stringtranslate.com

Intentos de revocar las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2020

Después de que el demócrata Joe Biden ganara las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2020 , [6] el candidato republicano y entonces presidente en ejercicio Donald Trump realizó un esfuerzo sin precedentes [7] [8] para revocar las elecciones, [a] con el apoyo de su campaña , representantes, aliados políticos y muchos de sus partidarios. Estos esfuerzos culminaron en el ataque al Capitolio del 6 de enero por parte de partidarios de Trump en un intento de autogolpe de estado . [20] Trump y sus aliados utilizaron la técnica de propaganda de la " gran mentira " para promover afirmaciones falsas y teorías conspirativas que afirmaban que las elecciones fueron robadas por medio de máquinas de votación manipuladas , fraude electoral y una conspiración internacional. [b] Trump presionó a los líderes del Departamento de Justicia para que desafiaran los resultados y declararan públicamente que las elecciones fueron corruptas. [30] [31] [32] Sin embargo, el fiscal general , el director de Inteligencia Nacional y el director de la Agencia de Seguridad Cibernética y de Infraestructura  , así como algunos miembros del personal de la campaña de Trump, desestimaron estas afirmaciones. Los jueces estatales y federales, los funcionarios electorales y los gobernadores estatales también determinaron que las afirmaciones eran infundadas. [33] [34] [35] [36] Los leales a Trump, incluido el jefe de gabinete Mark Meadows , el abogado personal Rudy Giuliani y varios legisladores republicanos, intentaron mantener a Trump en el poder. A nivel estatal, apuntaron a las legislaturas con la intención de cambiar los resultados o retrasar la certificación del voto electoral en el Capitolio. [37] A nivel nacional, promovieron la idea de que el vicepresidente Mike Pence podría negarse a certificar los resultados el 6 de enero de 2021. Cientos de republicanos electos, incluidos miembros del Congreso y gobernadores, se negaron a reconocer la victoria de Biden, [38] aunque un número creciente la reconoció con el tiempo. [39] [40] [41] El equipo legal de Trump intentó presentar un caso ante la Corte Suprema , pero ninguna de las 63 demandas que presentaron tuvo éxito. [42] [43] [44] [45] Depositaron sus esperanzas en Texas v. Pennsylvania , pero el 11 de diciembre de 2020, la Corte Suprema se negó a escuchar el caso. [46]Después, Trump consideró formas de permanecer en el poder, incluida la intervención militar, la confiscación de máquinas de votación y otra apelación ante la Corte Suprema. [47] [48] [49]

En junio de 2022, el Comité Selecto de la Cámara de Representantes sobre el Ataque del 6 de enero dijo que tenía pruebas suficientes para recomendar que el Departamento de Justicia acusara a Trump, [50] y el 19 de diciembre, el comité hizo formalmente la remisión penal al Departamento de Justicia. [51] El 1 de agosto de 2023, Trump fue acusado por un gran jurado de DC por conspiración para defraudar a los Estados Unidos , obstrucción de un procedimiento oficial , conspiración para obstruir un procedimiento oficial y conspiración contra los derechos ; [52] se declaró inocente de todos los cargos. [53] El 14 de agosto, Trump y 18 coacusados ​​fueron acusados ​​​​en el condado de Fulton, Georgia, por sus esfuerzos para anular los resultados de las elecciones en ese estado. [54] [55] Diez líderes de los grupos de extrema derecha Proud Boys y Oath Keepers han sido condenados por conspiración sediciosa por su papel en el ataque al Capitolio. [56]

Trump sigue insistiendo en que las elecciones fueron robadas, [57] diciéndole a un grupo de historiadores a mediados de 2021 que las elecciones fueron "amañadas y perdidas", [58] afirmando en 2022 que debería ser declarado presidente o se celebrarían nuevas elecciones "inmediatamente". [59] Incluso en 2022, los partidarios de Trump continuaron con sus intentos de revocar las elecciones, presionando para que se aprobaran resoluciones de la legislatura estatal y se presentaran nuevas demandas, lo que generó inquietud entre los expertos legales de que se está socavando la confianza pública en la democracia para sentar las bases para impugnar infundadamente futuras elecciones. [60]

Fondo

Las acusaciones de fraude electoral de Trump en 2012

Después de las elecciones presidenciales de 2012 , en las que el presidente en ejercicio Barack Obama ganó la reelección contra Mitt Romney , Donald Trump tuiteó que "el colegio electoral es un desastre para una democracia", que la elección fue una " farsa total " y que Estados Unidos "no era una democracia". [61]

Incertidumbre sobre la aceptación de Trump de una derrota electoral en 2016

Trump en un mitin de campaña el 20 de octubre de 2016, declarando que "aceptaré totalmente los resultados de esta gran e histórica elección presidencial, si gano".

Trump sugirió repetidamente que las elecciones están "amañadas" en su contra, y en el debate final puso en duda si aceptaría los resultados de las elecciones en caso de perder, diciendo "Los mantendré en suspenso". [62] Su comentario desencadenó un alboroto mediático y político, en el que se le acusó de "amenazar con derribar un pilar fundamental de la democracia estadounidense" y "plantear la posibilidad de que millones de sus partidarios no acepten los resultados el  8 de noviembre si pierde". [63] Rick Hasen de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de California en Irvine , un experto en derecho electoral, describió los comentarios de Trump como "atroces y sin precedentes" y temió que pudiera haber "violencia en las calles por parte de sus partidarios si Trump pierde". [64] Al día siguiente, Trump dijo: "Por supuesto, aceptaría un resultado electoral claro, pero también me reservaría mi derecho a impugnar o presentar un recurso legal en caso de un resultado cuestionable". También afirmó que aceptaría "totalmente" los resultados de las elecciones "si gano". [65]

La incertidumbre sobre la aceptación de Trump de una derrota electoral en 2020

Durante la campaña de 2020, Trump indicó en publicaciones de Twitter , entrevistas y discursos que podría negarse a reconocer el resultado de las elecciones si fuera derrotado; Trump sugirió falsamente que las elecciones estarían amañadas en su contra. [66] [67] [68] En julio de 2020, Trump se negó a declarar si aceptaría los resultados y le dijo al presentador de Fox News Chris Wallace que "tengo que verlo. No, no voy a decir simplemente que sí. No voy a decir que no". [69] [70] [71] Trump también propuso retrasar las elecciones presidenciales debido al COVID-19 , hasta que los estadounidenses pudieran votar "de manera adecuada, segura y protegida". [72] [c]

Trump afirmó repetidamente que "la única forma" de perder sería si las elecciones estaban "amañadas" y se negó repetidamente a comprometerse con una transición pacífica del poder después de las elecciones. [73] [74] Trump también criticó la votación por correo durante toda la campaña, afirmando falsamente que la práctica contenía altas tasas de fraude. [75] [76] [77] En un momento, Trump dijo: "Veremos qué pasa... Deshazte de las papeletas y tendrás una muy pacífica - no habrá una transferencia, francamente. Habrá una continuación". [78] Las declaraciones de Trump han sido descritas como una amenaza "para trastocar el orden constitucional". [79] En septiembre de 2020, el director del Buró Federal de Investigaciones (FBI) , Christopher A. Wray , designado por Trump, testificó bajo juramento que el FBI "no ha visto, históricamente, ningún tipo de esfuerzo coordinado de fraude electoral a nivel nacional en una elección importante, ya sea por correo o de otra manera". [80]

Varios republicanos del Congreso insistieron en que estaban comprometidos con una transición de poder ordenada y pacífica, pero se negaron a criticar a Trump por sus comentarios. [81] El 24 de septiembre, el Senado aprobó por unanimidad una resolución que afirmaba el compromiso del Senado con una transferencia pacífica del poder; [82] sin embargo, el 8 de octubre el senador republicano Mike Lee tuiteó "No somos una democracia" y "La democracia no es el objetivo; la libertad, la paz y la prosperidad [sic] lo son. Queremos que la condición humana florezca. La democracia de rango puede frustrarlo". [83] Trump también declaró que esperaba que la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos decidiera la elección y que quería una mayoría conservadora en caso de una disputa electoral, reiterando su compromiso de instalar rápidamente un noveno juez luego de la muerte de Ruth Bader Ginsburg . [84]

Rechazo a aceptar la derrota electoral de 2020

Donald Trump se niega a aceptar la derrota electoral de 2020

Antes de que se declaren los resultados

El verificador de hechos de CNN, Daniel Dale, informó que hasta el 9 de junio de 2021, Trump había emitido 132 declaraciones escritas desde que dejó el cargo, de las cuales "un tercio incluía mentiras sobre las elecciones", más que sobre cualquier otro tema. [85]
Para sembrar dudas sobre las elecciones, Trump intensificó el uso de declaraciones de "elecciones amañadas" e "interferencia electoral" antes de las elecciones de 2024, en comparación con las dos elecciones anteriores, declaraciones descritas como parte de una estrategia retórica del tipo "si sale cara, gano; si sale cruz, hiciste trampa". [86]

A las 2 am del miércoles 4 de noviembre de 2020, cuando los resultados de las elecciones aún no estaban claros, Trump celebró una conferencia de prensa en la Casa Blanca en la que afirmó: "Esto es un fraude al público estadounidense. Es una vergüenza para nuestro país. Nos estábamos preparando para ganar estas elecciones. Francamente, ganamos estas elecciones". [87] La ​​declaración fue condenada como falsa casi de inmediato. También se describió que la declaración se había estado preparando durante meses. [88] [89] A las 9 am del jueves 5 de noviembre de 2020, Trump tuiteó "¡PAREN EL RECUENTO!" [90] Sin embargo, en ese momento Biden ya lideraba en suficientes estados como para que detener el recuento hubiera resultado en una victoria de Biden. [90] [91] Después de que todas las principales organizaciones de noticias declararan a Biden presidente electo el 7 de noviembre, [92] Trump se negó a aceptar su derrota, declarando que "esta elección está lejos de terminar" y alegando fraude electoral sin proporcionar pruebas. [93] En privado, según informó Maggie Haberman , le dijo a un asistente: "No me voy a ir", y le dijo a otro asistente: "Nunca nos iremos. ¿Cómo puedes irte cuando ganaste una elección?". [94]

Después de los resultados declarados

En los meses transcurridos entre las elecciones y el día de la toma de posesión (20 de enero), Trump realizó múltiples esfuerzos para revocar los resultados. Presentó numerosas demandas, instó a las autoridades locales y estatales a revocar los resultados en su jurisdicción, presionó al Departamento de Justicia para que verificara las denuncias infundadas de fraude electoral y trabajó con aliados en el Congreso para lograr que los resultados fueran revocados en el Congreso el 6 de enero. [95]

Indicó que continuaría con los desafíos legales en estados clave, [93] pero todos los desafíos fueron desestimados por los tribunales. [96] [97] [98] Su equipo legal, dirigido por Rudy Giuliani , hizo numerosas afirmaciones falsas y sin fundamento que giraban en torno a una conspiración comunista internacional, máquinas de votación manipuladas y fraude en los lugares de votación para afirmar que las elecciones habían sido robadas a Trump. [24] [27] [28] [d] Trump impidió que los funcionarios del gobierno cooperaran en la transición presidencial a Joe Biden . [100] El fiscal general William Barr autorizó al Departamento de Justicia a iniciar investigaciones "si hay acusaciones claras y aparentemente creíbles de irregularidades que, de ser ciertas, podrían afectar potencialmente el resultado de una elección federal en un estado individual". [101]

Trump y sus aliados alentaron a los funcionarios estatales a desechar las papeletas que creían que no se habían emitido legalmente, a impugnar los procesos de certificación de votos y a anular los resultados electorales certificados. [102] [103] [104] En una llamada telefónica a principios de enero de 2021, presionó al secretario de estado de Georgia para que "encontrara" los 11.780 votos necesarios para asegurar su victoria en el estado. [105] Instó repetidamente al gobernador de Georgia, Brian Kemp, a convocar una sesión especial de la legislatura para anular la victoria certificada de Biden en el estado, e hizo una petición similar al presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de Pensilvania . [19] [106] [107] [108] En una conferencia telefónica, pidió a 300 legisladores estatales republicanos que buscaran formas de revertir los resultados electorales certificados en sus estados. [109] Los funcionarios republicanos de siete estados, dirigidos por el abogado personal de Trump, crearon certificados electorales fraudulentos de verificación para afirmar falsamente que Trump había sido reelegido. [110] [111] [112]

Para el 30 de diciembre de 2020, varios miembros republicanos de la Cámara de Representantes y el Senado indicaron que intentarían obligar a ambas cámaras a debatir si certificar los resultados del Colegio Electoral . [113] [114] [115] Mike Pence , quien como vicepresidente presidiría los procedimientos, señaló su respaldo al esfuerzo, declarando el 4 de enero: "Les prometo que, este miércoles, tendremos nuestro día en el Congreso". Además, Trump y algunos partidarios promovieron una falsa teoría de la "tarjeta Pence" de que, incluso si el Congreso certificara los resultados, el vicepresidente tenía la autoridad para rechazarlos. [116] [117] [118]

Después de dejar el cargo

Desde que dejó el cargo, Trump ha seguido insistiendo en que ganó las elecciones de 2020. Según se informa, no le gusta el término "expresidente", y sus declaraciones oficiales se refieren a él como "el 45.º presidente" o simplemente como "45", como en su nuevo sitio web, www.45office.com. [119] Durante sus discursos públicos, insiste en que un fraude electoral masivo causó su derrota, diciendo: "Esta fue la estafa del siglo y este fue el crimen del siglo" [120] y "Ganamos las elecciones dos veces [2016 y 2020] y es posible que tengamos que ganarlas una tercera vez [2024]". [121]

En una entrevista de septiembre de 2023 con Kristen Welker para Meet the Press de la NBC , Trump dijo, en relación con los abogados que le dijeron que había perdido las elecciones, que “no los respetaba como abogados”, pero “sí respetaba a otros” que le dijeron que había ganado. Dijo que, en última instancia, su esfuerzo por anular los resultados de las elecciones “fue mi decisión”. Sostuvo: “Yo digo que gané las elecciones”. [122]

La negativa de los aliados y partidarios de Trump a aceptar la derrota electoral de 2020

Detener el robo

Un manifestante sostiene un cartel que dice "Detengan el robo" en St. Paul, Minnesota , el 14 de noviembre de 2020

Stop the Steal es una campaña y movimiento de protesta de extrema derecha y conservador en los Estados Unidos que promueve la teoría de la conspiración [123] que postula falsamente [124] que se produjo un fraude electoral generalizado durante las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 para negar la victoria del presidente en ejercicio Donald Trump sobre el ex vicepresidente Joe Biden. Trump y sus partidarios han afirmado, sin pruebas, [125] [126] que él es el ganador de las elecciones y que se produjo un fraude electoral y de recuento de votos a gran escala en varios estados clave . [126] Associated Press , ABC News , CBS News , CNN , Decision Desk HQ , NBC News , The New York Times y Fox News proyectaron a Biden como presidente electo , habiendo superado los 270 votos del Colegio Electoral necesarios para reclamar la victoria. [6] [127] Una encuesta del New York Times a funcionarios electorales estatales no encontró evidencia de fraude electoral significativo, ni tampoco lo hizo el Departamento de Justicia , y decenas de demandas presentadas por Trump y sus representantes para impugnar los resultados de la votación en varios estados fracasaron. [34] [128] [129] [130]

"Stop the Steal" fue creado por el operador político republicano Roger Stone en 2016, [131] en previsión de posibles futuras derrotas electorales que podrían ser retratadas como robadas por presunto fraude. Un grupo de Facebook con ese nombre fue creado durante el recuento de votos de 2020 por la cofundadora del grupo pro-Trump "Women for America First" y activista del movimiento Tea Party , Amy Kremer . [132] Facebook eliminó el grupo el 5 de noviembre, describiéndolo como "organizado en torno a la deslegitimación del proceso electoral". [132] [133] Se informó que había estado agregando 1.000 nuevos miembros cada 10 segundos [134] con 360.000 seguidores antes de que Facebook lo cerrara. [135] [136] Algunos grupos de Facebook "Stop the Steal" habían discutido la violencia extrema, la incitación a la violencia y otras amenazas. [137] [138] CounterAction, una empresa de análisis de redes sociales , proporcionó a ProPublica y al Washington Post una auditoría de los grupos y publicaciones de Facebook que identificó 650.000 publicaciones de deslegitimación electoral hasta el 6 de enero. [139] [140] El 11 de enero de 2021, Facebook anunció que eliminaría el contenido que contuviera la frase "detengan el robo" de Facebook e Instagram. [141] El 12 de enero, Twitter anunció que había suspendido 70.000 cuentas que, según dijo, "comparten contenido dañino asociado a QAnon a gran escala". [142] [ ¿ relevante?discutir ]

Los manifestantes de Stop the Steal se reunieron frente al Capitolio del estado de Minnesota el 12 de diciembre de 2020. Un miembro del movimiento Boogaloo fue acusado en relación con el evento.

Varios grupos de derecha fundaron "Stop the Steal" [126] después de que Trump publicara tuits en Twitter alentando a sus partidarios a "Detener el conteo". [143] Muchos grupos no organizados de "Stop the Steal" protestaron en varias ciudades de EE. UU., incluidas Washington, DC; [144] Detroit, Michigan; [145] Lansing, Michigan; [146] Las Vegas, Nevada; [147] [148] Madison, Wisconsin; [149] Atlanta, Georgia; [150] y Columbus, Ohio. [151] Varias de estas protestas incluyeron a miembros de grupos extremistas como Three Percenters , Proud Boys y Oath Keepers , que según informó CNN fue una ilustración de "la dilución de la línea entre la derecha dominante y los extremistas de extrema derecha". [152]

El 7 de diciembre de 2020, en Michigan , los manifestantes de "Stop the Steal" se reunieron frente a la casa particular de la secretaria de Estado de Michigan, Jocelyn Benson, para gritar obscenidades y corear amenazas a través de megáfonos. La victoria de Biden en Michigan por 154.000 votos había sido certificada oficialmente por la Junta de Escrutinios del Estado de Michigan en noviembre. [153]

El 12 de diciembre de 2020, se llevaron a cabo protestas posteriores a las elecciones en Washington, DC, en las que al menos nueve personas fueron trasladadas desde la protesta por los bomberos y los trabajadores del servicio médico de emergencia de DC para recibir tratamiento hospitalario. Entre los heridos había cuatro personas que sufrieron heridas de arma blanca y se dijo que estaban en estado crítico. Dos agentes de policía sufrieron heridas que no pusieron en peligro su vida y otros dos sufrieron heridas leves. Otras 33 personas fueron detenidas, incluida una por agresión con un arma peligrosa. Más temprano ese mismo día, grandes grupos de manifestantes y contramanifestantes se reunieron frente a la Corte Suprema y Freedom Plaza . [154]

En marzo de 2021, las organizaciones vinculadas al movimiento Stop the Steal, incluidos los Proud Boys y el movimiento Boogaloo , habían orientado en gran medida sus esfuerzos hacia la difusión de información errónea sobre las vacunas contra la COVID-19 como una forma de socavar la credibilidad del gobierno. [155] [156]

El 7 de abril de 2021, el Tribunal de Distrito de los Estados Unidos de Minnesota acusó al autoproclamado miembro de Boogaloo Bois, Michael Paul Dahlager, de posesión ilegal de una ametralladora . Dahlager había viajado al Capitolio del Estado de Minnesota en Saint Paul para una manifestación del 12 de diciembre de 2020, "Stop the Steal", donde exploró las posiciones y los números de las fuerzas del orden. Dahlager había discutido con informantes confidenciales su disposición a matar a miembros de las fuerzas del orden e incitar levantamientos violentos contra el gobierno. [157] [158] Dahlager supuestamente había planeado llevar a cabo un ataque a principios de 2021 en el edificio del capitolio del estado, pero lo abandonó después de creer que los informantes estaban entre su círculo íntimo. Dahlager se declaró culpable de los cargos federales de armas en julio de 2021. [159]

En los días posteriores a las elecciones, Ginni Thomas , esposa del juez de la Corte Suprema Clarence Thomas , intercambió 29 mensajes de texto con el jefe de gabinete de Trump, Mark Meadows, instándolo a continuar con los esfuerzos para revocar las elecciones. Thomas afirmó que "la mayoría sabe que Biden y la izquierda están intentando el mayor atraco de nuestra historia" y recitó un mensaje que circulaba en los medios de comunicación de derecha de que la "familia criminal Biden y los co-conspiradores del fraude electoral" estaban siendo arrestados "para enfrentar tribunales militares por sedición" en el campo de detención de la bahía de Guantánamo . Thomas escribió: "No cedan. El ejército que se está reuniendo para respaldarlo necesita tiempo". En marzo de 2022, Thomas reconoció que había asistido a la manifestación Stop the Steal del 6 de enero, pero no había evidencia de que hubiera estado involucrada en su organización. [160] [161] [162]

Teorías de conspiración

Se promovieron múltiples teorías conspirativas , como la afirmación de que el multimillonario donante de extrema izquierda George Soros "robó las elecciones". [163] Otra es Italygate , una teoría adyacente a QAnon [164] [165] que se originó en un sitio web de noticias falsas , que afirmaba que la elección fue manipulada a favor de Biden por la Embajada de Estados Unidos en Roma , utilizando satélites y tecnología militar para cambiar remotamente los votos de Trump a Biden. No hay evidencia que respalde esto. [164] [166] El congresista republicano Scott Perry le envió un mensaje de texto al jefe de gabinete de la Casa Blanca, Mark Meadows, un enlace a un video de YouTube que hacía la acusación. [164] [167] El New York Times informó más tarde que, durante las últimas semanas de Trump en el cargo, Meadows envió el video por correo electrónico al Departamento de Justicia , solicitando una investigación. [168]

Estas teorías conspirativas tuvieron múltiples orígenes. Fueron promovidas por Trump y otras personas, y fueron fuertemente impulsadas y expandidas por organizaciones de noticias de extrema derecha como One America News Network (OANN), Newsmax y The Gateway Pundit , así como por Sean Hannity y algunos otros comentaristas de Fox News. [169] [170] RT , un medio de comunicación estatal ruso , también promovió las falsas afirmaciones de fraude electoral de la campaña de Trump. [171] Los intentos de Facebook y otras redes sociales convencionales de restringir a los grupos que difunden afirmaciones electorales falsas llevaron a un aumento en la popularidad de Parler , un sitio de redes sociales alternativo de tendencia derechista que ha atraído a partidarios de Stop the Steal. [172] [173] Parler posteriormente se desconectó después de que Amazon Web Services retirara el soporte para la aplicación el 9 de enero. [174]

En junio de 2021, Trump siguió haciéndose eco de la teoría de la conspiración de que las elecciones fueron "robadas"; centrándose particularmente en los esfuerzos de los republicanos del Senado de Arizona para auditar los resultados de las elecciones en el condado de Maricopa y en una demanda que impugna los resultados de las elecciones en Georgia. Los esfuerzos de los republicanos de Arizona para auditar los resultados han llamado la atención y el apoyo de algunos políticos republicanos, incluidos Marjorie Taylor Greene , Matt Gaetz y el expresidente. Según se informa, Trump había dicho a sus asociados que podría ser "reinstalado" como presidente en agosto de 2021; sin embargo, no existe un mecanismo constitucional para reinstalar a un presidente después de que el Congreso haya certificado los resultados de una elección. [175] [176] Sin embargo, varios aliados de Trump negaron los informes de que Trump sería reinstalado como presidente en agosto, incluidos Lara Trump , Jenna Ellis , Jason Miller , Corey Lewandowski y Marjorie Taylor Greene. [177]

En agosto de 2021, The Gateway Pundit publicó un artículo en el que se informaba de un análisis realizado por Seth Keshel, un ex oficial de inteligencia del ejército, que pretendía demostrar que hubo fraude electoral y que Trump, en realidad, había ganado siete estados con Biden. El análisis era falso. Keshel formaba parte de un grupo de veteranos de la inteligencia militar, entre ellos el ex asesor de seguridad nacional de Trump, Michael Flynn, que desempeñó un papel central en la difusión de información falsa sobre las elecciones. [178] [179] [180]

Noviembre 2020

En al menos una ocasión en noviembre de 2020, Trump reconoció en privado que había perdido las elecciones. Alyssa Farah Griffin , una asistente de Trump en la Casa Blanca, recuerda que él exclamó: "¿Puedes creer que perdí contra este tipo?" mientras veía a Biden en la televisión. [181] Sin embargo, esa no fue la postura pública de Trump.

El 12 de noviembre, el director de la Agencia de Seguridad Cibernética y de Infraestructura, Chris Krebs, calificó las elecciones como "las más seguras en la historia de Estados Unidos", lo que llevó a Trump a despedirlo [182] y al abogado de Trump, Joseph diGenova, a pedir su ejecución . [183] ​​[184] [185]

Emily Murphy , administradora de la Administración de Servicios Generales , retrasó el inicio de la transición presidencial hasta dieciséis días después de que la mayoría de los medios de comunicación habían proyectado que Biden sería el ganador. [186] [187]

Electores "falsos"

El 3 de noviembre, Gregory Jacob le escribió a Marc Short que no sería deseable que el público percibiera al vicepresidente Pence como si hubiera prejuzgado "cuestiones relativas a votos electorales disputados". [188]

El 4 de noviembre, el jefe de gabinete de la Casa Blanca, Mark Meadows, recibió un mensaje de texto en el que se pedía una "estrategia agresiva" para que las legislaturas lideradas por los republicanos de tres estados no convocados "simplemente envíen a sus propios electores a votar y que la votación llegue a la [Corte Suprema]". Según se informa, el mensaje fue enviado por el secretario de energía de Trump, Rick Perry . [189]

El 5 de noviembre, Donald Trump Jr. envió un mensaje de texto a Meadows en el que describía las formas de subvertir el proceso del Colegio Electoral y garantizarle a su padre un segundo mandato. A continuación, algunos extractos del mensaje:

Es muy simple. Tenemos múltiples caminos. Los controlamos todos. Tenemos control operativo. Influencia total. Posición moral superior. El presidente debe comenzar su segundo mandato ahora. Los republicanos controlan 28 estados y los demócratas 22. Una vez más, Trump gana. O tenemos un voto que NOSOTROS controlamos y NOSOTROS ganamos o se lo pasamos al Congreso el 6 de enero de 2021.

Biden aún no había sido declarado ganador en el momento del texto. [190] Trump Jr. testificó ante el comité selecto de la Cámara el 3 de mayo de 2022 que no había escrito el mensaje y que no recordaba quién lo había hecho, pero que la idea había "sonado plausible" y era el plan "más sofisticado" que había escuchado, aunque se refería a "cosas sobre las que no necesariamente sé demasiado". [191]

El 9 de noviembre, Ginni Thomas, esposa del juez de la Corte Suprema Clarence Thomas, envió un correo electrónico a 29 legisladores de Arizona, incluidos Russell Bowers y Shawnna Bolick , alentándolos a elegir "una lista limpia de electores" y diciéndoles que la responsabilidad era "suya y solo suya". [192]

El 18 de noviembre, James R. Troupis , un abogado de la campaña de Trump en Wisconsin, recibió un memorando del abogado de Boston Kenneth Chesebro que describía un plan para crear y presentar listas alternativas de electores en los estados en disputa. [193] [194]

Tres semanas después, Wisconsin y otros estados en disputa recibieron otro memorando. Los memorandos son una prueba de que, a pocas semanas de las elecciones, la campaña de Trump se centraba en el 6 de enero de 2021 como la "fecha límite estricta" para determinar el resultado de las elecciones. [195]

Según se informa, la Oficina del Asesor Jurídico de la Casa Blanca revisó los planes de utilizar electores alternativos y consideró que no eran legalmente sólidos. [196]

Despidos y contrataciones de patos cojos

Después de que los recuentos de votos mostraron una victoria de Biden, Trump se involucró en lo que se ha llamado una "purga postelectoral", despidiendo o forzando a salir al menos a una docena de funcionarios y reemplazándolos por leales. [197] El secretario de Defensa Mark Esper fue despedido por tuit el 9 de noviembre. [198] [199] El subsecretario de Defensa Joseph D. Kernan y el subsecretario interino de Política James H. Anderson renunciaron en protesta o fueron obligados a dimitir. [197] La ​​Casa Blanca trató de conocer los nombres de los designados políticos que habían aplaudido a Anderson tras su partida, para poder despedirlos. [200] La jefa de gabinete del Departamento de Defensa, Jen Stewart, fue reemplazada por un ex miembro del personal del representante Devin Nunes . [197] El 30 de noviembre, Christopher P. Maier, el jefe del Grupo de Trabajo para Derrotar a ISIS del Pentágono, fue expulsado y el grupo de trabajo se disolvió; un funcionario de la Casa Blanca le dijo que Estados Unidos había ganado la guerra contra el Estado Islámico, por lo que el grupo de trabajo ya no era necesario. [201]

Las acusaciones de Trump sobre fraude electoral en estados en disputa fueron refutadas por jueces, funcionarios electorales estatales y la Agencia de Seguridad de Infraestructura y Ciberseguridad (CISA) de su propia administración. [96] Después de que el director de CISA, Chris Krebs, contradijera las acusaciones de fraude electoral de Trump, Trump lo despidió el 17 de noviembre. [202] [203] Otros tres funcionarios del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional - Matthew Travis , subdirector de CISA, Bryan Ware, subdirector de CISA para ciberseguridad, y Valerie Boyd, subsecretaria de asuntos internacionales del DHS - también fueron obligados a renunciar. [197]

Bonnie Glick , administradora adjunta de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional , fue despedida abruptamente el 6 de noviembre; había preparado un manual de transición para la próxima administración. Iba a convertirse en administradora interina del departamento el 7 de noviembre. Su despido dejó vacante el puesto de administradora interina, de modo que el leal a Trump, John Barsa, pudiera convertirse en administrador adjunto interino. [204] [205]

El climatólogo de carrera Michael Kuperberg, que durante los últimos cinco años ha elaborado la Evaluación Nacional del Clima anual emitida por la Administración Nacional Oceánica y Atmosférica (NOAA), fue degradado el 9 de noviembre y regresó a su puesto anterior en el Departamento de Energía. Varios medios de comunicación informaron de que David Legates, un subsecretario adjunto de la NOAA que afirma que el calentamiento global es inofensivo, sería designado para supervisar el informe ordenado por el Congreso en lugar de Kuperberg, basándose en la información obtenida de "personas cercanas a la Administración", incluido Myron Ebell , jefe del equipo de transición de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental del presidente Trump y director del Centro de Energía y Medio Ambiente del Competitive Enterprise Institute . [206] A partir del 18 de mayo de 2021, la administración Biden volvió a nombrar a Kuperberg como director ejecutivo del Programa de Investigación del Cambio Global de EE. UU. [207]

El 5 de noviembre, Neil Chatterjee fue destituido de su cargo como presidente de la Comisión Federal Reguladora de Energía . [197]

El 11 de noviembre, Lisa Gordon-Hagerty renunció a su cargo de Subsecretaria de Energía para la Seguridad Nuclear y administradora de la cuasi-independiente Administración Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear , al parecer debido a tensiones y desacuerdos de larga data con el Secretario de Energía Dan Brouillette . [208]

En octubre de 2020, Trump firmó una orden ejecutiva que creó una nueva categoría de empleado federal, Schedule F , que incluía a todos los funcionarios públicos de carrera cuyo trabajo incluye "formular políticas". Dichos empleados ya no estarían cubiertos por las protecciones del servicio civil contra el despido arbitrario, pero estarían sujetos a las mismas reglas que los designados políticos. La nueva descripción podría aplicarse a miles de expertos no partidistas, como los científicos que asesoran a los designados políticos que dirigen sus departamentos. [209] Se ordenó a los jefes de todas las agencias federales que informaran antes del 19 de enero de 2021 una lista de puestos que podrían reclasificarse como Schedule F. La Oficina de Administración y Presupuesto presentó una lista en noviembre que incluía al 88 por ciento de la fuerza laboral de la oficina. [210] Las organizaciones de empleados federales y los demócratas del Congreso intentaron revocar la orden mediante demandas o proyectos de ley. Los demócratas de la Cámara de Representantes advirtieron en una carta que "la orden ejecutiva podría precipitar un éxodo masivo del gobierno federal al final de cada administración presidencial, dejando a las agencias federales sin un profundo conocimiento institucional, experiencia y capacidad para desarrollar e implementar estrategias políticas a largo plazo". [211] Los observadores predijeron que Trump podría usar la nueva regla para implementar una "purga masiva del gobierno al salir por la puerta". [212]

Mientras tanto, los funcionarios de la administración habían ordenado a la Oficina de Presupuesto que comenzara a trabajar en una propuesta de presupuesto para 2022 que presentarían al Congreso en febrero, ignorando el hecho de que Biden ya habría asumido el cargo en ese momento. [213]

Demandas judiciales

Rudy Giuliani , jefe de los fallidos esfuerzos legales de Trump, afirmó falsamente que las elecciones habían sido objeto de un fraude masivo.

