Un estado soberano histórico es un estado que existió en algún momento, pero que se disolvió debido a un conflicto, una guerra, una rebelión, una anexión o un levantamiento. Esta página enumera estados soberanos , países , naciones o imperios que dejaron de existir como entidades políticas en algún momento después de 1453, agrupados geográficamente y por naturaleza constitucional. [nota 1]
Los criterios para la inclusión en esta lista son similares a los de la lista de estados con reconocimiento limitado . Para ser incluido aquí, un estado debe haber reclamado la condición de estado y:
Esta no es una lista de todas las variantes de gobierno de un estado ni tampoco es una lista de variaciones de los nombres oficiales largos de los países. Para los fines de esta lista, el punto de corte entre los estados medievales y los de principios de la era moderna es la caída de Constantinopla en 1453.
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Sal%C3%A9_(1624-1668).svg.png){kind=small}
República de Salé (1627-1668)
República del Rif (1921-1926)_in_the_%22Book_of_all_kingdoms%22_(C._1350).svg/1280px-The_flag_of_the_'Kingdom_of_Dongola'_(Makuria)_in_the_%22Book_of_all_kingdoms%22_(C._1350).svg.png){kind=small}
Makuria (siglo V-1518).svg/1280px-Possible_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Alodia_(c._1350).svg.png){kind=small}
Alodia (siglo VI-1504)
Sultanato mameluco (1250-1517)
Reino Shilluk (siglo XV-1861).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Egypt_(1844-1867).svg.png){kind=small}
Eyalet de Egipto (1517–1867).png/1280px-Royal_Funj_%22wasm%22_(branding_mark).png){kind=small}
Sultanato de Sennar (1504-1821)
Sultanato de Darfur (1603–1874/1898–1916)
Estado mahdista (1885-1899).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Tripolitanian_Republic_(Fictional).svg.png){kind=small}
República Tripolitana (1918-1922)
Emirato de Cirenaica (1949-1951).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931971).svg.png){kind=small}
República Árabe Unida (1958-1971).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hafsid_Dynasty_(1229_-_1574).svg.png){kind=small}
Dinastía Hafsí (1229-1574).svg/1280px-Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_(14th_century).svg.png){kind=small}
Emirato hafsí de Béjaïa (1285-1510)
Reino de Tlemcen (1235-1556).png/1280px-Flag_of_Kuku_(West_of_Kabylia).png){kind=small}
Reino de Kuku (1515-1638).svg/1280px-Drapeau_Royaume_Ait_Abbas_(Beni_Abb%C3%A8s).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Beni Abbas (1510-1871)
Regencia de Argel (1516-1830)
Emirato de Abdelkader (1832-1847).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_(1975%E2%80%931978).svg.png){kind=small}
Régimen de Ali Soilih (1976-1978).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Anjouan_(official).svg.png){kind=small}
Estado de Anjouan (1997-2002), (2007-2008)
Reino de Antankarana : se convirtió en protectorado francés en 1843 y fue anexado en 1895..svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Antongila_Kingdom_(1773-1786).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Antongil (1773-1786)
Reino de Boina ( c. 1690-1840 )
Reino de Menabe ( c. 1685-1834 )
Reino de Imerina (1540–1897).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Tamatave_Kingdom_(1750-1819).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Tamatave (1712-1828).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Tanibe_Kingdom_(1822-1828).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Tanibe (1822-1828)
Imperio Bornu ( c. 1380-1893 ) Reino Shilluk (siglo XV-1861)
Sultanato de Adal (1415-1559)
Imamato de Aussa (siglo XVI-1750) Sultanato de Aussa (1734-1936)
Sultanato de Isaak (1750–1884)_flag_according_to_1576_Portuguese_map.svg/1280px-Muzzaffar_(Mogadishu_area)_flag_according_to_1576_Portuguese_map.svg.png){kind=small}
Sultanato de Ajuran (siglo XIII-siglo XVII) Sultanato de Hobyo (1878-1925) Sultanato de Majeerteen ( c. 1800-1924 )
Estado de Somalilandia (1960)
Califato de Sokoto (1804-1903)
Reino de Cayor (1549–1879).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Imamate_of_Futa_Djallon_(pre-1896).svg.png){kind=small}
Imamato de Futa Jallon (1725-1912)
Imperio Wassoulou (1878-1898)
Imperio Ashanti (1670/1701–1902, todavía existe como región)
Reino de Dahomey ( c. 1600 – 1904)
Confederación Aro (1690-1902)
Gobierno de Thomas Sankara en Burkina Faso (1984-1987)
República Popular Revolucionaria de Guinea (1979-1984)
República de Maryland (1854-1857)
República de Dahomey (1958-1975)
República de Benín (19 de septiembre de 1967 – 20 de septiembre de 1967)
Biafra (1967-1970).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Buganda_(1892).svg.png){kind=small}
Buganda (siglo XIV-1894, todavía existe como reino tradicional)
Bunyoro (siglo XIII-1897, todavía existe como reino tradicional)
Ankole (1478–1901, completamente disuelta en 1967)
Reino de Toro (1830–1876, todavía existe como reino tradicional).png/1280px-Flag_of_Busoga_(royal_standard).png){kind=small}
Busoga (?–1906, todavía existe como reino tradicional).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Burundi_(1962%E2%80%931966).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Burundi (1680–1890/1962–1966).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Witu_Protectorate_(1893-1920).svg.png){kind=small}
Sultanato de Witu ( c. 1810-1905 /1923).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Sultanate_of_Zanzibar_(1963).svg.png){kind=small}
Sultanato de Zanzíbar (antes de 1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Zanzibar_(January-April_1964).svg.png){kind=small}
República Popular de Zanzíbar (1964).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964).svg.png){kind=small}
Tanganica (1961-1964)
Reino de Loango ( c. 1550 – c. 1883 )
Reino del Congo (1390-1914)
Estado Libre del Congo (1885-1908).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Zaire_(1971%E2%80%931997).svg.png){kind=small}
República del Zaire (1971-1997)
Reino de Mutapa (1430-1760)
Swellendam (1795)
Graaff-Reinet (1795-1796)
República Sudafricana (Transvaal) (1852-1877, 1881-1902)
Estado Libre de Orange (1854-1902)
Griqualandia Oriental (1862-1874)
Nueva República (1884-1888)
República de Natalia (1839-1843)
Estado de Gosén (1882-1883)
República de Stellaland (1882-1885).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Stellaland_(1883-5).svg.png){kind=small}
