Portal: Ciencias de la tierra

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El portal de las ciencias de la Tierra

La Tierra vista desde la Luna

Las ciencias de la Tierra o geociencias incluyen todos los campos de las ciencias naturales relacionados con el planeta Tierra . Se trata de una rama de la ciencia que estudia las complejas constituciones físicas, químicas y biológicas y los vínculos sinérgicos de las cuatro esferas de la Tierra: la biosfera , la hidrosfera / criosfera , la atmósfera y la geosfera (o litosfera ). Las ciencias de la Tierra pueden considerarse una rama de las ciencias planetarias , pero con una historia mucho más antigua. ( Artículo completo... )

Artículos seleccionados

Image 1

El terremoto de Bou'in-Zahra de 2002 (también conocido como terremoto de Avaj de 2002 o terremoto de Changureh de 2002 ) ocurrió el 22 de junio de 2002. El epicentro estuvo cerca de la ciudad de Bou'in-Zahra en la provincia de Qazvin , una región del noroeste de Irán que está atravesada por varias fallas importantes y que es conocida por sus terremotos destructivos. El temblor midió 6,5 en la escala M _wc , tuvo una intensidad máxima de Mercalli de VIII ( Severo ), y fue seguido por más de 20 réplicas . Al menos 230 personas murieron y 1.500 más resultaron heridas.

Según el Instituto Internacional de Ingeniería Sísmica y Sismología ( IIEES ), el terremoto se sintió hasta la ciudad capital de Teherán , aproximadamente a 290 kilómetros (180 millas) al este del epicentro, aunque no se reportaron daños allí. La mayoría de las casas de la región eran edificios de mampostería de una sola planta y prácticamente todas se derrumbaron. La población se enojó debido a la lenta respuesta oficial a las víctimas que necesitaban suministros. Los residentes de la ciudad de Avaj recurrieron a lanzar piedras al automóvil de un ministro del gobierno. ( Artículo completo... )
Image 2
Radiocarbon dating helped verify the authenticity of the Dead Sea scrolls.

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

The method was developed in the late 1940s at the University of Chicago by Willard Libby, based on the constant creation of radiocarbon (¹⁴
C) in the Earth's atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen. The resulting ¹⁴
C combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire ¹⁴
C by eating the plants. When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and thereafter the amount of ¹⁴
C it contains begins to decrease as the ¹⁴
C undergoes radioactive decay. Measuring the proportion of ¹⁴
C in a sample from a dead plant or animal, such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone, provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died. The older a sample is, the less ¹⁴
C there is to be detected, and because the half-life of ¹⁴
C (the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed) is about 5,730 years, the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by this process date to approximately 50,000 years ago (in this interval about 99.8% of the ¹⁴
C will have decayed), although special preparation methods occasionally make an accurate analysis of older samples possible. In 1960, Libby received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work. (Full article...)
Image 3
Eruptions in the Lassen volcanic area in the last 70,000 years. Circle shows base of Mount Tehama. See timeline image.

The Lassen volcanic area presents a geological record of sedimentation and volcanic activity in and around Lassen Volcanic National Park in Northern California, U.S. The park is located in the southernmost part of the Cascade Mountain Range in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Pacific Oceanic tectonic plates have plunged below the North American Plate in this part of North America for hundreds of millions of years. Heat and molten rock from these subducting plates has fed scores of volcanoes in California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia over at least the past 30 million years, including these in the Lassen volcanic areas.

Between 3 and 4 million years ago, volcanic-derived mud flows called lahars streamed down several major mountains that included nearby but now extinct Mount Yana and Mount Maidu to become the Tuscan Formation. Basaltic and later andesitic to dacitic flows of lava covered increasingly larger areas of this formation to eventually form the lava plateau upon which the park is situated. About 600,000 years ago, Mount Tehama started to rise as a stratovolcano in the southwestern corner of the park, eventually reaching an estimated 11,000 ft (3,400 m) in height. (Full article...)
Image 4

Gloria near peak intensity north of Hispaniola on September 24

Hurricane Gloria was a powerful hurricane that caused significant damage along the east coast of the United States and in Atlantic Canada during the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first significant tropical cyclone to strike the northeastern United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972 and the first major storm to affect New York City and Long Island directly since Hurricane Donna in 1960. Gloria was a Cape Verde hurricane originating from a tropical wave on September 16 in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. After remaining a weak tropical cyclone for several days, Gloria intensified into a hurricane on September 22 north of the Lesser Antilles. During that time, the storm had moved generally westward, although it turned to the northwest due to a weakening of the ridge. Gloria quickly intensified on September 24, and the next day reached peak winds of 145 mph (233 km/h). The hurricane weakened before striking the Outer Banks of North Carolina on September 27. Later that day, Gloria made two subsequent landfalls on Long Island and across the coastline of western Connecticut, before becoming extratropical on September 28 over New England. The remnants moved through Atlantic Canada and went on to impact Western Europe, eventually dissipating on October 4.