Después de las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2020, la campaña del presidente en ejercicio Donald Trump presentó una serie de demandas impugnando los procesos electorales, el recuento de votos y el proceso de certificación de votos en varios estados, incluidos Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pensilvania, Texas y Wisconsin. [214] Muchos de esos casos fueron desestimados rápidamente, [98] y los abogados y otros observadores señalaron que era poco probable que las demandas tuvieran un efecto en el resultado de las elecciones. [215] [216] [217] Para el 19 de noviembre, más de dos docenas de los recursos legales presentados desde el día de las elecciones habían fracasado. [103]

El 21 de noviembre, el juez republicano Matthew Brann , del Tribunal de Distrito de Estados Unidos en Pensilvania , desestimó el caso que tenía ante sí con perjuicio , dictaminando:

En esta acción, la Campaña de Trump y los demandantes individuales... buscan descartar millones de votos emitidos legalmente por ciudadanos de Pensilvania de todos los rincones, desde el condado de Greene hasta el condado de Pike, y todos los lugares intermedios. En otras palabras, los demandantes piden a este Tribunal que prive del derecho al voto a casi siete millones de votantes. Este Tribunal no ha podido encontrar ningún caso en el que un demandante haya buscado un remedio tan drástico en el marco de una elección, en términos del gran volumen de votos que se solicita que se invaliden. Uno podría esperar que al buscar un resultado tan sorprendente, un demandante llegara formidablemente armado con argumentos legales convincentes y pruebas fácticas de corrupción desenfrenada, de modo que este Tribunal no tendría otra opción que conceder lamentablemente la medida cautelar propuesta a pesar del impacto que tendría en un grupo tan grande de ciudadanos.

Eso no ha sucedido. En cambio, este Tribunal ha recibido argumentos legales forzados sin mérito y acusaciones especulativas, no presentadas en la demanda operativa y sin respaldo de pruebas. En los Estados Unidos de América, esto no puede justificar la privación del derecho al voto de un solo votante, y mucho menos de todos los votantes de su sexto estado más poblado. Nuestro pueblo, nuestras leyes y nuestras instituciones exigen más. [218] [219]

Funcionarios de Michigan presionados para no certificar

Antes del 17 de noviembre, la junta de cuatro miembros de escrutinio del condado de Wayne, Michigan , estaba estancada en la certificación de los resultados de las elecciones según las líneas partidistas, ya que los dos miembros republicanos se negaron a certificar, pero el 17 de noviembre la junta votó por unanimidad para certificar sus resultados. [220] Trump y la presidenta del Comité Nacional Republicano, Ronna McDaniel, llamaron a los dos miembros republicanos de la junta ese día para presionarlos para que no firmaran la declaración oficial de votos; al día siguiente, los dos republicanos intentaron, pero no lograron, rescindir sus votos para la certificación, firmando declaraciones juradas que indicaban que habían votado a favor de la certificación solo porque los dos miembros demócratas habían prometido una auditoría completa de los votos del condado. [221] [222] Los dos negaron que la llamada de Trump hubiera influido en su revocación. [223] Una grabación de la llamada telefónica surgió en diciembre de 2023, en la que se puede escuchar a McDaniel decirles a los dos republicanos: "Les conseguiremos abogados", a lo que Trump agregó: "Nos encargaremos de eso". También se puede escuchar a Trump decir: “Tenemos que luchar por nuestro país. No podemos permitir que esta gente nos lo quite”. [224]

Trump emitió una invitación a los legisladores de Michigan para viajar a Washington. [225] El presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de Michigan , Lee Chatfield , el líder de la mayoría del Senado estatal, Mike Shirkey, y el representante estatal Jim Lilly fueron fotografiados en el vestíbulo de la Torre Trump de DC, donde estaban bebiendo champán de 500 dólares la botella y no llevaban mascarillas. [226] Después de la reunión, Chatfield y Shirkey emitieron una declaración conjunta indicando que "seguirían la ley" y no intentarían que la legislatura interviniera en la selección de votos electorales. [227] Chatfield luego planteó la posibilidad de una "crisis constitucional" en Michigan, mientras que Shirkey sugirió que se retrasara la certificación; sin embargo, ninguno tomó ninguna medida concreta para invalidar la victoria de Biden. [228] [229] El 21 de noviembre, Ronna McDaniel y la presidenta del Partido Republicano de Michigan, Laura Cox, pidieron públicamente a la Junta Estatal de Escrutinios de Michigan que no procediera con la certificación planificada de los resultados electorales. [230] El 23 de noviembre, la Junta Estatal de Escrutinios certificó la elección. [231]

Intento de confiscar máquinas de votación en Michigan

A partir de noviembre de 2020, la campaña de Trump intentó que las fuerzas de seguridad locales confiscaran las máquinas de votación para que la operación Trump las revisara. En un condado de Michigan, los asesores de Trump, incluido Rudy Giuliani, llamaron por teléfono al fiscal del condado el 20 de noviembre de 2020 o alrededor de esa fecha. Le pidieron que consiguiera las máquinas de votación del condado y se las entregara al equipo de Trump. Él se negó, pero un juez ordenó posteriormente que las máquinas se pusieran a disposición de los representantes de Trump. Más tarde elaboraron un "informe forense" en el que afirmaban que había pruebas de fraude; los expertos electorales han dicho que la conclusión era falsa y que el informe "tenía graves defectos". [232]

Al menos una persona fue acusada de intentar acceder ilegalmente a las máquinas de votación después de las elecciones. [233]

Presionan al Secretario de Estado de Georgia para que descalifique votos

El senador Lindsey Graham (republicano de Carolina del Sur) se comunicó con el Secretario de Estado de Georgia sobre la invalidación de las papeletas.

Las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2020 en Georgia produjeron un recuento inicial en el que Biden derrotó a Trump por alrededor de 14.000 votos, lo que desencadenó un recuento automático debido al pequeño margen. El 13 de noviembre de 2020, mientras se llevaba a cabo el recuento, el senador Lindsey Graham de Carolina del Sur llamó en privado al secretario de Estado de Georgia, Brad Raffensperger , para hablar sobre el recuento de votos de Georgia. [102] [234] Raffensperger, un republicano, dijo a The Washington Post que Graham había preguntado si Raffensperger podía descalificar todas las papeletas de voto por correo en los condados que tuvieran más errores de firma. [102] Gabriel Sterling , un funcionario electoral republicano y miembro del personal de Raffensperger, estuvo presente en la llamada, y Sterling confirmó que Graham había hecho esa pregunta. [235]

Raffensperger consideró la pregunta de Graham como una sugerencia de desechar los votos emitidos legalmente, aunque Graham negó haber sugerido tal cosa. Graham reconoció haber llamado a Raffensperger para averiguar cómo "proteger la integridad del voto por correo" y "¿cómo funciona la verificación de firmas?", pero declaró que si Raffensperger "se siente amenazado por esa conversación, tiene un problema". [102] Graham afirmó que estaba investigando en su propia calidad de senador, aunque es el jefe del Comité Judicial del Senado. Graham también afirmó que había hablado con los Secretarios de Estado de Arizona y Nevada. Sin embargo, los Secretarios lo negaron, y Graham luego se contradijo, afirmando que había hablado con el Gobernador de Arizona pero con ningún funcionario de Nevada. [236]

Obstrucción del recuento de votos en Wisconsin

Se lleva a cabo un recuento de votos en el condado de Dane en Monona Terrace , Madison, Wisconsin

El 5 de noviembre de 2020, Andrew Iverson, jefe de la campaña de Trump en Wisconsin, dijo a otros agentes de campaña en una sesión de estrategia: "Este es el trato: Comunicaciones va a seguir avivando la llama y difundiendo la información sobre los demócratas que intentan robar esta elección. Haremos lo que sea necesario. Simplemente estén atentos si hay alguna maniobra que debamos hacer". [e] [237]

La campaña de Trump solicitó un recuento en los condados de Milwaukee y Dane , ambos bastiones demócratas. El 20 de noviembre de 2020, los funcionarios electorales de Wisconsin informaron que los observadores de la campaña de Trump estaban intentando obstruir el recuento. Según los funcionarios, los observadores estaban "interrumpiendo constantemente a los contadores de votos con preguntas y comentarios". En una mesa, un representante republicano objetaba cada papeleta que se retiraba para el recuento. En otras mesas, había dos observadores republicanos cuando solo se permitía uno; también se informó que algunos republicanos se habían hecho pasar por independientes. [238] Completados el 29 de noviembre, los recuentos terminaron aumentando la ventaja de Biden en 87 votos. [239]

Audiencias partidistas con legisladores republicanos

El 25 de noviembre de 2020, un día después de que Pensilvania certificara sus resultados electorales, un senador estatal republicano solicitó una audiencia del Comité de Política de la Mayoría del Senado estatal para discutir cuestiones electorales. El evento, descrito como una "reunión informativa", se celebró en un hotel de Gettysburg y en él participó Rudy Giuliani, quien afirmó que las elecciones habían sido objeto de un fraude masivo. Trump también habló con el grupo por altavoz del teléfono, repitiendo su falsa afirmación de que en realidad había ganado en Pensilvania y otros estados clave, y dijo: "Tenemos que dar la vuelta a la elección". [240]

En Arizona, un estado en el que Biden ganó, los miembros republicanos del Senado de Arizona promovieron las falsas afirmaciones de Trump sobre fraude electoral. A mediados de diciembre de 2020, Eddie Farnsworth , presidente del Comité Judicial del Senado estatal, afirmó que la elección podría haber sido perjudicada por "manipulación" o "fraude", a pesar del testimonio brindado por funcionarios electorales, abogados y la Unidad de Integridad Electoral del Fiscal General de Arizona en una audiencia de seis horas, todos los cuales testificaron que no había evidencia de tales afirmaciones. [241] Las audiencias celebradas en la Legislatura de Michigan tampoco presentaron evidencia de fraude u otra irregularidad. [242]

Acusaciones de conspiración

Días antes de las elecciones presidenciales de 2020, Dennis Montgomery , un diseñador de software con un historial de hacer afirmaciones dudosas, afirmó que un programa llamado Scorecard, que se ejecuta en una supercomputadora del gobierno llamada Hammer, se usaría para cambiar los votos de Trump a Biden en las máquinas de votación. El abogado del equipo legal de Trump, Sidney Powell, promovió la teoría de la conspiración en Lou Dobbs Tonight el 6 de noviembre, [243] [244] y nuevamente dos días después en el programa Fox Business de Maria Bartiromo , afirmando tener "evidencia de que eso es exactamente lo que sucedió". [244] También afirmó que la CIA ignoró las advertencias sobre el software e instó a Trump a despedir a la directora Gina Haspel . [245] Christopher Krebs, director de la Agencia de Seguridad de Infraestructura y Ciberseguridad (CISA), calificó la afirmación de la supercomputadora como "una tontería" y un "engaño". La CISA describió las elecciones de 2020 como "las más seguras en la historia de Estados Unidos", sin "ninguna evidencia de que algún sistema de votación haya eliminado o perdido votos, cambiado votos o haya sido comprometido de alguna manera". [244] [246] Unos días después, Trump despidió a Krebs por tuit, afirmando que el análisis de Krebs era "altamente inexacto". [247]

El 13 de noviembre de 2020, el subdirector de comunicaciones de la campaña de Trump, Zach Parkinson, pidió a su personal que revisara las afirmaciones sobre las máquinas de votación; el personal concluyó que estas afirmaciones eran infundadas. [36]

Durante una conferencia de prensa el 19 de noviembre de 2020, Powell alegó sin pruebas que un complot comunista internacional había sido diseñado por Venezuela, Cuba, China, Hugo Chávez (que murió en 2013), George Soros , la Fundación Clinton y Antifa para manipular las elecciones de 2020. [248] [27] [249] También alegó que Dominion Voting Systems "puede configurar y ejecutar un algoritmo que probablemente funcionó en todo el país para tomar un cierto porcentaje de votos del presidente Trump y dárselos al presidente Biden". [25] La fuente de muchas de estas afirmaciones parecía ser la organización de noticias de extrema derecha One America News Network (OANN). También repitió una teoría de conspiración [170] difundida por el congresista texano Louie Gohmert , OANN y otros: [250] que los resultados precisos de la votación se habían transmitido a la oficina alemana de la empresa española de votación electrónica Scytl , donde se tabularon para revelar una victoria aplastante de Trump en todo el país (que incluía victorias inverosímiles de Trump en bastiones demócratas como California , Colorado , Maine en todo el estado, Minnesota y Nuevo México ), después de lo cual un servidor de la empresa supuestamente fue confiscado en una redada por el Ejército de los Estados Unidos. El Ejército de los EE. UU. y Scytl refutaron esas afirmaciones: [251] Scytl no ha tenido oficinas en Alemania desde septiembre de 2019 y no tabula ningún voto estadounidense. [252] [253] En un informe de marzo de 2021, los Departamentos de Justicia y Seguridad Nacional rechazaron rotundamente las acusaciones de fraude electoral realizadas por naciones extranjeras. [254] Rudy Giuliani también habló en esta conferencia de prensa. En un mensaje de texto privado, Rupert Murdoch describió la presentación de Powell y Giuliani como "algo realmente loco y dañino". [255]

En una entrevista posterior con Newsmax el 21 de noviembre de 2020, [256] Powell acusó al gobernador republicano de Georgia , Brian Kemp , de estar "en la estafa de Dominion" y sugirió una irregularidad financiera. [257] Powell también alegó que el fraude había impedido que Doug Collins ganara una posición entre los dos primeros en las primarias generales no partidistas de noviembre de 2020 contra la titular Kelly Loeffler en la carrera al Senado en Georgia . [258] También afirmó que el Partido Demócrata había utilizado máquinas manipuladas de Dominion para derrotar a Bernie Sanders en las primarias de 2016 y que Sanders se había enterado de esto pero se había "vendido". [259] Afirmó que "haría estallar" Georgia con una presentación judicial "bíblica". [260] Powell sugirió que los candidatos "pagaron para que el sistema estuviera manipulado para que trabajara para ellos". [261] Sobre la base de estas afirmaciones, Powell pidió a las legislaturas estatales controladas por los republicanos en los estados clave que ignoraran los resultados de las elecciones y designaran una lista de electores "leales" que votarían para reelegir a Trump, [262] basándose en la autoridad que supuestamente descansa en el Artículo Dos de la Constitución . [263] El Washington Post informó que el 5 de diciembre Trump le pidió a Kemp que convocara una sesión especial de la legislatura de Georgia para ese propósito, pero Kemp se negó. [106] Trump también presionó al presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de Pensilvania, Bryan Cutler, para que revocara el resultado y usara electores leales a Trump, pero Cutler se negó, diciendo que la legislatura no tenía poder para revocar la lista de electores elegida por el estado. [19]

Los canales de televisión conservadores amplificaron las acusaciones infundadas de fraude en las máquinas de votación. El presentador de Fox News, Lou Dobbs, había apoyado abiertamente las acusaciones durante su programa, pero el 18 de diciembre su programa emitió un segmento de vídeo que desmentía las acusaciones, aunque el propio Dobbs no hizo ningún comentario. Las presentadoras de Fox News, Jeanine Pirro y Maria Bartiromo, también habían apoyado abiertamente las acusaciones, y sus programas emitieron el mismo segmento de vídeo que desmentía las acusaciones durante los dos días siguientes. [264]

Smartmatic , una empresa acusada de conspirar con Dominion, exigió una retractación de Fox News. Smartmatic quería que las correcciones se "publicaran en múltiples ocasiones" durante el horario de máxima audiencia para "igualar la atención y la audiencia a la que se dirigían las publicaciones difamatorias originales". También amenazaron con emprender acciones legales. [264] [265] [266] El 4 de febrero de 2021, Smartmatic presentó una demanda contra Dobbs, Bartiromo, Pirro y la propia Fox News, así como contra Rudy Giuliani y Sidney Powell, solicitando una indemnización total de 2.700 millones de dólares. [267]

En diciembre de 2020, Dominion envió una carta similar a Sidney Powell, exigiéndole que se retractara de sus acusaciones y conservara todos los registros pertinentes; el equipo legal de Trump luego ordenó a docenas de empleados que conservaran todos los documentos para cualquier litigio futuro. [268] [269] La compañía presentó demandas por difamación por $1.3 mil millones contra Powell en enero de 2021. [270] Mientras luchaban contra la demanda en marzo de 2021, los abogados de Powell afirmaron que su discurso estaba protegido porque estaba compartiendo su "opinión" y que, debido a que se desempeñaba como abogada de la campaña de Trump, era su papel hacer acusaciones contra Dominion. Dominion se había quejado de que los comentarios de Powell eran "descabellados", "extravagantes" e "imposibles". Los abogados de Powell parecieron admitir que Powell obviamente había estado mintiendo, diciendo que "la gente razonable no aceptaría tales declaraciones como hechos" y, por lo tanto, que ella no había difamado a Dominion. [271]

En comunicaciones internas de Fox News, varios presentadores y altos ejecutivos destacados de la cadena, incluido el presidente Rupert Murdoch y la directora ejecutiva Suzanne Scott , hablaron sobre su conocimiento de que las acusaciones de fraude electoral que estaban informando eran falsas. Las comunicaciones mostraron que a la cadena le preocupaba que no informar sobre las falsedades alejaría a los espectadores y haría que se cambiaran a cadenas conservadoras rivales, lo que afectaría la rentabilidad corporativa. [272] En una declaración en la demanda de Dominion Voting Systems, Murdoch dijo: "Me hubiera gustado que fuéramos más firmes al denunciarlo [las acusaciones falsas], en retrospectiva". [273] Las comunicaciones y la declaración se informaron en febrero de 2023.

Amenazas de violencia por parte de partidarios de Trump

Después de que Biden ganó las elecciones, los partidarios furiosos de Trump amenazaron a los funcionarios electorales, a los familiares de los funcionarios electorales y al personal electoral en al menos ocho estados a través de correos electrónicos, llamadas telefónicas y cartas; algunas de las comunicaciones amenazantes y vitriólicas incluyeron amenazas de muerte . Los funcionarios aterrorizados por las amenazas incluyeron a funcionarios de los estados clave de Wisconsin, Pensilvania, Michigan, Nevada y Arizona, así como algunos estados menos competitivos. [274] Algunos funcionarios tuvieron que buscar protección policial [274] [275] o mudarse de sus hogares debido a las amenazas. [274] El director del Centro para la Innovación y la Investigación Electoral, una organización no partidista y sin fines de lucro, describió las amenazas como aterradoras y dijo: "Estas amenazas a menudo se refieren a áreas relacionadas con la raza, el sexo o el antisemitismo . Más de una vez se refieren específicamente a la violencia con armas de fuego". Los republicanos prominentes ignoraron o dijeron poco sobre las amenazas de violencia. [274]

El 15 de noviembre, el Secretario de Estado de Georgia informó que él y su esposa estaban recibiendo amenazas de muerte. [102] El 30 de noviembre, el abogado de Trump, Joseph diGenova, dijo que el recientemente despedido jefe de la Agencia de Seguridad Cibernética y de Infraestructura, Chris Krebs , debería ser "sacado y fusilado" por disputar las afirmaciones del presidente sobre fraude electoral. [183] ​​El 1 de diciembre, el funcionario electoral republicano de Georgia, Gabriel Sterling, condenó públicamente a Trump y a los senadores de Georgia Perdue y Loeffler por hacer afirmaciones sin fundamento y por no condenar las amenazas de violencia contra los trabajadores electorales, incluidas las hechas contra un joven empleado de bajo nivel de Dominion y su familia. [276] Después de que la senadora demócrata del estado de Georgia, Elena Parent, se pronunció en contra de las falsas acusaciones de fraude electoral, fue blanco de vitriolo en línea, amenazada de muerte y violencia sexual, y su dirección de casa circuló ampliamente en línea. Parent atribuyó el ataque a Trump, diciendo: "Ha creado una especie de culto de seguidores y está exponiendo a personas como yo en todo el país al peligro debido a su retórica infundada sobre las elecciones". [275]

A principios de diciembre, circuló en la web una "lista de enemigos" en la que se acusaba falsamente a varios funcionarios gubernamentales y ejecutivos de sistemas de votación de manipular las elecciones, proporcionar sus direcciones particulares y superponer objetivos rojos en sus fotos. [277]

El Partido Republicano de Arizona tuiteó dos veces que sus partidarios deberían estar dispuestos a "morir por algo" o "dar mi vida por esta lucha". Ann Jacobs, presidenta de la Comisión Electoral de Wisconsin , dijo que había recibido amenazas constantes, incluido un mensaje que mencionaba a sus hijos, y que se habían publicado fotos de su casa en la web. [278]

El 1 de enero de 2021, el vicepresidente Mike Pence pidió a un juez federal que desestimara una demanda que lo nombraba como acusado; presentada por el congresista republicano de Texas Louis Gohmert y otros, la demanda finalmente infructuosa afirmó que el vicepresidente tenía la única autoridad constitucional para llevar a cabo la certificación del Congreso de los resultados del Colegio Electoral sin restricciones. [279] El abogado Lin Wood , un teórico de la conspiración y promotor de QAnon que había trabajado con el abogado de Trump Sidney Powell para presentar demandas infundadas alegando fraude electoral, tuiteó ese día que Pence y otros funcionarios republicanos prominentes deberían ser arrestados por traición y que Pence debería "enfrentar la ejecución por un pelotón de fusilamiento". [280] Dos semanas antes, Wood había tuiteado que las personas deberían abastecerse de bienes de supervivencia, incluidos "suministros de la Segunda Enmienda". Emerald Robinson , corresponsal de la Casa Blanca para One America News pro-Trump , tuiteó "Amigos, cuando [Lin Wood] les dice a las personas que se preparen, escucho". [281]

Después de que Trump instara a sus partidarios a protestar en Washington mientras el Congreso se reunía para certificar los resultados de las elecciones, algunos carteles en foros de extrema derecha en línea lo interpretaron como un llamado a la acción, y uno de ellos afirmó: "Tenemos órdenes de marcha", mientras que otros hicieron referencia a la posible violencia y a llevar armas de fuego a la protesta. En un debate sobre cómo evadir los bloqueos policiales y las leyes de armas del Distrito de Columbia, un cartel comentó: "Nosotros, el pueblo, no toleraremos un robo. No hay retirada, no hay rendición. ¡Devuélvanle a mi presidente lo que robaron o cosechen las consecuencias!". [282] [283]

Diciembre de 2020

El 1 de diciembre de 2020, el fiscal general de Estados Unidos, William Barr, dijo que los fiscales estadounidenses y los agentes del FBI habían investigado las quejas y acusaciones de fraude, pero no encontraron nada significativo. [34] [95] [284] [285] El 3 de diciembre de 2020, el director de Inteligencia Nacional, John Ratcliffe, dijo que aún no se había encontrado evidencia de interferencia extranjera . [286] [287]

El ex asesor de seguridad nacional de Trump , Michael Flynn , que había recibido un indulto presidencial poco después de las elecciones, pidió públicamente el 1 de diciembre al presidente que suspendiera la Constitución , silenciara a la prensa y celebrara nuevas elecciones bajo supervisión militar. [288]

El intento de Trump de presionar a los funcionarios estatales

El 5 de diciembre, Trump llamó al gobernador de Georgia, Brian Kemp, en la que le instó a convocar una sesión especial de la legislatura estatal para anular los resultados de las elecciones y designar electores que apoyaran a Trump. [106] También llamó al presidente de la Cámara de Representantes de Pensilvania con objetivos similares, y anteriormente había invitado a los funcionarios republicanos del estado de Michigan a la Casa Blanca para discutir los resultados de las elecciones en ese estado. [106] [289] Los contactos en Georgia y Pensilvania se realizaron después de que se certificaran las victorias de Biden en esos estados; la victoria de Biden en Michigan se certificó tres días después de la reunión de Trump en la Casa Blanca. [107] [108] [290]

Después de que Georgia hubiera contado dos veces y certificado dos veces sus resultados, el secretario de estado republicano Brad Raffensperger recibió amenazas de muerte. Otros miembros de su partido, incluidos los dos senadores del estado, lo presionaron para que renunciara. [291] [292] El 23 de diciembre, Trump llamó al jefe de investigaciones de la oficina del Secretario de Estado de Georgia, que estaba investigando las acusaciones de fraude en el voto por correo, e instó al funcionario a "encontrar el fraude" (una cita errónea que fue modificada por The Washington Post en marzo de 2021 a "[encontrarías] cosas que van a ser increíbles"); [293] la investigación finalmente concluyó que las acusaciones no tenían fundamento. [294] El fiscal general de Texas, Ken Paxton , demandó al estado y a otros tres, pidiendo a la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos que invalidara los resultados de la votación de los estados, alegando que habían violado la Constitución, citando una letanía de quejas que ya habían sido rechazadas por otros tribunales. [295] [296] Trump y diecisiete fiscales generales estatales republicanos presentaron mociones para apoyar el caso, cuyos méritos fueron duramente criticados por expertos legales y políticos. [297] [298] El día en que se presentó la demanda, Trump advirtió al fiscal general de Georgia, Chris Carr, que no reuniera a otros funcionarios republicanos para oponerse a la demanda. [299]

El 4 de diciembre de 2020, 64 miembros republicanos de la Asamblea General de Pensilvania firmaron una carta instando a la delegación del Congreso del estado a rechazar los votos electorales de Biden. Kim Ward , líder de la mayoría republicana del Senado de Pensilvania, dijo que Trump la había llamado para decirle que había habido fraude en las elecciones, pero que no había visto la carta antes de que se publicara. Afirmó que se esperaba que los líderes republicanos apoyaran las afirmaciones de Trump y que si hubiera anunciado su oposición a la carta, "esta noche me bombardearían la casa". [300] [301]

El 10 de diciembre de 2020, después de que se desestimaran varias demandas, Trump tuiteó: "Esto va a escalar dramáticamente. Este es un momento muy peligroso en nuestra historia... El hecho de que nos estén robando nuestro país. Se está produciendo un golpe de Estado ante nuestros ojos, y el público ya no puede soportarlo más". [302]

Peticiones a la Corte Suprema

Antes y después de las elecciones, Trump dijo que esperaba que el resultado lo decidiera la Corte Suprema , donde los jueces conservadores tenían una mayoría de 6 a 3, y tres de ellos habían sido designados por Trump. [303] [128]

El 21 de noviembre, un grupo de legisladores republicanos de Pensilvania presentó una petición ante la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos en apelación de una decisión de la Corte Suprema de Pensilvania contra los legisladores, que habían pedido anular las papeletas de voto por correo después de haber sido emitidas, o que ordenara a la legislatura que seleccionara a los electores de Pensilvania. El tribunal superior denegó la solicitud en una orden de una sola frase y sin firmar el 8 de diciembre. Cuando el tribunal superior tomó la decisión, los resultados de las elecciones de Pensilvania habían sido certificados a favor de Biden. Los abogados de Pensilvania argumentaron ante el tribunal superior que la solicitud de los legisladores era "una afrenta a la democracia constitucional" y que "los peticionarios piden a este tribunal que emprenda una de las invocaciones más dramáticas y disruptivas del poder judicial en la historia de la República; ningún tribunal ha emitido nunca una orden que anule la certificación de los resultados de las elecciones presidenciales por parte de un gobernador". [44] [107]

El 8 de diciembre de 2020, el fiscal general de Texas, Ken Paxton, demandó a los estados de Georgia, Michigan, Wisconsin y Pensilvania , donde los resultados certificados mostraban que Joe Biden había ganado, [304] alegando una variedad de acciones inconstitucionales en su votación presidencial, argumentos que ya habían sido rechazados en otros tribunales . Paxton pidió a la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos que invalidara los 62 votos electorales de esos estados, lo que permitiría que Trump fuera declarado ganador de un segundo mandato presidencial. [44] Este caso, Texas v. Pennsylvania , fue aclamado por Trump como "el grande". [46] Diecisiete fiscales generales estatales republicanos presentaron escritos amicus curiae para apoyar el caso y 126 miembros republicanos de la Cámara de Representantes lo firmaron. [305] El 11 de diciembre, la Corte Suprema dijo que no escucharía el caso. Al denegar la moción del demandante para invalidar esos votos, dijo que "la moción del estado de Texas" carecía de legitimidad. [304] [306] [307] Ted Cruz, quien previamente había presentado nueve casos ante la Corte Suprema, aceptó la solicitud de Trump de presentar argumentos en la demanda de Paxton si llegase ante la Corte. [308] [309]

A fines de diciembre, los abogados Chesebro y Troupis pidieron a la Corte Suprema que revisara si las listas de electores en competencia de siete estados en disputa podían ser consideradas por el Congreso el 6 de enero. La Corte Suprema rechazó su solicitud de opinión. [195]

El 31 de diciembre, el abogado Kenneth Chesebro envió un correo electrónico a otros miembros del equipo legal de Trump, diciendo que el juez de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos Clarence Thomas era "clave" y proponiendo que "formularan las cosas de modo que Thomas pudiera ser el que emitiera" una orden para socavar los resultados electorales de Georgia. El abogado de Trump, John Eastman, respondió estando de acuerdo. [310]