Estados Unidos de Stellaland (1883-1885).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg.png){kind=small}
República de Upingtonia (1885-1887).svg/1280px-Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928-1982).svg.png){kind=small}
Unión Sudafricana (1910-1961).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Bophuthatswana_(1972%E2%80%931994).svg.png){kind=small}
Bofutatsuana (1977–1994)
Ciskei (1981-1994)
Transkei (1976-1994).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Venda_(1973%E2%80%931994).svg.png){kind=small}
Venda (1979–1994).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_(1968%E2%80%931979).svg.png){kind=small}
Rodesia (1965-1979).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe_Rhodesia_(1979).svg.png){kind=small}
Rodesia de Zimbabue (1979)
Kanato de Chagatai (1225-1680)
Emirato de Bujará (1785-1873).svg/1280px-Proposed_Flag_of_the_Alash_Autonomy_(horizontal).svg.png){kind=small}
Autonomía de Alash (1917-1918)_Autonomy.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Turkestan_(Kokand)_Autonomy.svg.png){kind=small}
Autonomía del Turquestán (1917-1918)
Kanato de Jiva (1511-1920)
República Confederada de Altai (1918-1920)
República Popular Soviética de Bujará (1920-1925)
República Popular Soviética de Jorezm (1920-1925)
Primera República del Turquestán Oriental (1933-1934).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Second_East_Turkestan_Republic_(2).svg.png){kind=small}
Segunda República del Turquestán Oriental (1944-1949)
Kanato de Bogd de Mongolia (1911-1924)
República de China (con base en China continental entre 1912 y 1949; con existencia continua en Taiwán desde 1949)
Gobierno Revolucionario Popular de la República de China (1933-1934).svg/1280px-Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg.png){kind=small}
Gobierno reformado de la República de China (1937-1940).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_(Peace,_Anti-Communism,_National_Construction).svg.png){kind=small}
Gobierno Nacional Reorganizado de la República de China (Régimen de Wang Jingwei) (1940-1945) Gobierno provisional de la República de China (1937-1940) Gobierno autónomo de Hebei Oriental (1935-1938).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Formosa_(1895).svg.png){kind=small}
República de Formosa (1895)
Gobierno militar de Sichuan de la Gran Dinastía Han [zh] (1911-1912).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(Pre-1996).svg.png){kind=small}
Comuna de Guangzhou (1927) Unión Soviética de Hunan (1927)
El Soviet de Hunan en una provincia de China continental (1927)
República Popular de Mongolia Interior (1945)
Jaxa (1665–1674)
Soviético de Jiangxi-Fujian (1931-1934) Unión Soviética de Jiangxi (1931-1937)
Manchuria (1932-1945)
Gobierno Autónomo Unificado de Mengjiang (1939-1945)
Dinastía Ming (1368-1644) y dinastía Ming del Sur (1644-1662).svg/1280px-Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg.png){kind=small}
Dinastía Qing (1644-1912)
Reino de Ryukyu (1429-1879)
Gobierno de la Gran Vía de Shanghái (1937-1938)
Zona soviética de China (1927-1949)
Reino celestial de Taiping (1851-1864)
Tíbet bajo el gobierno de Ganden Phodrang (1644-1720)
Tíbet (1912-1951) Estados tibetanos (900–1240, 1300–1620)
Reino de Tungning (1661-1683).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Tuvan_People's_Republic_(1935-1939).svg.png){kind=small}
República Popular de Tuvan (1921-1944).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Uriankhai_(1918-1921).svg.png){kind=small}
Región de Uryankhay (1914)
Dinastía Yuan (1271-1368) y Dinastía Yuan del Norte (1368-1635)
Japón ocupado por los aliados (1945-1952)
Shogunato Ashikaga (1336-1573).svg/1280px-Oda_ka_(No_background_and_Black_color_drawing).svg.png){kind=small}
Azuchi-Momoyama (1568-1600).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg.png){kind=small}
Imperio del Japón (1868-1947)
República de Ezo (1869)
Shogunato Tokugawa (1603-1868)
Goguryeo (37 a. C. – 668 d. C.)
Silla unificada (668–935).svg/1280px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_(Bong-gi).svg.png){kind=small}
Goryeo (918–1392)
Joseon (1392-1897).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Korea_(1899).svg.png){kind=small}
Imperio coreano (1897-1910)
República Popular de Corea (1945-1946)
Comité Popular Provisional de Corea del Norte (1946-1947) Comité Popular de Corea del Norte
Gobierno provisional de la República de Corea (1945).svg/1280px-Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949%E2%80%931984).svg.png){kind=small}
Primera República de Corea (1948-1960) Segunda República de Corea (1960-1961)
Consejo Supremo para la Reconstrucción Nacional (1961-1963) Tercera República de Corea (1963-1972) Cuarta República de Corea (1972-1981).svg/1280px-Flag_of_South_Korea_(1984%E2%80%931997).svg.png){kind=small}
Quinta República de Corea (1981-1988)
Dinastía Hotak (1709-1738)
Imperio Durrani (1747-1826)
Emirato Islámico de Badakhshan (1996) Emirato Islámico de Kunar (1991)
Kanato de Kalat (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955) Imperio Durrani (1749-1758)
Beylik de Candar (1292-1461)
Alaiye (1293–1471)
Imperio de Trebisonda (1204-1461)
República de Kars (1918-1919).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg.png){kind=small}
Imperio otomano ( c. 1299-1923 )
Reino de Chipre (1192-1489)
Estado Federado Turco de Chipre (1975-1983).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Kurdistan_(1922-1924).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino del Kurdistán (1922-1924)
Gobierno de toda Palestina (1948-1967)
Federación Árabe (1958)
Irán-u-Turan (timúrida) (1370-1507)
El extenso reino de Irán (dinastía safávida) (1501-1736).svg/1280px-Afsharid_Imperial_Standard_(3_Stripes).svg.png){kind=small}
Dominios protegidos de Irán (dinastía afsárida) (1736-1796)
Dominios protegidos de Irán (dinastía Zand) (1751-1794).svg/1280px-State_flag_of_Persia_(1907%E2%80%931933).svg.png){kind=small}
Estado sublime de Persia/Irán (1794-1925)
Estado Imperial de Persia/Irán (1925-1979)
República Socialista Soviética de Persia en Gilan (Irán) (1920-1921)
Gobierno del Pueblo de Azerbaiyán (1945-1946).png/1280px-Flag_of_Mahabad_(1946%E2%80%931947).png){kind=small}
República de Mahabad (1946)
Dictadura militar de Mughan (1918-1919).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Syria_(1920-03-08_to_1920-07-24).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino árabe de Siria (1920)
República Árabe Unida (1958-1971)