Before Gloria made landfall, the National Hurricane Center issued hurricane warnings at some point for the East Coast of the United States from South Carolina to Maine. Hundreds of thousands of people evacuated, and the hurricane was described as the "storm of the century." In general, Gloria's strongest winds remained east of the center, which largely spared locations from North Carolina to New Jersey, and the passage at low tide reduced storm surge. Hurricane-force winds and gusts affected much of the path, which knocked down trees and power lines. This left over 4 million people without power, causing the worst power outage in Connecticut history related to a natural disaster. Fallen trees caused six of the storm's fourteen deaths. (Full article...)
Image 5

View of Mount Samalas along with Mount Rinjani

In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at Samalas, a volcano on the Indonesian island of Lombok. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7, making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the Holocene epoch. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active.

The event created eruption columns reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and pyroclastic flows that buried much of Lombok and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of Sumbawa. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of Pamatan, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in Java; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. (Full article...)
Image 6

Darwin, c. 1854, when he was preparing On the Origin of Species

Charles Robert Darwin FRS FRGS FLS FZS JP (/ˈdɑːrwɪn/ DAR-win; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.

Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. His studies at the University of Cambridge's Christ's College from 1828 to 1831 encouraged his passion for natural science. However, it was his five-year voyage on HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836 that truly established Darwin as an eminent geologist. The observations and theories he developed during his voyage supported Charles Lyell's concept of gradual geological change. Publication of his journal of the voyage made Darwin famous as a popular author. (Full article...)
Image 7
Calabozos is a Holocene caldera in central Chile's Maule Region (7th Region). Part of the Chilean Andes' volcanic segment, it is considered a member of the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ), one of the three distinct volcanic belts of South America. This most active section of the Andes runs along central Chile's western edge, and includes more than 70 of Chile's stratovolcanoes and volcanic fields. Calabozos lies in an extremely remote area of poorly glaciated mountains.

Calabozos and the majority of the Andean volcanoes formed from the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate under the continental South American continental lithosphere. The caldera is in a transitional region between thick and thin lithosphere, and is probably supplied by a pool of andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It sits on a historic bed of volcanic and plutonic sedimentary rock (rock formed within the Earth) that in turn sits on top of a layer of merged sedimentary and metamorphic rock. (Full article...)
Image 8

Panoramic winter view of Crater Lake from Rim Village

Crater Lake (Klamath: Giiwas) is a volcanic crater lake in south-central Oregon in the Western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fills a 2,148-foot-deep (655 m) caldera that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago
by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. No rivers flow into or out of the lake; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 150 years. With a depth of 1,949 feet (594 m), the lake is the deepest in the United States. In the world, it ranks tenth for maximum depth, as well as third for mean (average) depth.

Crater Lake features two small islands. Wizard Island, located near the western shore of the lake, is a cinder cone about 316 acres (128 hectares) in size. Phantom Ship, a natural rock pillar, is located near the southern shore. (Full article...)
Image 9

A map of the world as it appeared during the mid-Ediacaran, c. 600 Ma

The Ediacaran ( /ˌiːdiˈækərən, ˌɛdi-/ EE-dee-AK-ər-ən, ED-ee-) is a geological period of the Neoproterozoic Era that spans 96 million years from the end of the Cryogenian Period at 635 Mya to the beginning of the Cambrian Period at 538.8 Mya. It is the last period of the Proterozoic Eon as well as the last of the so-called "Precambrian supereon", before the beginning of the subsequent Cambrian Period marks the start of the Phanerozoic Eon, where recognizable fossil evidence of life becomes common.

The Ediacaran Period is named after the Ediacara Hills of South Australia, where trace fossils of a diverse community of previously unrecognized lifeforms (later named the Ediacaran biota) were first discovered by geologist Reg Sprigg in 1946. Its status as an official geological period was ratified in 2004 by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), making it the first new geological period declared in 120 years. Although the period took namesake from the Ediacara Hills in the Nilpena Ediacara National Park, the type section is actually located in the bed of the Enorama Creek within the Brachina Gorge in the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park, at , approximately 55 km (34 mi) southeast of the Ediacara Hills fossil site. (Full article...)
Image 10

Rain-obscured shot of the F3 tornado in Gallatin, Tennessee that killed seven people.

The tornado outbreak of April 6–8, 2006, was a major tornado outbreak in the central and parts of the southern United States that began on April 6, 2006, in the Great Plains and continued until April 8 in South Carolina, with most of the activity on April 7. The hardest-hit region was Middle Tennessee, where several strong tornadoes devastated entire neighborhoods and left ten people dead. Some of the worst damage took place in Gallatin, Tennessee, and other communities north of Nashville also sustained significant damage.