Consideración de un fiscal especial y la ley marcial

Después de que los esfuerzos legales de Trump y sus representantes fracasaran en numerosos tribunales estatales y federales, incluida la Corte Suprema, [311] algunos activistas de derecha y aliados de Trump, incluidos Michael Flynn , Sidney Powell y L. Lin Wood  , sugirieron que Trump podría suspender la Constitución, declarar la ley marcial y "rehacer" las elecciones. [312] [313] Muchos oficiales militares retirados, abogados y otros comentaristas expresaron horror ante tal noción. [314] [f] Trump celebró una reunión en la Oficina Oval el 18 de diciembre con Rudy Giuliani, el jefe de gabinete Mark Meadows, el abogado de la Casa Blanca Pat Cipollone , Powell y Flynn. En la reunión, Trump consideró la idea de nombrar a Powell, quien ha promovido teorías de conspiración electoral y falsedades, como fiscal especial para investigar asuntos electorales, aunque la mayoría de los asesores presentes se opusieron firmemente a la idea. Se redactaron dos órdenes ejecutivas para nombrar a un fiscal especial y confiscar las máquinas de votación, que Trump afirmó falsamente que estaban manipuladas en su contra. Una orden exigía que el Pentágono confiscara las máquinas, mientras que la otra encargaba al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional . Por orden de Trump, Giuliani llamó a Ken Cuccinelli , el segundo al mando del DHS, el 17 de diciembre para preguntar si el departamento podía confiscar las máquinas, pero Cuccinelli dijo que no tenía la autoridad. Por consejo de Giuliani, Trump había rechazado una recomendación de Flynn y Powell de que el Pentágono confiscara las máquinas, y Bill Barr rechazó de plano la sugerencia del presidente de que lo hiciera el Departamento de Justicia. [319] [49] [320] [321] Flynn habría discutido su idea de declarar la ley marcial, aunque otros también se resistieron a esa idea, y la opinión de Trump sobre el asunto no estaba clara. Ese mismo día, Flynn apareció en Newsmax TV para sugerir que Trump tenía el poder de desplegar al ejército para "rehacer" las elecciones en los estados clave que Trump había perdido. [311] Trump desestimó los informes sobre una discusión sobre la ley marcial como "noticias falsas", pero no quedó claro si había respaldado la idea. [322]

Un intento de Trump de invocar la ley marcial para invalidar los resultados de las elecciones sería ilegal e inconstitucional. [323] [324] A fines de diciembre de 2020, los académicos legales Claire O. Finkelstein y Richard Painter escribieron que, si bien era muy poco probable que Trump realmente "intente provocar un golpe militar", el fiscal general interino Jeffrey A. Rosen debería estar preparado para ordenar a las fuerzas del orden federales "arrestar a cualquiera, incluido, si es necesario, el presidente, que ... conspiró para llevar a cabo este plan ilegal". Comparando una invocación hipotética de la ley marcial para anular las elecciones con el tiroteo de 1861 en Fort Sumter , Finkelstein y Painter escribieron que cualquier plan de ese tipo constituiría una conspiración sediciosa y posiblemente otros delitos, y que cualquier oficial militar o personal alistado al que se le ordenara ayudar en tal plan estaría obligado, según el Código Uniforme de Justicia Militar , a ignorar tal orden ilegal . [323]

El 18 de diciembre, el secretario del Ejército Ryan McCarthy y el general James McConville , jefe del Estado Mayor del Ejército , emitieron una declaración conjunta en la que decían: "El ejército estadounidense no tiene ningún papel que desempeñar en la determinación del resultado de una elección estadounidense". [325] El 3 de enero, los diez exsecretarios de defensa vivos ( Ashton Carter , Dick Cheney , William Cohen , Mark Esper , Robert Gates , Chuck Hagel , James Mattis , Leon Panetta , William Perry y Donald Rumsfeld  ) publicaron un artículo de opinión en The Washington Post en el que pedían una transferencia ordenada y pacífica del poder , señalando que "los esfuerzos por involucrar a las fuerzas armadas estadounidenses en la resolución de disputas electorales nos llevarían a un territorio peligroso, ilegal e inconstitucional", y señalando que "los funcionarios civiles y militares que dirijan o lleven a cabo tales medidas serían responsables, incluso podrían enfrentarse a sanciones penales, por las graves consecuencias de sus acciones en nuestra república". Los ex secretarios de defensa escribieron que "el secretario de defensa interino Christopher C. Miller y sus subordinados –designados políticos, oficiales y funcionarios públicos– están obligados por juramento, ley y precedentes a facilitar la toma de posesión del nuevo gobierno, y a hacerlo de todo corazón. También deben abstenerse de cualquier acción política que socave los resultados de la elección o dificulte el éxito del nuevo equipo". [326]

Elizabeth Neumann , asesora de Defending Democracy Together y exsecretaria adjunta de Seguridad Nacional durante el gobierno de Trump, afirmó que "En la base conservadora conspirativa que apoya a Trump, hay llamados a utilizar la Ley de Insurrección para declarar la ley marcial. Cuando escuchan que el presidente está considerando realmente esto, hay grupos extremistas violentos que lo ven como una excusa para salir y crear... violencia". [322]

Planes para que el Congreso revoque los resultados de las elecciones del 6 de enero

El 21 de diciembre, el congresista Mo Brooks , que había sido el primer miembro del Congreso en anunciar que se opondría a la certificación de los resultados del Colegio Electoral el 6 de enero de 2021, [327] [328] organizó tres reuniones en la Casa Blanca entre Trump, legisladores republicanos y otros. Entre los asistentes se encontraban Trump, el vicepresidente Pence, los representantes Jody Hice (republicano por Georgia), Jim Jordan (republicano por Ohio) y Andy Biggs (republicano por Arizona), la representante electa Marjorie Taylor Greene (republicana por Georgia) y miembros del equipo legal de Trump. El propósito de las reuniones era elaborar estrategias sobre cómo el Congreso podría revocar los resultados de las elecciones el 6 de enero. Brooks confirmó después de una de esas reuniones que había sido "un ida y vuelta sobre la planificación y la estrategia para el 6 de enero". [329]

Talking Points Memo informó en diciembre de 2022 que había obtenido los 2.319 mensajes de texto que Meadows había proporcionado al comité del 6 de enero , incluidos 450 que mostraban a Meadows comunicándose con 34 miembros republicanos del Congreso sobre los planes para revocar las elecciones. [330]

Presión sobre Pence

En el período previo a la certificación de las elecciones del 6 de enero, los intentos de descubrir un fraude electoral significativo no dieron frutos y los tribunales rechazaron las impugnaciones legales relacionadas. Por lo tanto, quienes buscaban anular los resultados de las elecciones centraron cada vez más su atención en el entonces vicepresidente Mike Pence. La Duodécima Enmienda de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos exige que el Presidente del Senado, que fue Pence en la certificación de las elecciones presidenciales del 6 de enero, supervise el recuento de las papeletas electorales en una sesión conjunta del Congreso. [331] El equipo de Trump desarrolló múltiples teorías sobre cómo podría actuar el Vicepresidente el 6 de enero para ayudar a anular los resultados de las elecciones; y lo alentó repetidamente a actuar en consecuencia. [ cita requerida ]

La conspiración de la "Tarjeta Pence"

A partir de fines de diciembre, se volvieron virales en las redes sociales pro-Trump teorías legales falsas que sugerían que el vicepresidente Pence podría invocar una "Tarjeta Pence", un supuesto vacío legal que le permitiría, en su calidad de presidente del Senado , rechazar los votos electorales para Biden de los estados clave en disputa con el argumento de que habían sido emitidos por electores designados fraudulentamente. [332] [333] Estas teorías se originaron en Ivan Raiklin , un abogado y ex Boina Verde que estaba entre un pequeño grupo de veteranos de inteligencia militar asociados con Michael Flynn que fueron fundamentales en la difusión de información falsa alegando que las elecciones de 2020 habían sido robadas a Trump. [180] [109] [334] La teoría se deriva de una lectura errónea de 3 USC  § 12, que ordena al vicepresidente solicitar certificados de voto electoral de cualquier estado que aún no haya enviado estos votos a los Archivos Nacionales antes del cuarto miércoles de diciembre. Según esta teoría, Pence tenía autoridad unilateral para declarar que los certificados estatales de los estados en disputa no habían sido recibidos, y que se debían emitir nuevos certificados (presumiblemente en apoyo del presidente Trump). [335] [336] Trump retuiteó una publicación de Raiklin pidiendo la invocación de la tarjeta Pence el 23 de diciembre, [109] el día especificado en el estatuto, pero Pence no tomó ninguna medida coherente con la teoría. A fines de diciembre, Pence llamó al ex vicepresidente Dan Quayle para pedirle consejo, y Quayle le dijo (según los periodistas Bob Woodward y Robert Costa): "Mike, no tienes flexibilidad en esto. Ninguna. Cero. ... Sé en qué posición estás. También sé cuál es la ley. ... No tienes poder". [337] Aunque había pasado el cuarto miércoles, Trump todavía creía que Pence tenía la autoridad para rechazar votos electorales, y siguió pidiéndole que lo hiciera; sin embargo, durante el almuerzo del 5 de enero, Pence le informó a Trump que no creía tener tal autoridad. [338] [339]

El abogado John Eastman le dijo incorrectamente a Pence en una reunión en la Oficina Oval el 5 de enero que Pence tenía la autoridad constitucional para bloquear la certificación, que Trump supuestamente instó a Pence a considerar. [340] [341] Eastman también envió al senador republicano Mike Lee un plan de acción de seis puntos para que Pence dejara de lado a los electores en siete estados, que Lee rechazó. [341] Para el 5 de enero, Trump seguía afirmando que Pence tenía poder unilateral para desechar los certificados electorales oficiales de los estados por motivos de fraude. [117] Durante el ataque al Capitolio , numerosos alborotadores corearon "Cuelguen a Mike Pence", y la frase fue tendencia en Twitter hasta que Twitter la prohibió. [342] En marzo, cuando Jonathan Karl de ABC News le preguntó a Trump si estaba preocupado por Pence mientras la multitud cantaba, Trump defendió a la multitud, diciendo que estaban "muy enojados" y que era "sentido común" que quisieran impedir que el Congreso certificara el resultado de las elecciones. De Pence, Trump dijo: "Pensé que estaba bien protegido y había oído que estaba en buena forma". [343] [g]

Decenas de legisladores de cinco estados clave escribieron a Pence el 5 de enero pidiéndole que retrasara diez días la certificación final de los electores programada para el día siguiente, para permitirles la oportunidad de abrir sesiones legislativas especiales para descertificar a sus electores y presentar una nueva lista de electores. Esto ocurrió tres días después de que Trump, Giuliani y Eastman mantuvieran una conferencia telefónica con 300 legisladores para presentarles supuestas pruebas de fraude electoral. [109] Ted Cruz, amigo de Eastman desde hace décadas, propuso un plan complementario en el Senado, obteniendo el apoyo de otros diez senadores. [308]

En enero de 2022, cuando el Congreso comenzó a debatir si debía enmendar la Ley de Recuento Electoral de 1887 para dejar más claro que el vicepresidente no tiene poder para anular una elección, [344] Trump emitió una declaración en la que afirmaba, falsamente, que Pence sí tenía ese poder: "Desafortunadamente, no ejerció ese poder, ¡podría haber anulado la elección!" y "ahora quieren quitármelo de inmediato". [345] Pence respondió varios días después mientras se dirigía a la Sociedad Federalista : "El presidente Trump está equivocado... Según la Constitución, no tenía derecho a cambiar el resultado de nuestra elección". [346]

Cronología de diciembre

John Eastman, autor de los memorandos de Eastman , comenzó a trabajar con el equipo de Trump en noviembre de 2020. [347] El asesor de Trump, Peter Navarro , afirmó que el plan " Green Bay Sweep " se desarrolló durante las semanas previas al 6 de enero de 2021. [348]

El 13 de diciembre, los aliados de Trump en la Cámara de Representantes estaban desarrollando un plan que involucraba a Pence "para utilizar el recuento de los resultados electorales del Congreso el 6 de enero para inclinar la elección a favor del presidente Trump". [349] Kenneth Chesebro envió un correo electrónico a Rudy Giuliani y a otros señalando que, si Pence se recusara, el senador republicano Chuck Grassley de Iowa estaría a cargo de certificar la elección, y si Grassley demorara hacerlo, esto le daría a Trump más tiempo para las batallas judiciales. El asunto de Chesebro llamó a esto la "estrategia del 'presidente del Senado'". [350]

El 21 de diciembre, los asesores legales de Trump, Pence y varios miembros del Congreso en una reunión en la Casa Blanca discutieron formas de impugnar el proceso de certificación y los resultados del 6 de enero. [351]

El 23 de diciembre, Trump retuiteó el memorando de la "Operación Tarjeta Pence" de Ivan Raiklin y afirmó: "Estados Unidos @VP @Mike_Pence DEBE hacer esto mañana para defender nuestra Constitución de nuestros enemigos... ¡Hazle saber!". [352]

El 24 de diciembre, un asistente de Trump contactó a John Eastman para solicitar documentación de sus teorías legales sobre el proceso de certificación, incluido el papel del vicepresidente, lo que resultó en los memorandos de Eastman . [347]

El 27 de diciembre se presentó en un tribunal de Texas una demanda que busca forzar a Pence a tomar medidas durante la certificación del 6 de enero, Gohmert v. Pence (ver más abajo).

El 31 de diciembre, el entonces jefe de gabinete de la Casa Blanca, Mark Meadows, envió por correo electrónico un memorando preparado por Jenna Ellis , asesora legal de la campaña de Trump, a uno de los principales ayudantes de Pence. [353] El memorando afirmaba que el vicepresidente no debería abrir las papeletas electorales de seis estados "que tienen delegados electorales en disputa", y debería aplazar el eventual recuento de delegados electorales hasta el 15 de enero. [354]

Presión sobre el Departamento de Justicia

El 14 de diciembre, dos semanas después de que Barr declarara que no había evidencia de un fraude electoral significativo, Trump anunció que Barr dejaría el cargo de fiscal general en Navidad. [355] [356] Antes del anuncio de Trump, reclutó al jefe de gabinete Mark Meadows y otros asistentes para presionar al fiscal adjunto Jeffrey Rosen , quien reemplazaría a Barr el 23 de diciembre, y a otros funcionarios del Departamento de Justicia para que impugnaran los resultados de las elecciones. Meadows y un alto asistente de Trump enviaron por correo electrónico acusaciones de anomalías en la votación en tres estados a Rosen y otros funcionarios. Meadows también buscó que Rosen investigara una teoría de la conspiración , promovida por un aliado de Giuliani, de que se habían utilizado satélites y tecnología militar en Italia para cambiar de forma remota los votos de Trump a Biden. Trump también reclutó a un abogado privado, Kurt Olsen, para buscar una reunión con Rosen para proponer un desafío legal que había redactado; Fue similar a un desafío iniciado por el fiscal general de Texas Ken Paxton y apoyado por docenas de miembros republicanos del Congreso y fiscales generales estatales, que intentó sin éxito que la Corte Suprema rechazara los resultados electorales en cuatro estados. Trump también habló con Rosen sobre la propuesta de Olsen. Rosen y su adjunto Richard Donoghue se resistieron a los esfuerzos, intercambiando correos electrónicos burlándose de ellos, en un caso, como "pura locura". [30] [357] [358] Rosen testificó más tarde ante el Congreso: "Durante mi mandato, no se designó ningún fiscal especial, ya sea por fraude electoral o de otro tipo; no se hicieron declaraciones públicas cuestionando la elección; no se enviaron cartas a funcionarios estatales buscando revocar los resultados electorales; [y] no se presentaron acciones judiciales ni presentaciones ante el Departamento de Justicia buscando revocar los resultados electorales". [359]

A fines de diciembre, Trump supuestamente llamó por teléfono a Rosen "casi todos los días" para contarle sobre las denuncias de fraude electoral o recuentos de votos incorrectos. [359] Donoghue tomó notas de una llamada telefónica del 27 de diciembre de 2020 entre él, Rosen y Trump en la que caracterizó al presidente diciendo: "Solo diga que la elección fue corrupta + déjeme el resto a mí y a los congresistas republicanos". [31] [32] Al día siguiente, Jeffrey Clark , fiscal general adjunto interino de la división civil, se acercó a Rosen y Donoghue con un borrador de carta y les pidió que lo firmaran. La carta estaba dirigida a funcionarios del estado de Georgia, diciendo que el Departamento de Justicia tenía evidencia que planteaba "preocupaciones significativas" sobre el resultado de las elecciones presidenciales, al contrario de lo que Barr había anunciado públicamente semanas antes, y sugiriendo que la legislatura de Georgia "se convoque a una sesión especial para [el] propósito limitado de considerar cuestiones relacionadas con el nombramiento de electores presidenciales". Tanto Rosen como Donoghue se negaron a firmar la carta, y nunca fue enviada. [360]

En diciembre, Associated Press informó que Heidi Stirrup, una aliada del asesor de Trump Stephen Miller , que meses antes había sido instalada discretamente en el Departamento de Justicia como los "ojos y oídos" de la Casa Blanca, había sido expulsada del edificio en los últimos días después de que se supo que presionaba a los funcionarios para obtener información confidencial sobre un posible fraude electoral y otros asuntos que podía transmitir a la Casa Blanca. Stirrup también había eludido la gestión del Departamento de Justicia para extender ofertas de trabajo a aliados políticos para puestos superiores del Departamento e interferido en la contratación de funcionarios de carrera. [361]

Presión sobre el Departamento de Defensa

Según el reportero de ABC News Jonathan Karl , Michael Flynn llamó al alto funcionario de inteligencia de Trump, Ezra Cohen , y le dijo que tomara medidas extremas, incluida la confiscación de papeletas, para evitar que los resultados de las elecciones favorecieran al demócrata. Cohen no atendió las órdenes de Flynn y respondió: "Señor, las elecciones han terminado. Es hora de seguir adelante". Flynn respondió: "¡Eres un cobarde! ¡Esto no ha terminado! ¡No seas un cobarde!". [362] [363]

Trump attorney Sidney Powell called Cohen shortly thereafter and attempted to enlist his help with a far-fetched claim involving then-CIA Director Gina Haspel. According to Karl's book, Powell told Cohen that "Haspel has been hurt and taken into custody in Germany. You need to launch a special operations mission to get her." The claim, a conspiracy theory, had been circulating among Powell's QAnon following for some time.[363] The conspiracy theory falsely claimed that Haspel had been injured while on a secret CIA operation to seize an election-related computer server that belonged to a company named Scytl. Powell alleged to Cohen that the server contained evidence of "hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of votes had been switched using rigged voting machines". Powell was under the impression that Haspel had been engaged in this operation with the aim of destroying the nonexistent evidence on that nonexistent server. According to the book, Cohen thought Powell sounded "out of her mind" and he quickly reported the call to the acting defense secretary.[362]

A December 18, 2020, memo proposed that the Trump administration seek evidence that there had been foreign interference in favor of Biden. The memo laid out a plan for Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher Miller to use National Security Agency and Defense Department powers to seize phone and email records. One of Trump's informal advisers, Michael Pillsbury, described this as "amateur hour" perpetrated by people with no existing connection to Trump who were raising topics that the government had already "said there was no evidence for".[364] In May 2021, Miller testified to the January 6 House committee that he had feared Trump might "invoke the Insurrection Act to politicize the military in an antidemocratic manner".[365]

Plan to seize voting machines

The then-President's team also developed plans to have federal authorities seize voting machines from states where the election had been closely contested but won by Biden. News reports indicate that, at various points in the planning, the Justice Department, the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and the National Guard were considered as entities that would conduct the seizures. Several versions of a draft Executive Order that would authorize the seizures were prepared. Then-President Trump was reported to have reviewed the draft Executive Order authorizing seizure by the National Guard but, based on advice by (among others) Patrick Cipollone and Rudy Giuliani, he did not sign and issue it.[321][366]

In June 2022, an email dated November 21, 2020 surfaced, sent by British biopharmaceuticals executive Andrew Whitney, who in August 2020 pitched to Trump in the Oval Office the toxic botanical extract oleandrin as a cure for COVID-19. The email included a draft "authorizing letter" to be presented by the president allowing three armed private companies to seize all voting machines and related materials, with assistance from U.S. Marshals. The email was sent to Doug Logan, the president of Cyber Ninjas, which later conducted the 2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit that sought but failed to find election fraud in that county, and to cybersecurity expert Jim Penrose, who had worked with Sidney Powell, Michael Flynn and Patrick M. Byrne, who were seeking access to voting machines in an attempt to find proof of election fraud.[367][368]

Ellis memos

On New Year's Eve, Chief of Staff Mark Meadows sent a memo drafted by Trump attorney Jenna Ellis to a top Pence aide containing a detailed plan to overturn the election results. The plan entailed Pence returning the electoral results to six battleground states on January 6, with a deadline of January 15 for the states to return them. If any state did not return their electoral slate by that date, neither Trump nor Biden would hold a majority, so the election would be thrown to the House for a vote to determine the winner. Per the Constitution, in such a scenario the vote would be conducted on the basis of party control of state legislatures, with Republicans holding 26 of 50, presumably giving Trump the victory.[353]

Ellis drafted a second memo dated January 5 which she shared with Trump personal attorney, Jay Sekulow. The memo argued that certain provisions of the Electoral Count Act that restricted Pence's authority to accept or reject selected electors were unconstitutional. She proposed that when Pence reached Arizona in the alphabetical order during the certification, he could declare the state's results as disputed and send all the electoral slates back to the states for "the final ascertainment of electors to be completed before continuing". Sekulow did not agree that Pence had such authority.[354]

Plan to obtain National Security Agency data

In February 2022, The Washington Post obtained a memo of unknown provenance dated December 18, 2020, that had circulated among Trump allies and was shared with some Republican senators. The memo called for Trump to direct acting defense secretary Christopher Miller to obtain "NSA unprocessed raw signals data" in an effort to prove foreign interference in the election. The proposal called for Miller to direct three men named in the document to acquire the data. At least two Republican senators received the memo after a January 4 meeting at the Trump International Hotel attended by at least three senators and others, which had been arranged by Mike Lindell. The meeting centered around voting machines and alleged interference by China, Venezuela and other countries. The three men involved were not close to Trump and their names had not been previously reported in efforts to subvert the election. Miller said he was not aware of the memo and Trump did not act on it.[364]

January 2021

On New Year's Day, White House director of personnel John McEntee sent a series of bullet points via text message to Pence's chief of staff to incorrectly assert that Thomas Jefferson "Used His Position as VP to Win" the 1801 election, which McEntee claimed "proves that the VP has, at a minimum, a substantial discretion to address issues with the electoral process". Jonathan Karl, the ABC News chief White House correspondent for the duration of the Trump administration, wrote a November 2021 profile of McEntee, characterizing him as particularly powerful because "Trump knew he was the one person willing to do anything Trump wanted".[369][370]

Trump reportedly reached out to Steve Bannon for advice on his quest to overturn the election results.[371] In early January, Bannon, John Eastman and Rudy Giuliani were operating what they called a "war room" or "command center" at the Willard Hotel near the White House with the goal of overturning the election results. Christina Bobb of the pro-Trump One America News was also a participant.[109] Further related details of the effort to deny and overturn the election were also reported.[372][373][374][375]

Justice Department officials pressured Atlanta's top federal prosecutor, B. J. Pak, to say there had been widespread voter fraud in Georgia, warning him that he would be fired if he did not.[376] The White House forced Pak to resign on January 4, 2021.[377]

On January 6, 2021, a joint session of Congress presided over by Vice President Pence and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi took place to count the electoral votes. Normally a ceremonial formality, the session was interrupted by a mob that attacked the Capitol.[378][379] Trump had held a simultaneous rally on the Ellipse where he encouraged his supporters to march to the Capitol building.[citation needed]

Five lawyers who represented Trump resigned at the end of January 2021 after claiming he coerced them to repeat false claims of voter fraud.[380]

Gohmert v. Pence

On December 27, 2020, Republican representative Louie Gohmert of Texas and the slate of Republican presidential electors for Arizona filed a lawsuit in the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against Vice President Mike Pence, seeking to force him to decide the election outcome.[381][382] Gohmert argued that the Electoral Count Act of 1887 was unconstitutional, that the Constitution gave Vice President Pence the "sole" power to decide the election outcome, and that Pence had the power to "count elector votes certified by a state's executive", select "a competing slate of duly qualified electors", or "ignore all electors from a certain state".[381][383][384] Pence, represented by the Justice Department, moved to dismiss the case, since Congress, and not the vice president, was a more suitable defendant. The Justice Department also argued that "the Vice President – the only defendant in this case – is ironically the very person whose power [plaintiffs] seek to promote. A suit to establish that the Vice President has discretion over the count, filed against the Vice President, is a walking legal contradiction."[385][386] Lawyers for Congress also supported Pence's position.[386]

On January 1, 2021, U.S. District Judge Jeremy Kernodle dismissed the suit saying that due to the plaintiffs' lack of standing, the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction relating to the constitutional status of the Electoral Count Act.[382][386][387] On appeal, the next day, the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit dismissed Gohmert's appeal in a unanimous decision by a three-judge panel.[388]

Calls with state officials

On January 2, 2021, Trump, Giuliani, Eastman and others held a conference call with 300 legislators of key states to provide them purported evidence of election fraud to justify calling special sessions of their legislatures in an attempt to decertify their electors. Three days later, dozens of lawmakers from five key states wrote Pence to ask he delay the January 6 final certification of electors for ten days to allow legislators the opportunity to reconsider their states' certifications.[109]

That same day, Trump held a one-hour phone call with Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger.[389][390] Trump was joined by Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, trade adviser Peter Navarro, Justice Department official John Lott Jr., law professor John Eastman, and attorneys Rudy Giuliani, Cleta Mitchell and Kurt Hilbert. Raffensperger was joined by his general counsel Ryan Germany.[391] Raffensperger recorded the call, reportedly doing so while recalling his November 13 call with Trump ally and South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham, after which Graham made public statements about the discussion that were at odds with Raffensperger's recollection.[392]

In the call with Raffensperger, Trump repeatedly referred to disproven claims of election fraud and urged Raffensperger to overturn the election, saying, "I just want to find 11,780 votes".[105] Raffensperger refused, noting that Georgia had certified its results after counting the votes three times,[393] and said at one point in the conversation, "Well, Mr. President, the challenge you have is the data you have is wrong".[393][394] Trump issued a vague threat suggesting that Raffensperger and his general counsel Ryan Germany might be subject to criminal liability.[395] After the Georgia call, Trump and his team spoke on Zoom with officials in Arizona, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.[396]

Raffensperger told his advisers that he did not wish a recording or a transcript to be made public unless Trump made false claims about the conversation or attacked Georgia officials. On the morning of January 3, Trump tweeted that Raffensperger "was unwilling, or unable, to answer questions" about various election-related conspiracy theories endorsed by Trump. Raffensperger replied by tweet, "Respectfully, President Trump: what you're saying is not true. The truth will come out."[397] Later that day, The Washington Post reported on the call and published the full audio and transcript[391][398] (the Associated Press also obtained the recording that day).[393]

Two months later, it was revealed that Trump had also called Raffensperger's chief investigator, Frances Watson, on December 23. He spoke to her for six minutes, during which he told her: "When the right answer comes out, you'll be praised".[399][400]

Legal experts stated that Trump's attempt to pressure Raffensperger could have violated election law,[393] including federal and state laws against soliciting election fraud or interference in elections.[396][401] Election-law scholar Edward B. Foley called Trump's conduct "inappropriate and contemptible" while the executive director of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington called Trump's attempt "to rig a presidential election ... a low point in American history and unquestionably impeachable conduct".[402]

Democrats condemned Trump's conduct.[393] Vice President-elect Harris, as well as Representative Adam Schiff,[403] (the chief prosecutor at Trump's first impeachment trial) said that Trump's attempt to pressure Raffensperger was an abuse of power.[393][404] Senator Dick Durbin as well as Representatives Ted Lieu and Kathleen Rice requested a criminal investigation,[405] while others called Trump's conduct an impeachable offense.[406] More than 90 House Democrats supported a formal censure resolution, introduced by Representative Hank Johnson of Georgia, to "censure and condemn" Trump for having "misused the power of his office by threatening an elected official with vague criminal consequences if he failed to pursue the president's false claims" and for attempting "to willfully deprive the citizens of Georgia of a fair and impartial election process in direct contravention" of state and federal law.[407][408] In February 2021, Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis opened a criminal investigation into the phone call along with the phone call made by Lindsey Graham.[409] In January 2022, a panel of Fulton County judges agreed to Willis's request to impanel a special grand jury to compel testimony from individuals who had refused to cooperate.[410]

Several House and Senate Republicans also condemned Trump's conduct,[393][411] although no Republican described the conduct as criminal or an impeachable offense as of January 4.[411][needs update] Republican senator Pat Toomey, who was not seeking reelection in 2022, called it a "new low in this whole futile and sorry episode", and commended "Republican election officials across the country who have discharged their duties with integrity over the past two months while weathering relentless pressure, disinformation, and attacks from the president and his campaign".[411] Other congressional Republicans ignored or sought to defend Trump's Georgia call, including House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy[408] and Georgia Senator David Perdue, who told Fox News in an interview that he thought releasing the tape of the call was "disgusting".[412]

Justice Department pressured and efforts made to replace acting attorney general

The day after Attorney General William Barr said he intended to resign, Trump began to pressure his planned replacement, Jeffrey Rosen, to help him fight the election results. In particular, Trump asked Rosen to file legal briefs supporting lawsuits against the election results; to announce Justice Department investigations of alleged serious election fraud; and to appoint special prosecutors to investigate Trump's unfounded allegations of voter fraud and accusations against Dominion Voting Systems.[413] Rosen refused, as did his deputy, Richard Donoghue, as the Justice Department had already determined and announced that there was no evidence of widespread voter fraud.[34] However, Trump continued to pressure them.[413]

Despite these disagreements, Rosen became acting U.S. Attorney General on December 24 as originally planned. Trump continued to pressure Rosen, asking him to go to the Supreme Court directly to invalidate the election results, but Rosen – along with his predecessor Barr and former acting Solicitor General Jeffrey Wall – said such a case would have no basis and refused to file it.[414][415]

Meanwhile, assistant attorney general Jeffrey Clark, acting head of the Civil Division, proposed himself as Rosen's replacement, suggesting to Trump that he would support the president's efforts to overturn the election results. Clark told Rosen and other top Justice Department officials that the Department should announce it was investigating serious election fraud issues. Clark drafted a letter to Georgia officials claiming the DOJ had "identified significant concerns that may have impacted the outcome of the election in multiple States" and urging the Georgia legislature to convene a special session for the "purpose of considering issues pertaining to the appointment of Presidential Electors".[416] Rosen and his deputy Richard Donoghue rejected the suggestion, as the Department had previously determined and announced that there was no significant fraud.[417] On January 3, Clark revealed to Rosen that Trump intended to appoint him in Rosen's place. Rosen, Donoghue, and head of the Office of Legal Counsel Steven Engel made a pact to resign if Rosen was removed. Confronted with the threat of mass resignations, the president backed away from the plan.[413][418] In early August 2021, Rosen and Donoghue told the Justice Department inspector general and members of the Senate Judiciary Committee that Clark attempted to help Trump subvert the election.[419][420] Rosen also told the Committee that Trump opened a January 3 Oval Office meeting with Rosen, Donoghue and Clark by saying, "One thing we know is you, Rosen, aren't going to do anything to overturn the election".[421]

During the closing weeks of the Trump presidency, White House chief of staff Mark Meadows sent multiple emails to Rosen, asking him to investigate conspiracy theories, including that satellites had been used from Italy to remotely switch votes from Trump to Biden. Rosen did not open the investigation.[422]

Preparations by chief of staff

During the days leading up to January 6, Chief of Staff Mark Meadows sent messages in support of preparing alternate Republican electors to replace those in some states in which Biden might win. He also claimed in an email that the National Guard would be ready to "protect pro Trump people".[423]

Additionally, a PowerPoint presentation on how the election could be overturned was sent by email to Meadows on January 5. The presentation, circulated by retired Army Colonel Phil Waldron[424] and apparently inspired by the ideas of Jovan Hutton Pulitzer, alleged foreign interference in the election and recommended that the president declare a national emergency to delay the certification, that Pence provide alternate electors, and that the military count votes. When Meadows was subpoenaed in September 2021 by the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack, he provided the document to the Committee and stated that he had not acted on the plan it described.[425][426] Of the broader context, U.S. Representative Ro Khanna said on December 15: "There were 20, 30 people who knew about it and were close to going through with it".[427]

More pressure on Pence

In early January 2021, Trump and his supporters continued to pressure Pence into aiding their attempts to overturn election results during the January 6 certification. In early January, Trump criticized Pence for being "too honest" and warned him that people would "hate" him and believe he was "stupid".[428]

On January 1, Trump aide John McEntee sent a memo to Pence's chief of staff, Marc Short, titled "Jefferson used his position as VP to win", suggesting that Pence could emulate Thomas Jefferson by taking the actions encouraged by Trump and his supporters.[353]

On January 2 in an appearance on Fox News, Trump aide Peter Navarro claimed that Pence had authority to delay election certification and to require an audit of the states' election results.[429] Navarro, a promoter of the Green Bay Sweep, was intimately involved with the election-overturn effort. His remarks elicited a public response from the Vice President's office.[430]

On January 3, Eastman memos author John Eastman briefed Marc Short and vice-presidential counsel Greg Jacob on the arguments he had been presenting to Trump about the Vice President's certification role.[347]

On January 4, Trump tweeted, "the vice president has the power to reject fraudulently chosen electors".[431]

Later that day, Trump told an audience of thousands at a January 4 rally in Georgia, "I hope Mike Pence comes through for us ... Of course, if he doesn't come through, I won't like him quite as much".[431]

On January 4 and 5, Trump met with Pence at the White House several times, attempting to persuade Pence to act as recommended by the Eastman memos; Eastman was present for at least one of the meetings.[432][339]

Also, on January 5 – following a January 2 call between Trump, Giuliani, Eastman, and about 300 state legislators – several dozen of those legislators from five key states wrote to Pence and requested a 10-day delay of certification to allow reconsideration of the electoral results previously certified by those state legislatures.[109]

Also on January 5, Eastman communicated with Jacob.[347] That day, Jacob wrote a memo to Pence stating that Eastman's plan would violate multiple provisions of the Electoral Count Act and would assuredly be blocked in court, or if not considered by a court, would create an unprecedented political crisis and "the vice president would likely find himself in an isolated standoff against both houses of Congress...with no neutral arbiter available to break the impasse".[433]

On January 5 or the early morning of January 6, after hearing from Pence and that he did not agree that the Vice President's power extended to actions that would change election results, Trump issued a statement falsely claiming that Pence was "in total agreement" with his contention that "the vice president has the power to act".[339]

On January 6 in the morning, Trump called Pence and again attempted to secure his cooperation. Trump reportedly told Pence, "You can either go down in history as a patriot or you can go down in history as a pussy".[432]

On January 6 at the rally preceding the 2021 United States Capitol attack, Trump said, "If Mike Pence does the right thing, we win the election", "Mike Pence is going to have to come through for us, and if he doesn't, that will be a sad day for our country", and "All Vice President Pence has to do is send it back to the states to recertify and we become president ...".[434]

Other speakers at the January 6 rally, notably Giuliani and Eastman, also highlighted the actions being requested of Pence.[435] After the rally, during the 2021 United States Capitol attack, rioters chanted "Hang Mike Pence" and displayed gallows complete with a hanging noose.