Estado del Líbano Libre (1979-1984)
Estado Islámico (2014-2017)
El jeque de Kuwait (1613-1961)
Emirato de Bani Khalid (1669-1796)
Emirato de Diriyah (1744-1812) Emirato de Nejd (1812-1891)
Mascate y Omán (1820-1970)
Emirato de Jabal Shammar (1836-1921) Emirato de Riad (1902-1913).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir_(1909-1927).svg.png){kind=small}
Emirato idrisí de Asir (1906-1934)
El jeque del Alto Asir (1916-1920)
Emirato de Nejd y Hasa (1913-1921)
Sultanato de Nejd (1921-1925) Reino del Hiyaz (1916-1925)
Reino del Hiyaz y el Nejd (1926-1932)
Reino mutawakkilita del Yemen (1918-1970)
República Democrática Popular del Yemen (1967-1990)
República Árabe del Yemen (1962-1990)
Sultanato de Fadhli (siglo XV-1888)
Sultanato de Qu'aiti en Hadhramaut (1858-1888)
Sultanato de la Alta Yafa (1800-1903)
Sultanato de Yafa Baja (1800-1895)
Emirato de Beihan (1680-1872)
Emirato de Dhala (siglo XV-1904)
Sultanato wahidi de Balhaf (1640-1888)
Sultanato wahidi de Haban (1640-1895)
Sultanato Kathiri en Hadhramaut (siglo XIV-1888)
Estado de Mahra de Qishn y Socotra (1432–1886)
Sultanato de Lahej (1728-1839)
Federación de Arabia del Sur (1962-1967)
República de Kuwait (1990)
Reino de Garhwal (823–1949)
Reino de Cochin (antes del siglo XII d. C. – 1949).png/1280px-Sultan_of_Delhi_Flag_according_to_the_Catalan_Atlas_(1375).png){kind=small}
Sultanato de Delhi (1206-1526)
Sultanato de Bengala (1352-1576)
Reino de Mysore (1399-1948).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Bengal_(15th-18th_century).svg.png){kind=small}
Subah de Bengala (1717-1757) [nota 2]
Confederación Maratha (1674-1820)
Imperio sij (1799-1849)
Imperio mogol (1526-1857)
Gobierno Provisional de la India Libre (1943-1945)
Estado de Hyderabad (1724-1798)
Travancore (1729-1949)
Estado de Udaipur (734–1818)
Dinastía Manikya (1400-1761)
República Unida de Suvadive (1959-1963)
Sultanato de Maldivas (1117–1796), (1954–1968).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Sikkim_(1967-1975).svg.png){kind=small}
Sikkim (1642-1975).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Cambodia_(pre-1863).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Camboya (1431–1863).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Cambodia_(1863%E2%80%931948).svg.png){kind=small}
El reino de Kampuchea (1945).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang_(1707-1893).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Luang Phrabang (1707–1893).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Champasak_(1713-1947).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Champasak (1713-1904).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang_(1945).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Luang Phrabang (1945)
Lao Issara (1945-1946)
Soviético de Nghệ-Tĩnh (1930-1931).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_(1945).svg.png){kind=small}
El imperio de Vietnam (1945)
República Democrática de Vietnam (Vietnam del Norte) (1945-1976)
República de Cochinchina (1946-1949)
Gobierno central provisional de Vietnam (1948-1949) Estado de Vietnam (conocido como Vietnam del Sur después de la Conferencia de Ginebra de 1954) (1949-1955) República de Vietnam (Vietnam del Sur) (1955-1975)
República de Vietnam del Sur (1975-1976)
Reino de Hanthawaddy (1287-1552)
Dinastía Taungoo (1486-1752, Segundo Imperio).svg/1280px-National_flag_of_Third_Burmese_Empire_(Konbaung_Dynasty).svg.png){kind=small}
Dinastía Konbaung (1752-1885, Tercer Imperio)
Estados Shan (1287–1557)
Estado de Birmania (1943-1945).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Thailand_(Ayutthaya_period).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Ayutthaya (1350-1767) Reino de Thonburi (1767-1782).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Patani_Kingdom_(until_1816).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Pattani (1516-1902).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Kedah_(18th_century_-_1821).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Setul Mambang Segara (1808-1916)
Reino de Siam (1782-1932)
República de Indonesia (1945-1949) [nota 3] Estados Unidos de Indonesia (1949-1950)
Estado de Indonesia Oriental (1946-1950)
Estado de Java Oriental (1948-1950)
Estado de Sumatra Oriental (1947-1950) Estado de Madura (1948-1950)
Estado de Pasundan (1948-1950)
Estado de Sumatra del Sur (1948-1950)
Gran Dayak (1946-1950)
Kalimantan Occidental (1946-1950)
Sultanato de Aceh (1496-1903)
Sultanato de Siak Sri Indrapura
Sultanato de Deli (1609-1862, completamente disuelto en 1956)
Sultanato de Langkat (1568-1946).svg/1280px-Royal_Malay_Banner_(Yellow).svg.png){kind=small}
Sultanato de Serdang (1723-1946)
Majapahit (1293–1527)
Sultanato de Mataram (1588-1681)
Sultanato de Bantén (1527-1813)
Sultanato de Cirebon (1445–1677)
Reinos de Bali (914-1908)
Sultanato de Bima (1620-1669, completamente disuelto en 1958)
Sultanato de Gowa (siglo XIV-1911, completamente disuelto en 1945)
Sultanato de Bone (siglo XIV – 1905)
Sultanato de Ternate (1257-1914)
Imperio bruneano (1368-1888) Sultanato de Pontianak (1771-1779).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Sarawak_(1870%E2%80%931946,_1963%E2%80%931973).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Sarawak (1841–1888)
Sultanato de Bulungan (1731– c. 1880 , completamente disuelto en 1964)
Sultanato de Banjar (1526-1860)
República de Lanfang (1777-1884)
Sultanato de Riau-Lingga (1824-1911).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Pahang_(1853_-_1887).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Pahang (1770-1881).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Malaya_(1896%E2%80%931950).svg.png){kind=small}
Unión Malaya (1946-1948).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Malaya_(1950%E2%80%931963).svg.png){kind=small}
Federación Malaya (1957-1963)
Sultanato de Maguindanao (1500–1888)
Sultanato de Sulu (1405-1915)
República de Negros (1898-1899)
Gobierno cantonal de Negros (1898-1901)
Gobierno Revolucionario de Tejeros (1897)
Nación soberana tagalo (1896-1897).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931901).svg.png){kind=small}
Primera República Filipina (1899-1902)
República de Tagalo (1902-1906).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_(1943%E2%80%931945).svg.png){kind=small}
Segunda República Filipina (1943-1945)En los países nórdicos, los sindicatos eran personales, no unitarios.
