El Premio de la Academia al Mejor Director (oficialmente conocido como el Premio de la Academia al Mérito en la Dirección ) es un premio otorgado anualmente por la Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas (AMPAS). Se otorga en honor a un director de cine que haya demostrado una dirección sobresaliente mientras trabajó en la industria cinematográfica .
Durante los primeros once años de los Premios Óscar, a los directores se les permitió ser nominados por varias películas en el mismo año. Sin embargo, después de la nominación de Michael Curtiz por dos películas, Ángeles con caras sucias y Cuatro hijas , en la 11.ª edición de los Premios Óscar , las reglas fueron revisadas para que un individuo solo pudiera ser nominado por una película en cada ceremonia. [6] Esa regla ha sido modificada desde entonces, aunque el único director que ha recibido múltiples nominaciones en el mismo año fue Steven Soderbergh por Erin Brockovich y Traffic en 2000, ganando el premio por esta última. Los Premios Óscar a Mejor Director y Mejor Película han estado muy estrechamente vinculados a lo largo de su historia. De las 89 películas que ganaron Mejor Película y también fueron nominadas a Mejor Director, 68 ganaron el premio. [7] [8]
Desde su creación, el premio ha sido otorgado a 75 directores o equipos de dirección. En la 96ª ceremonia de los Premios Óscar , el cineasta británico-estadounidense Christopher Nolan es el ganador más reciente en esta categoría por su trabajo en Oppenheimer .
Ganadores y nominados
En la siguiente tabla, los años se enumeran según la convención de la Academia, y generalmente corresponden al año de estreno de la película en el condado de Los Ángeles , California ; las ceremonias siempre se llevan a cabo el año siguiente. [9] Para las primeras cinco ceremonias, el período de elegibilidad abarcó doce meses desde el 1 de agosto hasta el 31 de julio. [10] Para la sexta ceremonia celebrada en 1934, el período de elegibilidad duró desde el 1 de agosto de 1932 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1933. [10] Desde la séptima ceremonia celebrada en 1935, el período de elegibilidad se convirtió en el año calendario anterior completo desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre. [10]
David Lean fue el primer no estadounidense en ganar el premio cuando lo ganó en 1958 por El puente sobre el río Kwai . Repetiría esto en 1963 con Lawrence de Arabia . Esto lo convirtió en el primer no estadounidense en ganar el premio dos veces, no sería hasta Ang Lee 49 años después para que otro no estadounidense ganara el premio dos veces. Desde entonces Alfonso Cuarón y Alejandro G. Iñárritu han agregado sus nombres a esta lista.
William Wyler tiene el mayor número de nominaciones, con 12, incluyendo un récord de cuatro años consecutivos. Martin Scorsese está actualmente en segundo lugar, con 10.
Alfonso Cuarón was the first Mexican (and Latin American) director to win the award, for Gravity. He won again for Roma (2018).
Chloé Zhao was the first woman of color to win the award, for Nomadland (2020/21).
Notes
^The Circus originally received a nomination for Best Director (Comedy Picture), as well as nominations for Best Actor and Best Writing (Original Story), all for Charlie Chaplin. However, the Academy subsequently decided to remove Chaplin's name from the competitive award categories and instead to confer upon him a Special Award "for acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus".
^ a b cThe 2nd Academy Awards is the only ceremony for which there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges. While Frank Lloyd won for The Divine Lady, his other two nominated films are considered to be a single combined nomination.
^ a bAccording to the Oscars.org database, Brown's directing nomination counts as one singular, joint, cumulative nomination for two films. This same recognition was applicable to all nominees, such as to Greta Garbo's acting nominations from the same respective films; as well as acting winners, Norma Shearer and George Arliss. No explanation was given for why the latter two were nominated with two films, yet only awarded for one each.
^ a bMichael Curtiz was not on the original ballot of nominees. However, after the year prior with Bette Davis's omission for Of Human Bondage, the resulting furor led to a write-in campaign determined to secure her a nomination. Thus, the Academy relaxed their rules and allowed her performance to be amongst the competition. They permitted this once more, prompting further submissions: Curtiz; Paul Muni for Black Fury; and several other categories, including Hal Mohr for A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ultimately, Mohr became the only person to win an Oscar as a result of this process. The Academy discontinued this option from the next ceremony forward to prevent any recurrence.
^The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
^ a bWise earned two individual nominations (resulting in one win); and one joint nomination with Jerome Robbins, which also resulted in the pair of them winning.
^While the Coen Brothers, as a directing duo, earned two nominations, their work on Fargo was credited as being split apart: Ethan was given sole producer credit, while Joel was listed as the sole director. Joel thus has one additional directing nomination combined with his work as part of their dual efforts.
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