During the Capitol attack on January 6, Eastman emailed Jacob, who was with Pence in the Capitol, saying that the siege was occurring "because YOU and your boss did not do what was necessary".[372]

Also, during the January 6 Capitol attack and resulting interruption of the certification process, Trump tweeted, "Mike Pence didn't have the courage to do what should have been done to protect our Country and our Constitution".[432]

The certification process was interrupted for about 5 hours and 53 minutes (from 2:13 p.m. to 8:06 p.m.).

In a meeting arranged by Senior presidential advisor Jared Kushner, Trump and Pence met each other on January 11 for the purpose of reconciliation.[436]

January 6 joint session

Senate efforts

In December 2020, several Republican members of the House, led by Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama,[33][437] as well as Republican senator Josh Hawley of Missouri,[438] declared that they would formally object to the counting of the electoral votes of five swing states won by Biden during the January 6, 2021, joint session.[33][378][437] The objections would then trigger votes from both houses.[378] At least 140 House Republicans reportedly planned to vote against the counting of electoral votes, despite the lack of any credible allegation of an irregularity that would have impacted the election, and the allegations' rejections by courts, election officials, the Electoral College and others,[33] and despite the fact that almost all of the Republican objectors had "just won elections in the very same balloting they are now claiming was fraudulently administered".[116]

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who on December 15 had acknowledged Biden's victory the day after the Electoral College vote, privately urged his Republican Senate colleagues not to join efforts by some House Republicans to challenge the vote count,[33] but he was unable to persuade Hawley not to lodge an objection.[439] Hawley used his objection stance in fundraising emails.[440][441] Eleven Republican senators and senators-elect Ted Cruz, Ron Johnson, James Lankford, Steve Daines, John Kennedy, Marsha Blackburn, Mike Braun, Cynthia Lummis, Roger Marshall, Bill Hagerty, and Tommy Tuberville – one-quarter of Senate Republicans – announced that they would join Hawley's challenge. However, many senators acknowledged that it would not succeed. On January 2, 2021, Vice President Pence had expressed support for the attempt to overturn Biden's victory. Neither Pence nor the 11 senators planning to object made any specific allegation of fraud; rather, they vaguely suggested that some wrongdoing might have taken place.[116] Other Senate Republicans were noncommittal or opposed to the attempt by the 11 Republican senators to subvert the election results.[439]

Objections to the electoral votes had virtually no chance of success, as Democrats had a majority in the House of Representatives[33] and, although the Senate had a Republican majority, there was no majority for overturning the election results.[439] Trevor Potter, a Republican former chairman of the Federal Election Commission and the president of the Campaign Legal Center, wrote that the counting joint session "gives Trump's die-hard supporters in Congress an opportunity to again provide more disinformation about the election on national television".[378] After Senator John Thune, the second highest-ranking Senate Republican, said that the challenge to the election results would fail "like a shot dog" in the Senate, Trump attacked him on Twitter.[116][442]

In early January, Trump began to pressure Pence to take action to overturn the election. As vice president, Pence presides over the Congressional session to count the electoral votes – normally a non-controversial, ceremonial event. For days beforehand, Trump demanded both in public and in private that Pence use that position to overturn the election results in swing states and declare Trump–Pence the winners of the election.[443] Pence demurred that the law does not give him that power, but Trump insisted that "The vice president and I are in total agreement that the vice president has the power to act".[339] Pence ultimately released a statement stating: "It is my considered judgment that my oath to support and defend the Constitution constrains me from claiming unilateral authority to determine which electoral votes should be counted and which should not".[444]

An hour before the joint session was set to start, the president's lawyer Rudy Giuliani tried to call freshman senator Tommy Tuberville but accidentally left a message in the voicemail of another senator, which was subsequently leaked to The Dispatch, stating that "we need you, our Republican friends, to try to just slow it down ... So if you could object to every state and, along with a congressman, get a hearing for every state, I know we would delay you a lot, but it would give us the opportunity to get the legislators who are very, very close to pulling their vote ... they have written letters asking that you guys adjourn and send them back the questionable ones and they'll fix them up".[445][446]

House votes

At the January 6 session, after Republican senators had raised objections to Biden's electoral victory, the House debated and voted. A majority of Republicans, totaling 139 and including Republican leader Kevin McCarthy and his deputy Steve Scalise, voted to support at least one objection.[447][448]

Report by Rep. Zoe Lofgren

At the end of February 2021, Democratic Rep. Zoe Lofgren, chair of the House Administration Committee, released a nearly 2,000-page report that examined the social media posts between election night and January 6 of Republican leaders who had voted against certifying the election results, writing "Many of former President Trump's false statements were made in very public settings. Had Members made similar public statements in the weeks and months before the January 6th attack? Statements which are readily available in the public arena may be part of any consideration of Congress' constitutional prerogatives and responsibilities."[449]

Capitol attack

Protesters on Capitol grounds, January 6, 2021
Rioters attacking the Capitol

Starting in December, Trump repeatedly encouraged his supporters to protest in Washington, D.C., on January 6 in support of his campaign to overturn the election results,[450] telling his supporters to "Be there, will be wild!".[451] The Washington Post editorial board criticized Trump for urging street protests, referring to previous violence by some Trump supporters at two rallies and his statement during a presidential debate telling the Proud Boys to "stand back and stand by".[452] Multiple groups of die-hard Trump supporters staged rallies in Washington on that day: Women for America First; the Eighty Percent Coalition (also at Freedom Plaza) (the group's name refers to the belief that approximately 80% of Trump voters do not accept the legitimacy of Biden's win); and "The Silent Majority" (a group organized by a South Carolina conservative activist).[450][453] George Papadopoulos and Roger Stone, ardent allies of Trump, headlined some of the events. In addition to the formally organized events, the Proud Boys, other far-right groups, and white supremacists vowed to descend on Washington on January 6, with some threatening violence and pledging to carry weapons.[450] Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio said that his followers would "be incognito" and would "spread across downtown DC in smaller teams".[453] On January 4, Tarrio was arrested by District police on misdemeanor and felony charges.[454]

As the certification process was underway, Trump gave a speech encouraging his supporters to march to the Capitol. Many of them did, whereupon they joined other protesters already gathered in the area and violently breached and stormed the Capitol, eventually entering the Senate chamber as well as numerous offices. The Congressional proceedings were suspended, the legislators were taken to secure locations, and Nancy Pelosi was evacuated.[455] Protestors penetrated the Senate chamber.[456] One unarmed woman was shot and killed by Capitol Police inside the Capitol building after she attempted to climb through a broken door into the Speaker's Lobby, leading to the House chamber; the officer who shot her was placed on administrative leave pending an investigation, and was ultimately cleared of any wrongdoing.[457][458] Another rioter died of a drug overdose, and three succumbed to natural causes.[459] A Capitol Police officer died from a stroke the next day.[460]

As the attack progressed, Pence was evacuated from the Senate chamber to a basement room, as Trump tweeted, "Mike Pence didn't have the courage to do what should have been done to protect our Country and our Constitution". The Secret Service prepared to evacuate Pence to Andrews Air Force Base. Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker reported in their book I Alone Can Fix It that Pence was brought to his armored limousine but told his security chief Tim Giebels, "I'm not leaving the Capitol...If I get in that vehicle, you guys are taking off. I'm not getting in the car." Pence remained at the Capitol and certified the election results late that night.[461][462][463]

On January 3, 2022, Newsweek reported, for the first time, the deployment of undercover commandos at the Capitol on January 6, 2021, to manage the "most extreme possibilities", including an attack on President Donald Trump or Vice President Mike Pence.[464][citation needed]

According to a January 3, 2022, CNN News report, the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack has learned that Trump did nothing to stop the attack as it was unfolding. Leaders of the committee Bennie Thompson (D-MS) and Liz Cheney (R-WY) have characterized his failure to intervene, despite being asked to do so, as "dereliction of duty".[465] In April 2022, Cheney stated:

It's absolutely clear that what President Trump was doing, what a number of people around him were doing, that they knew it was unlawful ... I think what we have seen is a massive and well-organized and well-planned effort that used multiple tools to try to overturn an election.[466][467]

Trump operatives breach Coffee County, Georgia election system

On January 1, 2021, lawyers on Trump's team asked a Georgia tech firm to assist them in looking into voting systems in Coffee County, Georgia.[468] On January 7, one of the fake electors in Georgia escorted two Trump operatives into the county's election office, and the Trump team copied data from the office.[469]

Fani Willis examined this incident as part of the 2020 Georgia election investigation. On August 14, 2023, Trump and 18 co-defendants were indicted in the Georgia case, and four of the 19 defendants—Sidney Powell, Misty Hampton, Cathleen Latham, and Scott G. Hall—were charged in the Coffee County breach.[470]

Lindell memo

On January 15, Trump ally and My Pillow CEO Mike Lindell visited the White House, where he was photographed carrying notes that appeared to suggest an additional attempt to overturn the election.[471] The document bore a heading containing the words "taken immediately to save ... Constitution"[472] and called for 780th Military Intelligence Brigade (Cyber) civilian lawyer[471] "Frank Colon NOW as Acting National Security [illegible]", and mentioned the "Insurrection Act" and "martial law".[471] It further recommended "[m]ov[ing] Kash Patel to CIA Acting"[473] and made reference to Trump loyalist Sidney Powell.[474]

Later developments

Taxpayer costs

According to a Washington Post assessment published February 6, 2021, Trump's falsehoods about fraud had cost taxpayers more than half a billion dollars in spending to enhance security, resolve legal disputes and repair property, among other things.[475]

Security concerns over March 4, 2021

Security was bolstered in Washington, D.C., in preparation for March 4, which QAnon adherents, adopting a false belief from sovereign citizen ideology, believed would be the day Trump was re-inaugurated as president.[476] The House prematurely ended its work for the week following an announcement by the Capitol Police of intelligence on a "possible plot" by an identified militia group to breach the Capitol building on that day.[477] Ultimately, March 4 passed without any serious incidents being reported.

Election audits

Alleging fraud, during 2021 Republicans initiated or proposed audits in several states, in addition to the election audits done normally in some states, which do not always include the presidency.

An audit in Maricopa County, Arizona that began in April inspired Republicans in other states to pursue similar efforts, with some calling for audits in all fifty states.[478][479] More than a year after the election, Trump supporters continued to pressure state election officials to investigate or decertify the outcome, even in states where Trump won by a large margin.[480]

An Associated Press analysis published in December 2021 examined every potential case of voter fraud in the six battleground states that Trump had challenged. The analysis found 473 potential incidents. Even if all the incidents involved votes for Biden, which they did not, and involved ballots that were actually counted, which they did not, the number was far smaller than would have been necessary to change the election outcome. The analysis found no evidence of organized fraud but rather in virtually every case it involved an individual acting alone.[481]

Arizona

On March 31, 2021, the Arizona Senate Republican caucus hired four firms to perform an audit of the presidential ballots in Maricopa County, with a Florida-based company called Cyber Ninjas being the lead firm.[482] There was no stated purpose of overturning the election, and there is no mechanism under the Constitution by which the Congressional certification of the result could be reversed. Arizona Senate President Karen Fann said that the audit was not intended to overturn the state's election results, including at a July 15 hearing.[483] Nevertheless, Trump and some of his supporters expressed the hope that the Arizona result would be changed and that there might be a "domino effect" in which other states changed their results.[484]

The auditors released a report on September 24, 2021, finding no proof of fraud and that their ballot recount increased Biden's margin of victory by 360 votes.[485][486][487] Following the audit, Arizona Governor Doug Ducey rejected calls for the state's election to be decertified or overturned.[488]

In January 2022, Maricopa County election officials released a final report finding nearly every claim the auditors made was false or misleading.[489] The next day, Cyber Ninjas announced it was shutting down, as a Maricopa County judge imposed a $50,000 contempt fine on the company for every day it refused to hand over documents as it had been ordered to do months earlier.[490]

After a six-month investigation into alleged fraud by Maricopa County election officials in the 2020 presidential election, Arizona attorney general Mark Brnovich said in April 2022 that he found no proof of fraud.[491] He released an interim report claiming that "serious vulnerabilities" had been identified, omitting his investigators' findings to the contrary and withholding the more complete report. Brnovich was succeeded by Kris Mayes. When Brnovich left office in January 2023, Mayes released the more complete report that had been written during Brnovich's tenure showing that none of the allegations against the Maricopa County election board had merit.[492]

On April 23, 2024, Arizona indicted 11 fake electors and seven Trump allies and described five unindicted coconspirators.

Georgia

A group called VoterGA filed a lawsuit requesting to examine by microscope 150,000 Fulton County ballots that it asserted might be counterfeit. The suit arose after four Republican auditors involved with the November 2020 statewide audit and manual recount claimed to see what they asserted were "pristine" absentee ballots which they suspected might have been computer-generated, though an October 2021 investigation by the Georgia secretary of state's office found that there were no counterfeit ballots in the batches named by the complainants.[493] After an initial ruling in favor of the suit by a superior court judge in May 2021, it was ultimately dismissed in October because the plaintiffs "failed to allege a particularized injury". The dismissal of the suit marked the end of the last remaining lawsuit challenging the Georgia election results until another suit making largely the same argument was subsequently filed. In December 2021, that suit was joined by David Perdue, who had announced his candidacy for Georgia governor days earlier. Perdue lost his bid to be reelected as a United States senator in 2020 and asserted that he, like Trump, had been cheated.[494][495][496][497]

Trump had claimed that about 5,000 dead people had voted in Georgia, but an examination by the State Election Board released in December 2021 found that four absentee ballots of dead people had been mailed in by relatives.[498]

Idaho

In September 2021, Bonner County, Idaho announced it would perform a recount of ballots cast in the election, in response to an allegation by election conspiracy theorist Mike Lindell that all 44 Idaho counties had been digitally hacked. Lindell provided a detailed list of IP addresses he asserted had been compromised. County Clerk Mike Rosedale stated that all county voting machines were fully airgapped from the Internet, also noting that seven Idaho counties don't use voting machines. Lindell alleged that a specific formula had been applied by hackers to flip votes from Trump to Biden. Rosedale said Lindell had not contacted his office before presenting his allegations.[499] The Bonner audit, and audits of two other counties that don't use voting machines, affirmed the accuracy of the ballot count. Chief Deputy Secretary of State Chad Houck said Lindell would be sent a bill for the audits.[500][501][importance?]

Pennsylvania

The Republican Commissioners agreed to a ballot audit in Fulton County, PA due to a subpoena threat from State Senator Doug Mastriano.[502][503] Fulton County's audit was funded by Defending The Republic an organization founded by Trump's lawyer Sidney Powell.[504] Defying a directive from the State's Board of Elections, the County allowed Wake Technology Services, Inc. to access voting machines. The company had originally performed the hand recount in Maricopa County's ballot audit.[505] The original draft of its audit report concluded that Fulton's "election was well run [and] followed all Commonwealth and Federal guidelines."[502] At a state Senate hearing, the Republican chairman of Fulton County's Board of Commissioners testified that his county's audit found nothing wrong.[506]

By August 2021, Pennsylvania Republican lawmakers were preparing to hold formal hearings on the election and conduct a "full forensic investigation". Prior to the investigation, Senate President Jake Corman made a statement asserting that the investigation is not meant to overturn the results of Pennsylvania's election and that the legislature does not have the authority to do so.[507] The next month, Republicans approved subpoenas for a wide range of personal information on millions of voters who cast votes in the May primary and November general election. Republicans intended to hire private firms to manage the data.[508][509][510] On September 23, 2021, Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro filed a lawsuit seeking to block the subpoenas from being issued.[511] On October 7, 2021, Corman said that he accepted the results of the election but also reaffirmed his support for the investigation.[512][needs update]

Texas

The Texas attorney general's office, led by ardent Trump ally Ken Paxton, spent more than 22,000 staff hours investigating potential voting fraud in 2020. The investigation identified and prosecuted sixteen cases of false addresses on voter registration forms, among nearly 17 million registered voters in the state. This was half as many cases as two years earlier. A 2021 investigation found only three prosecutable cases among all elections in the state.[513][514]

In September 2021, hours after Trump wrote to Texas governor Greg Abbott demanding an audit of the state's election results, the Texas secretary of state's office announced that audits had begun in four major counties. County officials and others in the secretary of state's office initially said they were unaware of any audit underway.[515]

The audits were conducted by secretary of state John Scott, whom Abbott appointed in October 2021. Scott is a former state litigator who briefly joined Trump's legal team in 2020 to challenge the election results. He released preliminary findings of the audits in December 2021 that found few issues, including 17 votes cast by deceased voters and 60 cross-state duplicate votes among 3.9 million ballots cast. The duplicate votes remained under investigation.[516][517][needs update]

Wisconsin

By May 2021, state election officials had identified 27 potential cases of voting fraud among 3.3 million ballots cast. Sixteen of those cases involved people using a UPS Store rather than their residence for their mailing address.[518]

Trump and his allies filed multiple lawsuits challenging Wisconsin election results but lost all of them, including a series of decisions by the state Supreme Court. State Republicans initiated multiple types of investigations beginning in February 2021. That month, the Republican majority legislature voted to direct the nonpartisan Legislative Audit Bureau to conduct an examination of some election procedures.[519]

In May 2021, Robin Vos, the Republican speaker of the Wisconsin state assembly, hired three retired police officers and an attorney to examine reported tips of potential election irregularities.[520]

Janel Brandtjen, who chairs the Assembly elections committee, opened a "forensic audit" modeled after the Maricopa County, Arizona audit. She had traveled to Arizona to review that audit. Brandtjen issued subpoenas to two major counties for ballots and voting machines, but they were rejected because Vos had not signed them, as required by law. Vos indicated he did not intend to sign the subpoenas, which requested information that doesn't exist or doesn't apply to Wisconsin elections. Milwaukee County Clerk George Christenson asserted the subpoena he received was "clearly a cut and paste job" from similar election-related legal moves by Republicans in other states.[521]

In June 2021, Vos selected Republican former Wisconsin Supreme Court justice Michael Gableman to conduct an investigation of the election.[522] Gableman had been considered for a position in the Trump administration in 2017.[523] Soon after the election, Gableman had voiced conspiracy theories about the outcome and had attended an August conference hosted by election conspiracy theorist Mike Lindell. He also consulted Shiva Ayyadurai, a conspiracy theorist whose work on the Arizona audit was discredited. Gableman issued subpoenas, later withdrawn, some of which contained errors and requested information that was already public. He later stated, "Most people, myself included, do not have a comprehensive understanding or even any understanding of how elections work". Gableman sent emails to election officials across the state asking them to retain information, but they came from a Gmail account associated with a different name and in some cases were blocked as a security concern or spam. Gableman compared a newspaper's coverage of his investigation to Nazi propaganda. In October, the office of Wisconsin attorney general Josh Kaul sent Gableman a nine-page letter characterizing the investigation as unlawful and called for it to be closed.[524][525][521]

On October 22, 2021, the nonpartisan Legislative Audit Bureau released their findings of an audit ordered by Republicans in February 2021. The findings reported that there was no evidence of widespread voter fraud, and that State Senator Robert Cowles said that the election was "safe and secure". State Senator Kathy Bernier said that the audit found no evidence of any "attempt at vote fraud".[526]

A ten-month review by the conservative Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty found in December 2021 that certain election procedures weren't adequately followed, but there was "little direct evidence of fraud, and for the most part, an analysis of the results and voting patterns does not give rise to an inference of fraud".[527]

Gableman's 13-month investigation found no evidence of election fraud and cost taxpayers $2 million. Vos fired Gableman and multiple parties referred him to the Office of Lawyer Regulation of the Wisconsin Supreme Court on ethics complaints.[528]

Mike Lindell reinstatement prediction

On March 29, 2021, businessman and Trump supporter Mike Lindell predicted on Steve Bannon's podcast that Trump would be back in office on "August 13", the day after his three-day cyber fraud conference in Sioux Falls, stating "it'll be the talk of the world". When President Joe Biden remained in office, Lindell moved his prediction for Trump's return to September 30, and then to the end of 2021.[529][530]

Senate report on Trump's efforts to overturn the election

Senate Judiciary Committee report

On October 7, 2021, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary published their report on Trump's efforts to pressure the Department of Justice to overturn the results of the 2020 election.[531]

Election law reform efforts

The controversies surrounding the election prompted calls to improve federal election laws. The Democratic led House of Representatives passed the For the People Act on March 3, 2019, but it was blocked from being heard in the Republican-led Senate by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.[532][original research?]

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was passed on December 23, 2022.[533] The Enhanced Election Security and Protection Act was also proposed in July 2022[534] but was not passed.[535]

Post-election voter restriction efforts by Republicans

Following the 2020 United States presidential election and the unsuccessful attempts by Donald Trump and various other Republican officials to overturn it, Republican lawmakers initiated a sweeping effort to make voting laws more restrictive within several states across the country.[536][537] According to the Brennan Center for Justice, as of October 4, 2021, more than 425 bills that would restrict voting access have been introduced in 49 states—with 33 of these bills enacted across 19 states so far.[538] The bills are largely centered around limiting mail-in voting, strengthening voter ID laws, shortening early voting, eliminating automatic and same-day voter registration, curbing the use of ballot drop boxes, and allowing for increased purging of voter rolls.[539][540] Republicans in at least eight states have also introduced bills that would give lawmakers greater power over election administration after they were unsuccessful in their attempts to overturn election results in swing states won by Democratic candidate Joe Biden in the 2020 election.[541][542][543][544] The efforts garnered press attention and public outrage from Democrats, and by 2023 Republicans had adopted a more "under the radar" approach to achieve their goals.[545]

Impact on secretaries of state

In multiple U.S. states, officials who work for the secretary of state received threats following the election and were still receiving threats as of October 2021. Law enforcement generally was not prepared to provide ongoing security for these officials, as their positions had never before been considered high-risk.[546]

House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

In July 2021, the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack was formed, largely along party lines.[547]

At the first public hearing on June 9, 2022, the committee said that Trump had engaged in a seven-part conspiracy to overturn a free and fair democratic election,[548][549] and they discussed it in the hearings that followed. According to Bennie Thompson, chair of the committee: "Jan. 6 was the culmination of an attempted coup, a brazen attempt, as one rioter put it shortly after Jan. 6, to overthrow the government ... The violence was no accident. It represents Trump's last stand, most desperate chance to halt the transfer of power." Trump, according to the committee, "lied to the American people, ignored all evidence refuting his false fraud claims, pressured state and federal officials to throw out election results favoring his challenger, encouraged a violent mob to storm the Capitol and even signaled support for the execution of his own vice president".[548][549] On October 21, 2022, the committee subpoenaed Trump's testimony and relevant records.[550] He sued the committee and never testified.[551][552] On December 19, 2022, the committee criminally referred him to the Justice Department,[51] though the Justice Department was already investigating.

2021 German federal election

During the 2021 German federal election, the Center for Monitoring, Analysis and Strategy (CeMAS) found that false claims of voter fraud had become commonplace on Telegram in Germany, with accusations against Dominion Voting Systems being common despite the company's technology not being used in German elections.[h] CeMAS researcher Miro Dittrich said, "We have seen far-right actors try to claim election fraud since at least 2016, but it didn't take off. When Trump started telling the 'big lie,' it became a big issue in Germany, sometimes bigger than the pandemic, because far-right groups and the AfD are carefully monitoring the success Trump is having with this narrative."[554]

Justice Department investigations

By March 2022, Justice Department investigations of participants in the Capitol attack had expanded to include activities of Trump's inner circle leading up to the attack. A federal grand jury was empaneled that issued at least one subpoena seeking records about people who organized, spoke at, or provided security at Trump rallies, as well as information about members of the executive and legislative branches who may have taken part in planning or executing the rallies, or attempted to "obstruct, influence, impede or delay" the certification of the election.[555][556]

Civil lawsuits

In May 2022, a civil lawsuit was filed in Dane County, Wisconsin, against the ten Trump supporters who had presented themselves as alternate electors for that state.[557]

Continuing subversion efforts and 2024 predictions

To sow election doubt, Trump has escalated use of "rigged election" and "election interference" statements in advance of the 2024 election compared to the previous two elections—the statements described as part of a "heads I win; tails you cheated" rhetorical strategy.[86]

As of 2024, Trump has publicly continued to insist that the 2020 election was rigged and stolen, while still providing no evidence.[558] It has been reported that Trump had admitted his loss to a group of historians in mid-2021, saying, "We had a deal all set, and then when the election was rigged and lost, what happened is that the deal went away".[58]

On September 27, 2021, American legal scholar Laurence Tribe and colleagues described the legal background of the attempt to overturn the 2020 election, and named possible ways of averting the use of such a strategy in the future.[559] On December 23, 2021, Tribe and colleagues wrote that Attorney General Merrick Garland ought to be "holding the leaders of the Jan. 6 insurrection – all of them – to account" to "teach the next generation that no one is above the law".[560]

Joshua Keating warned that the playbook used up until this point to challenges the legitimacy of election results could result in a 'coup trap,' where countries suffering a coup attempt are more likely to see another.[561][562] On December 17, 2021, The Washington Post published an opinion piece by three retired generals on the need to be prepared for a possible insurrection in 2024.[563]

The New York Times reported later in April 2022 that Trump supporters were continuing to seek ways to overturn the election. John Eastman, state and federal legislators, and right-wing news outlets continued to press for state legislatures to rescind electoral votes for Biden, and to bring new lawsuits asserting large-scale voting fraud. The Times reported that Trump was privately insisting he could be returned to power as he also continued to consider another run for the presidency in 2024. Legal experts expressed concerns that efforts were being made to undermine public confidence in democracy to lay the groundwork for baselessly challenging future elections. Former federal appeals court judge J. Michael Luttig, a prominent conservative attorney for whom Eastman clerked, remarked:

At the moment, there is no other way to say it: This is the clearest and most present danger to our democracy. Trump and his supporters in Congress and in the states are preparing now to lay the groundwork to overturn the election in 2024 were Trump, or his designee, to lose the vote for the presidency.[60][564]

On May 1, 2022, investigations by the House Select Committee into fundraising efforts by the Republican National Committee, based on their promotion of Trump's "big lie", have been supported by a federal judge.[565]

On May 22, 2022, The New York Times presented a detailed analysis of the continuing efforts by Trump and his allies to further promote "the big lie" and related lies in their attempts to overturn and influence future elections, including those in 2022 and 2024.[566][567]

In June 2022, the Republican Party in Texas adopted a statement that the election was illegitimate into its official party platform.[568]

On July 9, 2022, after the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruling that ballot dropboxes must be placed inside election clerks' offices in the future, Trump called Wisconsin House Speaker Robin Vos and complained about dropboxes in the 2020 election. Vos said he told Trump that such an attempt to overturn the 2020 election was unconstitutional. Trump posted to Truth Social: "It's now up to Robin Vos to do what everybody knows must be done".[569]

On August 29, 2022, Trump stated on Truth Social that he should be declared the president, or at least a new election should be held.[570]

On December 3, 2022, following the release of information by Twitter CEO Elon Musk documenting Twitter executives' discussion of previously disclosed content moderation relating to the New York Post's story regarding Hunter Biden, Trump made comments on Truth Social suggesting the "termination" of the United States Constitution in order to overturn the outcome of the 2020 election.[571]

At 2023 campaign events, Trump predicted (without evidence) there would be voter fraud benefiting Democrats in the 2024 election.[572]

Post-election allegations of statistical improbabilities

In the aftermath of the election, numerous claims were made and began to circulate, stating that serious anomalies could be found, suggesting an election fraud. However, a paper entitled "No Evidence For Voter Fraud: A Guide To Statistical Claims About The 2020 Election" written by Justin Grimmer, Haritz Garro and Andrew C. Eggers, was published by the conservative Hoover Institution (February 3, 2021) concluded that the statistics used to "claim some election facts would be unlikely if there had been no fraud" were either not accurate in the first place or if they were accurate, weren't really surprising.[573]

The Washington Post reported in February 2023 that soon after the election the Trump campaign paid researchers from Berkeley Research Group to examine a wide range of indicators that might suggest the election had been stolen. Trump, Meadows and others were briefed on the findings in December 2020. The analysis found no significant irregularities beyond those commonly found in all elections, and nothing that might have changed the election outcome. The findings were never publicly disclosed, though the Justice Department obtained the analysis and the Smith special counsel investigation examined the matter.[574][575][576] The Post reported in April 2023 that the Trump campaign had hired a second firm, Simpatico Software Systems, days after the election to examine fraud allegations. The company delivered a report late in 2020, finding no evidence of fraud. The company's founder was subpoenaed for testimony by the Smith special counsel investigation in early 2023.[577]

Reactions

Republican critiques of the "big lie"

Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower – it was a coup in search of a legal theory... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.
Judge David O. Carter, United States district court[578][467]

Administration dissenters

Hope Hicks told Trump to "move on". Trump replied, "Well, Hope doesn't believe in me". Hicks said, "No, I don't. Nobody's convinced me otherwise."[436]

Kellyanne Conway claimed in her book that she told Trump privately to accept the loss, and he told her in response to "go back to your crazy husband".[436]

Matthew Pottinger, a leading aide on Trump's China policy, quickly quit in what two sources said was an act of protest against the president's response to the rioting. He was followed by at least five other senior foreign policy aides. Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao, who is married to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, and Education Secretary Betsy DeVos also resigned in protest.[579]

In June 2022, Ivanka Trump told the panel of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack that she does not believe the election was stolen and accepted William Barr's conclusion that voter fraud claims have "zero basis".[580]

Consistent critics

In 2021, The Republican Accountability Project estimated that 6% of national Republicans politicians consistently stood-up for democracy.[581] Other prominent Republicans who spoke out against attempts to subvert the election results included Governor Larry Hogan of Maryland, former House Speaker Paul Ryan, and Representative Liz Cheney of Wyoming, the third-highest-ranking Republican in the House.[582] Former Republican governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, wrote in The Economist that "President Donald Trump's actions to destroy faith in our elections and throw centuries of American principles out the window must be met with universal condemnation from all political leaders, regardless of party".[583]

Longtime Republican strategist Steve Schmidt stated: "The Republican Party is an organized conspiracy for the purposes of maintaining power for self-interest, and the self-interest of its donor class... It's no longer dedicated to American democracy".[584][585][586][587]

All ten living former secretaries of defense – including Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and Robert Gates – published an essay on January 3, 2021, stating: "The time for questioning the results has passed; the time for the formal counting of the electoral college votes, as prescribed in the Constitution and statute, has arrived". They also warned of grave consequences of any contemplated military involvement in the situation.[326][588]

A former communications director for Senator Ted Cruz told reporters that "the new Ted Cruz, post-Trump, is one I don't recognize...his actions directly played into the hands of the mob".[589][relevant?]

