Premio de la Academia al mejor director

Category of film award

El Premio de la Academia al Mejor Director (oficialmente conocido como el Premio de la Academia al Mérito en la Dirección ) es un premio otorgado anualmente por la Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas (AMPAS). Se otorga en honor a un director de cine que haya demostrado una dirección sobresaliente mientras trabajó en la industria cinematográfica .

La primera ceremonia de los Premios Óscar se celebró en 1929 y el premio se dividió en categorías de "dramático" y "comedia"; Frank Borzage y Lewis Milestone ganaron por 7th Heaven y Two Arabian Knights , respectivamente. ^[1] Sin embargo, estas categorías se fusionaron para todas las ceremonias posteriores. ^[2] Los nominados se determinan por un solo voto transferible dentro de la rama de directores de AMPAS; los ganadores son seleccionados por un voto pluralista de todos los miembros votantes elegibles de la academia. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

Durante los primeros once años de los Premios Óscar, a los directores se les permitió ser nominados por varias películas en el mismo año. Sin embargo, después de la nominación de Michael Curtiz por dos películas, Ángeles con caras sucias y Cuatro hijas , en la 11.ª edición de los Premios Óscar , las reglas fueron revisadas para que un individuo solo pudiera ser nominado por una película en cada ceremonia. ^[6] Esa regla ha sido modificada desde entonces, aunque el único director que ha recibido múltiples nominaciones en el mismo año fue Steven Soderbergh por Erin Brockovich y Traffic en 2000, ganando el premio por esta última. Los Premios Óscar a Mejor Director y Mejor Película han estado muy estrechamente vinculados a lo largo de su historia. De las 89 películas que ganaron Mejor Película y también fueron nominadas a Mejor Director, 68 ganaron el premio. ^{[7] [8]}

Desde su creación, el premio ha sido otorgado a 75 directores o equipos de dirección. En la 96ª ceremonia de los Premios Óscar , el cineasta británico-estadounidense Christopher Nolan es el ganador más reciente en esta categoría por su trabajo en Oppenheimer .

Ganadores y nominados

En la siguiente tabla, los años se enumeran según la convención de la Academia, y generalmente corresponden al año de estreno de la película en el condado de Los Ángeles , California ; las ceremonias siempre se llevan a cabo el año siguiente. ^[9] Para las primeras cinco ceremonias, el período de elegibilidad abarcó doce meses desde el 1 de agosto hasta el 31 de julio. ^[10] Para la sexta ceremonia celebrada en 1934, el período de elegibilidad duró desde el 1 de agosto de 1932 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1933. ^[10] Desde la séptima ceremonia celebrada en 1935, el período de elegibilidad se convirtió en el año calendario anterior completo desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre. ^[10]

Frank Borzage ganó dos veces: "Director dramático" en la primera ceremonia , por 7th Heaven (1927); y más tarde, Bad Girl (1931).

Lewis Milestone ganó dos veces: "Director de comedia" en la primera ceremonia , por Two Arabian Knights (1927); y más tarde, por Sin novedad en el frente (1930).

Frank Lloyd ganó dos veces, por The Divine Lady (1929) y Cavalcade (1933).

Frank Capra ganó tres veces: por Sucedió una noche (1934), Mr. Deeds va a la ciudad (1936) y No puedes llevártelo contigo (1938).

John Ford ganó un récord cuatro veces , por: El informador (1935), Las uvas de la ira (1940), Qué verde era mi valle (1941) y El hombre tranquilo (1952).

Leo McCarey ganó dos veces, por La terca verdad (1937) y Siguiendo mi camino (1944).

Victor Fleming ganó por Lo que el viento se llevó (1939).

William Wyler , con un récord de doce nominaciones , ganó tres veces: por: La señora Miniver (1942), Los mejores años de nuestra vida (1946) y Ben-Hur (1959).

Michael Curtiz ganó por Casablanca (1942).

Billy Wilder ( derecha , con Gloria Swanson ) ganó dos veces, por The Lost Weekend (1945) y The Apartment (1960).

Elia Kazan ganó dos veces, por Gentleman's Agreement (1947) y On the Waterfront (1954).

John Huston ganó por El tesoro de la Sierra Madre (1948).

Joseph L. Mankiewicz ganó dos veces consecutivas, por Una carta a tres esposas (1949) y Eva al desnudo (1950).

