L'Île Enchantée (1864), a symphony, a cello concerto (both 1866), and his Overture di Ballo (1870). To supplement the income from his concert works he wrote hymns, parlour ballads and other light pieces, and worked as a church organist and music teacher. (Full article...)
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Walton in 1937

Sir William Turner Walton OM (29 March 1902 – 8 March 1983) was an English composer. During a sixty-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include Façade, the cantata Belshazzar's Feast, the Viola Concerto, the First Symphony, and the British coronation marches Crown Imperial and Orb and Sceptre.

Born in Oldham, Lancashire, the son of a musician, Walton was a chorister and then an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford. On leaving the university, he was taken up by the literary Sitwell siblings, who provided him with a home and a cultural education. His earliest work of note was a collaboration with Edith Sitwell, Façade, which at first brought him notoriety as a modernist, but later became a popular ballet score. (Full article...)
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Fanny Hensel, 1842, by Moritz Daniel Oppenheim

Fanny Mendelssohn (14 November 1805 – 14 May 1847) was a German composer and pianist of the early Romantic era who was known as Fanny Hensel after her marriage. Her compositions include a piano trio, a piano quartet, an orchestral overture, four cantatas, more than 125 pieces for the piano and over 250 lieder, most of which were unpublished in her lifetime. Although lauded for her piano technique, she rarely gave public performances outside her family circle.

She grew up in Berlin and received a thorough musical education from teachers including her mother, as well as the composers Ludwig Berger and Carl Friedrich Zelter. Her younger brother Felix Mendelssohn, also a composer and pianist, shared the same education and the two developed a close relationship. Owing to her family's reservations and to social conventions of the time about the roles of women, six of her songs were published under her brother's name in his Opus 8 and 9 collections. In 1829, she married artist Wilhelm Hensel and, in 1830, they had their only child, Sebastian Hensel. In 1846, despite the continuing ambivalence of her family towards her musical ambitions, Fanny Hensel published a collection of songs as her Opus 1. She died of a stroke in 1847, aged 41. (Full article...)
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Portrait from 1846

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music. His best-known works include the overture and incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream (which includes his "Wedding March"), the Italian Symphony, the Scottish Symphony, the oratorio St. Paul, the oratorio Elijah, the overture The Hebrides, the mature Violin Concerto, the String Octet, and the melody used in the Christmas carol "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing". Mendelssohn's Songs Without Words are his most famous solo piano compositions.

Mendelssohn's grandfather was the renowned Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, but Felix was initially raised without religion until he was baptised aged seven into the Reformed Christian church. He was recognised early as a musical prodigy, but his parents were cautious and did not seek to capitalise on his talent. His sister Fanny Mendelssohn received a similar musical education and was a talented composer and pianist in her own right; some of her early songs were published under her brother's name and her Easter Sonata was for a time mistakenly attributed to him after being lost and rediscovered in the 1970s. (Full article...)

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... que, según su propietario, KLEF en Anchorage, Alaska , era una de las tres estaciones de radio de música clásica operadas comercialmente que quedaban en los Estados Unidos, en 2013?
... que el gerente de WVSS en la Universidad de Wisconsin-Stout gastó alrededor de $6,000 de su propio dinero para comprar más de 500 CD de música clásica para programar la estación?
... que el Stadthalle Hannover , la sala de conciertos de música clásica más grande de Alemania en términos de capacidad, se inspiró en el Panteón de Roma y se completó en 1914?
... que el director Im Won-sik es considerado el "padre del mundo de la música clásica de Corea"?
... que la música coral de Artemy Vedel , considerado uno de los tres compositores de música clásica ucraniana del siglo XVIII, fue censurada pero interpretada a partir de copias manuscritas?
... que los fundadores de la República Turca despreciaban la música clásica turca y trataban de censurarla?

Imagen seleccionada

Image 1
Johann Christian Bach
Pintura: Thomas Gainsborough
Johann Christian Bach (5 de septiembre de 1735 - 1 de enero de 1782) fue un compositor de la época clásica, el decimoctavo hijo de Johann Sebastian Bach y el menor de sus once hijos. Bach fue enseñado por su padre y luego, tras la muerte de este último, por su medio hermano CPE Bach . Bach se mudó a Italia en 1754 y luego a Londres en 1762, donde se hizo conocido como el "Bach de Londres". Las composiciones de Bach incluyen once óperas, además de música de cámara, música orquestal y composiciones para teclado. En 1764 Bach conoció a Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , que entonces tenía ocho años, y pasó cinco meses enseñándole composición. Tuvo una influencia considerable en Mozart y más tarde los estudiosos lo describieron como su "único y verdadero maestro".