Others

At least eight sitting Republican senators,[i] members of the second Bush administration,[j] and former members of the Trump administration condemned Trump's claims of fraud[when?].[k]

House Minority leader Kevin McCarthy initially spoke against Trump's schemes as "doomed to fail" before the attack. During the attack, he implored Trump to intervene. Six days after the attack, he said in a radio interview that he supported a bipartisan commission and grand jury to investigate and that Trump "told me personally that he does have some responsibility". The next day, he stated on the House floor that Trump "bears responsibility for Wednesday's attack on Congress by mob rioters". However, after meeting with Trump at Mar-a-Lago on January 28, 2021, the tone of McCarthy's public comments "changed markedly". McCarthy ultimately opposed the formation of a bipartisan January 6 commission and the House committee.[602][603][604]

The New York Post, which had promoted Trump's celebrity in New York since the 1980s[605] and had twice endorsed his presidential candidacy, published a front-page editorial in December asking the president to "stop the insanity" and "end this dark charade", asserting that he was "cheering for an undemocratic coup". The editorial continued: "If you insist on spending your final days in office threatening to burn it all down, that will be how you are remembered. Not as a revolutionary, but as the anarchist holding the match." The Post characterized his former national security advisor Michael Flynn's suggestion to declare martial law as "tantamount to treason".

The Wall Street Journal editorial board on December 20, 2020, wrote "As he leaves office he can't seem to help reminding Americans why they denied him a second term" and "his sore loser routine is beginning to grate even on millions who voted for him".[606][607][608]

In 2011, Fox News created a "Monday Mornings with Trump" segment during which Trump would call in to Fox & Friends to offer his views on current affairs, and the hosts of that program continued to be supportive of Trump during his presidency.[609] On January 4, 2021, host Ainsley Earhardt stated that many conservatives "feel like it was rigged", although host Steve Doocy responded: "That's the case that Donald Trump and his lawyers have put out. They said there is all this evidence. But they haven't really produced the evidence." Host Brian Kilmeade stated that he had another "worry" about "the protest the president is calling for on Tuesday and Wednesday [as Congress convened to certify the election results]. I mean, this is the type of anarchy that doesn't work for anybody, Republicans or Democrats, in the big picture."[610][611]

Description as attempted coup

Before the Capitol attack

Multiple media outlets[l] characterized the efforts as an attempted coup. A number of scholars and pundits preferred to use the more precise term autocoup.[625][626][627][628]

On November 14, Jonathan Powell argued that any illegal or unconstitutional attempts to overturn the results would make it a coup.[628] On December 7, Daniel Drezner argued that violence would be necessary for the coup definition to be met.[629] When news broke about Trump's December 27, 2020 call with Rosen telling the Justice Department to say the election was "corrupt and leave the rest to me", Ari Melber on MSNBC described Trump's activities up through that time as a soft coup.[630] On a January 4, 2021 podcast, Steve Bannon, while discussing the planning for the upcoming events and speech by Trump on January 6 at The Ellipse, said: "Live from our nation's capital, you're in the field headquarters of one of the small divisions of the bloodless coup".[631][632]

According to a July 2021 book by Washington Post reporters Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig, during the weeks following the election, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley became concerned that Trump was preparing to stage a coup, and held informal discussions with his deputies about possible ways to thwart it, telling associates: "They may try, but they're not going to fucking succeed. You can't do this without the military. You can't do this without the CIA and the FBI. We're the guys with the guns." The book also quoted Milley saying: "This is a Reichstag moment. The gospel of the Führer." Milley reportedly told police and military officials preparing to secure Joe Biden's presidential inauguration: "Everyone in this room, whether you're a cop, whether you're a soldier, we're going to stop these guys to make sure we have a peaceful transfer of power. We're going to put a ring of steel around this city and the Nazis aren't getting in." The book also stated that a friend told Milley they were concerned that Trump's allies were attempting to "overturn the government".[633][634]

During or after the Capitol attack

Representative Adam Kinzinger (R-IL),[635] as well as New York Attorney General Letitia James[636] described the event as a coup attempt. On March 28, 2022, United States district court Judge David O. Carter ordered Attorney John Eastman to hand over documents to the house select committee. In the court's opinion, Judge Carter wrote that Eastman and Trump's campaign was "a coup in search of a legal theory".[578] Later that day, US Representative Bennie Thompson (D-MS), chairman of House January 6th committee, read the relevant paragraph of Judge Carter's opinion into the committee record.[637][638][relevant?discuss] Sen. Mitt Romney (R-UT) described the events as an "insurrection", language also echoed by President-elect Biden.[639]

Professors Inderjeet Parmar,[640] Timothy D. Snyder,[641] and scholars at the Brookings Institution called the event a coup[642] and other academics describe the event as a self-coup.[643][644]

"Trump won" and "big lie"

"Trump won" is a political slogan adopted by Trump supporters who, contrary to the election results, believe that Trump won the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[645][646] These claims were described by former US Attorney General William Barr as "bullshit" in sworn deposition testimony,[647][648] and are called a "big lie" by many, including Senator Mitt Romney.[649]

In the two weeks after the election, a large majority of Trump supporters thought the election was illegitimate.[650][651] According to a September 2022 poll, 61% of Republicans still believed Biden won in 2020 due to "voter fraud".[652][better source needed]

As of June 2021, some still believed that Trump would be restored to power by some extraordinary process, possibly later in 2021.[646][653] These beliefs have led to calls for violence on social media, sparking concerns from the Department of Homeland Security about violence by right-wing extremists in mid-2021.[654] A CNN/SSRS poll conducted in August–September 2021 found that Republicans' enthusiasm for voting in future elections was higher among those believing that "Trump won" and with holding that belief as central to their identity as Republicans.[655]

Corporate reactions

On January 5, the Chief Executive of the United States Chamber of Commerce commented that "[e]fforts by some members of Congress to disregard certified election results ... undermines our democracy and the rule of law and will only result in further division", while almost 200 business leaders signed a statement from the Partnership for New York City declaring that such a move would "run counter to the essential tenets of our democracy".[656] On January 6, the National Association of Manufacturers called for Vice President Pence to invoke the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and remove Trump from office.[657]

During the riot, a Cumulus Media executive told its radio hosts that they must stop spreading the idea of election fraud. The memo said the election was over and that "there are no alternate acceptable 'paths'", and thus the radio hosts must immediately "help induce national calm".[658]

Many large corporations pledged to suspend donations to officials and candidates who opposed the certification of Biden's victory, hindered the peaceful transfer of power, or incited violence. While many companies did so, most had resumed such contributions within a year, either directly or through their lobbyists.[659][660][661][662]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[21][17][14][15][22][23][29]
  3. ^ This would require a law passed by Congress to delay the vote and a constitutional amendment to change the term of office. Congress had no interest in taking either action at the time.[citation needed]
  4. ^ For this, a New York court eventually suspended Giuliani's law license.[99]
  5. ^ The audio was obtained by the Associated Press on February 2, 2023.
  6. ^ Trump's Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs nominee Scott O'Grady and Virginia State Senator Amanda Chase, a candidate in Virginia's 2021 gubernatorial election, promoted debunked conspiracy claims and called for Trump to institute martial law.[315][316][317] North Carolina State Senator Bob Steinburg similarly promoted false claims of a "stolen" election and suggested that Trump should declare a national emergency, invoke the Insurrection Act of 1807, and suspend civil liberties and habeas corpus.[318]
  7. ^ The audio was released later in 2021.
  8. ^ Since March 2009, all elections in Germany have been conducted exclusively with paper ballots which are tabulated by hand.[553]
  9. ^ The senators are Roy Blunt,[590] Susan Collins,[590] Joni Ernst,[591] Lisa Murkowski,[592] Rob Portman,[593] Mitt Romney,[592] Ben Sasse[590] and Pat Toomey.[592]
  10. ^ Statements were made by George W. Bush,[594] Andrew Card,[595] Dan Coats,[596] Ari Fleischer,[597] Condoleezza Rice,[598] Tom Ridge[599] and Karl Rove.[600]
  11. ^ The former members included National Security Advisor John Bolton,[4] Director of National Intelligence Michael Chertoff,[596] and H. R. McMaster, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (2017–2018).[601]
  12. ^ The outlets are The Atlantic,[612] Bloomberg News,[613][614] The Economist,[615] The Financial Times,[616] The Guardian,[617] The Intelligencer,[618] The Nation,[619] The New Yorker,[620] The New York Times,[621] Salon,[622] The San Francisco Chronicle,[623] The Washington Post,[28] and Vanity Fair[624]

References

  1. ^ Chalfant, Morgan; Samuels, Brett (November 4, 2020). "Trump prematurely declares victory, says he'll go to Supreme Court". The Hill. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  2. ^ Liptak, Kevin; Stracqualursi, Veronica; Malloy, Allie (January 7, 2021). "Trump publicly acknowledges he won't serve a second term a day after inciting mob". CNN. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  3. ^ Woodward, Calvin; Dale, Maryclaire (November 6, 2020). "Fact Check: Trump Fabricates Election Corruption". New England Cable News. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  4. ^ a b Crowley, Michael (November 6, 2020). "Trump's False Election Fraud Claims Split Republicans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  5. ^ Funke, Daniel (November 20, 2020). "Dozens of claims about election fraud, debunked". PolitiFact. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  6. ^ a b Blood, Michael R.; Riccardi, Nicholas (December 5, 2020). "Biden officially secures enough electors to become president". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  7. ^ Kumar, Anita; Orr, Gabby (December 21, 2020). "Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election". Politico. Retrieved January 17, 2023. Trump's efforts to cling to power are unprecedented in American history. While political parties have fought over the results of presidential elections before, no incumbent president has ever made such expansive and individualized pleas to the officials who oversee certification of the election results.
  8. ^ Sanger, David E. (November 19, 2020). "Trump's Attempts to Overturn the Election Are Unparalleled in U.S. History". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023. President Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 election are unprecedented in American history and an even more audacious use of brute political force to gain the White House than when Congress gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency during Reconstruction.
  9. ^ Miller, Zeke; Long, Colleen; Eggert, David (November 20, 2020). "Trump tries to leverage power of office to subvert Biden win". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  10. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Rutenberg, Jim; Corasaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid J. (November 20, 2020). "Trump Targets Michigan in His Ploy to Subvert the Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  11. ^ "Trump presses Georgia governor to help subvert election". MarketWatch. Associated Press. December 5, 2020. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  12. ^ "The Growing Backlash Against Trump's Efforts To Subvert The Election". Consider This. NPR. November 20, 2020. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  13. ^ Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy (December 7, 2020). "House conservatives urge Trump not to concede and press for floor fight over election loss". CNN. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  14. ^ a b Snyder, Timothy (January 9, 2021). "The American Abyss". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  15. ^ a b Ben-Ghiat, Ruth (January 26, 2021). "Opinion: Trump's big lie wouldn't have worked without his thousands of little lies". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  16. ^ Wolfe, Jan; Heavey, Susan (January 25, 2021). "Trump lawyer Giuliani faces $1.3 billion lawsuit over 'big lie' election fraud claims". Reuters. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  17. ^ a b Block, Melissa (January 16, 2021). "Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone?". NPR. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  18. ^ Pilkington, Ed (January 24, 2021). "Donald Trump is gone but his big lie is a rallying call for rightwing extremists". The Guardian. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Bade, Rachael (December 7, 2020). "Trump asks Pennsylvania House speaker for help overturning election results, personally intervening in a third state". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  20. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). Donald Trump in Historical Perspective. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003110361-1. ISBN 978-1-003-11036-1. As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results. (p3)
    • Pion-Berlin, David; Bruneau, Thomas; Goetze, Richard B. Jr. (April 7, 2022). "The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations". Government and Opposition. FirstView (4): 789–806. doi:10.1017/gov.2022.13. S2CID 248033246.
    • Castañeda, Ernesto; Jenks, Daniel (April 17, 2023). Costa, Bruno Ferreira; Parton, Nigel (eds.). "January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States". Social Sciences. 12 (4). MDPI: 238. doi:10.3390/socsci12040238. ISSN 2076-0760. What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.
    • Eisen, Norman; Ayer, Donald; Perry, Joshua; Bookbinder, Noah; Perry, E. Danya (June 6, 2022). Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality (Report). Brookings Institution. Retrieved December 16, 2023. [Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to – in his own words – "overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021 – an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup.
    • Eastman v Thompson, et al., 8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260, 44 (S.D. Cal. May 28, 2022) ("Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower – it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.").
    • Graham, David A. (January 6, 2021). "This Is a Coup". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
    • Musgrave, Paul (January 6, 2021). "This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
    • Solnit, Rebecca (January 6, 2021). "Call it what it was: a coup attempt". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
    • Coleman, Justine (January 6, 2021). "GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt'". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
    • Jacobson, Louis (January 6, 2021). "Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide". PolitiFact. Retrieved January 7, 2021. A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.
    • Barry, Dan; Frenkel, Sheera (January 7, 2021). "'Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
    • Duignan, Brian (August 4, 2021). "January 6 U.S. Capitol attack". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2021. Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état.
  21. ^ Stelter, Brian (January 11, 2021). "Experts warn that Trump's 'big lie' will outlast his presidency". CNN. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  22. ^ Castronuovo, Celine (January 8, 2021). "Biden says Cruz, other Republicans responsible for 'big lie' that fueled Capitol mob". The Hill. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  23. ^ Carlson, J. (December 14, 2020). "The Legitimacy and Effect of Private Funding in Federal and State Electoral Processes" (PDF). Got Freedom. Thomas More Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021. The confusion and negative effect from illegitimate infusion of private funding in Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and several other states during the 2020 election can be shown to have had a disparate and inequitable impact on the electorate.
  24. ^ a b Swenson, Ali (November 19, 2020). "AP Fact Check: Trump legal team's batch of false vote claims". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  25. ^ a b Subramaniam, Tara; Lybrand, Holmes (November 19, 2020). "Fact checking Giuliani and the Trump legal team's wild, fact-free press conference". CNN. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  26. ^ Farhi, Paul; Izadi, Elahe (November 20, 2020). "Rudy Giuliani floated 'dangerous' and incendiary false claims of election conspiracy – and Fox News broadcast it live". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  27. ^ a b c Kessler, Glenn (November 19, 2020). "Analysis | Fact-checking the craziest news conference of the Trump presidency". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  28. ^ a b c Rucker, Philip; Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh (November 19, 2020). "Trump uses power of presidency to try to overturn the election and stay in office". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  29. ^ Multiple sources:[24][25][26][27][28]
  30. ^ a b Wild, Whitney; Herb, Jeremy; Fox, Lauren; Cohen, Zachary; Nobles, Ryan (June 15, 2021). "New emails show how Trump and his allies pressured Justice Department to try to challenge 2020 election results". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  31. ^ a b Herb, Jeremy (July 30, 2021). "Trump to DOJ last December: 'Just say that the election was corrupt + leave the rest to me'". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  32. ^ a b Reich, Robert (August 3, 2021). "A Trump bombshell quietly dropped last week. And it should shock us all - A newly released memo shows that Trump told the acting attorney general: 'Just say the election was corrupt [and] leave the rest to me and the [Republican] congressmen'". The Guardian. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  33. ^ a b c d e f Tapper, Jake (December 31, 2020). "At least 140 House Republicans to vote against counting electoral votes, two GOP lawmakers say". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  34. ^ a b c d Balsamo, Michael (December 1, 2020). "Disputing Trump, Barr says no widespread election fraud". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  35. ^ Chen, Shawna (November 12, 2020). "Department of Homeland Security calls election 'the most secure in American history'". Axios. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  36. ^ a b Feuer, Alan (September 21, 2021). "Trump Campaign Knew Lawyers' Voting Machine Claims Were Baseless, Memo Shows". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  37. ^ Benner, Katie; Edmondson, Catie; Broadwater, Luke; Feuer, Alan (December 16, 2021). "Meadows and the Band of Loyalists: How They Fought to Keep Trump in Power". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  38. ^ Kane, Paul; Clement, Scott (December 5, 2020). "Just 27 congressional Republicans acknowledge Biden's win, Washington Post survey finds". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  39. ^ Caldwell, Leigh Ann; Kapur, Sahil; Tsirkin, Julie (December 16, 2020). "McConnell congratulates Biden on his victory as more Republicans abandon Trump's fight". NBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  40. ^ Wise, Lindsay; Hughes, Siobhan (December 15, 2020). "More Republicans Now Say Joe Biden Is President-Elect". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  41. ^ Grisales, Claudia (December 14, 2020). "With Electoral College Vote, More Republicans Recognize Biden As President-Elect". NPR. Archived from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  42. ^ Sherman, Amy; Valverde, Miriam (January 8, 2021). "Joe Biden is right that more than 60 of Trump's election lawsuits lacked merit". PolitiFact. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  43. ^ Cummings, William; Garrison, Joey; Sergent, Jim (January 6, 2021). "By the numbers: President Donald Trump's failed efforts to overturn the election". USA Today. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  44. ^ a b c Liptak, Adam (December 8, 2020). "Supreme Court Rejects Republican Challenge to Pennsylvania Vote". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  45. ^ Shamsian, Jacob; Sheth, Sonam (January 5, 2021). "Trump and Republican officials have won zero out of at least 42 lawsuits they've filed since Election Day". Business Insider. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  46. ^ a b Fordham, Evie (December 9, 2020). "Trump touts Texas Supreme Court case as 'the big one,' says 'we will be intervening'". Fox News. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  47. ^ Sonmez, Felicia; Dawsey, Josh; Lamothe, Dan; Zapotosky, Matt (December 21, 2020). "A frustrated Trump redoubles efforts to overturn election result". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  48. ^ Rahman, Rema (December 21, 2020). "No. 2 GOP senator: Efforts to overturn election would 'go down like a shot dog'". The Hill. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  49. ^ a b Woodruff Swan, Betsy (January 21, 2022). "Read the never-issued Trump order that would have seized voting machines". Politico. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  50. ^ Yen, Hope (June 13, 2022). "Jan. 6 Panelists: Enough Evidence Uncovered To Indict Trump". HuffPost. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  51. ^ a b Sangal, Aditi; Chowdhury, Maureen; Hammond, Elise; Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg (December 19, 2022). "Live updates: Jan. 6 committee votes to issue criminal referrals against Trump". CNN. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  52. ^ Barrett, Devlin; Hsu, Spencer S.; Stein, Perry; Dawsey, Josh; Alemany, Jacqueline (August 1, 2023). "Trump charged in probe of Jan. 6, efforts to overturn 2020 election". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  53. ^ Sneed, Tierney (August 3, 2023). "Donald Trump pleads not guilty to January 6-related charges". CNN. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  54. ^ Singman, Brooke (August 14, 2023). "Meadows, Giuliani, others indicted along with Trump in Georgia 2020 election interference probe". Fox News. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  55. ^ Orden, Erica; Cheney, Kyle (August 15, 2023). "19 defendants: Here are all the people charged in the new Trump indictment". Politico. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  56. ^ Spencer S. Hsu; Rachel Weiner; Tom Jackman (May 4, 2023). "Proud Boys Enrique Tarrio, 3 others guilty of Jan. 6 seditious conspiracy". The Washington Post.
  57. ^ Samuels, Brett (June 13, 2022). "Trump releases 12-page response to Jan. 6 hearing". The Hill. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  58. ^ a b Parsley, Aaron (April 5, 2022). "Trump Admits 'I Didn't Win' the 2020 Election During Video Call with Presidential Historians". People.com. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  59. ^ Feinberg, Andrew (August 29, 2022). "Trump demands 'new election immediately' in bizarre post on Truth Social". The Independent. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  60. ^ a b Haberman, Maggie; Berzon, Alexandra; Schmidt, Michael S. (April 18, 2022). "Trump Allies Continue Legal Drive to Erase His Loss, Stoking Election Doubts". The New York Times. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  61. ^ Smith, Terrance (November 11, 2020). "Trump has longstanding history of calling elections 'rigged' if he doesn't like the results". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  62. ^ Collinson, Stephen (October 20, 2016). "Donald Trump refuses to say whether he'll accept election results". CNN. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  63. ^ "Debate Stunner: Trump Won't Say He'll Accept Election Result". ABC News. Associated Press. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  64. ^ Gambino, Lauren (October 21, 2016). "What would happen if Donald Trump refused to concede this election?". The Guardian.
  65. ^ Diamond, Jeremy (October 20, 2016). "Donald Trump: 'I will totally accept' election results 'if I win'". CNN. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  66. ^ Bertrand, Natasha; Samuelsohn, Darren (June 21, 2019). "What if Trump won't accept 2020 defeat?". Politico. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  67. ^ Gessen, Masha (July 21, 2020). "What could happen if Donald Trump rejects electoral defeat?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  68. ^ Ward, Jon (October 1, 2020). "Trump's false claims of rigged voting are 'a perilous thing,' says top Republican expert". Yahoo! News. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  69. ^ Beer, Tommy (September 24, 2020). "Here's Everything Trump Has Said About Refusing To Give Up Power". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  70. ^ Lange, Jason (June 12, 2020). "Trump says he will 'do other things' if he loses 2020 election". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  71. ^ Feuer, Will (July 19, 2020). "President Trump won't agree to accept 2020 election results as Biden leads in polls – 'I have to see'". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  72. ^ "Donald Trump suggests delay to 2020 US presidential election". BBC News. July 30, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  73. ^ "Trump won't commit to peaceful transfer of power". BBC News. September 24, 2020. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  74. ^ Choi, Matthew (September 23, 2020). "Trump declines to commit to a peaceful transition of power after election". Politico. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  75. ^ Kiely, Eugene; Rieder, Rem (September 30, 2020). "Trump's Repeated False Attacks on Mail-In Ballots". FactCheck.org. Annenberg Public Policy Center. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  76. ^ Riccardi, Nicholas (September 30, 2020). "Here's the reality behind Trump's claims about mail voting". Associated Press. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  77. ^ Parks, Miles (August 28, 2020). "Ignoring FBI And Fellow Republicans, Trump Continues Assault On Mail-In Voting". NPR. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  78. ^ Stimson, Brie (September 24, 2020). "Trump blasts ballots when asked about election aftermath: 'The ballots are a disaster'". Fox News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  79. ^ Levine, Marianne; Desiderio, Andrew; Everett, Burgess (September 24, 2020). "Republicans break with Trump over peaceful transition of power". Politico. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  80. ^ Cillizza, Chris (September 25, 2020). "The FBI director just totally shut down Donald Trump's vote-fraud conspiracy". CNN. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  81. ^ Crowley, Michael (September 24, 2020). "2020 Election Live Updates: Trump Once Again Questions the Election, as Top Republicans Commit to a Peaceful Transfer of Power". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  82. ^ Kane, Paul; Bade, Rachael; Itkowitz, Colby (September 24, 2020). "What Senate Republicans are saying after Trump refused to commit to an orderly transfer of power". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  83. ^ Morgan, David (October 8, 2020). "'Democracy isn't the objective': Republican U.S. senator draws Democrats' ire". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  84. ^
    • Baker, Peter (September 23, 2020). "Trump says he wants a conservative majority on the Supreme Court in case of an Election Day dispute". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
    • Reklaitis, Victor (September 23, 2020). "Trump says Supreme Court will need 9th justice to decide election outcome". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
    • Garrison, David Jackson and Joey (September 23, 2020). "Trump says he wants to fill Supreme Court seat quickly in case justices need to settle election dispute". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
    • Mason, Jeff (September 24, 2020). "Trump hedges on transferring power, says election will end up at Supreme Court". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
    • Stieb, Matt (September 23, 2020). "Trump Says Supreme Court Needs 9 Justices for Potential Election Dispute". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
    • Wingrove, Josh (September 23, 2020). "Trump Talks Up Need for Full Court as He Casts Doubt on Election". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  85. ^ Dale, Daniel (June 12, 2021). "Trump is doing more lying about the election than talking about any other subject". CNN. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021. Similar graphic in source attributed to Janie Boschma, CNN.
  86. ^ a b Yourish, Karen; Smart, Charlie (May 24, 2024). "Trump's Pattern of Sowing Election Doubt Intensifies in 2024". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024.
  87. ^ Axelrod, Tal. "A timeline of Donald Trump's election denial claims, which Republican politicians increasingly embrace". ABC News. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  88. ^ Darcy, Oliver (November 4, 2020). "News anchors forcefully call out Trump for prematurely declaring victory | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  89. ^ Wilkie, Christina (November 4, 2020). "Trump tries to claim victory even as ballots are being counted in several states — NBC has not made a call". CNBC. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  90. ^ a b Rupar, Aaron (November 5, 2020). "Trump's desperate "STOP THE COUNT!" tweet, briefly explained". Vox. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  91. ^ "Trump's mixed message: Stop the count or keep counting?". Los Angeles Times. November 5, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  92. ^ Izadi, Elahe (November 8, 2020). "First CNN, then within minutes, most other news organizations called the race for Biden". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  93. ^ a b King, Ledyard (November 7, 2020). "Trump revives baseless claims of election fraud after Biden wins presidential race". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  94. ^ Herb, Jeremy (September 12, 2022). "Exclusive: 'I'm just not going to leave': New book reveals Trump vowed to stay in White House". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2022. Former President Donald Trump repeatedly told aides in the days following his 2020 election loss that he would remain in the White House...according to reporting provided to CNN from a forthcoming book by New York Times reporter Maggie Haberman.

    'I'm just not going to leave,' Trump told one aide, according to Haberman.