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Finland_(1918%E2%80%931920).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Finlandia (1918-1919)
República Socialista Obrera de Finlandia (1918-1919).svg/1280px-Jack_of_Sweden_and_Norway_(1844%E2%80%931905).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino Unido de Suecia y Noruega (1814-1905).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Norway_(1814%E2%80%931821).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Noruega (1814)
Dinamarca-Noruega (1524-1814, intermitente)
Unión de Kalmar (1397-1523, intermitente)
Schleswig (1058-1864)
Reino de Francia (843–1792) (1814/15–1848).svg/1280px-Drapeau_de_la_province_de_Bretagne_(1532).svg.png){kind=small}
Ducado de Bretaña (939-1532)
Ducado de Borgoña (918-1482)
Imperio francés (1804-1814/15) (1852-1870) Primer Imperio Francés (1804-1814/15) Segundo Imperio Francés (1852-1870)
Ducado de Normandía (911–1259/1469)
Ducado de Lorena (959-1766)
Vizcondado de Béarn (siglo IX-1620)
Ciudad libre de Danzig (1807-1814)
Ducado de Varsovia (1807-1815)
Territorio de la cuenca del Sarre (1920-1935)
La Francia de Vichy (1940-1944).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Saar_(1947%E2%80%931956).svg.png){kind=small}
Protectorado del Sarre (1946-1956)
Reino de Córcega (1736) República de Córcega (1755-1769) Reino anglo-corso (1794-1796)
Condado de Foix (1010-1607).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Free_Cities_of_Menton_and_Roquebrune_(1848-1849).svg.png){kind=small}
Ciudades libres de Menton y Roquebrune (1848-1849).svg/1280px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_(1430-1806).svg.png){kind=small}
Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico (843–1806)
Confederación del Rin (1806-1813)
Ducado de Anhalt (1806-1918)
Principado de Reuss-Gera (1806-1918)
Gran Ducado de Frankfurt (1810-1813)
Confederación Alemana (1815-1866).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg.png){kind=small}
Imperio alemán (1848-1849) Federación de Alemania del Norte (1867-1871) Imperio alemán (1871-1918)
Berlín Occidental (1948-1990), enclave político alineado con el Bloque Occidental .
República Democrática Alemana (1949-1990) (también conocida como Alemania del Este o RDA ), sus estados se adhirieron a la República Federal de Alemania en 1990.
República Soviética de Alsacia (1918).svg/1280px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_(1891%E2%80%931918).svg.png){kind=small}
Baden (Gran Ducado – 1806–1871).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Bavaria_(striped).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Baviera (1806-1871)
Bremen (1815-1871).svg/1280px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig_(1814-1830).svg.png){kind=small}
Brunswick (1815-1871)
Frankfurt (Ciudad Imperial Libre de Frankfurt (HRE), antes de 1806; Ciudad de Frankfurt, 1815-1866)
Hamburgo (1189–1871)
Reino de Hannover (1814-1866)
Hesse-Homburgo (1815-1866)
Hesse-Kassel (o Hesse-Cassel) (electorado, 1803-1807, 1813-1866)
Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623–1850) Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1623-1850)
Holstein (1815-1864)
Lippe (1123–1871)
Lübeck (ciudad libre, 1226-1871)
Mecklemburgo-Schwerin (1815-1871) Mecklemburgo-Strelitz (1815-1871).svg/1280px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_(1806-1866).svg.png){kind=small}
Nasáu (1806-1866).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Oldenburg_(Scandinavian_Cross).svg.png){kind=small}
Oldemburgo (1815-1871)
Pomerania (1121–1637).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Prussia_(1892-1918).svg.png){kind=small}
Prusia (1525-1871)
Ducado de Prusia (1525-1618).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Brandenburg_(1660%E2%80%931750).svg.png){kind=small}
Brandeburgo-Prusia (1618-1701).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_(1803-1892).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Prusia (1701-1871)
Reuss (1010-1806).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_(1893-1918).svg.png){kind=small}
Sajonia-Altenburgo (1602-1871).svg/1280px-Banner_of_Saxony_(1%5E1).svg.png){kind=small}
Sajonia-Coburgo-Saalfeld (1735-1826).svg/1280px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_(1911-1920).svg.png){kind=small}
Sajonia-Coburgo y Gotha (1826-1871) Sajonia-Gotha (1640-1680).svg/1280px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_(1826-1911).svg.png){kind=small}
Sajonia-Hildburghausen (1680-1826)
Sajonia-Lauenburgo (o Ducado de Lauenburgo) (1296–1871)
Sajonia-Meiningen (1680-1871).svg/1280px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_(1897-1920).svg.png){kind=small}
Sajonia-Weimar-Eisenach (1809-1871).svg/1280px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_(1815-1918).svg.png){kind=small}
Sajonia (reino) – 1806–1871)
Schaumburg-Lippe (1647-1871)
Schwarzburgo-Rudolstadt (1599-1871) Schwarzburgo-Sondershausen (1599-1871)
Waldeck (1180-1871)
Wurtemberg (reino) – 1806–1871)
Estado libre de cuello de botella (1919-1923)
Archiducado de Austria (1453–1804, 1867–1918)
Condado del Tirol (1140-1919)
Ducado de Estiria (1180-1918) República de Austria-Alemania (1918-1919)
Imperio austríaco (1804-1867)
Antigua Confederación Suiza (1300-1798).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_(French).svg.png){kind=small}
República Helvética (1798-1803).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais_(1802%E2%80%931815).svg.png){kind=small}
República de Rodas (1802-1810)
República de Crema (1797)
República de Alba (1796).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Ancona_(c._1174%E2%80%931532).svg.png){kind=small}
República de Ancona ( c. 1000 – 1532)
República de Florencia (1115-1569)
Reino de Nápoles (1282-1816)
Ducado de Urbino (1443-1625)
República Anconina (1797-1798)
Juzgado de Arborea (siglo IX-1420)
Reino de Etruria (1801-1807)
Provincias Unidas de Italia Central (1859-1860)
República Cisalpina (1797-1802)
República Cispadana (1796-1797)