There were 73 tornadoes confirmed across 13 states, with the bulk of them coming on the afternoon and evening of April 7 across the South, particularly in Tennessee. In total, 10 deaths were reported as a result of the tornadoes, and over $650 million in damage was reported, of which over $630 million was in Middle Tennessee. It was the third major outbreak of 2006, occurring just days after another major outbreak on April 2. It was also considered by some to be the worst disaster event in Middle Tennessee since the 1998 tornado outbreak. (Full article...)
Image 11

White Chuck Glacier in the United States in 1973

The retreat of glaciers since 1850 is a well-documented effect of climate change. The retreat of mountain glaciers provide evidence for the rise in global temperatures since the late 19th century. Examples include mountain glaciers in western North America, Asia, the Alps in central Europe, and tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Africa. Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g. precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are one of the most sensitive indicators of climate change. The retreat of glaciers is also a major reason for sea level rise. Excluding peripheral glaciers of ice sheets, the total cumulated global glacial losses over the 26 years from 1993 to 2018 were likely 5500 gigatons, or 210 gigatons per year.

On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets (also known as "continental glaciers") in the polar regions. Glaciers also exist in mountain ranges on every continent other than the Australian mainland, including Oceania's high-latitude oceanic island countries such as New Zealand. Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km² (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets. They are several kilometers deep and obscure the underlying topography. (Full article...)
Image 12

The Berlin Archaeopteryx specimen (A. siemensii)

Archaeopteryx (/ˌɑːrkiːˈɒptərɪks/; lit. 'old-wing'), sometimes referred to by its German name, "Urvogel" (lit. Primeval Bird) is a genus of bird-like dinosaurs. The name derives from the ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (archaīos), meaning "ancient", and πτέρυξ (ptéryx), meaning "feather" or "wing". Between the late 19th century and the early 21st century, Archaeopteryx was generally accepted by palaeontologists and popular reference books as the oldest known bird (member of the group Avialae). Older potential avialans have since been identified, including Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, and Aurornis.

Archaeopteryx lived in the Late Jurassic around 150 million years ago, in what is now southern Germany, during a time when Europe was an archipelago of islands in a shallow warm tropical sea, much closer to the equator than it is now. Similar in size to a Eurasian magpie, with the largest individuals possibly attaining the size of a raven, the largest species of Archaeopteryx could grow to about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) in length. Despite their small size, broad wings, and inferred ability to fly or glide, Archaeopteryx had more in common with other small Mesozoic dinosaurs than with modern birds. In particular, they shared the following features with the dromaeosaurids and troodontids: jaws with sharp teeth, three fingers with claws, a long bony tail, hyperextensible second toes ("killing claw"), feathers (which also suggest warm-bloodedness), and various features of the skeleton. (Full article...)
Image 13
Map of Earth's 16 principal tectonic plates

Divergent:
  Extension zone
Convergent:
  Collision zone
Transform:
  Sinistral transform

Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by geoscientists after seafloor spreading was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s. The processes that result in plates and shape Earth's crust are called tectonics.
Tectonic plates also occur in other planets and moons.

Earth's lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the crust and upper mantle, is fractured into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of plate boundary (or fault): convergent, divergent, or transform. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. Faults tend to be geologically active, experiencing earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation. (Full article...)
Image 14

Lili near peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on October 2

Hurricane Lili was the second costliest, deadliest, and strongest hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season, only surpassed by Hurricane Isidore, which affected the same areas around a week before Lili. Lili was the twelfth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm developed from a tropical disturbance in the open Atlantic on September 21. It continued westward, affecting the Lesser Antilles as a tropical storm, then entered the Caribbean. As it moved west, the storm dissipated while being affected by wind shear south of Cuba, and regenerated when the vertical wind shear weakened. It turned to the northwest and strengthened up to category 2 strength on October 1. Lili made two landfalls in western Cuba later that day, and then entered the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane rapidly strengthened on October 2, reaching Category 4 strength that afternoon. It weakened rapidly thereafter, and hit Louisiana as a Category 1 hurricane on October 3. It moved inland and dissipated on October 6.

Lili caused extensive damage through the Caribbean, particularly to crops and poorly built homes. Mudslides were common on the more mountainous islands, particularly Haiti and Jamaica. In the United States, the storm cut off the production of oil within the Gulf of Mexico, and caused severe damage in parts of Louisiana. Lili was also responsible for severe damage to the barrier islands and marshes in the southern portion of the state. Total damage amounted to $925 million (2002 USD), and the storm killed 15 people during its existence. (Full article...)
Image 15

Imaging from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission STS-99 reveals part of the diameter ring of the crater in the form of a shallow circular trough. Numerous cenotes (sinkholes) cluster around the trough marking the inner crater rim.