    'We're never leaving,' Trump told another. 'How can you leave when you won an election?'
  95. ^ a b Rutenberg, Jim; Becker, Jo; Lipton, Eric; Haberman, Maggie; Martin, Jonathan; Rosenberg, Matthew; Schmidt, Michael S. (January 31, 2021). "77 Days: Trump's Campaign to Subvert the Election – Hours after the United States voted, the president declared the election a fraud – a lie that unleashed a movement that would shatter democratic norms and upend the peaceful transfer of power". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  96. ^ a b Woodward, Calvin (November 17, 2020). "AP Fact Check: Trump conclusively lost, denies the evidence". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  97. ^ Shubber, Kadhim (November 16, 2020). "Lawsuit tracker: Trump's battle faces tough test this week". Financial Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  98. ^ a b Tillman, Zoe (November 5, 2020). "Judges Are Rejecting Trump's False Claims Of Shady Poll Practices After Looking At The Evidence". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  99. ^ Stempel, Jonathan (June 24, 2021). "Rudolph Giuliani is suspended from law practice in New York state". Reuters. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  100. ^ Lamire, Jonathan (November 10, 2020). "Refusing to concede, Trump blocks cooperation on transition". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  101. ^ Balsamo, Michael (November 10, 2020). "Barr tells DOJ to probe election fraud claims if they exist". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  102. ^ a b c d e Garder, Amy (November 16, 2020). "Ga. secretary of state says fellow Republicans are pressuring him to find ways to exclude ballots". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  103. ^ a b Fessler, Pam (November 19, 2020). "Despite More Than 2 Dozen Legal Losses, Trump's Lawyers Press On With Election Fights". NPR. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  104. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Feuer, Alan (November 22, 2020). "Judge Dismisses Trump Lawsuit Seeking to Delay Certification in Pennsylvania". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
    • Fahrenthold, David A.; Reinhard, Beth; Viebeck, Elise; Brown, Emma (November 20, 2020). "Trump's escalating attacks put pressure on vote certification process". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  105. ^ a b Gardner, Amy (January 3, 2021). "'I just want to find 11,780 votes': In an hour-long call, Trump pressures Georgia secretary of state to recalculate the vote in his favor". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  106. ^ a b c d Gardner, Amy; Itkowitz, Colby; Dawsey, Josh (December 5, 2020). "Trump calls Georgia governor to pressure him for help overturning Biden's win in the state". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  107. ^ a b c Scolforo, Mark (November 24, 2020). "Biden certified as winner of Pennsylvania presidential vote". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  108. ^ a b Brumback, Kate (November 20, 2020). "Georgia officials certify election results showing Biden win". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  109. ^ a b c d e f g Alemany, Jacqueline; Brown, Emma; Hamburger, Tom; Swaine, Jon (October 23, 2021). "Ahead of Jan. 6, Willard hotel in downtown D.C. was a Trump team 'command center' for effort to deny Biden the presidency". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  110. ^ Broadwater, Luke; Feuer, Alan (January 21, 2022). "Jan. 6 Panel and State Officials Seek Answers on Fake Trump Electors – Pressure is mounting on the Justice Department to investigate bogus electors who claimed that Donald J. Trump defeated Joseph R. Biden Jr. in their states". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  111. ^ Cohen, Marshall; Cohen, Zachary; Merica, Dan (January 20, 2022). "Trump campaign officials, led by Rudy Giuliani, oversaw fake electors plot in 7 states". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  112. ^ Reinhard, Beth; Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Brown, Emma; Helderman, Rosalind S. (January 20, 2022). "As Giuliani coordinated plan for Trump electoral votes in states Biden won, some electors balked". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  113. ^ Edmondson, Catie; Crowley, Michael (December 30, 2020). "Hawley Answers Trump's Call for Election Challenge". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  114. ^ Herb, Jeremy; Mattingly, Phil; Fox, Lauren (December 30, 2020). "GOP senator to delay affirming Biden victory". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  115. ^ Wagner, John (December 31, 2020). "Sen. Hawley announces he will contest certification of electoral college vote". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  116. ^ a b c d Broadwater, Luke (January 2, 2021). "Pence Welcomes Bid to Overturn Biden's Election as Republican Senators Join". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  117. ^ a b Karni, Annie (January 4, 2021). "Pence's Choice: Side With the Constitution or His Boss". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  118. ^ Jalonick, Mary Clare (January 3, 2021). "EXPLAINER: How Congress will count Electoral College votes". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  119. ^ Seitz-Wald, Alex (April 5, 2021). "'The 45th': Why Trump is abandoning his iconic brand for a number". NBC News. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  120. ^ Colvin, Jill (June 26, 2021). "Trump airs old election grievances in return to rally stage". Associated Press. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  121. ^ Layne, Nathan (June 27, 2021). "At Ohio rally, Trump knocks Biden on border, hints at 2024 plans". Reuters. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  122. ^ Smith, Allan; Allen, Jonathan (September 17, 2023). "Here are 11 top moments from Trump's 'Meet the Press' interview". NBC News. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
  123. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Triomphe, Catherine (November 6, 2020). "Explaining 'Stop the Steal', Trump supporters' viral offensive to discredit the election". America Votes. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
    • Romm, Tony; Stanley-Becker, Isaac; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (November 6, 2020). "Facebook bans 'STOP THE STEAL' group Trump allies were using to organize protests against vote counting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
    • Ghaffary, Shirin (November 5, 2020). "Facebook took down a massive 'Stop the Steal' group after its members called for violence". Vox. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
    • Perez, Sarah; Hatmaker, Taylor (November 5, 2020). "Facebook blocks hashtags for #sharpiegate, #stopthesteal election conspiracies". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
    • Parks, Miles (November 8, 2020). "The Next 2020 Election Fight? Convincing Trump's Supporters That He Lost". NPR. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
    • Sullivan, Mark (November 5, 2020). "The pro-Trump 'Stop the Steal' movement is still growing on Facebook". Fast Company. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
    • Beckett, Lois (November 6, 2020). "Tea party-linked activists protest against election fraud in US cities". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
    • Doerer, Kristen (November 5, 2020). "Right-Wing Operative Ali Alexander Leads 'Stop the Steal' Campaign". Right Wing Watch. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  124. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Goba, Kadia (November 4, 2020). "Donald Trump Is Lying About The Early Election Results". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
    • King, Ledyard (November 7, 2020). "Trump revives baseless claims of election fraud after Biden wins presidential race". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
    • Haberman, Maggie; Corasaniti, Nick; Rutenberg, Jim; Feuer, Alan; Thrush, Glenn; Gray, Kathleen (November 19, 2020). "Presidential Transition Live Updates: Trump Invites State Lawmakers to White House in Bid to Subvert Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  125. ^ Frenkel, Sheera (November 13, 2020). "Beware of this misinformation from 'Stop the Steal' rallies this weekend". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  126. ^ a b c Breland, Ali (November 7, 2020). "Meet the right-wing trolls behind "Stop The Steal"". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  127. ^ Athas, Eric; Carlson, Seth; Keefe, John; Miller, Claire Cain; Parlapiano, Alicia; Sanger-Katz, Margot (November 7, 2020). "Tracking Which News Outlets Have Called the Presidential Race in Each State". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  128. ^ a b Polantz, Katelyn (December 3, 2020). "With Trump and allies headed to the Supreme Court, elections cases still dead on arrival". CNN. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  129. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid J.; Rutenberg, Jim (November 11, 2020). "The Times Called Officials in Every State: No Evidence of Voter Fraud". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  130. ^ Cheney, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (December 4, 2020). "Donald Trump's brutal day in court". Politico. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  131. ^ Kuznia, Rob (November 14, 2020). "Stop the Steal's massive disinformation campaign connected to Roger Stone". CNN. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  132. ^ a b Wong, Julia Carrie (November 5, 2020). "Facebook removes pro-Trump Stop the Steal group over 'calls for violence'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  133. ^ Frenkel, Sheera (November 5, 2020). "The Rise and Fall of the 'Stop the Steal' Facebook Group". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  134. ^ Culliford, Elizabeth; Satter, Raphael (November 5, 2020). "Pro-Trump Facebook group protesting vote count adding 1000 members every 10 seconds". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  135. ^ Dickson, E. J. (November 5, 2020). "A Pro-Trump 'Stop the Steal' Group Rapidly Grew on Facebook". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  136. ^ Schulberg, Jessica; Cook, Jesselyn (November 5, 2020). "Nationwide 'Stop The Steal' Protests Are Being Pushed By GOP Operatives And The Far-Right". HuffPost. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  137. ^ Mac, Ryan; Silverman, Craig (November 5, 2020). "Facebook Has A Metric For "Violence And Incitement Trends." It's Rising". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  138. ^ "Violence Brewed in Facebook Groups Ahead of 'Stop The Steal' Protests". Snopes. November 5, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  139. ^ Silverman, Craig; Timberg, Craig; Kao, Jeff; Merrill, Jeremy B. (January 4, 2022). "Facebook Hosted Surge of Misinformation and Insurrection Threats in Months Leading Up to Jan. 6 Attack, Records Show". Defense One. Government Executive. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  140. ^ Timberg, Craig; Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Albergotti, Reed (October 22, 2021). "Inside Facebook, Jan. 6 violence fueled anger, regret over missed warning signs". Washington Post. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  141. ^ Rosen, Guy (January 11, 2021). "Our Preparations Ahead of Inauguration Day". About Facebook. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  142. ^ "Twitter suspends 70,000 accounts linked to QAnon". BBC News. January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  143. ^ Rupar, Aaron (November 5, 2020). "Trump's desperate "STOP THE COUNT!" tweet, briefly explained". Vox. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  144. ^ Yancey-Bragg, N'dea (November 13, 2020). "Trump supporters plan rallies in Washington DC, experts warn extremists may attend". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  145. ^ Marcus, Josh (November 4, 2020). "'Stop the count': Crowd tries to storm Detroit convention centre". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  146. ^ LeBlanc, Beth (November 14, 2020). "Trump supporters dispute Michigan vote count at 'Stop the Steal' rally on Capitol lawn". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  147. ^ Komenda, Ed (November 4, 2020). "Nevada election 2020: Vote challengers gather outside election department in Las Vegas". Reno Gazette Journal. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  148. ^ Mendez, Astrid (November 8, 2020). "'Stop the steal' protest outside Clark County Election Center Office". KTNV. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  149. ^ Rickert, Chris; Wroge, Logan (November 7, 2020). "Trump supporters, counter protesters clash at Madison rally". madison.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  150. ^ "Demonstrators rally for Trump in front of Georgia Capitol". WSBTV. November 14, 2020. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  151. ^ Thomas, Matthew; Smith, Mary (November 7, 2020). "Trump, Biden supporters rally at Ohio Statehouse after Biden projected to win election". WSYX. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  152. ^ Jones, Julia; Snider, Sara (November 15, 2020). "MAGA March brings together Trump voters, far-right leaders and counterprotesters, ending in some clashes". CNN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  153. ^ O'Kane, Caitlin (December 7, 2020). "Dozens of armed 'stop the steal' protesters threaten Michigan Secretary of State outside her house". CBS News. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  154. ^ Koenig, Lauren (December 12, 2020). "Several people stabbed and 33 arrested as 'Stop the Steal' protesters and counterprotesters clash in Washington, DC". CNN. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  155. ^ MacFarquhar, Neil (March 26, 2021). "Far-Right Extremists Move From 'Stop the Steal' to Stop the Vaccine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  156. ^ Devine, Curt; Griffin, Drew (February 5, 2021). "How two anti-government conspiracy theories converged". CNN. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  157. ^ Brownell, Andy (April 7, 2021). "FBI Says Minnesota Boogaloo Bois Member Scouted the State Capitol". KRFO. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  158. ^ "Self-Described Member Of Boogaloo Bois Arrested, Charged With Illegal Possession Of A Machine Gun". justice.gov (Press release). April 7, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  159. ^ Mannix, Andy (July 15, 2021). "Boogaloo Bois member accused in plot to attack Minnesota Capitol pleads guilty to firearm charge". Star Tribune. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  160. ^ Woodward, Bob; Costa, Robert (March 24, 2022). "Virginia Thomas urged White House chief to pursue unrelenting efforts to overturn the 2020 election, texts show". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  161. ^ Garcia, Catherine (March 14, 2022). "Ginni Thomas acknowledges attending 'Stop the Steal' rally, but denies organizing it". The Week. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  162. ^ Cercone, Jeff (January 11, 2022). "There's no evidence Ginni Thomas organized Jan. 6 events". PolitiFact. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  163. ^ "Gingrich Pushes 'Soros Stole the Election' Conspiracy Theory on Fox News". Haaretz. Associated Press. November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  164. ^ a b c "Fact check: Evidence disproves claims of Italian conspiracy to meddle in U.S. election (known as #ItalyGate)". Reuters. January 15, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  165. ^ Lanzavecchia, Otto (January 12, 2021). "Vatican blackout hoax linked to ItalyGate conspiracy theory". Formiche.net. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  166. ^ Caldera, Camille (January 8, 2021). "Fact check: Claims of electoral fraud in Rome, dubbed 'ItalyGate,' are baseless". USA Today. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  167. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Nobles, Ryan; Grayer, Annie; Gangel, Jamie (April 27, 2022). "CNN Exclusive: Meadows' texts reveal new details about the key role a little-known GOP congressman played in efforts to overturn election". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  168. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Benner, Katie (June 5, 2021). "Meadows Pressed Justice Dept. to Investigate Election Fraud Claims". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
    • Pengelly, Martin (June 6, 2021). "Trump aide asked DoJ to investigate bizarre 'Italygate' claim votes were changed by satellite". The Guardian. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
    • Bolies, Corbin (June 5, 2021). "Meadows Pushed DOJ to Probe Insane 'Italygate' Election Fraud Theory". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
    • Porter, Tom (June 6, 2021). "Trump's chief of staff pressed the Justice Department to investigate the bizarre conspiracy theory that people in Italy meddled in the 2020 election using military satellites". Business Insider. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  169. ^ Keveny, Bill; Puente, Maria (January 11, 2021). "How conservative media stoked baseless election-fraud claims that motivated DC rioters". USA Today. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  170. ^ a b Darcy, Oliver (November 17, 2020). "Company debunks conspiracy theory that its server showed a landslide for Trump". CNN. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  171. ^ Moore, Martin; Colley, Thomas (June 13, 2022). "Two International Propaganda Models: Comparing RT and CGTN's 2020 US Election Coverage". Journalism Practice. 18 (5): 1306–1328. doi:10.1080/17512786.2022.2086157. ISSN 1751-2786. S2CID 249696725.
  172. ^ Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Lerman, Rachel (November 10, 2020). "'Stop the Steal' supporters, restrained by Facebook, turn to Parler to peddle false election claims". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  173. ^ Brandom, Russell (November 9, 2020). "Parler, a conservative Twitter clone, has seen nearly 1 million downloads since Election Day". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  174. ^ Shead, Sam (January 11, 2021). "Parler CEO says app will be offline 'longer than expected' because of Amazon, Apple and Google". CNBC. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  175. ^ Karni, Annie; Haberman, Maggie (June 5, 2021). "At Once Diminished and Dominating, Trump Prepares for His Next Act". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  176. ^ Cooper, Jonathan J. (June 2, 2021). "Arizona GOP election audit draws more Republican politicians". Associated Press. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  177. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Brewster, Jack (June 3, 2021). "Lara Trump Dismisses Reports Trump Believes He Will Be Reinstated In August". Forbes. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
    • Pengelly, Martin (June 6, 2021). "Trump adviser Lewandowski: he 'lost the election' and will not be reinstated". The Guardian. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
    • Montgomery, Blake (July 7, 2021). "Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene Admits Trump Will Not Be Reinstated to Presidency". The Daily Beast. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
    • Fink, Jenna (August 13, 2021). "Trump Allies Reject Theory Trump Can Be Reinstated as President". Newsweek. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  178. ^ Swenson, Ali (August 4, 2021). "Report claiming 'excess' Biden votes doesn't show fraud". Associated Press. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  179. ^ Funke, Daniel (August 10, 2021). "Fact check: No evidence of 8 million 'excess' Biden votes from 2020 election". USA Today. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  180. ^ a b Roston, Ram; Heath, Brad; Shiffman, John; Eisler, Peter (December 15, 2021). "The military-intelligence veterans who helped lead Trump's campaign of disinformation". Reuters. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  181. ^ "Ex-Trump aide says Trump admitted privately that he lost the election". CNN Video. June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  182. ^ Krebs, Christopher Cox (November 29, 2020). "Fired director of U.S. cyber agency Chris Krebs explains why President Trump's claims of election interference are false". In Pelley, Scott Cameron (ed.). 60 Minutes. Season 53. Episode 13. Event occurs at 11:30. CBS. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  183. ^ a b Pengelly, Martin (December 1, 2020). "Trump lawyer: ex-election security chief Krebs should be 'taken out and shot'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  184. ^ Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole (November 18, 2020). "Trump Fires Christopher Krebs, Official Who Disputed Election Fraud Claims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  185. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Payne, Adam (December 1, 2020). "Trump lawyer Joe diGenova says election security chief fired by the president should be 'taken out at dawn and shot'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    • Acosta, Jim; Tapper, Jake; Cohen, Zachary; Cole, Devan (December 2, 2020). "Trump attorney issues call for violence against truth-telling former election cybersecurity official". CNN. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    • Izadi, Elahe (December 3, 2020). "Joseph diGenova resigns from Gridiron Club after saying fired cybersecurity official should be shot". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  186. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Haberman, Maggie; Crowley, Michael (November 10, 2020). "Trump Appointee Stands Between Biden's Team and a Smooth Transition". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  187. ^ "Formal Joe Biden transition may begin, US agency concludes". 12news.com. Associated Press. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  188. ^ Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (December 22, 2022). "Final Report" (PDF). govinfo.gov. p. 11. Retrieved July 5, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  189. ^ Feinberg, Andrew (December 17, 2021). "Rick Perry sent Meadows text on 'aggressive' strategy to toss election, report says". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  190. ^ Nobles, Ryan; Cohen, Zachary; Grayer, Annie (April 8, 2022). "CNN Exclusive: 'We control them all': Donald Trump Jr. texted Meadows ideas for overturning 2020 election before it was called". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  191. ^ Herb, Jeremy; Grayer, Annie; Maher, Kit; Polantz, Katelyn (December 29, 2022). "Key findings from the latest Jan. 6 panel transcripts, including from Donald Trump Jr. and others". CNN. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  192. ^ Brown, Emma (June 10, 2022). "Ginni Thomas pressed 29 Ariz. lawmakers to help overturn Trump's defeat, emails show". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  193. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Savage, Charlie; Broadwater, Luke (August 8, 2023). "Previously Secret Memo Laid Out Strategy for Trump to Overturn Biden's Win - The House Jan. 6 committee's investigation did not uncover the memo, whose existence first came to light in last week's indictment". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  194. ^ Bauer, Scott, Wisconsin attorney general files felony charges against attorneys, aide who worked for Trump in 2020, Associated Press, June 4, 2024
  195. ^ a b Feuer, Alan; Haberman, Maggie; Broadwater, Luke (February 2, 2022). "Memos Show Roots of Trump's Focus on Jan. 6 and Alternate Electors". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  196. ^ Blake, Aaron (April 25, 2022). "The two significant new Jan. 6 disclosures from Mark Meadows's aide". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  197. ^ a b c d e McEvoy, Jemima (November 18, 2020). "Trump's 'Post-Election Purge': Head Of Election Cybersecurity, 11 Other Top Officials Out". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  198. ^ Harper, Steven (March 7, 2021). "Insurrection Timeline: First the Coup and Then the Cover-Up". BillMoyers.com. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  199. ^ Mehta, Aaron (November 10, 2020). "Esper fired as defense secretary". Defense News. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  200. ^ Alexander, Harriet (November 11, 2020). "White House 'requesting names of those who clapped out departing Pentagon official'". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  201. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Goldman, Adam (December 1, 2020). "Another Official Is Ousted From the Pentagon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  202. ^ Sanger, David E. (November 18, 2020). "Trump fires Christopher Krebs, whose agency disputed president's false claims of election fraud". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  203. ^ "Trump fires election security official who contradicted him". BBC News. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  204. ^ Dawsey, Josh; Eilperin, Juliet; Hudson, John; Rein, Lisa (November 13, 2020). "In Trump's final days, a 30-year-old aide purges officials seen as insufficiently loyal". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  205. ^ Hansler, Jennifer; Atwood, Kylie (November 7, 2020). "Second highest-ranking official at USAID ousted". CNN. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  206. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Waldmann, Scott (November 10, 2020). "Trump to put climate change denier in charge of key U.S. report". Science Magazine. doi:10.1126/science.abf6536. S2CID 228883906. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
    • Boyle, Louise (November 10, 2020). "Trump removes scientist who led sweeping climate change report and other officials". The Independent. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
    • Flavelle, Christopher; Friedman, Lisa; Davenport, Coral (November 9, 2020). "Trump Administration Removes Scientist in Charge of Assessing Climate Change". The New York Times. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
    • Samenow, Jason; Freedman, Andrew; Eilperin, Juliet (November 9, 2020). "Trump administration removes head of federal climate program that oversees key reports". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  207. ^ Flavelle, Christopher (May 19, 2021). "Biden reappoints a top climate scientist who was removed by Trump". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  208. ^ Castronuovo, Celine (November 6, 2020). "Lisa Gordon-Hagerty resigns as chief of nuclear weapons agency". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  209. ^ Feinberg, Andrew (October 30, 2020). "Trump just quietly passed an executive order that could destroy a future Biden administration". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  210. ^ Wegmann, Philip (November 21, 2020). "OMB Lists Positions Stripped of Job Protection Under Trump Order". Real Clear Politics. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  211. ^ Ogrysko, Nicole (November 24, 2020). "Congress, employee groups ramp up pressure to block Schedule F executive order". Federal News Network. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  212. ^ Rampell, Catherine (November 30, 2020). "Trump lays the groundwork for a massive government purge on his way out the door". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  213. ^ Stein, Jeff; Werner, Erica; Dawsey, Josh (November 10, 2020). "White House tells federal agencies to proceed with plans for Trump's February budget in latest sign of election defiance". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  214. ^ Davis, Tina (November 7, 2020). "Trump's Election Lawsuits: Where the Fights Are Playing Out". Bloomberg Law. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  215. ^ "Courting failure: Donald Trump still hopes lawsuits will make up for his lack of votes". The Economist. November 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  216. ^ Shubber, Kadhim (November 8, 2020). "Trump clings to courtroom hopes despite lawsuit losses". Financial Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  217. ^ Parks, Miles (November 10, 2020). "Trump Election Lawsuits Have Mostly Failed. Here's What They Tried". NPR. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  218. ^ "US election: Trump camp's lawsuit struck down in Pennsylvania". BBC News. April 10, 2020. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  219. ^ Brann, Matthew W. (November 21, 2020). "MEMORANDUM OPINION" (PDF). PACER. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  220. ^ Axelrod, Tal (November 17, 2020). "Michigan county reverses course, votes unanimously to certify election results". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  221. ^ Hendrickson, Clara (November 19, 2020). "Donald Trump called Monica Palmer after Wayne County Board of Canvassers meeting". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  222. ^ Bowden, John (November 19, 2020). "Republicans in key Michigan county ask to rescind votes to certify election". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  223. ^ Meloni, Rod; Kelly, Dane (November 20, 2020). "Wayne County GOP canvassers say call from Trump did not influence vote decisions". WDIV. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  224. ^ Mauger, Craig (December 21, 2023). "Trump recorded pressuring Wayne County canvassers not to certify 2020 vote". The Detroit News.
  225. ^ Fahrenthold, David A.; Hamburger, Tom; Dawsey, Josh; Ruble, Kayla (November 19, 2020). "Trump invites Michigan Republican leaders to meet him at White House as he attempts to overturn election results". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  226. ^ Falcon, Russell (April 14, 2016). "'Dom Perignon' trends on Twitter after Michigan GOP leaders seen drinking $495 champagne at Trump hotel". WGN-TV. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  227. ^ Lawler, Emily (November 21, 2020). "Michigan legislative leaders after meeting with Trump: 'we will follow the law'". MLive.com. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  228. ^ Mauger, Craig (November 22, 2020). "Michigan House speaker floats possibility of 'constitutional crisis'". Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  229. ^ Gibbons, Lauren (December 14, 2020). "Michigan's top GOP lawmakers acknowledge Trump's loss, won't interfere with electoral vote". MLive.com. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  230. ^ Bangura, Fatima (November 21, 2020). "GOP leaders ask Michigan Board of State Canvassers to delay certification of election results for 2 weeks". WXYZ-TV. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  231. ^ Ahmad, Zahra (November 23, 2020). "Board of Canvassers certifies Michigan's election results". mlive. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  232. ^ Swaine, Jon; Brown, Emma; Alemany, Jacqueline (February 9, 2022). "Giuliani asked Michigan prosecutor to give voting machines to Trump team". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  233. ^ Oosting, Jonathan (July 27, 2023). "'I have been indicted,' says suspect in Michigan vote machine tampering probe | Bridge Michigan". Bridge Michigan. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  234. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (November 17, 2020). "Lindsey Graham condemned for allegedly pressuring Georgia to toss out ballots". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  235. ^ Gregorian, Dareh; Clark, Dartunorro (November 18, 2020). "Georgia officials spar with Sen. Lindsey Graham over alleged ballot tossing comments". NBC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  236. ^ Kane, Paul (November 17, 2020). "Lindsey Graham's one-man voting probe prompts confusion". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  237. ^ Bauer, Scott (February 3, 2023). "Trump campaign staff on 2020 election lies: 'fan the flame'". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  238. ^ Tarm, Michael (September 24, 2019). "Wisconsin officials: Trump observers obstructing recount". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  239. ^ Marley, Patrick (November 29, 2020). "Biden gains 87 votes in Trump's $3 million Wisconsin recount as Dane County wraps up review. President plans lawsuit". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  240. ^ "Trump phones in false claims at Pennsylvania Senate committee hearing on voting "irregularities"". CBS News. November 25, 2020. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  241. ^ Small, Jim; Gómez, Laura (December 14, 2020). "Arizona Senate will subpoena Maricopa County for election audit". Arizona Mirror. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  242. ^ Mauger, Craig (December 1, 2020). "Michigan Senate hearing puts new spotlight on unproven claims of election fraud". The Detroit News. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  243. ^ "Fact check: TV news clip does not show 'live computerized fraud' on Election Day 2020". Reuters. November 10, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  244. ^ a b c Fichera, Angelo; Spencer, Saranac Hale (November 13, 2020). "Bogus Theory Claims Supercomputer Switched Votes in Election". FactCheck.org. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  245. ^ Leibovich, Mark (November 20, 2020). "Trump's Legal Team Sets a Precedent for Lowering the Bar". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  246. ^ Tucker, Eric; Bajak, Frank (November 13, 2020). "Repudiating Trump, officials say election 'most secure'". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  247. ^ Collins, Kaitlan; LeBlanc, Paul (November 18, 2020). "Trump fires director of Homeland Security agency who had rejected President's election conspiracy theories". CNN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  248. ^ Peters, Jeremy W.; Feuer, Alan (December 8, 2020). "What We Know About Sidney Powell, the Lawyer Behind Wild Voting Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  249. ^ Sherman, Jake; Palmer, Anna; Ross, Garrett; Okun, Eli (November 19, 2020). "POLITICO Playbook PM: Rudy". Politico. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  250. ^ Qiu, Linda (November 20, 2020). "Trump allies are among the frequent purveyors of election misinformation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  251. ^ Joffe-Block, Jude (November 14, 2020). "False reports claim election servers were seized in Germany". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  252. ^ "Scytl strongly denies the false information related to the U.S. elections". Scytl. November 13, 2020. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  253. ^ Roose, Kevin (November 18, 2020). "No, the Army didn't seize a German server showing a Trump landslide". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  254. ^ Barnes, Julian E. (March 16, 2021). "Russian Interference in 2020 Included Influencing Trump Associates, Report Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  255. ^ Papenfuss, Mary (February 18, 2023). "Even Rupert Murdoch Ripped Rudy Giuliani's 'Crazy' Election Press Conference: Court Filing". HuffPost. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
  256. ^ Garrett, Alexandra (November 22, 2020). "Trump lawyer Sidney Powell said that the Georgia election lawsuit "will be biblical," suggests GOP governor helped Biden". Newsweek. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  257. ^ "Trump campaign cuts ties with attorney Sidney Powell after bizarre election fraud claims". The Guardian. Associated Press. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  258. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Feuer, Alan (November 22, 2020). "Trump Team Disavows Lawyer Who Peddled Conspiracy Theories on Voting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  259. ^ Feldman, Josh (November 22, 2020). "Sidney Powell Goes After Brian Kemp Over Election Conspiracy". Mediaite. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  260. ^ "Sidney Powell: Trump team cuts ties with lawyer who peddled bizarre fraud claims". BBC News. November 23, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  261. ^ Vella, Lauren (November 19, 2020). "Ernst: Trump lawyer claim that candidates pay to rig elections 'absolutely outrageous'". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  262. ^ Smith, David (November 21, 2020). "Trump makes futile last stand to overturn results as Georgia certifies Biden win". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  263. ^ Campbell, Jason [@JasonSCampbell] (November 19, 2020). "Sidney Powell: "The entire election, frankly, in all the swing states should be overturned and the legislatures should make sure that the electors are selected for Trump"" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020 – via Twitter.
  264. ^ a b Feldman, Josh (December 18, 2020). "Lou Dobbs Airs Stunning Fact-Check of His Own Election Claims". Mediaite. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  265. ^ Feldman, Josh (December 20, 2020). "Maria Bartiromo Airs Fact-Check, Adds 'We Will Keep Investigating'". Mediaite. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  266. ^ Barr, Jeremy (December 19, 2020). "Lou Dobbs debunks his own claims of election fraud – after a legal demand from Smartmatic". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  267. ^ Darcy, Oliver (February 4, 2021). "Voting technology company Smartmatic files $2.7 billion lawsuit against Fox News, Rudy Giuliani and Sidney Powell over 'disinformation campaign'". CNN. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  268. ^ Collins, Kaitlan (December 19, 2020). "Trump campaign told to preserve all documents related to Sidney Powell and Dominion Voting Systems". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  269. ^ Naham, Matt (December 17, 2020). "Days After Smartmatic's Legal Threat, Dominion Voting Systems Follows Suit with Demand Letter to Sidney Powell". lawandcrime.com. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  270. ^ "Dominion sues Trump lawyer Sidney Powell for defamation". Associated Press. January 8, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  271. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (March 23, 2021). "Sidney Powell argues in new court filing that no reasonable people would believe her election fraud claims". CNN. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  272. ^ Jeremy W. Peters; Katie Robertson (February 16, 2023). "Fox Stars Privately Expressed Disbelief About Election Fraud Claims. 'Crazy Stuff.'". The New York Times. See also the brief itself.
  273. ^ Darcy, Oliver (February 27, 2023). "Rupert Murdoch acknowledged that Fox News hosts endorsed false stolen election claims". CNN Business. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  274. ^ a b c d Wines, Michael (December 3, 2020). "Here Are the Threats Terrorizing Election Workers". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  275. ^ a b Pilkington, Ed; Levine, Sam (December 9, 2020). "'It's surreal': the US officials facing violent threats as Trump claims voter fraud". The Guardian. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  276. ^ Montellaro, Zach (December 1, 2020). "Georgia election official condemns Trump after threat to worker". Politico. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  277. ^ Knowles, Hannah; Gowen, Annie; Hamburger, Tom (December 13, 2020). "'A dark, empty place:' Public officials face personal threats as tensions flare". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  278. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Rutenberg, Jim; Gray, Kathleen (December 9, 2020). "As Trump Rails Against Loss, His Supporters Become More Threatening". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  279. ^ Vella, Lauren (January 2, 2021). "Appeals court dismisses Gohmert's election suit against Pence". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  280. ^ Kilander, Gustaf (January 2, 2021). "Trump election lawyer Lin Wood calls for Pence to be 'executed by firing squad'". The Independent. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  281. ^ Crump, James (December 15, 2020). "Trump election lawyer calls on his supporters to stock up on '2nd Amendment supplies'". The Independent. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  282. ^ Timberg, Craig; Harwell, Drew (January 5, 2021). "Pro-Trump forums erupt with violent threats ahead of Wednesday's rally against the 2020 election". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  283. ^ Zadrozny, Brandy; Collins, Ben (January 6, 2021). "Violent threats ripple through far-right internet forums ahead of protest". NBC News. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  284. ^ Rosenberg, Matthew; Rutenberg, Jim (February 1, 2021). "Key Takeaways From Trump's Effort to Overturn the Election – A Times examination of the 77 days between election and inauguration shows how a lie the former president had been grooming for years overwhelmed the Republican Party and stoked the assault on the Capitol". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  285. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Schouten, Fredreka (December 3, 2020). "Trump raises more than $207 million since Election Day as he pushes baseless election fraud claims". CNN. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