República de Cospaia (1440–1826)
Principado de Elba ( Elba ) (1814-1815) Reino de Etruria (1801-1807).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Marquisate_of_Finale_(12th_century-1602).svg.png){kind=small}
Marquesado de Finale (967–1602)
Regencia de Carnaro (1919-1920).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_(1816).svg.png){kind=small}
Nación Gozotana (1798-1801).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Republic_(1802).svg.png){kind=small}
República Italiana (Napoleónica) (1802-1805)
Reino de Italia (napoleónico) (1805-1814)
Reino de Lombardía-Venecia (1815-1866)
Ducado de Lucca (1815-1847).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Lucca_(1805-1809).svg.png){kind=small}
Principado de Lucca y Piombino (1805-1814).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Lucca_(1799-1801).svg.png){kind=small}
República de Lucca (1160–1805).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_(various).svg.png){kind=small}
Soberana Orden Militar de Malta (1530-1798).svg/1280px-Mantua_Flag_1575-1707_(new).svg.png){kind=small}
Ducado de Mantua (1273-1707)
Ducado de Massa y Carrara (1473-1829).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Milan_(1450).svg.png){kind=small}
Ducado de Milán (1395-1797)
Gobierno provisional de Milán (1848)
Ducado de Módena (1452-1796, 1815-1859) Reino de Nápoles (1285-1816)
República de Noli (1192-1797)
Ducado de Parma (1545-1859).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Papal_States_(1825-1870).svg.png){kind=small}
Estados Pontificios (752–1870)
República de Pisa ( c. 1000 – 1406).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Roman_Republic_(19th_century).svg.png){kind=small}
República romana (siglo XIX) (1849).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1848).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Cerdeña (1720-1861)
República de San Marcos (1848-1849)
Reino de Sicilia (1130-1816)
Reino de Sicilia (1848) República Transpadana (1796-1797).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_(1840).svg.png){kind=small}
Gran Ducado de Toscana (1569-1801, 1815-1859) Reino de las Dos Sicilias (1815-1860)
República de Venecia (697-1797)
República de Génova (1095-1797).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943).svg.png){kind=small}
Protectorado italiano de Albania (1939-1943).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Montenegro_(1905%E2%80%931918,_1941%E2%80%931944).svg.png){kind=small}
Gobernación italiana de Montenegro (1941-1943)
Reino de Tavolara (1836-1934)
Territorio Libre de Trieste (1947-1954)
República de la Isla Rosa (1968-1969)
Reino de Gwynedd (450–1216)
Reino de Powys (siglo V-1160).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Scotland_(1542%E2%80%932003,_sky_blue).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Escocia (843–1707)
Reino de Inglaterra (927–1707)
Imperio angevino (1154-1214)
Principado de Gales (1216-1536)
Mancomunidad de Inglaterra (1649-1653) y (1659-1660).svg/1280px-Standard_of_Oliver_Cromwell_(1653%E2%80%931659).svg.png){kind=small}
El Protectorado (1653-1659).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_(1707%E2%80%931800).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Gran Bretaña (1707-1800).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda (1801-1922)
Osraige (150–1541)
Uí Maine ( c. 357-1611 ).png/1280px-Royal_Banner_of_O'Donnell_(Tyrconnell).png){kind=small}
Tyrconnell (siglo V–1607)
Tír Eoghain (siglo V-1607)
Fermanagh (siglo X-1607)
República de Connacht
Thomond (1118–1543)
Reino de Desmond (1118-1596)
Señorío de Irlanda (1171–1542)
Clandeboye (1283–1605)
Reino de Leinster
Reino de Connacht
Reino de Irlanda (1541–1801)
Confederación católica irlandesa (1641-1649) República de Connacht (1798) Soviets irlandeses (1919-1922) El Soviet de Limerick (1919)
Príncipe-obispado de Lieja (972-1795) anexado por Francia en 1795.
Ducado de Brabante (1183-1794)
Ducado de Bouillon (1456? – 1794)
Estados Unidos Belgas (1789-1790)
República de los Siete Países Bajos Unidos (1581-1795) (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën) Independencia de España después de la Guerra de los Ochenta Años en 1581, conquistada por Francia en 1795.
República de Bátava (1795–1806) (Bataafse Republiek) Estado vasallo de Francia .
Reino de Holanda (1806–1810) (Koninkrijk Holland/Royaume d'Hollande) Gobernado por Luis Bonaparte , anexado por Francia en 1810. Principado soberano de los Países Bajos Unidos (1813-1815) Reino Unido de los Países Bajos (1815-1839)
Moresnet neutral (1816-1920) Ducado de Pomerania (1121–1160, 1264–1295, 1478–1531, 1625–1637)
Ducado de Pomerania-Wolgast (1295-1478)
Ducado de Mazovia (1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, 1495–1526) Ducado de Pomerania-Stolp (1368-1478)
Ducado de Cracovia (1227-1320)
Principado de Halych (1110-1339)
Reino de Galicia-Volinia (1199-1349)
Ducado de Bytom (1281-1498)
Ducado de Silesia (1138-1335)
Ducado de Opole (1172–1202, 1281–1532)
Ducado de Racibórz (1172-1202, 1281-1521)
Ducado de Opole y Racibórz (1202–1281, 1521–1532, 1551–1556)
Ducado de Inowrocław (1267-1364)
Ducado de Teschen (1281-1918)
Reino de Polonia (1025–1031, 1076–1079, 1295–1296, 1300–1320)
Reino Unido de Polonia (1320-1386)
Mancomunidad de Polonia y Lituania (1569-1795)
Corona del Reino de Polonia (1386-1795)
Gran Ducado de Lituania (1236-1795)_Lob.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Prussia_(1466-1772)_Lob.svg.png){kind=small}
Prusia Real (1466-1569) Ducado de Prusia (1525-1657).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Courland_(state).svg.png){kind=small}
Ducado de Curlandia y Semigalia (1561-1795).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Galicia-Lodomeria_(1890%E2%80%931918).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Galicia y Lodomeria (1772-1918, parte del Imperio austríaco , más tarde parte de Austria-Hungría). Ducado de Varsovia (1807–1815; parte del Primer Imperio Francés , unión personal con el Reino de Sajonia ).