The Chicxulub crater (IPA: [t͡ʃikʃuˈluɓ] ^ⓘ cheek-shoo-LOOB) is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Its center is offshore, but the crater is named after the onshore community of Chicxulub Pueblo (not the larger coastal town of Chicxulub Puerto). It was formed slightly over 66 million years ago when an asteroid, about ten kilometers (six miles) in diameter, struck Earth. The crater is estimated to be 200 kilometers (120 miles) in diameter and 1 kilometer (0.62 miles) in depth. It is believed to be the second largest impact structure on Earth, and the only one whose peak ring is intact and directly accessible for scientific research.

The crater was discovered by Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield, geophysicists who had been looking for petroleum in the Yucatán Peninsula during the late 1970s. Penfield was initially unable to obtain evidence that the geological feature was a crater and gave up his search. Later, through contact with Alan R. Hildebrand in 1990, Penfield obtained samples that suggested it was an impact feature. Evidence for the crater's impact origin includes shocked quartz, a gravity anomaly, and tektites in surrounding areas. (Full article...)
Image 16

Cannikin warhead being lowered into test shaft

Amchitka (/æmˈtʃɪtkə/; Aleut: Amchixtax̂;^{[page needed]}) is a volcanic, tectonically unstable and uninhabited
island in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands in southwest Alaska. It is part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. The island, with a land area of roughly 116 square miles (300 km²), is about 42 miles (68 km) long and 1 to 4 miles (1.6 to 6.4 km) wide. The area has a maritime climate, with many storms, and mostly overcast skies.

Amchitka was populated for more than 2,500 years by the Aleut people, but has had no permanent population since 1832. The island has been part of the United States since the Alaska Purchase of 1867. During World War II, it was used as an airfield by US forces in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. (Full article...)
Image 17

Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula CuAl₆(PO4)₄(OH)₈·4H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its hue.

Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics into the market. The robin egg blue or sky blue color of the Persian turquoise mined near the modern city of Nishapur, Iran, has been used as a guiding reference for evaluating turquoise quality. (Full article...)
Image 18
Changes in surface air temperature over the past 50 years. The Arctic has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than sea surface temperatures.

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices add to greenhouse gases. These gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight, warming the lower atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas driving global warming, has grown by about 50% and is at levels unseen for millions of years.

Climate change has an increasingly large impact on the environment. Deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common. Amplified warming in the Arctic has contributed to thawing permafrost, retreat of glaciers and sea ice decline. Higher temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes. Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct. Even if efforts to minimize future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include ocean heating, ocean acidification and sea level rise. (Full article...)
Image 19

The 1867 Manhattan earthquake struck Riley County, Kansas, in the United States on April 24, 1867, at 20:22 UTC, or about 14:30 local time. The strongest earthquake to originate in the state, it measured 5.1 on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event's felt area. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Manhattan.

The earthquake had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused minor damage, reports of which were confined to Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, according to the United States Geological Survey. Felt over an area of 200,000 square miles (520,000 km²), the earthquake reached the states of Indiana, Illinois, and possibly Ohio, though the latter reports have been questioned. (Full article...)
Image 20

Anning with her dog, Tray, painted before 1842; the hill Golden Cap can be seen in the background

Mary Anning (21 May 1799 – 9 March 1847) was an English fossil collector, dealer, and palaeontologist. She became known internationally for her discoveries in Jurassic marine fossil beds in the cliffs along the English Channel at Lyme Regis in the county of Dorset, Southwest England. Anning's findings contributed to changes in scientific thinking about prehistoric life and the history of the Earth.

Anning searched for fossils in the area's Blue Lias and Charmouth Mudstone cliffs, particularly during the winter months when landslides exposed new fossils that had to be collected quickly before they were lost to the sea. Her discoveries included the first correctly identified ichthyosaur skeleton when she was twelve years old; the first two nearly complete plesiosaur skeletons; the first pterosaur skeleton located outside Germany; and fish fossils. Her observations played a key role in the discovery that coprolites, known as bezoar stones at the time, were fossilised faeces, and she also discovered that belemnite fossils contained fossilised ink sacs like those of modern cephalopods. (Full article...)
Image 21

Isabel at peak intensity, northeast of the Leeward Islands, on September 11

Hurricane Isabel was the strongest Atlantic hurricane since Mitch, and the deadliest, costliest, and most intense hurricane in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Isabel was also the strongest hurricane in the open waters of the Atlantic, both by wind speed and central pressure, before being surpassed by hurricanes Irma and Dorian in 2017 and 2019, respectively. The ninth named storm, fifth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season, Isabel formed near the Cape Verde Islands from a tropical wave on September 6, in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. It moved northwestward, and within an environment of light wind shear and warm waters, it steadily strengthened to reach peak winds of 165 mph (266 km/h) on September 11. After fluctuating in intensity for four days, during which it displayed annular characteristics, Isabel gradually weakened and made landfall on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) on September 18. Isabel quickly weakened over land and became extratropical over western Pennsylvania on the next day. On September 20, the extratropical remnants of Isabel were absorbed into another system over Eastern Canada.