    • Dawsey, Josh; Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (December 1, 2020). "Trump raises more than $150 million appealing to false election claims". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
    • Goldmacher, Shane; Haberman, Maggie (December 1, 2020). "Trump Raises $170 Million as He Denies His Loss and Eyes the Future". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
    • Renshaw, Jarrett; Tanfani, Joseph (November 11, 2020). "Donations under $8K to Trump 'election defense' instead go to president, RNC". Reuters. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  286. ^ Herridge, Catherine; Quinn, Melissa (December 3, 2020). "Ratcliffe says Biden getting "all of the same intelligence" as Trump, warns of China threat". CBS News. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  287. ^ Polantz, Katelyn; Cohen, Zachary; Perez, Evan (August 6, 2021). "How a Trump environmental lawyer tried to weaponize the Justice Department to help the President". CNN. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  288. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Vallejo, Justin (December 3, 2020). "Michael Flynn calls for Trump to suspend the constitution and declare martial law to re-run election". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
    • Krawczyk, Kathryn (December 2, 2020). "Freshly pardoned Michael Flynn shares message telling Trump to 'suspend the Constitution' to hold a new presidential election". The Week. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    • Meyer, Ken (December 2, 2020). "Michael Flynn Calls for Trump to 'Suspend the Constitution,' Impose Martial Law". Mediaite. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  289. ^ Hamburger, Tom; Ruble, Kayla; Fahrenthold, David A.; Dawsey, Josh (November 19, 2020). "Trump invites Michigan Republican leaders to meet him at White House as he escalates attempts to overturn election results". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  290. ^ Grayer, Annie; Herb, Jeremy; Duster, Chandelis (November 23, 2020). "Michigan's state board certifies Biden's win". CNN. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  291. ^ Fausset, Richard; Saul, Stephanie (November 12, 2020). "Georgia's Close Elections Sent Republicans After a Republican". The New York Times. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  292. ^ Meyer, Ken (December 6, 2020). "Brad Raffensperger Responds to Death Threats, 'Irrational' Behavior Over GA Election Results". Mediaite. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  293. ^ "Correction: Trump-Georgia story". The Washington Post. March 15, 2021. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  294. ^ Gardner, Amy (January 9, 2021). "'Find the fraud': Trump pressured a Georgia elections investigator in a separate call legal experts say could amount to obstruction 'Find the fraud': Trump pressured a Georgia elections investigator in a separate call legal experts say could amount to obstruction". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  295. ^ Fausset, Richard; Corasaniti, Nick (December 7, 2020). "Georgia Recertifies Election Results, Affirming Biden's Victory". The New York Times.
  296. ^ Long, Colleen; White, Ed (December 8, 2020). "Trump thought courts were key to winning. Judges disagreed". Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  297. ^ Gillman, Todd J. (December 9, 2020). "17 states, and Trump, join Texas request for Supreme Court to overturn Biden wins in four states". Dallas News. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  298. ^ Liptak, Adam (December 8, 2020). "Texas files an audacious suit with the Supreme Court challenging the election results". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  299. ^ Bluestein, Greg (December 9, 2020). "Trump warns Georgia AG not to rally other Republicans against Texas lawsuit". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  300. ^ Gabriel, Trip (December 9, 2020). "Even in Defeat, Trump Tightens Grip on State G.O.P. Lawmakers". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  301. ^ Levy, Marc (December 4, 2020). "64 Pennsylvania Republican Lawmakers Ask Congress to Throw Out State's Electoral Votes". NBC10 Philadelphia. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  302. ^ Idliby, Leia (December 10, 2020). "'This is Going to Escalate Dramatically': Trump Threatens a 'Dangerous Moment' Forthcoming in Twitter Spree Assailing Election". Mediaite. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  303. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Mascaro, Lisa (September 30, 2020). "Trump thrusts Supreme Court pick into election turmoil". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
    • Mason, Jeff (September 24, 2020). "Trump hedges on transferring power, says election will end up at Supreme Court". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
    • McCoy, Kevin; Wolf, Richard (December 1, 2020). "Lawsuit by Trump allies challenging Pennsylvania election results reaches Supreme Court". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
    • Gresko, Jessica; Sherman, Mark (November 7, 2020). "Trump faces tough road in getting Supreme Court to intervene". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  304. ^ a b Liptak, Adam (December 11, 2020). "Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  305. ^ Solender, Andrew (December 11, 2020). "126 House Republicans Now Support Lawsuit To Overturn Election In Updated Brief". Forbes. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  306. ^ "Order in Pending Case" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. December 11, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  307. ^ "READ: Supreme Court order on Texas election case". CNN News. December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  308. ^ a b Kranish, Michael (March 28, 2022). "Inside Ted Cruz's last-ditch battle to keep Trump in power". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  309. ^ Farley, Robert (March 3, 2016). "Cruz's Record Before the Supreme Court". FactCheck.org. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  310. ^ Sneed, Tierney; Polantz, Katelyn; Murray, Sara (November 2, 2022). "Clarence Thomas was 'key' to a plan to delay certification of 2020 election, Trump lawyers said in emails | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  311. ^ a b
    • Cheney, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (December 19, 2020). "Trump sought to tap Sidney Powell as special counsel for election fraud". Politico. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
    • Haberman, Maggie; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (December 19, 2020). "Trump Weighed Naming Election Conspiracy Theorist as Special Counsel". The New York Times.
    • Liptak, Kevin; Brown, Pamela (December 21, 2020). "Heated Oval Office meeting included talk of special counsel, martial law as Trump advisers clash". CNN.
    • Rubin, Olivia; Mosk, Matthew; Santucci, John; Faulders, Katherine (December 20, 2020). "Fired attorney Sidney Powell is back, advising Trump to chart a scorched-earth course". ABC News.
    • Williams, Jordan (December 18, 2020). "Michael Flynn: Trump could deploy military to 'rerun' election". The Hill.
  312. ^ Lambe, Jerry (December 2, 2020). "Lawyers Condemn Michael Flynn and Lin Wood's 'Breathtakingly Morally Treasonous' Call for Trump to Declare Martial Law and Hold New Election". Law and Crime. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  313. ^ Blake, Andrew (December 1, 2020). "Sidney Powell shares post recommending military tribunals review election". The Washington Times. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  314. ^ Ackerman, Spencer; Weill, Kelly (December 2, 2020). "'When the Bombs Go Off, the Blood Is on Mike Flynn's Hands': Retired Officers Blast His Calls for Martial Law". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  315. ^ McDermott, Nathan; Kaczynski, Andrew; Steck, Em (December 4, 2020). "Trump Pentagon nominee spreads debunked conspiracies and tweets suggesting Trump declare martial law". CNN. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  316. ^ "US hero of Bosnia war named to the Pentagon". Yahoo!. AFP. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  317. ^ Ruiz, Michael (December 17, 2020). "Virginia gubernatorial candidate says 'Trump should declare martial law'". Fox News. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  318. ^ WRAL (December 15, 2020). "NC senator OK with suspending civil liberties in wake of Trump's defeat". WRAL.com. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  319. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Reid, Paula (January 31, 2022). "Exclusive: Trump advisers drafted more than one executive order to seize voting machines, sources tell CNN". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  320. ^ Swan, Jonathan (December 19, 2020). "Giuliani asks DHS about seizing voting machines". Axios. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  321. ^ a b Feuer, Alan; Haberman, Maggie; Schmidt, Michael S.; Broadwater, Luke (February 1, 2022). "Trump Had Role in Weighing Proposals to Seize Voting Machines". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  322. ^ a b Goodwin, Jazmin (December 20, 2020). "Trump's talk of martial law sends White House staffers rushing to the press". CNN. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  323. ^ a b Finkelstein, Claire O.; Painter, Richard (December 22, 2020). "Invoking Martial Law to Reverse the 2020 Election Could be Criminal Sedition". Just Security. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  324. ^ Kim, Noah Y. (December 18, 2020). "No, a 2018 executive order doesn't allow Trump to unilaterally impose martial law". PolitiFact. Retrieved January 5, 2021. PolitiFact spoke to six scholars of constitutional law and presidential power and asked them whether the executive order allows Trump to declare martial law. They were unanimous: It doesn't. ... Under the Constitution, the president does not have the power to unilaterally impose martial law.
  325. ^ Frum, David (December 20, 2020). "How Long Can This Continue?". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  326. ^ a b Carter, Ashton; Cheney, Dick; Cohen, William; Esper, Mark; Gates, Robert; Hagel, Chuck; Mattis, James; Panetta, Leon; Perry, William; Rumsfeld, Donald (January 3, 2021). "All 10 living former defense secretaries: Involving the military in election disputes would cross into dangerous territory". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  327. ^ Gattis, Paul (January 6, 2021). "Mo Brooks: Today patriots start 'kicking ass' in fighting vote results". AL.com. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  328. ^ Grisales, Claudia (January 6, 2021). "Here Are The Republicans Challenging Congress' Tally Of Election Results". NPR. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  329. ^ Zanona, Melanie (December 21, 2021). "House Republicans meet with Trump to discuss overturning election results". Politico. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
  330. ^ Walker, Hunter (December 12, 2022). "A Plot To Overturn An American Election". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  331. ^ Congressional Research Service (December 8, 2020). Counting Electoral Votes: An Overview of Procedures at the Joint Session, Including Objections by Members of Congress (PDF). Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  332. ^ The Editorial Board (October 2, 2021). "Jan 6 Was Worse Than We Knew". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  333. ^ Parton, Heather Digby (October 8, 2021). "Trump's coup plot was worse than anyone knew - Republicans are trying their best to make attempted coups now normal politics in America". Salon. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  334. ^ @visionsurreal (September 26, 2021). "Before it became the "Eastman memo," the plan to overthrow our democracy was known as Ivan Raiklin's "Pence Card."" (Tweet). Retrieved January 14, 2022 – via Twitter.
  335. ^ Evon, Dan (December 23, 2020). "Can Veep Play the 'Pence Card' and Reject US Election Results?". Snopes. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  336. ^ Levinson, Adam (December 24, 2020). "Why is the so-called "Pence Card" a canard?". statutesandstories.com. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  337. ^ Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy; Stuart, Elizabeth (September 14, 2021). "Woodward/Costa book: Worried Trump could 'go rogue,' Milley took secret action to protect nuclear weapons". CNN. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  338. ^ Collins, Kaitlan; Acosta, Jim (January 5, 2021). "Pence informed Trump that he can't block Biden's win". CNN. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  339. ^ a b c d Haberman, M.; Karni, A. (September 14, 2021). "Pence Said to Have Told Trump He Lacks Power to Change Election Result". The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  340. ^ Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie; Karni, Annie (January 13, 2021). "Pence Reached His Limit With Trump. It Wasn't Pretty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  341. ^ a b Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy (September 20, 2021). "Memo shows Trump lawyer's six-step plan for Pence to overturn the election". CNN. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  342. ^ Pengelly, Martin (January 10, 2021). "'Hang Mike Pence': Twitter stops phrase trending after Capitol riot". The Guardian. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  343. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica; Orr, Gabby (November 12, 2021). "Trump defends threats to Pence on January 6 in new audio". CNN. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  344. ^ Litvan, Laura (January 21, 2022). "McConnell Backs Effort to Overhaul Electoral Vote Count Law". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  345. ^ Harvey, Josephine (January 31, 2022). "Trump Ridiculed For Stunning Admission About What He Wanted From Pence On Jan. 6". HuffPost. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  346. ^ Date, S.V. (February 4, 2022). "Mike Pence Rebuts Trump's Claim That VP Can Overturn Election: 'President Trump Is Wrong'". HuffPost. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  347. ^ a b c d Schmidt, M.S.; Haberman, M. (October 2, 2021). "The Lawyer Behind the Memo on How Trump Could Stay in Office". The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  348. ^ Pagliery, Jose (December 28, 2021). "Trump Adviser Peter Navarro Lays Out How He and Bannon Planned to Overturn Biden's Electoral Win". Daily Beast. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  349. ^ Fandos, N.; Schmidt, M.S. (January 15, 2021). "Trump Allies Eye Long-Shot Election Reversal in Congress, Testing Pence". The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  350. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (June 2, 2022). "House January 6 committee obtains email outlining early plan to try to overturn Trump's 2020 loss". CNN. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  351. ^ McFall, Caitlin (January 2, 2021). "Trump, House Republicans held call to discuss Electoral College rejection: Brooks". Fox News. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  352. ^ Kruzel, John [@johnkruzel] (December 24, 2020). "Trump just RT'd a bizarre "memo" calling on VP Pence to reject certain Biden slates of electors on Dec. 6. Setting aside the kooky details here...big takeaway is that Trump is now publicly pressuring Pence to conspire in his bid to overturn the election" (Tweet). Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via Twitter.
  353. ^ a b c Cathey, L. (November 14, 2021). "Memo from Trump attorney outlined how Pence could overturn election, says new book". ABC News. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  354. ^ a b Swan, Betsy Woodruff; Cheney, Kyle (December 10, 2021). "Trump campaign lawyer authored two memos claiming Pence could halt Biden's victory". Politico. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  355. ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 1, 2020). "Disputing Trump, Barr says no widespread election fraud". Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  356. ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 14, 2020). "Trump says Barr resigning, will leave before Christmas". Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  357. ^ Benner, Katie (June 15, 2021). "Trump Pressed Official to Wield Justice Dept. to Back Election Claims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  358. ^ Swan, Betsy Woodruff; Wu, Nicholas (August 10, 2021). "Trump asked his AG about legal strategy to overturn election, Rosen tells senators". Politico. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  359. ^ a b Dawsey, Josh; Barrett, Devlin (July 28, 2021). "As Trump pushed for probes of 2020 election, he called acting AG Rosen almost daily". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  360. ^ Brown, Matthew (August 8, 2021). "Trump DOJ official Jeffrey Clark pushed acting AG to interfere in Georgia election: report". USA Today. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  361. ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 3, 2020). "Trump aide banned from Justice after trying to get case info". Associated Press. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  362. ^ a b Steakin, Will (November 16, 2021). "Trump allies pressed Defense Department to help overturn election, new book says". ABC News. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  363. ^ a b Bort, Ryan (November 16, 2021). "Michael Flynn Pushed Defense Department to Seize Ballots, Overturn Trump's Loss: Report". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  364. ^ a b Dawsey, Josh; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Brown, Emma; Swaine, Jon; Alemany, Jacqueline (February 3, 2022). "Memo circulated among Trump allies advocated using NSA data in attempt to prove stolen election". Washington Post. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  365. ^ Date, S.V. (December 23, 2022). "Trump's Eagerness To Use Military On June 2020 Protests Made Pentagon Coup-Wary". HuffPost. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  366. ^ Lowell, Hugo (February 4, 2022). "Revealed: Trump reviewed draft order that authorized voting machines to be seized". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  367. ^ Wire, Sarah D. (June 4, 2022). "Trump allies explored sending armed private contractors to seize voting machines in 2020 election". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  368. ^ Rucker, Philip; Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Dawsey, Josh; Costa, Robert (August 8, 2020). "The lost days of summer: How Trump fell short in containing the virus". Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2023. The president recently hosted Andrew Whitney, a biopharmaceuticals executive on the board of a company called Phoenix, who met in the Oval Office with Trump. Whitney, who has a limited health background, pitched Trump on a botanical extract called oleandrin as a treatment for the coronavirus, according to two senior administration officials with knowledge of the discussion. One official said Mike Lindell, a Trump booster and the chief executive of MyPillow – who stars as pitchman for his product in advertising on some of the Fox News shows Trump watches – helped arrange the meeting. Since then, Whitney has personally made overtures to senior leaders at the Food and Drug Administration, including its commissioner, Stephen Hahn, in an effort to get the agency to approve oleandrin as a treatment for the coronavirus.
  369. ^ Karl, Jonathan D. (November 9, 2021). "The Man Who Made January 6 Possible". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  370. ^ Cathey, Libby (November 14, 2021). "Memo from Trump attorney outlined how Pence could overturn election, says new book". ABC News. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  371. ^ Jacobs, Jennifer (January 14, 2021). "Trump Reconciles With Ex-Strategist Steve Bannon in Talks on Election". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  372. ^ a b Dawsey, Josh; Alemany, Jacqueline; Swaine, Jon; Brown, Emma (October 29, 2021). "During Jan 6 riot, Trump attorney told Pence team the vice president's inaction caused attack on Capitol". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  373. ^ Kaczynski, Andrew; Steck, Em (October 30, 2021). "Trump lawyer John Eastman said 'courage and the spine' would help Pence send election to the House in comments before January 6". CNN. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  374. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (October 30, 2021). "Washington Post: Trump lawyer John Eastman blamed Pence for January 6 violence by refusing to block 2020 election certification". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  375. ^ Broadwater, Luke (October 30, 2021). "Trump Lawyer Blamed Pence for Violence as Rioters Stormed Capitol – John Eastman, the author of a memo that some in both parties liken to a blueprint for a coup, sent a hostile email to the vice president's chief counsel as the mob attacked". The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  376. ^ Benner, Katie (August 11, 2021). "Former U.S. attorney in Atlanta says Trump wanted to fire him for not backing election fraud claims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  377. ^ Viswanatha, Aruna; Gurman, Sadie; McWhirter, Cameron (January 9, 2021). "White House Forced Georgia U.S. Attorney to Resign". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  378. ^ a b c d Potter, Trevor (December 17, 2020). "No, Jan. 6 isn't another chance for Trump to reverse the election". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  379. ^ Berman, Dan (January 1, 2021). "Pence asks judge to reject Gohmert lawsuit asking the VP to interfere in the Electoral College count". CNN. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  380. ^ O'Connell, Oliver (January 31, 2021). "Trump impeachment lawyers quit 10 days before Senate trial". The Independent. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  381. ^ a b Linton, Caroline (January 2, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert's attempt to force Pence to decide election results". CBS News. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  382. ^ a b "Order of Dismissal" (PDF). Gohmert v. Pence. January 1, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021 – via courtlistener.com. 6:20-cv-00660-JDK
  383. ^ Cheney, Kyle (December 28, 2020). "Gohmert suit may force Pence's hand in effort to overturn Trump's defeat". Politico. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  384. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (December 28, 2020). "Congressman, other Republicans sue Vice President Pence in last-ditch effort to overturn Biden win". CNBC. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  385. ^ Helderman, Rosalind S.; Wagner, John (December 31, 2020). "Pence seeks rejection of lawsuit that aimed to expand his power to overturn the election". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  386. ^ a b c Barrett, Devlin (January 1, 2021). "Judge dismisses Gohmert lawsuit seeking to stymie Biden electoral college count". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  387. ^ Edmondson, Catie; Haberman, Maggie (January 1, 2021). "Federal Judge Dismisses Election Lawsuit Against Pence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  388. ^ Gerstein, Josh; Cheney, Kyle (January 1, 2021). "Federal appeals court tosses Gohmert suit aimed at overturning 2020 election results". Politico. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  389. ^ Smith, Allan; Jester, Julia; Thompson, Priscilla (January 3, 2021). "Trump begs Georgia secretary of state to overturn election results in remarkable, hourlong phone call". NBC News. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  390. ^ Duster, Chandelis; Cole, Devan (January 3, 2021). "In call, Trump demands Georgia officials 'find' votes to tilt election". CNN News. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  391. ^ a b Gardner, Amy; Firozi, Paula (January 3, 2021). "Here's the full transcript and audio of the call between Trump and Raffensperger". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  392. ^ Caputo, Marc (January 4, 2021). "POLITICO Playbook: The backstory of Trump's Georgia call". Politico. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  393. ^ a b c d e f g Amy, Jeff; Superville, Darlene; Brumback, Kate (January 3, 2021). "Trump, on tape, presses Ga. official to 'find' him votes". Associated Press. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  394. ^ Bluestein, Greg (January 3, 2021). "Trump demands Georgia elections official overturn his defeat in hourlong call". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  395. ^ Breland, Ali (January 3, 2021). "Trump called the Georgia secretary of state and pressured him to find more nonexistent votes". Mother Jones. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  396. ^ a b Bice, Allie; Cheney, Kyle; Kumar, Anita (January 3, 2021). "Trump's pressure on Georgia election officials raises legal questions". Politico. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  397. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Saul, Stephanie (January 3, 2021). "Trump, in Taped Call, Pressured Georgia Official to 'Find' Votes to Overturn Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  398. ^ Sweeney, Don; Aldridge, Bailey (January 3, 2021). "'The truth's on tape.' Reactions to leaked Trump call seeking to overturn Georgia vote". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  399. ^ Morris, Jason; Murray, Sara (March 11, 2021). "Wall Street Journal: Trump pressured Georgia investigator to find 'the right answer' in baseless fraud push". CNN. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  400. ^ Morris, Jason (March 15, 2021). "Officials located December recording of Trump call in a trash folder on Georgia investigator's device". CNN. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  401. ^ Lipton, Eric (January 3, 2021). "Trump Call to Georgia Official Might Violate State and Federal Law". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  402. ^ Nichols, John (January 4, 2021). "Trump's Solicitation of Election Fraud Is His Highest Crime". The Nation. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  403. ^ Lozada, Carlos (October 8, 2021). "Adam Schiff points to a second insurrection – by members of Congress themselves – In his memoir ["Midnight In Washington: How We Almost Lost Our Democracy and Still Could"], the House Intelligence Committee chair argues America barely passed Trump's "stress test" of American democracy". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  404. ^ Pengelly, Martin; Luscombe, Richard (January 3, 2021). "'I just want 11,780 votes': Trump pressed Georgia to overturn Biden victory". The Guardian. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  405. ^ Smith, Allan; Moe, Alex (January 4, 2021). "Democrats ask FBI Director Wray to open criminal probe into Trump after leaked phone call". NBC News. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  406. ^ Falconer, Rebecca; Rummler, Orion (January 3, 2021). ""Impeachable offense": Democrats react to Trump's Georgia call". Axios. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  407. ^ Hayes, Christal (January 4, 2021). "90 House Dems support Trump censure after leaked GA election call". USA Today. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  408. ^ a b Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy (January 4, 2021). "House Republicans rush to Trump's defense over Georgia call as Democrats prep censure resolution". CNN News. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  409. ^ Fowler, Stephen (February 10, 2021). "Georgia District Attorney Is Investigating Trump's Call To Overturn Election". NPR. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  410. ^ Hallerman, Tamar (January 24, 2022). "Fulton judges greenlight special grand jury for Trump probe". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  411. ^ a b c Levine, Marianne; Zanona, Melanie (January 4, 2021). "'A new low': Republicans chastise Trump over his Raffensperger call". Politico. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  412. ^ Hains, Tim (January 3, 2021). "David Perdue Says It is "Disgusting" Trump Call With Georgia Secretary Of State Was Leaked" (Video). Real Clear Politics. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  413. ^ a b c Benner, Katie (January 23, 2021). "Trump and Justice Dept. Lawyer Said to Have Plotted to Oust Acting Attorney General". The New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  414. ^ Bravin, Jess; Gurman, Sadie (January 24, 2021). "Trump Pressed Justice Department to Go Directly to Supreme Court to Overturn Election Results". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  415. ^ Mena, Kelly (January 24, 2021). "The Wall Street Journal: Trump pressured DOJ to file case with Supreme Court to overturn election results". CNN. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  416. ^ Faulders, Katherine (August 3, 2021). "DOJ officials rejected colleague's request to intervene in Georgia's election certification: Emails". ABC News. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  417. ^ Balsamo, Mike (December 1, 2020). "Disputing Trump, Barr says no widespread election fraud". Associated Press. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  418. ^ Zapotosky, Matt; Barrett, Devlin; Leonnig, Carol D. (January 23, 2021). "Trump entertained plan to install an attorney general who would help him pursue baseless election fraud claims". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  419. ^ Brenner, Katie (August 7, 2021). "Former Acting Attorney General Testifies About Trump's Efforts to Subvert Election". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  420. ^ Perez, Evan (August 7, 2021). "Interviews with former Justice Department officials provide new details on Trump efforts to undermine election results". CNN. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  421. ^ Barr, Luke; Mallin, Alexander (October 7, 2021). "Senate report describes Trump, allies' efforts to use DOJ to subvert 2020 election". ABC News. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  422. ^ Benner, Katie (June 5, 2021). "Meadows Pressed Justice Dept. to Investigate Election Fraud Claims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  423. ^ Cohen, Zachary; LeBlanc, Paul; McCullough, Colin (December 12, 2021). "Meadows said National Guard would be ready to 'protect pro Trump people' before Capitol insurrection, House investigators say". CNN. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  424. ^ Benen, Steve (December 17, 2021). "Contributor to conspiratorial PowerPoint slides gets Jan. 6 subpoena". MSNBC.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  425. ^ Broadwater, Luke; Feuer, Alan (December 10, 2021). "Jan. 6 Committee Examines PowerPoint Document Sent to Meadows". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  426. ^ Brown, Emma; Swaine, Jon; Alemany, Jacqueline; Dawsey, Josh; Hamburger, Tom (December 11, 2021). "Phil Waldron, backer of Jan. 6 PowerPoint, says he met with Mark Meadows, briefed lawmakers". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  427. ^ Hayes, Chris (December 15, 2021). Jan. 6 probe witnesses speak out. All In with Chris Hayes. MSNBC. Event occurs at 49:55. Archived from the original on January 16, 2022. Transcript: All In with Chris Hayes, 12/15/21. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  428. ^ Olander, Olivia (November 9, 2022). "'People are gonna think you're stupid': Trump warned Pence not to 'wimp out' before Jan. 6, Pence writes". Politico. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  429. ^ Politi, Daniel (January 3, 2021). "Peter Navarro Falsely Claims in TV Interview Biden Inauguration Could Be Delayed". Slate. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  430. ^ Lucey, C.; Leary, A. (January 5, 2021). "Pence Faces Dilemma Over Biden Election Confirmation, as Trump Digs In". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  431. ^ a b Niedzwiadek, Nick; Cheney, Kyle (January 5, 2021). "Trump pressures Pence to throw out election results – even though he can't". Politico. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  432. ^ a b c Graham, David (December 15, 2021). "The Paperwork Coup". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  433. ^ Swan, Betsy Woodruff; Cheney, Kyle (June 11, 2022). "Pence-world's final takedown of Trump's Jan. 6 bid to remain in power revealed in his lawyer's memo". Politico. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  434. ^ Jacoby, J. (January 7, 2021). "This is what Trump told supporters before many stormed Capitol Hill". ABC News. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  435. ^ Giuliani, R.; Eastman, J. (January 6, 2021). "Rudy Giuliani Speech Transcript at Trump's Washington, D.C. Rally: Wants 'Trial by Combat'". Rev.com. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  436. ^ a b c Baker, Peter (June 8, 2022). "How Jared Kushner Washed His Hands of Donald Trump Before Jan. 6". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
  437. ^ a b Fandos, Nicholas (December 15, 2020). "Defying Trump, McConnell Seeks to Squelch Bid to Overturn the Election". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  438. ^ Brockell, Gillian (January 5, 2021). "The senators who were expelled after refusing to accept Lincoln's election". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  439. ^ a b c Everett, Burgess (January 1, 2021). "'Exercise in futility': Republicans lambaste Hawley's push to challenge election". Politico. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  440. ^ Axelrod, Tal (December 31, 2020). "Outgoing GOP congressman criticizes Hawley for fundraising off Electoral College challenge". The Hill. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  441. ^ Isenstadt, Alex (December 21, 2020). "Hawley faces heat from Senate Republicans over Electoral College plans". Politico. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  442. ^ Sneve, Joe (January 1, 2021). "Trump again attacks Thune via Twitter, Noem repeats she won't challenge for Senate seat". Sioux Falls Argus Leader. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  443. ^ Schmidt, Michael S. (January 5, 2021). "Trump Says Pence Can Overturn His Loss in Congress. That's Not How It Works". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  444. ^ Wise, Alana (January 6, 2021). "Pence Says He Doesn't Have Power To Reject Electoral Votes". NPR. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  445. ^ Hayes, Steve (January 6, 2021). "Giuliani to Senator: 'Try to Just Slow it Down'". The Dispatch. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  446. ^ Serfaty, Sunlen; Cole, Devan; Rogers, Alex (January 9, 2021). "As riot raged at Capitol, Trump tried to call senators to overturn election". CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  447. ^ Stevens, Harry; Santamariña, Daniela; Rabinowitz, Kate; Uhrmacher, Kevin; Muyskens, John (January 7, 2021). "How members of Congress voted on counting the electoral college vote". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  448. ^ Chang, Alvin (January 7, 2021). "The long list of Republicans who voted to reject election results". The Guardian. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  449. ^ Fox, Lauren (February 5, 2021). "Democratic Rep. Zoe Lofgren quietly releases massive social media report on GOP colleagues who voted to overturn the election". CNN. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  450. ^ a b c Lang, Marissa J. (December 30, 2020). "Jan. 6 protests multiply as Trump continues to call supporters to Washington". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  451. ^ Shaw, Adam (December 19, 2020). "Trump promises 'wild' protest in Washington DC on Jan 6, claims it's 'impossible' he lost". Fox News. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  452. ^ Editorial Board (December 30, 2020). "Trump is inciting chaos on Jan. 6, both in and outside the Capitol". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  453. ^ a b Jackson, David; Brown, Matthew (January 2, 2021). "'Wild' protests: Police brace for pro-Trump rallies when Congress meets Jan 6 to certify Biden's win". USA Today. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  454. ^ Hermann, Peter; Weil, Martin (January 4, 2021). "Proud Boys leader arrested in the burning of Black Lives Matter banner, D.C. police say". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  455. ^ Feldman, Josh (January 6, 2021). "Trump Supporters Breach Capitol Building as Violent Clashes Continue". Mediaite. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  456. ^ Dupree, Jamie [@jamiedupree] (January 6, 2021). "A protester sitting in the chair of the Senate chamber pic.twitter.com/4FZ5Rziqd9" (Tweet). Retrieved November 21, 2021 – via Twitter.
  457. ^ Smith, Allan; Gibson, Ginger; Arkin, Daniel; Williams, Pete (January 6, 2021). "Senate evacuated, National Guard activated after pro-Trump protesters storm Capitol". NBC News. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  458. ^ Wild, Whitney; Duster, Chandelis (August 23, 2021). "US Capitol Police says shooting of January 6 rioter Ashli Babbitt was 'lawful'". CNN. Archived from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  459. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (January 9, 2021). "Capitol attack: the five people who died". The Guardian. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  460. ^ Hermann, Peter; Hsu, Spencer S. (April 19, 2021). "Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick, who engaged rioters, suffered two strokes and died of natural causes, officials say". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  461. ^ Polantz, Katelyn (October 21, 2021). "DOJ plans for Secret Service testimony about Pence at first scheduled Capitol riot trial". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  462. ^ Castronuovo, Celine (July 16, 2021). "Pence refused to leave Capitol during riot: book". The Hill. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  463. ^ Mangan, Dan; Pramuk, Jacob; Breuninger, Kevin (January 7, 2021). "Congress confirms Biden election as president, morning after Trump-fueled mob invades Capitol". CNBC. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  464. ^ Arkin, William M. (January 3, 2022). "Exclusive: Secret Commandos with Shoot-to-Kill Authority Were at the Capitol". Newsweek. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  465. ^ Gangel, Jamie (January 3, 2022). "January 6 committee has 'firsthand' knowledge of Trump's behavior during the riot from multiple sources". CNN News. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  466. ^ Ward, Myah (April 10, 2022). "Cheney says Jan. 6 committee has enough evidence for a criminal referral for Trump – Her statement followed a New York Times report that said the panel is divided on whether to move forward". Politico. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  467. ^ a b Schmidt, Michael S.; Broadwater, Luke (April 10, 2022). "Jan. 6 Panel Has Evidence for Criminal Referral of Trump, but Splits on Sending". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  468. ^ Cohen, Zachary (April 21, 2023). "Exclusive: Text messages reveal Trump operatives considered using breached voting data to decertify Georgia's Senate runoff in 2021". CNN.
  469. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Morris, Jason (September 6, 2022). "Newly obtained surveillance video shows fake Trump elector escorted operatives into Georgia county's elections office before voting machine breach". CNN. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  470. ^ Cohen, Zachary (August 15, 2023). "Indictment zeroes in on Trump supporters who breached voting system in Coffee County, Georgia". CNN. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