Ciudad de Cracovia, libre, independiente y estrictamente neutral, con su territorio (1815-1846).svg/1280px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Tsar_of_Poland_(1815%E2%80%931830).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Polonia (1815-1832; unión personal con el Imperio ruso ). Tierra del Vístula (1867-1915; parte del Imperio ruso)..svg/1280px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen_(1815).svg.png){kind=small}
Gran Ducado de Posen (1815-1848; parte del Reino de Prusia )
Gran Ducado de Cracovia (1846-1918; parte de Austria-Hungría ).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Poland_(November_Uprising).svg.png){kind=small}
Gobierno nacional polaco (1830-1831)
Gobierno nacional polaco (1846).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian_Commonwealth_(January_Uprising).svg.png){kind=small}
Gobierno nacional polaco (1863-1864).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Poland_(1919%E2%80%931928).svg.png){kind=small}
Reino de Polonia (1917-1918) República de Zakopane (1918)
República de Tarnobrzeg (1918-1919)
República de Komancza (1918-1919)
República Popular Lemko-Rusyn (1918-1920) II República de Polonia (1918-1939)
República de Lituania Central (1920-1922)
Ciudad Libre de Danzig (1920-1939) Comité Revolucionario Provisional Polaco (1920).svg/1280px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_(1938%E2%80%931945).svg.png){kind=small}
La administración militar en Polonia (1939).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg.png){kind=small}
Gobernación General de la Región Polaca Ocupada (1939-1945)
Estado clandestino polaco (1939-1945).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931980).svg.png){kind=small}
Comité Polaco de Liberación Nacional (1944) Gobierno provisional de la República de Polonia (1944-1945) Gobierno Provisional de Unidad Nacional (1945-1947) República de Polonia (1947-1952) República Popular de Polonia (1952-1989).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Poland_(normative).svg.png){kind=small}
Región territorial nacional polaca (1990-1991)
República de Kholodny Yar (1919-1922)
Sich de Zaporozhia (1552-1775)
Hetmanato cosaco (1649-1764).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Ukraine_(1917%E2%80%931921).svg.png){kind=small}
República Popular de Ucrania (1917-1920) Estado ucraniano (1918) República Popular de Ucrania Occidental (1918-1919).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1919-1929).svg.png){kind=small}
República Socialista Soviética de Ucrania (1919-1991; soberana hasta 1922)
Majnovismo (1918-1921) República Hutsul (1919)
República Socialista Soviética de Galicia (1920) Cárpatos-Ucrania (1939) Gobierno nacional ucraniano (1941)
República Popular de Donetsk (2014-2022)
República Popular de Luhansk (2014-2022)
Principado de Teodoro (siglo XIII-1475)
Kanato de Crimea (1449-1783)
República Popular de Crimea (1917-1918).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_ASSR_(1938).svg.png){kind=small}
República Socialista Soviética Autónoma de Crimea (1921-1941/1944-1945/1991-1992)
República de Crimea (2014)
Principado de Polotsk (siglo X-1397) Gran Ducado de Lituania (1236-1795)
Reino de Lituania (1918) República de Lituania (1918-1940)
República de Perloja (1918-1923) República de Lituania Central (1920-1922)
República Socialista Soviética de Lituania y Bielorrusia (1919).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991%E2%80%931995).svg.png){kind=small}
República Popular de Bielorrusia (1918-1919).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1919%E2%80%931927).svg.png){kind=small}
República Socialista Soviética de Bielorrusia (1919-1922)
Estado de la Orden Teutónica (1230-1525)
Reino de Livonia (1570-1578)
Ducado unido del Báltico (1918).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1918%E2%80%931920).svg.png){kind=small}
República Socialista Soviética de Letonia (1918-1920)
Primera República de Letonia (1918-1940) Ducado de Curlandia y Semigalia (1918)
República Soviética de Naissaar en una isla estonia del mar Báltico (1917-1918)
Comuna de los Trabajadores de Estonia (1918-1919)
Primera República de Estonia (1918-1940)
Reino Dacio (168 a. C.-106 d. C.).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Transylvania_(1350).svg.png){kind=spacer}
Voivodato de Transilvania (siglo XII-1541)
Principado de Valaquia (1330-1859)
Principado de Moldavia (1346-1859)
Principado de Transilvania (1570-1711)Eyalete de Valaquia (1595) Eyalet de Temeşvar (1552-1716) Eyalet de Varat (1660–1692)
Gran Principado de Transilvania (1711-1867) Banato de Temeswar (1718-1778)
Ducado de Bucovina (1849-1918).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Romania_(1862%E2%80%931866).svg.png){kind=small}
Principados Unidos de Moldavia y Valaquia (1859-1881)
Reino de Rumania (1881-1947) República del Banato (1918-1919)
República Democrática de Moldavia (1917-1918)
República de Nóvgorod (1136-1478)
República de Pskov (1348-1510)
Principado de Tver (1246-1483)
Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1097–1521).gif/1280px-%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86,_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_1626_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4).gif){kind=small}
Principality of Great Perm (1323–1505)
Golden Horde (1320–1547)
Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)
Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598)
Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771)
Republic of Uhtua (1918–1920)
Kuban People's Republic (1918–1920)
Don Republic (1918–1920)
Idel-Ural State (1 March 1918 – 28 March 1918)
Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
Green Ukraine (1920–1922)
Tungus Republic (1924–1925).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Mongolia_(1911%E2%80%941921).svg.png){kind=small}
State of Buryat-Mongolia (1917–1920)
Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547)
North Ingria(1919–1920).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_(variant).svg.png){kind=small}
Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721) Russian Empire (1721–1917) Kingdom of Poland (1815–1867) Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917) Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (1917–1924) Russian Republic (1917) Russian Republic (1918) Russian State (1918–1920).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_(1918%E2%80%931925).svg.png){kind=small}
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1922) Supreme Administration of the Northern Region (1918) Provisional Government of the Northern Region (1918–1920) Armed Forces of South Russia (1918–1919)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1952%E2%80%931990).svg.png){kind=small}
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1952%E2%80%931991).svg.png){kind=small}
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951%E2%80%931991).svg.png){kind=small}
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg.png){kind=small}
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951%E2%80%931990).svg.png){kind=small}
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931956).svg.png){kind=small}
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956);_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931991);_Flag_of_Kazakhstan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg.png){kind=small}
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991);_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1952%E2%80%931991);_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg.png){kind=small}
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg.png){kind=small}
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931988).svg.png){kind=small}
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1952%E2%80%931990).svg.png){kind=small}
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_(1954%E2%80%931991).svg.png){kind=small}
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924)
Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1941)
Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990).svg/1280px-Flag_of_The_Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920-36).svg.png){kind=small}
Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936)
Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1924)
Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991) Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1945)
Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1990)
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1940; 1956–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_ASSR_(1929-1937).svg.png){kind=small}
Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)
Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943; 1957–1991)
Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kabardin_ASSR_(1954-1957).svg.png){kind=small}
Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1957).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Tuvan_ASSR_(1978-1992).svg.png){kind=small}
Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1961–1992) Khakas Autonomous Oblast (1990–1991) Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991);_Flag_of_Tajikistan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931991);_Flag_of_Tajikistan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg.png){kind=small}
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929–1991);_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1973%E2%80%931991);_Flag_of_Turkmenistan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg.png){kind=small}
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1949%E2%80%931991).svg.png){kind=small}
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1952%E2%80%931991).svg.png){kind=small}
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hungary_(895-1000).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Hungary (895–1000).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hungary_(1915-1918,_1919-1946).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1804)_(1526-1540).svg/1280px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_(Szapolyai)_(1526-1540).svg.png){kind=small}
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1551, 1556–1570)
Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hungary_(15th_century,_rectangular).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Upper Hungary (1682–1685) Principality of Transylvania (1711–1804)_(Border).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Croatia_(Early_16th_century%E2%80%931526)_(Border).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)
Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hungary_with_great_coat_of_arms_(1849).svg.png){kind=small}
Hungarian State (1849)
Duchy of Bohemia (c. 870–1198)
Kingdom of Bohemia (1198–1918)
Margraviate of Moravia (1182–1918) Slovak Soviet Republic (1919).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Slovakia_(1939%E2%80%931945).svg.png){kind=small}
Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939) Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic) Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Austria_(1-1).svg.png){kind=small}