In North Carolina, the storm surge from Isabel washed out a portion of Hatteras Island to form what was unofficially known as Isabel Inlet. Damage was greatest along the Outer Banks, where thousands of homes were damaged or even destroyed. The worst of the effects of Isabel occurred in Virginia, especially in the Hampton Roads area and along the shores of rivers as far west and north as Richmond and Baltimore. Virginia reported the most deaths and damage from the hurricane. About 64% of the damage and 69% of the deaths occurred in North Carolina and Virginia. Electric service was disrupted in areas of Virginia for several days, some more rural areas were without electricity for weeks, and local flooding caused thousands of dollars in damage. (Full article...)
Image 22
Mahameru (Semeru) above Mount Bromo, East Java.

The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatoa for its global effects in 1883, the Lake Toba Caldera for its supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 years before present which was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815. (Full article...)
Image 23

Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone

Yellowstone National Park is a national park of the United States located in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially the Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of biomes, the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion.

While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the first Secretary of the Interior to supervise the park being Columbus Delano. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, the administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than a thousand indigenous archaeological sites. (Full article...)
Image 24
Geologic time shown in a diagram called a geological clock, showing the relative lengths of the eons of Earth's history and noting major events

The geological history of the Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System.

Initially, Earth was molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as a result of the impact of a planetoid with the Earth. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans. However, in 2020, researchers reported that sufficient water to fill the oceans may have always been on the Earth since the beginning of the planet's formation. (Full article...)
Image 25
Life in the Ediacaran Period as imagined by researchers in 1980.

The Ediacaran (/ˌiːdiˈækərən/; formerly Vendian) biota is a taxonomic period classification that consists of all life forms that were present on Earth during the Ediacaran Period (c. 635–538.8 Mya). These were enigmatic tubular and frond-shaped, mostly sessile, organisms. Trace fossils of these organisms have been found worldwide, and represent the earliest known complex multicellular organisms. The term "Ediacara biota" has received criticism from some scientists due to its alleged inconsistency, arbitrary exclusion of certain fossils, and inability to be precisely defined.

The Ediacaran biota may have undergone evolutionary radiation in a proposed event called the Avalon explosion, 575 million years ago. This was after the Earth had thawed from the Cryogenian period's extensive glaciation. This biota largely disappeared with the rapid increase in biodiversity known as the Cambrian explosion. Most of the currently existing body plans of animals first appeared in the fossil record of the Cambrian rather than the Ediacaran. For macroorganisms, the Cambrian biota appears to have almost completely replaced the organisms that dominated the Ediacaran fossil record, although relationships are still a matter of debate. (Full article...)

Sabías(generado automáticamente)

... que los Iowa Colored Cowboys jugaron sóftbol para audiencias de más de mil personas, en una atmósfera similar a un espectáculo de los Harlem Globetrotters ?
... que la geología de las montañas Ellsworth fue explorada por geólogos utilizando trineos motorizados en 1961?
... que la vida existe en todas las partes de la biosfera , desde las partes más profundas del océano hasta altitudes de hasta 64 km (40 millas) en la atmósfera?
... que el espectrómetro de viento solar del Apolo 12 detectó una onda de choque de iones de gas producida por el impacto de la etapa S-IVB del Apolo 13 en la superficie lunar ?
... que la roca más significativa de Nueva Caledonia es la peridotita , que proviene del manto terrestre ?
... que Frederick Murray Trotter tuvo una distinguida carrera como geólogo de campo a pesar de haber perdido una parte de su cráneo y un ojo por la metralla durante la Primera Guerra Mundial?
... que la geóloga aficionada inglesa Charlotte Eyton escribió una serie de artículos y folletos sobre la geología de Wrekin , una parte de Shropshire, entre 1862 y 1870?
... que la geóloga danesa Tove Birkelund recibió una medalla de oro por sus primeros trabajos sobre fósiles de escafitas en Groenlandia?

¿Más sabías? -@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen y (prefiere-esquema-de-color:oscuro){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os Tabla de salida del parser mw: not(.notheme). tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}muestra diferentes entradas

...que Ojos del Salado (en la foto) es el volcán más alto de la Tierra?
...que el Observatorio Magnético y Meteorológico de Toronto fue construido originalmente para estudiar las fluctuaciones del campo magnético de la Tierra ?
...que el reanálisis de huracanes del Atlántico es un proyecto en curso dentro de la Administración Nacional Oceánica y Atmosférica que busca corregir y agregar nueva información sobre los ciclones tropicales del Atlántico pasados ?
...que Robert Case , un meteorólogo del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional , denominó la tormenta del noreste de Halloween de 1991 "La tormenta perfecta"?
...que la erupción del monte Katmai en 1912, provocada por el volcán Novarupta, fue la más grande del siglo XX?
... que el polo norte geomagnético no es el mismo que el polo norte magnético , y que una brújula no apunta a ninguno de ellos?