  471. ^ a b c Jacobs, Ben (January 16, 2021). "Even the Guy the MyPillow CEO Wanted to Enlist for a Coup Is Confused". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  472. ^ Bort, Ryan (January 16, 2021). "Trump Calls in Pillow Salesman to Discuss Possibility of Instituting Martial Law". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  473. ^ Bump, Philip (January 16, 2021). "A pillow salesman apparently has some ideas about declaring martial law". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  474. ^ Riga, Kate (January 15, 2021). "MyPillow CEO Spotted Bringing Notes To WH That Appear To Reference 'Martial Law,' Installing New CIA Director". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  475. ^ Olorunnipa, Toluse; Ye Hee Lee, Michelle (February 6, 2021). "Trump's lie that the election was stolen has cost $519 million (and counting) as taxpayers fund enhanced security, legal fees, property repairs and more". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  476. ^ Collins, Ben; Zadrozny, Brandy (March 2, 2021). "D.C. police, FBI on alert ahead of QAnon's 'true Inauguration Day'". NBC News. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  477. ^ Balsamo, Michael (March 3, 2021). "Police uncover 'possible plot' by militia to breach Capitol". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  478. ^ Smith, Allan (June 4, 2021). "Not just Arizona: Republicans push more partisan election inquiries". NBC News. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  479. ^ Robinson, Samuel J. (October 6, 2021). "3 Michigan Republicans join national call for 'forensic audit' of 2020 election". MLive.com. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  480. ^ Gardner, Amy; Brown, Emma; Dawsey, Josh (December 22, 2021). "Inside the nonstop pressure campaign by Trump allies to get election officials to revisit the 2020 vote". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  481. ^ Cassidy, Christina A. (December 14, 2021). "Far too little vote fraud to tip election to Trump, AP finds". Associated Press. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  482. ^ Cooper, Jonathan J.; Christie, Bob (May 10, 2021). "Inside Arizona's election audit, GOP fraud fantasies live on". Associated Press. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  483. ^ Stone, Kevin (July 15, 2021). "Arizona Sen. Karen Fann at audit hearing: 'This is not about Trump'". KTAR-FM. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  484. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Colarossi, Natalie (May 1, 2021). "Trump Suggests Arizona Recount Will Be First Domino to Fall: 'Let's See What They Find'". Newsweek. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
    • T, Anthony (April 22, 2021). "Maricopa County Are Moving Machines To Be Audited". welovetrump.com. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
    • Quill, Vince (May 3, 2021). "AZ GOP Chair Kelli Ward: Arizona Is The First Domino That Will Fall". welovetrump.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
    • Warner, Bruce (May 11, 2021). "Bruce Warner: How 2020 election could be overturned". havasunews.com. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  485. ^ Bradner, Eric; Rappard, Anna-Maja (September 24, 2021). "Final report from partisan Arizona review confirms Biden defeated Trump in Maricopa County last November". CNN. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  486. ^ Healy, Jack; Wines, Michael; Corasaniti, Nick (September 24, 2021). "Republican Review of Arizona Vote Fails to Show Stolen Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  487. ^ Leary, Alex (September 24, 2021). "Arizona GOP's Election Audit Confirms Biden Win in Draft Report". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  488. ^ Flynn, Sheila (September 25, 2021). "Arizona governor says state won't decertify 2020 election results, 'outcome stands'". The Independent. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  489. ^ "Correcting the Record: Maricopa County's In-Depth Analysis of the Senate Inquiry" (PDF). Maricopa County Elections Department & Office of the Recorder. Maricopa County, Arizona. January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  490. ^ Clark, Dartunorro (January 6, 2022). "Cyber Ninjas, company that led Arizona GOP election 'audit,' is shutting down". NBC News. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  491. ^ Jonathan J. Cooper; Bob Christie (April 7, 2022). "Arizona AG letter offers no proof of 2020 election fraud". Associated Press.
  492. ^ Yvonne Wingett Sanchez; Isaac Stanley-Becker (February 22, 2023). "Arizona's top prosecutor concealed records debunking election fraud claims". The Washington Post.
  493. ^ Niesse, Mark (October 12, 2021). "No counterfeit ballots found by Georgia election investigators". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  494. ^ Murray, Sara; Morris, Jason; Gallagher, Dianne; Schouten, Fredreka (May 24, 2021). "Another ballot audit set to move ahead in Fulton County, Georgia, as judge rules absentee ballots can be unsealed". CNN. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  495. ^ Morris, Jason (June 25, 2021). "Georgia judge dismisses most of lawsuit seeking inspection of Fulton County ballots". CNN. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  496. ^ Murray, Sara; Janfaza, Rachel (October 13, 2021). "Judge dismisses Fulton County ballot review case in Georgia". CNN. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  497. ^ Amy, Jeff (December 10, 2021). "Georgia's Perdue sues over 2020 election, pushes fraud claim". Associated Press. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  498. ^ Niesse, Mark (December 27, 2021). "Alleged 'dead' Georgia voters found alive and well after 2020 election". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  499. ^ Keith, Annisa (September 30, 2021). "Allegations made by MyPillow founder spur Bonner County vote recount". krem.com. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  500. ^ Lonas, Lexi (October 8, 2021). "Idaho GOP official says he is sending Mike Lindell bill for election audit". The Hill. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  501. ^ Norimine, Hayat (October 7, 2021). "Idaho wants MyPillow CEO to pay for costs to refute his false election fraud claim". Idaho Statesman.
  502. ^ a b Helderman, Rosalind S. (June 6, 2021). "'It was like This Rogue Thing': How the Push by Trump Allies to Undermine the 2020 Results Through Ballot Reviews Started Quietly in Pennsylvania". Washington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  503. ^ Parish, Marley (October 31, 2021). "'An unprecedented situation': Loose ends remain in Fulton County election review". Pennsylvania Capital-Star. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
  504. ^ Duda, Jeremy (May 24, 2021). "Group led by 'kraken' lawyer Sidney Powell hired the firm recounting AZ's election to probe a PA election". Arizona Mirror. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
  505. ^ Duda, Jeremy (May 21, 2021). "Wake Technology Services Audited a Pennsylvania Election as Part of the #StopTheSteal Movement". Arizona Mirror. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  506. ^ Mimms, Sarah (September 9, 2021). "Pennsylvania Republicans' Attempts At A 2020 Election "Audit" Are Off To An Awkward Start". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
  507. ^ Delano, Jon (August 25, 2021). "State Senate President Jake Corman Renews Investigation Of 2020 Election, But Claims Trump Is Not Directing The Show". CBS Pittsburgh. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  508. ^ Viebeck, Elise (August 24, 2021). "In latest bow to Trump, GOP lawmakers in Pennsylvania plan to launch hearings on 2020 vote". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  509. ^ Viebeck, Elise; Helderman, Rosalind S. (September 15, 2021). "Pennsylvania GOP lawmakers approve wide-ranging subpoenas for personal information of 2020 voters". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  510. ^ Seidman, Andrew; Lai, Jonathan (September 29, 2021). "What to know about Pennsylvania Republicans' investigation of the 2020 election". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  511. ^ Levy, Marc (September 23, 2021). "Pennsylvania prosecutor sues to block GOP election subpoena". Associated Press. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  512. ^ Gavin, Kevin; Williams, Marylee; Tsutsui, Laura; Reese, Rebecca (October 7, 2021). "Senator Jake Corman says he accepts November election results, but wants audit for oversight of Department of State". WESA. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  513. ^ Goldenstein, Taylor (December 21, 2020). "Ken Paxton's beefed-up 2020 voter fraud unit closed 16 minor cases, all in Harris County". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  514. ^ Goldstein, Taylor (December 17, 2021). "Texas AG Paxton's $2.2M voter fraud unit closed three cases in 2021. GOP lawmakers still boosted its budget". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  515. ^ Murray, Sara (September 25, 2021). "County officials in Texas say they are in the dark following 'audit' announcement". CNN. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  516. ^ Heinz, Frank (December 31, 2021). "Preliminary Findings of 2020 Election Audit Finds Little Trouble in Big Texas Counties". KXAS-TV. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  517. ^ Weber, Paul J. (October 21, 2021). "Gov. Abbott Appoints New Secretary of State; Elections Chief Joined Trump's Challenge in 2020". KXAS-TV. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  518. ^ Bauer, Scott (May 21, 2021). "27 possible voter fraud cases in 3 million Wisconsin ballots". Associated Press. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  519. ^ Marley, Patrick (February 11, 2021). "Republican lawmakers order an audit of Wisconsin's elections". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  520. ^ Marley, Patrick (May 26, 2021). "Top Wisconsin Republican Robin Vos hires former cops to investigate November election". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  521. ^ a b White, Laurel (September 22, 2021). "What's The Status Of GOP-Backed Election Investigations In Wisconsin?". Wisconsin Public Radio. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  522. ^ Beck, Molly (June 26, 2021). "A former Wisconsin Supreme Court justice will oversee the latest election review sought by the state's GOP leaders". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
  523. ^ Marley, Patrick (September 13, 2017). "Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Michael Gableman being vetted for Trump job". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
  524. ^ Elise, Viebeck (October 14, 2021). "Calls intensify to end Wisconsin's election review amid blunders by ex-judge in charge". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  525. ^ Bradner, Eric (October 18, 2021). "Calls to end Wisconsin Republicans' review of 2020 election grow amid investigator's blunders". CNN.
  526. ^ Bauer, Scott (October 23, 2021). "Wisconsin audit finds elections are 'safe and secure'". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  527. ^ Blake, Aaron (December 9, 2021). "A conservative group debunks Trump's voter-fraud claims (yet again)". The Washington Post.
  528. ^ Redman, Henry (March 3, 2023). "Third ethics complaint filed against Gableman". Wisconsin Examiner.
  529. ^ Graziosi, Craig (August 13, 2021). "Critics mock believers in Trump's 'reinstatement day'". The Independent. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  530. ^ Harvey, Josephine (November 24, 2021). "Mike Lindell Finally Reveals His Supreme Court Complaint, And Critics Have Notes". news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  531. ^ Johnson, Kevin (October 7, 2021). "'Subverting Justice': Senate panel details the 9 times Trump pressured DOJ to overturn election results". USA Today. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  532. ^ Levine, Marianne (March 6, 2019). "McConnell won't allow vote on election reform bill". Politico. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  533. ^ Parks, Miles (December 23, 2022). "Congress passes election reform designed to ward off another Jan. 6". NPR.
  534. ^ "Senators announce deal on electoral college reforms in wake of January 6". The Guardian. July 20, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  535. ^ "Senate Bill 4574".
  536. ^ Izaguirre, Anthony; Coronado, Acacia (January 31, 2021). "GOP lawmakers seek tougher voting rules after record turnout". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  537. ^ McCaskill, Nolan D. (March 15, 2021). "After Trump's loss and false fraud claims, GOP eyes voter restrictions across nation". Politico. Archived from the original on March 15, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  538. ^ "Voting Laws Roundup: October 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. October 4, 2021. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  539. ^ "State Voting Bills Tracker 2021". Brennan Center for Justice. February 24, 2021. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  540. ^ Corisaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid J. (March 23, 2021). "G.O.P. and Allies Draft 'Best Practices' for Restricting Voting". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  541. ^ Corasaniti, Nick (March 24, 2021). "Republicans Aim to Seize More Power Over How Elections Are Run". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  542. ^ Gardner, Amy (March 26, 2021). "After Trump tried to intervene in the 2020 vote, state Republicans are moving to take more control of elections". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  543. ^ Kalmbacher, Colin (May 26, 2021). "Arizona GOP Bill Would Allow GOP-Controlled State Legislature to Strip Key Election Powers from Democratic Secretary of State". Law & Crime. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  544. ^ Gardner, Amy (May 29, 2021). "Texas Republicans finalize bill that would enact stiff new voting restrictions and make it easier to overturn election results". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  545. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Berzon, Alexandra (May 8, 2023). "Under the Radar, Right-Wing Push to Tighten Voting Laws Persists". The New York Times.
  546. ^ Dovere, Isaac; Herb, Jeremy (October 26, 2021). "'It's absolutely getting worse': Secretaries of state targeted by Trump election lies live in fear for their safety and are desperate for protection". CNN. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
  547. ^ Freking, Kevin (July 2, 2021). "A look at 8 lawmakers appointed to probe Jan. 6 attack". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  548. ^ a b Broadwater, Luke (June 9, 2022). "'Trump Was at the Center': Jan. 6 Hearing Lays Out Case in Vivid Detail". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  549. ^ a b Baker, Peter (June 9, 2022). "Trump Is Depicted as a Would-Be Autocrat Seeking to Hang Onto Power at All Costs – As the Jan. 6 committee outlined during its prime-time hearing, Donald J. Trump executed a seven-part conspiracy to overturn a free and fair democratic election". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  550. ^ "Bennie G. Thompson and Liz Cheney to President Donald J. Trump" (PDF). january6th.house.gov. October 21, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  551. ^ Thompson, Bennie; Cheney, Liz (November 14, 2022). "Thompson & Cheney Statement on Donald Trump's Defiance of Select Committee Subpoena". Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (january6th.house.gov). Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  552. ^ Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief, Trump v. Select Committee et al. (S.D. Fla., November 11, 2022) (No. 9:22-cv-81758).
  553. ^ "How Bundestag elections work". Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  554. ^ Stanley-Becker, Isaac (September 25, 2021). "Election fraud, QAnon, Jan. 6: Far-right extremists in Germany read from a pro-Trump script". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  555. ^ Feuer, Alan; Benner, Katie; Haberman, Maggie (March 30, 2022). "Justice Dept. Widens Jan. 6 Inquiry to Range of Pro-Trump Figures". The New York Times.
  556. ^ Feuer, Alan; Broadwater, Luke; Haberman, Maggie (April 5, 2022). "Justice Dept. Investigation of Jan. 6 Confronts Sprawling Cast of Characters". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  557. ^ Date, S.V. (May 17, 2022). "Fake Wisconsin Trump Electors, Already Under DOJ Investigation, Now Face Civil Suit, Too". HuffPost. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  558. ^ Welch, David (April 2, 2022). "Trump Rallies in Michigan to Put His Stamp on Republican Primary". Bloomberg. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  559. ^ Tribe, Laurence H.; Buchanan, Neil H.; Dorf, Michael C. (September 27, 2021). "How to prevent the legal strategy that nearly undid the last election from ending democracy - Congress needs to act and the executive branch needs to step up". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  560. ^ Tribe, Laurence H.; Ayer, Donald; Aftergut, Dennis (December 23, 2021). "Will Donald Trump Get Away With Inciting an Insurrection". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  561. ^ Keating, Joshua (November 13, 2020). "Whatever Trump Is Doing, It Isn't a "Coup": But the long-term effect could be similarly damaging". Slate. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  562. ^ Harkness, Kristen A. (June 1, 2016). "The Ethnic Army and the State: Explaining Coup Traps and the Difficulties of Democratization in Africa". Journal of Conflict Resolution. 60 (4): 587–616. doi:10.1177/0022002714545332. hdl:10023/9391. ISSN 0022-0027. S2CID 54538341.
  563. ^ Eaton, Paul D.; Taguba, Antonio M.; Anderson, Steven M. (December 17, 2021). "Opinion: 3 retired generals: The military must prepare now for a 2024 insurrection". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  564. ^ Carolan, Kelsey; Beitsch, Rebecca (April 12, 2022). "John Eastman reportedly pressures Wisconsin legislature to decertify 2020 election". The Hill. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  565. ^ Hsu, Spencer S. (May 2, 2022). "Judge rejects RNC bid to block email, fundraising data from Jan. 6 panel – House probes whether Trump, RNC profited from and stoked violence through false, inflammatory claims of election fraud". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
  566. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Yourish, Karen; Collins, Keith (May 22, 2022). "How Trump's 2020 Election Lies – Have Gripped State Legislatures". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  567. ^ Edelman, Adam (May 22, 2022). "Election deniers who say Trump won in 2020 are running to be top cop in 4 battleground states – At least 15 people who push false claims about the 2020 results are running for attorney general in 14 states, including four swing states, according to a group tracking the races". NBC News. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  568. ^ Paybarah, Azi; Montgomery, David (June 19, 2022). "Texas Republicans Approve Far-Right Platform Declaring Biden's Election Illegitimate". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  569. ^ Gregorian, Dareh; Hillyard, Vaughn (July 20, 2022). "Wisconsin House speaker says Trump called him to overturn 2020 results – 20 months after election". NBC News. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
  570. ^ Gage, Brandon (August 29, 2022). "Trump demands "new election immediately" in bizarre Truth Social rant". Salon.com. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  571. ^ Astor, Maggie (December 4, 2022). "Trump's Call for 'Termination' of Constitution Draws Rebukes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
  572. ^ "Trump Is Lying About Another Election Being 'Stolen' From Him – The One Still A Year Away". HuffPost. October 7, 2023. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  573. ^ Grimmer, Justin; Garro, Haritz; Eggers, Andrew C. (February 3, 2021). "No Evidence For Voter Fraud: A Guide To Statistical Claims About The 2020 Election". Hoover Institution.
  574. ^ Dawsey, Josh (February 11, 2023). "Trump campaign paid researchers to prove 2020 fraud but kept findings secret". The Washington Post.
  575. ^ Maggie Haberman; Glenn Thrush; Alan Feuer (February 12, 2023). "Jack Smith, Special Counsel for Trump Inquiries, Steps Up the Pace". The New York Times.
  576. ^ Dawsey, Josh (March 17, 2023). "Trump-commissioned report undercut his claims of dead and double voters". The Washington Post.
  577. ^ Dawsey, Josh (April 27, 2023). "A second firm hired by Trump campaign found no evidence of election fraud". The Washington Post.
  578. ^ a b Eastman v Thompson, et al., 8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260, 44 (S.D. Cal. May 28, 2022) ("Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower – it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.").
  579. ^ Holland, Steve; Mason, Jeff; Spetalnick, Matt; Shalal, Andrea (January 14, 2021). "Inside Trump's final days: Aides struggle to contain an angry, isolated president". Reuters. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
  580. ^ Singh, Maanvi (June 10, 2022). "Ivanka Trump says she does not believe father's claim 2020 election was stolen". the Guardian. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  581. ^ Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2023). Tyranny of the minority: why American democracy reached the breaking point (First ed.). New York: Crown. pp. 130–132. ISBN 978-0-593-44307-1.
  582. ^ Mascaro, Lisa; Jalonick, Mary Clare (January 3, 2021). "Republicans condemn GOP 'scheme' to undo election for Trump". Associated Press. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  583. ^ Schwarzenegger, Arnold (January 5, 2021). "Judgment Day: Arnold Schwarzenegger on why Republicans must stop Trump". The Economist. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  584. ^ The Editorial board (December 11, 2020). "The Republicans Who Embraced Nihilism – The Supreme Court thwarts the latest Trumpist attack on American democracy". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  585. ^ Chapman, Matthew (December 9, 2020). "The GOP Is an 'Organized Conspiracy' That Exists for 'No Purpose Other Than Power' Says Steve Schmidt". TheNewCivilRightsMovement.com. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  586. ^ Schmidt, Steve; et al. (December 9, 2020). "Steve Schmidt says the GOP is an 'organized conspiracy' to gain power – video (2:43)". MSNBC News. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  587. ^ Hains, Tim (December 10, 2020). ""Lincoln Project" Founder Steve Schmidt Warns: "The Republican Party Is An Organized Conspiracy" And They Just Crossed The Rubicon". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  588. ^ Lamothe, Dan (January 3, 2021). "The time to question election results has passed, all living former defense secretaries say". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  589. ^ Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa (January 8, 2021). "Cruz's former spokeswoman says she does not recognize him anymore". CNN. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  590. ^ a b c Everett, Burgess; Zanona, Melanie (November 6, 2020). "GOP begins pushing back against Trump's false election claims". Politico. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  591. ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Edmonson, Catie (November 19, 2020). "'Absolutely outrageous.' Joni Ernst bristles at Trump team's groundless claims about election results". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  592. ^ a b c Daly, Matthew (November 6, 2020). "GOP divided over Trump's baseless claims of election fraud". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  593. ^ Daly, Matthew (November 5, 2020). "Some in GOP break with Trump over baseless vote-fraud claims". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  594. ^ Bradner, Eric (November 8, 2020). "Bush congratulates Biden, says election was 'fundamentally fair' and 'its outcome is clear'". CNN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  595. ^ DeCiccio, Emily (November 11, 2020). "Former Bush chief of staff cites 9/11 Commission, warns about slow transition". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  596. ^ a b Solender, Andrew (November 13, 2020). "Ex-Trump Intelligence Chief Dan Coats Among 20 New Republicans Calling Biden President-Elect". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  597. ^ Goldmacher, Shane; Cochrane, Emily (November 12, 2020). "Small Cracks Emerge in G.O.P. Support for Trump's Baseless Fraud Claims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  598. ^ Langlois, Shawn (November 9, 2020). "Condoleezza Rice calls for 'respect' and 'empathy' from both sides – and gets the exact opposite". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  599. ^ Shepherd, Katie (November 6, 2020). "GOP splits over Trump's false election claims, unfounded fraud allegations". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  600. ^ Perkins, Tom (November 6, 2020). "Donald Trump's baseless vote fraud claim opens cracks in Republican ranks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  601. ^ Fuchs, Hailey; Delkic, Melina; Cameron, Chris (November 15, 2020). "Presidential Transition: As More Republicans Break With Trump, He Refuses to Budge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  602. ^ Sayers, Devon M.; Gangel, Jamie; Nobles, Ryan (January 28, 2021). "McCarthy and Trump discuss Republicans' plans to win House majority at Florida meeting Thursday". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  603. ^ Neidzwadek, Nick (January 13, 2021). "McCarthy says Trump 'bears responsibility' for Capitol riot". Politico. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  604. ^ Herb, Jeremy (May 18, 2021). "McCarthy won't support January 6 commission and sides with Republicans downplaying the insurrection". CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  605. ^ Mulcahy, Susan (May 2016). "Confessions of a Trump Tabloid Scribe". Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  606. ^ "Trump's Bad Exit". The Wall Street Journal. December 20, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  607. ^ Tracy, Marc (December 28, 2020). "Murdoch's New York Post Blasts President's Fraud Claims". The New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  608. ^ Goldman, David (December 28, 2020). "New York Post to Donald Trump: Stop the insanity". CNN. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  609. ^ Stelter, Brian (September 15, 2020). "Trump says weekly calls on 'Fox & Friends' are returning; Fox says maybe not". CNN. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  610. ^ Meyer, Ken (January 4, 2021). "Ainsley Earhardt Says Conservatives 'Feel' Election Was Rigged". Mediaite. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  611. ^ Hall, Colby (January 4, 2021). "Steve Doocy and Brian Kilmeade Agree It's Long Past Time for Trump to Show Evidence of Voter Fraud". Mediaite. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  612. ^ Tufekci, Zeynep (December 7, 2020). "This Must Be Your First". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020. the word coup may not technically capture what we're seeing
  613. ^ Gongloff, Mark (November 19, 2020). "Trump's Coup Attempt Will Be a Very Costly Failure". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  614. ^ Niquette, Mark (December 13, 2020). "Biden Nod From Electors Could Seal His Win With Some in GOP". Bloomberg News. Retrieved December 14, 2020. It's mind-boggling to me that we have people that are actually trying conduct a coup and take the votes away from the voters.
  615. ^ "Donald Trump's refusal to concede is harming America". The Economist. November 21, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  616. ^ Luce, Edward (November 12, 2020). "Donald Trump is not done with America yet". Financial Times. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  617. ^ McCarthy, Tom (November 11, 2020). "'It must be made to fail': Trump's desperate bid to cling to power". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  618. ^ Kilgore, Ed (December 10, 2020). "Every Republican in Congress May Have to Vote on Trump's Coup". The Intelligencer. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  619. ^ Mystal, Elie (December 12, 2020). "People Are Taking the Wrong Lesson From Trump's Failed Coup". The Nation. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  620. ^ Gessen, Masha (November 20, 2020). "The Coup Stage of Donald Trump's Presidency". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  621. ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (January 6, 2021). "Opinion | Never Forget the Names of These Republicans Attempting a Coup". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  622. ^ Devega, Chauncey (December 11, 2020). "Don't look past Trump's coup attempt: This is a dark moment in American history". Salon.com. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  623. ^ "Editorial: The enduring cost of Trump's attempted coup". San Francisco Chronicle. Editorial Board. December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  624. ^ Levin, Bess (December 10, 2020). "106 House Republicans Back Trump's Bid to Overthrow the Government". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  625. ^ Scarborough, Charles Joseph (December 1, 2020). "Morning Joe". MSNBC (Interview). Interviewed by Scarborough, Mika Emilie Leonia Brzezinski. Retrieved January 17, 2023. Just so people who think this, to call this a coup is hyperbolic, or an attempted coup, you just look at the definition in Wikipedia: it says, "Typically, it's an illegal, unconstitutional attempt to seize power by a political faction". Definition of a coup. Of course, if he's already in power, it'd be an "autocoup". But at the same time, you look at the definition, and if... I guess I would just say to Trump defenders, if it's not an attempted coup, if it's not an "illegal unconstitutional attempt to seize power by a political faction" when he's trying to call people to the White House to get them to change their votes, trying to call the Governor of Arizona to try to stop him from doing legally what he has to do which is to certify the election results, trying to get those in Michigan and Wayne County to illegally not certify the votes there... if Republicans don't think it's a coup or doesn't fit this definition of a coup in all four corners then I'd love to hear what they would call it.
  626. ^ Nakamura, David (January 5, 2021). "With brazen assault on election, Trump prompts critics to warn of a coup". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  627. ^ De Bruin, Erica (November 11, 2020). "No, Trump is not attempting a 'coup.' Here's why the distinction matters.: It's important that we describe the crisis accurately. That will shape our response". PostEverything · Perspective. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2021. Because Trump is attempting to remain in power, rather than remove someone else from it his efforts come closer to what scholars call an attempt at a "self-coup" – or, using the Spanish term, an autogolpe – in which a head of state attempts to remain in power past his or her term in office.
  628. ^ a b Narea, Nicole (November 14, 2020). "3 scholars say Trump isn't staging a coup – but he still poses a threat to democracy". Vox. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  629. ^ Drezner, Daniel W. (December 7, 2020). "It's not a coup. It's not even a bad coup: Coup-coup-kachoo!". PostEverything · Perspective. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2021. To be clear, the takeaway from this is not to relax completely. However ineptly, Trump and his legal team are trying to overturn the results. The effect on GOP public attitudes is disheartening. Tufekci is correct to observe that the watchword is vigilance. That said, what is happening is not a coup, or even an attempt at a coup. It is a ham-handed effort to besmirch the election outcome by any easily available means necessary. That is not good, but it is very different from Turkey's myriad coups.
  630. ^ Melber, Ari (July 30, 2021). "Trump 'Soft Coup' Busted By 2021 Leak Of Secret DOJ Notes". MSNBC The Beat. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  631. ^ "CNN Transcripts". CNN. July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  632. ^ Peltz, Madeline (October 29, 2021). "Leading up to January 6, Steve Bannon publicly bragged about his behind-the-scene role fomenting the insurrection". Media Matters for America. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  633. ^ Thebault, Reis (July 14, 2021). "Top U.S. military official draws parallels between Trump, Hitler". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  634. ^ Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy; Cohen, Marshall; Stuart, Elizabeth (July 15, 2021). "'They're not going to f**king succeed': Top generals feared Trump would attempt a coup after election, according to new book". CNN. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  635. ^ Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa; Hayes, Mike; Mahtani, Melissa; Rocha, Veronica; Alfonso, Fernando III (January 6, 2021). "Republican congressman tweets: "This is a coup attempt"". CNN. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  636. ^ Reisman, Nick (January 6, 2021). "Cuomo, AG James Call U.S. Capitol Riot a Failed Coup". spectrumlocalnews.com. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  637. ^ "Thompson & Cheney Opening Statements at Select Committee Business Meeting". Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. March 28, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  638. ^ (Video) Business Meeting Recommending the House Cite Peter Navarro & Daniel Scavino Jr for Criminal Contempt. U.S. House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. March 28, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022 – via youtube.
  639. ^ Swanson, Ian (January 6, 2021). "Romney: Trump caused 'this insurrection'". The Hill. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  640. ^ Parmar, Inderjeet (2021). "Trump's Coup and Insurrection: Biden's Challenge and Opportunity". Insight Turkey. 23 (1): 35–50. doi:10.25253/99.2021231.4. ISSN 1302-177X. JSTOR 26989815. S2CID 233825478.
  641. ^ Davis, Charles R. (January 14, 2022). "Yale history professor Timothy Snyder told Insider he fears American democracy may not survive another Trump campaign". Business Insider. Retrieved June 18, 2022. Well, I mean, obviously things could be worse. The January 6th insurrection a year ago could have succeeded. We could be living in a country that is wracked by civil and indeed violent conflict after Donald Trump succeeds in, at least temporarily, staying in power, thanks to some kind of conspiracy of his supporters, the Department of Justice, supporters in Congress and so on, right? So things could be worse. And I wouldn't wanna deny that. Unfortunately, that scenario is not one that is just in the rearview mirror. It's also one that is right in front of us. The problem with a failed coup, which is what January 6th, 2021, is, is that it is practice for a successful coup. So what we're looking at now is a kind of slow-motion practice for a repetition of all of that, but this time with the legal parts of it more fully prepared. What I'm afraid of is that now, in the shadow of a big lie – namely, that Trump actually won – the states are preparing the legal steps that will enable Trump to be installed as president the next time around. And that in turn will lead to a terrible sort of conflict, the kind that we haven't seen before.
  642. ^ Eisen, Norman; Ayer, Donald; Perry, Joshua; Bookbinder, Noah; Perry, E. Danya (June 6, 2022). Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality (Report). Brookings Institution. Retrieved January 17, 2023. [Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to – in his own words – "overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021 – an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup.
  643. ^ Pion-Berlin, David; Bruneau, Thomas; Goetze, Richard B. (April 7, 2022). "The Trump Self-Coup Attempt: Comparisons and Civil–Military Relations". Government and Opposition. 58 (4). Cambridge University Press: 789–806. doi:10.1017/gov.2022.13. ISSN 0017-257X. S2CID 248033246.
  644. ^ Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). Donald Trump in Historical Perspective. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003110361-1. ISBN 978-1-003-11036-1. As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results. (p3)
  645. ^ "US election 2020: The people who still believe Trump won". BBC News. January 5, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  646. ^ a b Goba, Kadia (June 27, 2021). "The People Still Going To Trump Rallies Are Committed To Trump's Fantasy: "He's Our True President"". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  647. ^ Parton, Heather Digby (June 28, 2021). "Bill Barr calls "bullshit" on Trump's Big Lie – but it is much too late now". Salon.com. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  648. ^ Barr, William (June 10, 2022). "January 6th Committee Public Hearing, sworn deposition testimony of former US AG William Barr". C-SPAN. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  649. ^ Romney, Mitt (February 18, 2021). "Romney Releases Statement for Congressional Record on Impeachment Trial". romney.senate.gov. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  650. ^ Frankovic, Kathy (November 19, 2020). "Trump voters still see Biden's victory as illegitimate". YouGov. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  651. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (November 24, 2020). "Almost no Trump voters consider Biden the legitimate 2020 election winner". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  652. ^ Murray, Mark (September 27, 2022). "Poll: 61% of Republicans still believe Biden didn't win fair and square in 2020". NBC News. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  653. ^ Thomas, Phil (June 26, 2021). "Conspiracy theory that Trump will be reinstated in August has officials worried, report claims". The Independent. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  654. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Cohen, Zachary; Sands, Geneva (June 30, 2021). "DHS raises alarms over potential for summer violence pegged to August conspiracy theory". CNN. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
    • Dilanian, Ken (August 11, 2021). "Feds warn of potential violence fueled by false election claims". NBC News. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
    • Sands, Geneva (August 13, 2021). "Calls for violence online similar to before January 6 Capitol attack, DHS Intel chief says". CNN. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  655. ^ Enten, Harry (December 10, 2021). "Voters who think Trump won are the most enthusiastic to vote in 2022". CNN. Archived from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  656. ^ Politi, James; Weaver, Courtney (January 5, 2021). "Donald Trump vows to 'fight like hell' to remain in White House". Financial Times. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  657. ^ "Manufacturers group calls on Pence to invoke 25th Amendment". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  658. ^ Farhi, Paul (January 11, 2021). "Talk-radio owner orders conservative hosts to temper election fraud rhetoric". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  659. ^ Mehta, Seema; Moore, Maloy; Stiles, Matt (April 20, 2021). "Most corporations stood by pledges to not fund politicians who voted against Biden's victory". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  660. ^ Rappeport, Alan; Ngo, Madeleine; Kelly, Kate (January 6, 2022). "Corporations Donated Millions to Lawmakers Who Voted to Overturn Election Results". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  661. ^ Birnbaum, Emily; Wilson, Megan; Fuchs, Hailey (February 15, 2022). "These companies stopped campaign donations to election objectors. Their lobbyists did not". Politico. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  662. ^ Birnbaum, Emily; Bass, Dina (December 14, 2022). "Tech Firms Are Giving Money to Election Deniers Again". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved February 17, 2023.

External links