Duchy of Austria (1156–1453) Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804) Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
Austria-Hungary (1867–1918).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Albanian_Provisional_Government_(1912-1914).svg.png){kind=small}
Independent Albania (1912–1914)
Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914)
Republic of Central Albania (1913–1914).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Albania_(1914%E2%80%931920).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Albania (1914–1925) Italian protectorate over Albania (1917–1920)
Republic of Mirdita (1921) Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Albania_(1934%E2%80%931939).svg.png){kind=small}
German occupation of Albania (1943–1944).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Albania_(1946%E2%80%931992).svg.png){kind=small}
People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Greece_(1822-1978).svg.png){kind=small}
First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)
Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (1821–1825).svg/1280px-State_Flag_of_Greece_(1863-1924_and_1935-1973).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)_crowned.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg.png){kind=small}
Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1945)
Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463)
Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992%E2%80%931998).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_(1993%E2%80%931995).svg.png){kind=small}
Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995)
Republika Srpska (1992–1995)
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1996)
Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396)
Despotate of Dobruja (1356–1411)
Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908)
Strandzha Commune (1903)
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918).svg/1280px-Crown_of_Zvonimir_(Croatia).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Croatia (1527–1868)
Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1868)
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918)
Free State of Fiume (1920–1924).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Croatia_(1941%E2%80%931945).svg.png){kind=small}
Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945) Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)
Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808).svg/1280px-State_Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_(1991).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995) First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (1821–1825) Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864)
Septinsular Republic (1800–1815).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_(1834%E2%80%931912).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Samos (1815–1864)
Cretan State (1898–1913)
Free State of Ikaria (1912) Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1945)
Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1516–1852).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Montenegro_(1860%E2%80%931905).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918) Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941–1943) German-occupied territory of Montenegro (1943–1944)
Kruševo Republic (1903)
Independent Macedonia (1944) [proposed]
Revolutionary Serbia (1804–1813).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Serbia_(1835%E2%80%931882).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Serbia (1815–1882).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Serbia_(1882%E2%80%931918).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918) State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg.png){kind=small}
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943–1992).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_(1992%E2%80%932006).svg.png){kind=small}
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003) Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Kosova_(1991%E2%80%931999).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Kosova (1991–1999)
Byzantine Empire (395–1453)
Duchy of Athens (1205–1458) Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1922) Government of the Grand National Assembly (1920–1923)
Caucasian Albania (2nd century BC–8th century AD)
Kabardia (c. 1453–c. 1825)
Circassia (13th century–1864)
Avar Khanate (13th century–1864)
Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859)
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917–1921)
North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920)
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000)
Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)
Kingdom of Imereti (1260–1810)
Principality of Svaneti (1463–1858).svg/1280px-Flag_of_The_Principality_of_Mingrelia_(Portolan_1560).svg.png){kind=small}
Principality of Mingrelia (1557–1867)
Principality of Guria (1460–1829)
Kingdom of Kakheti (1465–1762)
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1801).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Georgia_(1918%E2%80%931921,_4-5).svg.png){kind=small}
Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) Republic of Mountainous Armenia (April 1921–July 1921)
Republic of Artsakh (1991–2024)
Republic of Aras (1918–1919)
Centrocaspian Dictatorship (1918) Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919)
Baku Commune (1918)
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (February 1918–May 1918)
Emirate of Córdoba (756–929)
Kingdom of Asturias (718–924)
Kingdom of León (910–1230)
Couto Misto (10th century–1868) Asturian Socialist Republic (October 1934)
Kingdom of Navarre (824–1620)
First Catalan Republic (1641–1652)
Revolutionary Catalonia (1936–1939) Second Catalan Republic (1931)
Crown of Aragon (1162–1479)
Emirate of Granada (1238–1492)
Kingdom of Majorca (1231–1715 (1349))
Principality of Catalonia (12th century – 1714/1833)
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1825).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Portugal_(1830%E2%80%931910).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North) (1919)
Ditadura Nacional (1926–1933)-Variant.svg/1280px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castile_(Early_Style)-Variant.svg.png){kind=small}
Crown of Castile (1230–1479)
Kingdom of Galicia (410–1833).svg/1280px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Kingdom_of_Castile_(Variant).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Castile (1065–1230/1715)
Catalonia (2017).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Anguilla_(1967%E2%80%931969).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Anguilla (1967–1969)
Republic of Pirates (1706–1718)
Republic of Madawaska (1827).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Canada_(variant).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Canada (1837–1838).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Patriote_movement_(Lower_Canada).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Lower Canada (1838).svg/1280px-Mikmaq_State_Flag_(vertical).svg.png){kind=small}
Miꞌkmaꞌki (1867)
Republic of Manitoba (1867–1870)
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885)
Dominion of Newfoundland (1907–1949)
Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822)
First Dominican Republic (1844–1861)
United Provinces of Central America
State of Los Altos (1838–1840), (1848–1849).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Haiti_(1964%E2%80%931986,_civil).svg.png){kind=small}
First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Haiti_(1806%E2%80%931811).svg.png){kind=small}
State of Haiti (1806–1811).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Haiti_(1814%E2%80%931820).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)
Toltec Empire (674 (disputed)–1122 (disputed))
Cocollán (1100–1521)
Northern America (1813)
First Mexican Empire (1821–1823).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Mexico_(1823-1864,_1867-1893).svg.png){kind=small}
Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
First Mexican Republic (1824–1835).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Rio_Grande_(historical).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of the Rio Grande (1840)
Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)
Republic of Yucatán (1841–1848)
Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863)
Republic of Sonora (1853–1854)
Republic of Baja California (1853–1854)
Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)
Iroquois Confederacy (between 1450 and 1660–1867)
Cherokee Nation (1794–1865)
Vermont Republic (1777–1791).svg/1280px-State_of_Muskogee_(Florida,_1799-1803).svg.png){kind=small}
State of Muskogee (1799–1803)
Republic of West Florida (1810)
Republic of East Florida (1812)
Republic of the Floridas (1817)
Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
State of Deseret (1849–1850).svg/1280px-First_Bear_Flag_of_California_(1846).svg.png){kind=small}
California Republic (June 14 – July 9, 1846)
The Great Republic of Rough and Ready (1850).svg/1280px-Flag_of_South_Carolina_(1861).svg.png){kind=small}
Palmetto Republic (1860–1861).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Alabama_(1861,_obverse).svg.png){kind=small}
Alabama Republic (1861).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Louisiana_(February_1861).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Louisiana (1861).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia_(1861,_red).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Georgia (1861).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Mississippi_(1861-1865).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Mississippi (1861).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_(1865).svg.png){kind=small}
Confederate States of America (1861–1865).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Grito_de_Lares_(current,_medium_blue).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Puerto Rico (1868, 1898)
Tuʻi Tonga Empire (c. 450–1865)
Mangareva (1881)
Kingdom of Bora Bora (till 1888 or 1895)
Kingdom of Raiatea (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880)
Kingdom of Huahine (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888)
Kingdom of Tahiti (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842)
Kingdom of Rurutu (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888)
Kingdom of Rimatara (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tahuata_(1837-1842).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Tahuata (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842)
Kingdom of Rapa Iti (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887)
Kingdom of Tuamotu.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Fiji_(1871-1874).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Fiji (1871–1874)