George Stevens ganó dos veces, por Un lugar en el sol (1951) y Gigante (1956).

Fred Zinnemann ganó dos veces, por De aquí a la eternidad (1953) y Un hombre para la eternidad (1966).

David Lean ganó dos veces, por El puente sobre el río Kwai (1957) y Lawrence de Arabia (1962).

Vincente Minnelli ganó para Gigi (1958).

Robert Wise ganó dos veces: junto con Jerome Robbins ( por primera vez en un Oscar ) por West Side Story (1961) y en solitario por The Sound of Music (1965).

George Cukor ganó por My Fair Lady (1964).

Mike Nichols ganó por El graduado (1967).

Carol Reed ganó por Oliver! (1968).

Franklin J. Schaffner ganó por Patton (1970).

Bob Fosse ganó por Cabaret (1972).

Francis Ford Coppola ganó por El Padrino II (1974).

Miloš Forman ganó dos veces: por Alguien voló sobre el nido del cuco (1975) y Amadeus (1984).

Woody Allen ganó por Annie Hall (1977).

Robert Redford ganó por Gente corriente (1980).

Warren Beatty ganó para los Rojos (1981).

Richard Attenborough ganó por Gandhi (1982).

Sydney Pollack ganó por Memorias de África (1985).

Oliver Stone ganó dos veces, por Platoon (1986) y Born on the Fourth of July (1989).

Bernardo Bertolucci ganó por El último emperador (1987).

Barry Levinson ganó por Rain Man (1988).

Kevin Costner ganó por Bailando con lobos (1990).

Jonathan Demme ganó por El silencio de los corderos (1991).

Clint Eastwood ganó dos veces, por Los imperdonables (1992) y Million Dollar Baby (2004); esta última, a los 74 años, lo convirtió en el ganador de mayor edad .

Steven Spielberg ganó dos veces, por La lista de Schindler (1993) y Rescatando al soldado Ryan (1998).

Robert Zemeckis ganó por Forrest Gump (1994).

Mel Gibson ganó por Braveheart (1995).

James Cameron ganó por Titanic (1997).

Sam Mendes ganó por Belleza americana (1999).

Steven Soderbergh ganó por Traffic (2000).

Ron Howard ganó por Una mente maravillosa (2001).

Roman Polanski ganó por El pianista (2002).

Peter Jackson ganó por El Señor de los Anillos: El Retorno del Rey (2003).

Ang Lee ganó dos veces, por Brokeback Mountain (2005) y Life of Pi (2012); el primer ganador asiático .

Martin Scorsese ganó por Los infiltrados (2006).

Los hermanos Coen ganaron por No es país para viejos (2007).

Danny Boyle ganó por Slumdog Millionaire (2008).

Kathryn Bigelow ganó por The Hurt Locker (2009); primera mujer en ganar .

Tom Hooper ganó por El discurso del rey (2010).

Alfonso Cuarón ganó dos veces, por Gravity (2013) y Roma (2018); primer ganador mexicano .

Alejandro G. Iñárritu ganó dos veces consecutivas, por Birdman (2014) y The Revenant (2015).

Damien Chazelle ganó por La La Land (2016); el ganador más joven , a los 32 años.

Guillermo del Toro ganó por La forma del agua (2017).

Bong Joon-ho ganó por Parasite (2019); el primero en dirigir una película en idioma extranjero (coreano) ganadora del premio a Mejor Película .

Chloé Zhao ganó por Nomadland (2020); primera mujer de color en ganar.

Jane Campion ganó por The Power of the Dog (2021); primera mujer en ser nominada dos veces .

Los Daniels ganaron por Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022).

Christopher Nolan ganó por Oppenheimer (2023).