Portales relacionados

Imágenes seleccionadas

Image 1Yeso , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 2Una erupción del volcán Etna en la isla italiana de Sicilia en octubre de 2002 , vista desde la Estación Espacial Internacional . El Etna es el mayor de los tres volcanes activos de Italia y uno de los más activos del mundo. Esta erupción, una de las más intensas del Etna en años, fue provocada por una serie de terremotos . Se informó de caída de cenizas en lugares tan lejanos como Libia , a 600 km (373 mi) al sur. (Crédito: Tripulación de la Expedición 5. ) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 3Cuarzo , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 4Erg Chebbi ( árabe : عرج شبّي ) es el único erg sahariano de Marruecos . Tiene 22 km de largo (de norte a sur) y 5 km de ancho. Sus dunas alcanzan una altura máxima de 150 metros. Se encuentra a unos 40 kilómetros al sureste de Erfoud . El centro turístico local es el pueblo de Merzouga . (Crédito: Rosa Cabecinhas y Alcino Cunha.) (del Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 5Aegirine , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 6Una tormenta eléctrica es una forma de clima severo que involucra relámpagos y truenos . Las tormentas eléctricas han tenido una influencia duradera y poderosa en la humanidad. Los romanos pensaban que eran batallas libradas por Júpiter . Las tormentas eléctricas estaban asociadas con el pájaro del trueno , considerado por los nativos americanos como un sirviente del Gran Espíritu . (Crédito: John Kerstholt.) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 7Malaquita , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 8Crocoite , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 9Rocas erosionadas en el Parque Nacional Joshua Tree , por Mila Zinkova (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 10Tronco petrificado en el Parque Nacional del Bosque Petrificado , por Moondigger (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 11Los océanos cubren casi tres cuartas partes (71%) de la superficie de la Tierra , y casi la mitad de las aguas marinas del mundo tienen más de 3000 m de profundidad. Este cuerpo global e interconectado de agua salada , llamado Océano Mundial, está dividido por los continentes y archipiélagos en los siguientes cinco cuerpos, desde el más grande hasta el más pequeño: el Océano Pacífico , el Océano Atlántico , el Océano Índico , el Océano Austral y el Océano Ártico . Los límites oficiales están definidos por la Organización Hidrográfica Internacional . (Crédito: Alexandre Van de Sande .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 12Tierra de diatomeas , por Richard Wheeler (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 13Creedita , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 14Celestina , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 15El retroceso de los glaciares es un tipo de movimiento glacial en el que se desprende más material de su extremo del glaciar del que se repone mediante el flujo hacia esa región. En esta región del Himalaya de Bután , se han estado formando rápidamente lagos glaciares en la superficie de los glaciares cubiertos de escombros y los investigadores han descubierto una fuerte correlación entre el aumento de las temperaturas y el retroceso de los glaciares. (Crédito: NASA y USGS ). (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 16Azurita , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 17Una erupción del Monte Etna , un volcán en la isla italiana de Sicilia , en 2002 , vista desde la Estación Espacial Internacional . (Crédito: NASA, con ediciones de imagen de User:Darkone .) (de Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures )
Image 18Barita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 19Casiterita , de Alchemist-hp (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 20Imagen satelital del ciclón Gafilo , un poderoso ciclón tropical de categoría 5 que azotó Madagascar en marzo de 2004 y causó daños devastadores. Esta imagen fue tomada justo antes de tocar tierra, cuando el sistema alcanzó su intensidad máxima a unos 333 km (207 mi) al este de Madagascar, con vientos sostenidos de 260 km/h (160 mph). Se registraron al menos 250 muertos, más desaparecidos y 300.000 personas se quedaron sin hogar debido a Gafilo. (Crédito: satélite Terra , NASA .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 21Azurita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 22Tsunami en Tailandia durante el terremoto y tsunami del Océano Índico de 2004 , por David Rydevik (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 23El monte Hood reflejado en el lago Mirror , Oregón . (Crédito: Territorio del monte Hood en Oregón). (De Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 24Este mapa muestra las trayectorias de todos los ciclones tropicales que se formaron en todo el mundo entre 1985 y 2005. Los puntos indican la ubicación de las tormentas en intervalos de seis horas y utilizan el esquema de colores que se muestra a la derecha de la escala de huracanes de Saffir-Simpson . (Crédito: Nilfanion .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 25Imagen en color real de Irlanda , vista desde el espacio, con el océano Atlántico al oeste y el mar de Irlanda al este. (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 26Los gases atmosféricos dispersan las longitudes de onda azules de la luz visible más que otras longitudes de onda, lo que le da al borde visible de la Tierra un halo azul. A mayor altitud, la atmósfera se vuelve tan delgada que prácticamente deja de existir. Gradualmente, el halo atmosférico se desvanece en la oscuridad del espacio. (Crédito: Observatorio de la Tierra de la NASA .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 27Ópalo , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 28La Antártida , el continente que rodea el Polo Sur de la Tierra , es el lugar más frío de la Tierra y está casi totalmente cubierto de hielo . La Antártida fue descubierta a finales de enero de 1820. Demasiado fría y seca para soportar prácticamente cualquier planta vascular, la flora de la Antártida actualmente consta de alrededor de 250 líquenes , 100 musgos , 25-30 hepáticas y alrededor de 700 especies de algas terrestres y acuáticas . (Crédito: NASA .