Dominion of Fiji (1970–1987).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hawaii_(1816).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1893) Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893–1894) Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)
Kingdom of Rarotonga (1858–1893)
Kingdom of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) (till 1888)
Kingdom of Abemama (1795–1892).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_People's_Provisional_Government_of_Vanuatu_(1977-1978).svg.png){kind=small}
People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977–1978).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Argentina_(1818).svg.png){kind=small}
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831)
Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
Republic of Entre Ríos (1820–1821)
Republic of Tucumán (1820–1821)
State of Buenos Aires (1852–1861)
Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (1860–1862).svg/1280px-State_flag_of_Bolivia_(1825-1826).svg.png){kind=small}
State of Upper Peru (1825) Republic of Bolívar (1825).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Alto_Peru_(1828-1829).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Upper Peru (1828) Bolivian Republic (1836–1839)
Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
Republic of Acre (1899–1900; 1903).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Brazil_(1822%E2%80%931870).svg.png){kind=small}
Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
Confederation of the Equator (1824)
Riograndense Republic (1836–1845).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Rep%C3%BAblica_Juliana_(1839).svg.png){kind=small}
Juliana Republic (1839).svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_(1887-1904).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of Counani (1886–1891)
Principality of Trindad (1893–1895).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Chile_(1812-1814).svg.png){kind=small}
Kingdom of Chile (1810–1814).svg/1280px-State_Ensign_of_Chile_(1819-1834).svg.png){kind=small}
New State of Chile (1819–1826)
Conservative Republic (1830–1861) Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (1862)
Muisca Confederation (1450–1537)
Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (1810–1815)
Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca (1811–1815).svg/1280px-Flag_of_New_Granada_(1811-1814).svg.png){kind=small}
United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816)
Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
Republic of New Granada(1831–1858)
State of Quito (1809–1812) Estado de Quito
Free Province of Guayaquil (1820–1822).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Paraguay_(1954%E2%80%931988).svg.png){kind=small}
El Stronato (1954–1989).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Peru_(1821-1822).svg.png){kind=small}
Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822)
Republic of South Peru (1836–1839).svg/1280px-Flag_of_Peru_(1825%E2%80%931884).svg.png){kind=small}
Republic of North Peru (1836–1839) Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839) Peruvian Republic (1837) Peruvian Republic (1838–1839) Liga Federal (1815–1820)
Supreme Junta (1810–1811)
First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812)
Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814)
Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819)These states are now dissolved into a number of states.
Greater German Reich – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of Austria and Germany, and parts of what is now Belarus, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Slovenia. Empire of Brazil – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of Brazil and Uruguay (who declared their independence in 1825, and was recognized in 1828). Central America – Existed from 1821 to 1841, broke up into Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Republic of China (Mainland Period) – Polity existed to 7 December 1949 and its territory now controlled by the People's Republic of China (Mainland China), Mongolia, portion of the territory claimed by India and Japan, and parts of Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia and Tajikistan. The rump state, still known as the "Republic of China", continues to control Taiwan and Penghu which was acquired from Japan in 1945, as well as Kinmen and Matsu Islands, forming part of the rump Fujian Province. See also the political status of Taiwan and the Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan. Czechoslovakia – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in World War II, but the government was in exile, dissolved in 1992 and broke up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Korea – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and South Korea, and a portion of territory claimed by Japan..svg/1280px-Flag_of_Mali_(1959%E2%80%931961).svg.png){kind=small}
Mali Federation – In 1959 formed by Senegal and French Sudan, both parts of French West Africa, as an independent nation. It collapsed in 1960, and is now Senegal and Mali.
Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves) created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom, once the Portuguese royal family was living in Rio de Janeiro since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when Brazil became independent. Now the countries of Portugal, Brazil, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola, East Timor and Mozambique. Rhodesia – Dissolved in 1979, now the country of Zimbabwe. Serbia and Montenegro – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of Montenegro, Serbia, and the partially recognized Kosovo. Somali Republic – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Somalia and unrecognized Somaliland. Soviet Union – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Baltic countries occupied by USSR until 1991 (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) were not considered by most Western countries de jure part of the USSR. United Arab Republic – A union formed by Egypt and Syria in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other Pan-Arab unity agreements with Iraq and Jordan in the 1950s failed. Yugoslavia – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, and the partially recognized Kosovo.Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the apartheid regime of South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were puppet states and were re-incorporated in 1994.
Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994. Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994. Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994. Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.
Carpatho-Ukraine – declared independence from Czechoslovakia in 1939, but was occupied and annexed by Hungary in one day. Catalan Republic (April 14–17, 1931). Chechnya – Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, however the country was recognized only by the Taliban. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the Second Chechen War..svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_(1861%E2%80%931863).svg.png){kind=small}
Confederate States – Occupied the southeastern United States, stretching from Texas to Virginia. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. Reconstruction ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. South Carolina was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of Kentucky and Missouri declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy, and participated in its military efforts against the U.S. Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, declared independence from Ukraine in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine. Green Ukraine – Declared independence from Far Eastern Republic in 1920, dissolved in 1922. Herzeg-Bosnia – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994. Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
Katanga – Declared its independence of the newly formed Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963.
Red River Rebellion – provisional government in Rupert's Land, led by Louis Riel in (1869–1870). Serbian Krajina – declared independence from Croatia in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
South Kasai – declared independence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961.
Supreme Administration of Northern Region – Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the Provisional Government of the Northern Region. Republika Srpska – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995. Principality of Trinidad – Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil. Western Bosnia – Declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.
Novorossiya – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the Donetsk People's Republic with the Luhansk People's Republic and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended. Donetsk People's Republic – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a republic into the Russian Federation. The incorporation is not recognised. Luhansk People's Republic – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a republic into the Russian Federation. The incorporation is not recognised. Republic of Artsakh – Declared independence from Azerbaijan in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included.
Regency of Carnaro in 1919 and Free State of Fiume 1920–1924, two short-lived states in the port city of Fiume/Rijeka proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and Yugoslavia, and eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to Yugoslavia after World War II and is now in Croatia. Couto Misto – Tiny 10th century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1864–8. Crete – Autonomous under Ottoman suzerainty in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913. East Germany – Annexed by West Germany in 1990 and now part of Germany. England – Merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
Franceville (1889–1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the New Hebrides; now part of Vanuatu.
Hatay – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hawaii_(1896).svg.png){kind=small}
Hawaii – Annexed by the U.S. in the late 19th century. Khanate of Kalat (1638, 1666–1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of Pakistan. Moresnet – 1816–1920, Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium. Natalia Republic – 1839–1843 , Was quickly made into a British colony Newfoundland– 1907–1949, joined Canada as the tenth province
Islands of Refreshment – The islands of Tristan da Cunha were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815. Scotland – Merged with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom. South Vietnam – Occupied by North Vietnam in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976.
Republic of Tatarstan – Existed from 1992 until annexed by Russia in 1994. Transvaal – Now part of South Africa..svg/1280px-Flag_of_Texas_(1839%E2%80%931879).svg.png){kind=small}
Texas – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845. Vermont Republic – Annexed by the US in 1791.