Década de 1920

Década de 1930

Década de 1940

Década de 1950

Década de 1960

Década de 1970

Década de 1980

Década de 1990

Década de 2000

Década de 2010

Década de 2020

Múltiples victorias y nominaciones

Superlativos de edad

Archivos

• John Ford ha recibido el mayor número de premios en esta categoría, con cuatro. Frank Capra y William Wyler ganaron tres cada uno.
• David Lean fue el primer no estadounidense en ganar el premio cuando lo ganó en 1958 por El puente sobre el río Kwai . Repetiría esto en 1963 con Lawrence de Arabia . Esto lo convirtió en el primer no estadounidense en ganar el premio dos veces, no sería hasta Ang Lee 49 años después para que otro no estadounidense ganara el premio dos veces. Desde entonces Alfonso Cuarón y Alejandro G. Iñárritu han agregado sus nombres a esta lista.
• William Wyler tiene el mayor número de nominaciones, con 12, incluyendo un récord de cuatro años consecutivos. Martin Scorsese está actualmente en segundo lugar, con 10.
• Clarence Brown received the most nominations without a win (6). Alfred Hitchcock and King Vidor each received five nominations without a win.
• Damien Chazelle is the youngest winner, at the age of 32 for La La Land.
• John Singleton is the youngest (and first Black) nominee, at age 24 for Boyz n the Hood.
• Four directing teams have been nominated together (a total of five times): Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978), Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men (2007) and True Grit (2010), and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022). Of these, Wise and Robbins, the Coens (2007), and Kwan and Scheinert won the award.
• Six directors won the award for their feature film debut: Delbert Mann for Marty (1955), Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Robert Redford for Ordinary People (1980), James L. Brooks for Terms of Endearment (1983), Kevin Costner for Dances with Wolves (1990), and Sam Mendes for American Beauty (1999).
• Only one director won for his only career directing credit: Jerome Robbins for West Side Story.
• Four directors have twice won for films that did not win Best Picture: Frank Borzage, George Stevens, Ang Lee, and Alfonso Cuarón; John Ford did so three times.
• The Coen Brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.^[111]
• Lina Wertmüller was the first woman nominated in the category, for Seven Beauties (1976). Kathryn Bigelow became the first woman to win the award, for The Hurt Locker (2009).
• Francis Ford Coppola is the only director to be nominated for each film of a trilogy, The Godfather trilogy, winning for the second film.
• John Ford (1940–1941), Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949–1950), and Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014–2015) are the only directors to have won the award in two consecutive years.
• Ang Lee was the first Asian director to win the award, for Brokeback Mountain. He won again for Life of Pi (2012).
• Alfonso Cuarón was the first Mexican (and Latin American) director to win the award, for Gravity. He won again for Roma (2018).
• Chloé Zhao was the first woman of color to win the award, for Nomadland (2020/21).

Notes

1. The Circus originally received a nomination for Best Director (Comedy Picture), as well as nominations for Best Actor and Best Writing (Original Story), all for Charlie Chaplin. However, the Academy subsequently decided to remove Chaplin's name from the competitive award categories and instead to confer upon him a Special Award "for acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus".
2. The 2nd Academy Awards is the only ceremony for which there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges. While Frank Lloyd won for The Divine Lady, his other two nominated films are considered to be a single combined nomination.
3. According to the Oscars.org database, Brown's directing nomination counts as one singular, joint, cumulative nomination for two films. This same recognition was applicable to all nominees, such as to Greta Garbo's acting nominations from the same respective films; as well as acting winners, Norma Shearer and George Arliss. No explanation was given for why the latter two were nominated with two films, yet only awarded for one each.
4. Michael Curtiz was not on the original ballot of nominees. However, after the year prior with Bette Davis's omission for Of Human Bondage, the resulting furor led to a write-in campaign determined to secure her a nomination. Thus, the Academy relaxed their rules and allowed her performance to be amongst the competition. They permitted this once more, prompting further submissions: Curtiz; Paul Muni for Black Fury; and several other categories, including Hal Mohr for A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ultimately, Mohr became the only person to win an Oscar as a result of this process. The Academy discontinued this option from the next ceremony forward to prevent any recurrence.
5. The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
6. Wise earned two individual nominations (resulting in one win); and one joint nomination with Jerome Robbins, which also resulted in the pair of them winning.
7. While the Coen Brothers, as a directing duo, earned two nominations, their work on Fargo was credited as being split apart: Ethan was given sole producer credit, while Joel was listed as the sole director. Joel thus has one additional directing nomination combined with his work as part of their dual efforts.

See also

• BAFTA Award for Best Direction
• Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director
• Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film
• Golden Globe Award for Best Director
• Independent Spirit Award for Best Director
• List of Academy Award–nominated films

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Bibliography

• Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3.
• Levy, Emanuel (2003). All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-1452-6.

External links

• Oscars.org (official Academy site)
• The Academy Awards Database (official site)
• Oscar.com Archived March 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (official ceremony promotional site)