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 29Wulfenita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 30El pico Sarychev en plena erupción , según la NASA (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 31Imagen de sección delgada , realizada por Kallerna (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 32Erosión del acantilado en Pacifica , por mbz1 (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 33Sal del Himalaya , por Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 34Estellerita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 35La rosa de los vientos más grande del mundo , dibujada en el suelo del desierto de la Base Aérea Edwards en California , Estados Unidos . Pintada en la playa cerca del Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Dryden , está inclinada hacia el norte magnético y los pilotos la utilizan para calibrar los indicadores de rumbo . (Crédito: NASA .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 36Concreciones , por Mbz1 (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 37Cuarzo ahumado , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 38Atacama , por Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 39Arenisca , de Moondigger (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 40Vanadinita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 41Ejemplar de un yacimiento paleontológico del Líbano en Paleontología en el Líbano , por Mila Zinkova (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 42Las nubes cirros están compuestas de cristales de hielo y tienen forma de filamentos similares a cabellos. Se forman a altitudes superiores a los 5000 metros (16 500 pies). Las rayas están formadas por copos de nieve que caen de la nube y son atrapados por los vientos de altura. Las rayas apuntan en la dirección del viento y pueden parecer rectas, lo que da a las nubes la apariencia de una coma ( cirrus uncinus ), o pueden parecer enredadas, lo que indica turbulencia de altura. (Crédito: Piccolo Namek .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 43Hormiga atrapada en ámbar báltico , por Baltic-amber-beetle (editado por AmericanXplorer13 ) (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 44Erupción del Monte Redoubt , por R. Clucas (USGS) (editado por Janke ) (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 45Wulfenita , de Didier Descouens (de Wikipedia:Fotos destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 46Pirita , por JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 47Cinabrio , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 48Terremoto y tsunami en el océano Índico de 2004 en Terremoto y tsunami en el océano Índico de 2004 , por Vasily V. Titov, NOAA (editado por Veledan ) (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 49Bultfonteinita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 50Piromorfita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 51Rodocrosita , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 52Praderas de la costa norte del lago artificial Sihlsee , cerca de Einsiedeln, en el cantón de Schwyz , Suiza . (Crédito: Markus Bernet.) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 53Hemimorfita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 54Amatista , de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 55Dundasita de JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 56Blairmorite , de Paul Glombick (editado por Bammesk ) (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 57El invierno es una de las cuatro estaciones de las zonas templadas. El invierno meteorológico es la estación en la que se presentan los días más cortos (que varían mucho según la latitud ) y las temperaturas más bajas. (Crédito: Richard Fabi.) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 58Azufre , por Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 59Tefra volcánica , por Godot13 (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 60Los astronautas a bordo del transbordador espacial Discovery registraron este fenómeno poco frecuente: la Luna llena parcialmente oscurecida por la atmósfera de la Tierra. La imagen fue captada con una cámara electrónica a las 15:15:15 GMT del 21 de diciembre de 1999. (Crédito: NASA .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 61Mohawkite , de Alchemist-hp (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 62Fuente incandescente Pahoeoe en el volcán Shield , por JD Griggs, USGS (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 63Prehnita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 64La Estructura Richat es una depresión en el país de Mauritania , de casi 50 km (30 mi) de ancho. Originalmente se pensó que era el impacto de un meteorito . Ahora se piensa que es una elevación simétrica ( anticlinal circular o domo) que ha estado expuesta a la erosión . En esta foto en falso color , el lecho de roca es marrón, la arena es amarilla y blanca, la vegetación es verde y los sedimentos salados son azules. (Crédito: Landsat 7. ) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 65Dolomita cristalina y magnesita , de Didier Descouens (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 66Cerusita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 67Platino , de Alchemist-hp (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 68El huracán Katrina fue la tercera tormenta más poderosa de la temporada de huracanes del Atlántico de 2005. Primero tocó tierra como huracán de categoría 1 al norte de Miami, Florida , el 25 de agosto de 2005, y luego volvió a tocar tierra el 29 de agosto a lo largo de la costa central del Golfo cerca de Buras-Triumph, Luisiana , como tormenta de categoría 4. Esta fotografía del ojo del huracán fue tomada desde un avión cazador de huracanes de la NOAA el 28 de agosto de 2005. (Crédito: NOAA .) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 69Mimetita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 70Partículas de arena , de Siim (de Wikipedia: Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 71Madera petrificada , de Daniel Schwen (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 72Rosa del desierto , de Didier Descouens (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 73Liberación de presión de granito en el Área Natural Estatal Enchanted Rock de Texas , Estados Unidos . La fotografía muestra la exfoliación geológica de la roca de granito en forma de domo. (Tomada por Wing-Chi Poon el 2 de abril de 2005.) (de Portal: Ciencias de la Tierra/Imágenes seleccionadas )
Image 74Acantita , de Iifar (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )
Image 75Aragonito , por JJ Harrison (de Wikipedia:Imágenes destacadas/Ciencias/Geología )

