Esta lista de aves de Delaware incluye especies documentadas de manera creíble en el estado estadounidense de Delaware y aceptadas por el Comité de Registros de Aves de Delaware (DBRC). En agosto de 2021 había 427 especies en la lista oficial. [1] De ellos, 100 están clasificados como accidentales y seis fueron introducidos en América del Norte. No se incluye una especie cuyo registro está bajo revisión por el DBRC.
Sólo se enumeran las aves que se han encontrado como individuos silvestres en Delaware; esto incluye especies introducidas que han establecido poblaciones autosostenibles en el medio silvestre. No se incluyen las aves que se cree que se produjeron únicamente como escapes del cautiverio.
Esta lista se presenta en la secuencia taxonómica de la Lista de verificación de aves de América del Norte y Medio , desde la séptima edición hasta el Suplemento 62, publicado por la Sociedad Estadounidense de Ornitología (AOS). [2] Los nombres comunes y científicos también son los de la Check-list , excepto que los nombres comunes de familias son de la taxonomía de Clements porque la lista AOS no los incluye.
Se han utilizado las siguientes etiquetas para anotar algunas especies:
Orden: Anseriformes Familia: Anatidae
La familia Anatidae incluye los patos y la mayoría de las aves acuáticas parecidas a los patos, como los gansos y los cisnes. Estas aves están adaptadas a una existencia acuática con patas palmeadas, picos más o menos aplanados y plumas que son excelentes para eliminar el agua gracias a aceites especiales.
Orden: Galliformes Familia: Odontophoridae
Las codornices del Nuevo Mundo son aves terrestres pequeñas y regordetas, relacionadas lejanamente con las codornices del Viejo Mundo, pero reciben su nombre por su apariencia y hábitos similares.
Orden: Galliformes Familia: Phasianidae
Phasianidae está formado por los faisanes y sus aliados. Se trata de especies terrestres, de tamaño variable pero generalmente regordetas con alas anchas relativamente cortas. Muchas especies son aves de caza o han sido domesticadas como fuente de alimento para los humanos.
Orden: Podicipediformes Familia: Podicipedidae
Los zampullines son aves buceadoras de tamaño pequeño a mediano y grande que se reproducen en agua dulce. Tienen dedos lobulados y son excelentes nadadores y buceadores. Sin embargo, tienen los pies colocados muy atrás del cuerpo, lo que los hace bastante desgarbados en tierra.
Orden: Columbiformes Familia: Columbidae
Las palomas y las palomas son aves de cuerpo robusto con cuello corto y pico corto y delgado con una cera carnosa.
Orden: Cuculiformes Familia: Cuculidae
La familia Cuculidae incluye cucos, correcaminos y anís. Estas aves son de tamaño variable con cuerpos delgados, colas largas y patas fuertes.
Orden: Caprimulgiformes Familia: Caprimulgidae
Los chotacabras son aves nocturnas de tamaño mediano que suelen anidar en el suelo. Tienen alas largas, patas cortas y picos muy cortos. La mayoría tiene pies pequeños, de poca utilidad para caminar, y alas largas y puntiagudas. Su suave plumaje tiene un color críptico que recuerda a la corteza o las hojas.
Orden: Apodiformes Familia: Apodidae
Los vencejos son pequeños pájaros que pasan la mayor parte de su vida volando. Estas aves tienen patas muy cortas y nunca se posan voluntariamente en el suelo, sino que se posan únicamente en superficies verticales. Muchos vencejos tienen alas largas y echadas hacia atrás que se asemejan a una media luna o un bumerán.
Orden: Apodiformes Familia: Trochilidae
Los colibríes son pequeños pájaros capaces de flotar en el aire gracias al rápido batir de sus alas. Son los únicos pájaros que pueden volar hacia atrás.
Orden: Gruiformes Familia: Rallidae
Rallidae es una gran familia de aves de tamaño pequeño a mediano que incluye raíles, polluelas, fochas y gallinules. Los miembros más típicos de la familia ocupan una densa vegetación en ambientes húmedos cerca de lagos, pantanos o ríos. En general son aves tímidas y reservadas, lo que las hace difíciles de observar. La mayoría de las especies tienen patas fuertes y dedos largos que se adaptan bien a superficies blandas e irregulares. Suelen tener alas cortas y redondeadas y son débiles voladores.
Orden: Gruiformes Familia: Gruidae
Las grullas son aves grandes, de patas y cuello largos. A diferencia de las garzas de apariencia similar pero no relacionadas, las grullas vuelan con el cuello extendido, no hacia atrás. La mayoría tiene exhibiciones de cortejo o "bailes" elaborados y ruidosos.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae es una familia de grandes aves zancudas que incluye las avocetas y las zancudas. Las avocetas tienen patas largas y picos largos y curvados hacia arriba. Los zancos tienen patas extremadamente largas y picos largos, delgados y rectos.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Haematopodidae
Los ostreros son pájaros grandes, evidentes y ruidosos, parecidos a los chorlitos, con picos fuertes que utilizan para aplastar o abrir moluscos.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Charadriidae
La familia Charadriidae incluye los chorlitos, los chorlitos y las avefrías. Son aves de tamaño pequeño a mediano con cuerpos compactos, cuellos cortos y gruesos y alas largas, generalmente puntiagudas. Se encuentran en campo abierto en todo el mundo, principalmente en hábitats cercanos al agua.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae es una familia grande y diversa de aves playeras de tamaño pequeño a mediano, que incluye playeros, zarapitos, agujas divinas, patas, chismosos, becadas, agachadizas, zahoríes y falaropos. La mayoría de las especies comen pequeños invertebrados extraídos del barro o del suelo. Las diferentes longitudes de patas y picos permiten que múltiples especies se alimenten en el mismo hábitat, particularmente en la costa, sin competencia directa por el alimento.
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
Skuas and jaegers are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins in their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits. However they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, deliberately coming ashore only to nest.
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body.
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.
Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorants are medium to large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium-sized to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.
Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers, but unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, some New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they find carcasses.
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
Pandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey. Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak, strong legs, strong talons, and keen eyesight.
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warbler,s apart from their heavier bills.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
The Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae
This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.