Este retrato de Bach fue pintado en 1776 por Thomas Gainsborough , como parte de una colección iniciada por el antiguo maestro de Bach, el Padre Martini . Actualmente se encuentra expuesto en la National Portrait Gallery de Londres .
Image 2
Billy Strayhorn
Photograph credit: William P. Gottlieb; restored by Adam Cuerden
Billy Strayhorn (November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American jazz composer, pianist, lyricist, and arranger, best remembered for his long-time collaboration with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington that lasted nearly three decades. Though classical music was Strayhorn's first love, his ambition to become a classical composer went unrealized because of the harsh reality of a black man trying to make his way in the world of classical music, which at that time was almost completely white. He was introduced to the music of pianists like Art Tatum and Teddy Wilson at age 19, and the artistic influence of these musicians guided him into the realm of jazz, where he remained for the rest of his life. This photograph of Strayhorn was taken by William P. Gottlieb in the 1940s.
Image 3

Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the French court, further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form.

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Image 4
A picture of the first theatre drawn shortly before it burned down in 1808.

The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in the London district of Covent Garden. The large building, often referred to as simply "Covent Garden", is the home of The Royal Opera, The Royal Ballet and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House.
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Image 5

The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known), in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous opera houses. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778, under the name Nuovo Regio Ducal Teatro alla Scala with Salieri's Europa riconosciuta.

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Stradivarius is one of the violins, violas, cellos and other string instruments built by members of the Italian Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari.

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Image 7
Piston valve
Photo: Guillaume Piolle
The anatomy of a Périnet piston valve, this one taken from a B♭ trumpet. When depressed, the valve diverts the air stream through additional tubing, thus lengthening the instrument and lowering the harmonic series on which the instrument is vibrating (i.e., it lowers the pitch). Trumpets generally use three valves, with some variations, such as a piccolo trumpet, having four. When used singly or in combination, the valves make the instrument fully chromatic, or capable of playing all twelve pitches of classical music. Trumpets may also use rotary valves instead.
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Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (Chopin)
Sheet music for the Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53, a solo piano piece written by Frédéric Chopin in 1842. This work is one of Chopin's most admired compositions and has long been a favorite of the classical piano repertoire. The piece, which is very difficult, requires exceptional pianistic skills and great virtuosity to be interpreted. A typical performance of the polonaise lasts seven minutes.
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Jules Massenet
Photograph credit: Eugène Pirou; restored by Adam Cuerden
Jules Massenet (12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era, best known for his operas. Between 1867 and his death, he wrote more than forty stage works in a wide variety of styles, from opéra comique to grand depictions of classical myths, romantic comedies and lyric dramas, as well as oratorios, cantatas and ballets. Massenet had a good sense of the theatre and of what would succeed with the Parisian public. Despite some miscalculations, he produced a series of successes that made him the leading opera composer in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By the time of his death, he was regarded as old-fashioned; his works, however, began to be favourably reassessed during the mid-20th century, and many have since been staged and recorded. This photograph of Massenet was taken by French photographer Eugène Pirou in 1875.
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Kuchipudi
Photograph: Augustus Binu; edit: Chris Woodrich
Kuchipudi is a Classical Indian dance from Andhra Pradesh, India. According to legend, an orphan named Siddhendra Yogi established the Kuchipudi dance-drama tradition in the seventh century. The performance usually begins with stage rites, after which each character comes onto the stage and introduces herself with a small composition of both song and dance. The drama then begins, and the dance is typically accompanied by Carnatic music.
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Photo: W. J. Mayer; Restoration: Lise Broer
A bust of the German composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), made from his death mask. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time. Born in Bonn, of the Electorate of Cologne and a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in present-day Germany, he moved to Vienna in his early twenties and settled there, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. His hearing began to deteriorate in the late 1790s, yet he continued to compose, conduct, and perform, even after becoming completely deaf.
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Royal Albert Hall
Photograph: David Iliff
The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall, seating a maximum of 5,272, on the northern edge of South Kensington, London. Constructed beginning in 1867, the hall was inaugurated on 29 March 1871. Since 1941 it has held The Proms, an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events.