En las noticias

19 de octubre de 2024 –: El satélite de comunicaciones Intelsat 33e se rompe en la órbita de la Tierra , lo que provoca interrupciones en la red de los clientes en Europa, África y partes de la región de Asia y el Pacífico. La Fuerza Espacial de los Estados Unidos dice que están rastreando al menos "20 partes asociadas" del satélite. (BBC News)

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Artículos destacados

Cambio climático ( Más... )

Calentamiento global · Rachel Carson · Retroceso de los glaciares desde 1850

Terremotos ( Más... )

Terremoto de Ambato de 1949 · Terremoto de Illinois de 1968 · Erupción del Monte Santa Helena de 1980 · Terremoto de Qayen de 1997 · Terremoto de Bou'in-Zahra de 2002 · Terremoto de Qeshm de 2005 · Terremotos de Nazko de 2007-2008

Volcanes ( Más... )

Erupción del Monte Santa Helena en 1980 · Terremotos de Nazko de 2007-2008 · Amchitka · Tragedia de Armero · Calabozos · Cerro Azul (volcán de Chile) · Monumento y reserva nacional de los Cráteres de la Luna · David A. Johnston · Geología del área volcánica de Lassen · Monte submarino Loihi · Mauna Kea · Mauna Loa · Metacomet Ridge · Cráteres Mono-Inyo · Campo volcánico del Monte Cayley · Monte Santa Helena · Monte Tambora · Nevado del Ruiz · Surtsey · El volcán (Columbia Británica) · Upper y Lower Table Rock · Volcán (South Park) · Parque Nacional de Yellowstone

Otra geología ( Más... )

Mary Anning · Archaea · Archaeopteryx · Cerro Azul (volcán de Chile) · Parque Nacional Bryce Canyon · Calabozos · Cráter Chicxulub · Evento de extinción del Cretácico-Paleógeno · Charles Darwin · Tierra · Biota de Ediacara · Geología del área de Bryce Canyon · Geología del área de Capitol Reef · Geología del área del Valle de la Muerte · Geología del área del Gran Cañón · Geología del área volcánica de Lassen · Geología del área de los cañones Zion y Kolob · Calentamiento global · Iridio · Esquisto bituminoso · El Volcán (Columbia Británica) · Observatorio Magnético y Meteorológico de Toronto · Vulcanología de Ío · Parque Nacional de Yellowstone

Geografía ( Más... )

Antártida · Australia · Parque Nacional Cañón Bryce · Parque Nacional Cavernas de Carlsbad · Monumento y Reserva Nacional Cráteres de la Luna · Parque Nacional Valle de la Muerte · Geografía de la India · Geografía de Irlanda · Parques nacionales de Inglaterra y Gales · Cataratas del Niágara · Parque Nacional Rondane · Bosque Nacional Shoshone · Parque Nacional Yellowstone · Parque Nacional Yosemite · Parque Nacional Zion

Temas destacados

Temporada de huracanes del Atlántico de 1941 · Temporada de huracanes del Atlántico de 1991 · Temporada de huracanes del Pacífico de 1995 · Temporada de huracanes del Pacífico de 1998 · Temporada de huracanes del Atlántico de 2002 · Temporada de huracanes del Atlántico de 2003 · Huracanes del Pacífico de categoría 5 · Huracán Isabel · Listas de huracanes de Florida · Listas de huracanes de Carolina del Norte

· Huracanes del Pacífico retirados

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Vistas de la Tierra desde el espacio y los satélites · Geología

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