Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi . The image depicts an epicyclic planetary model. The following is a list of Persian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.
A Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopherAbu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physicianAbu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholarAbu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholarAbu Said Gorgani (10th century) [1] 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patronAhmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physicianAhmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemistAlavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician in Mughal India Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physicianAbū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer [2] Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholarAqa-Kermani (18th century), physicianAqsara'i (?–1379), physicianAbu Hafsa Yazid , physicianArzani, Muqim (18th century), physicianAstarabadi (15th century), physicianAufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historianAlbubather , physician and astrologer [3] Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath , physicianAbu al-Hassan al-Amiri , theologian and philosopherAbu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi , mathematician and astronomer [4]
B Brethren of Purity [5] Bahmanyār , philosopherAl-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholarBahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547–1621), poet, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomerBaha Al-Dowleh Razi (died c. 915), physicianAl-Baladhuri (?–892), historianAbu Ali Bal'ami (10th century), historianAbu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787–886), known in Latin as Albumasar, astrologer [6] Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician [7] Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century)[8] Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi , historianAbu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi , historian and Islamic scholarAl-Bayhaqi , faqih and muhadithMuhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologianBubares (died after 480 BC), engineerIbn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician [9] Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholarSahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematicianBukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in PersiaJabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physicianBukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physicianBorzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician [10] Muhammad Bal'ami , historianAbu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari , physician [11] Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami
D Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian [12] Ibn Durustawayh (872–958), grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith Ibn Qutaybah Dinwari (828–885), historian and theologian
E
F Al-Farghani (d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus [13] Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher [14] Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomerFazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomerFeyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologianFirishta (1560–1620), historianIbn al-Faqih , historian and geographerMuhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomerFazlallah Khunji Isfahani (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer
G Gardizi (?–1061), geographer and historianGhazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopherGilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physicianKushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomerZayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physicianRostam Gorgani (16th century), physicianAl-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master
H Hakim Ghulam Imam , physicianHakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physicianHakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physicianHakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholarHallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopherHamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopherHarawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynastyHarawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologistHarawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 1542), physicianHasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physicianIbn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physicianHaji Bektash Veli , mysticAyn al-Quzat Hamadani , jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematicianHaseb Tabari , astronomerHammam ibn Munabbih , Islamic scholarHamza al-Isfahani (ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historianAbu Ja'far ibn Habash
I Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's discipleIbn Isfandiyar (13th-century), historianIbn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographerIbn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographerIlaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna 's pupilMansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physicianIbn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physicianIsfahani, Imad al-Din (1125–1201) historian and rhetoricianIsfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physicianIsfahani, Husayn (15th century), physicianIstakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Abu Bakr al-Razi Al-Isfizari (11th–12th century), mathematician and astronomer
J Jabir ibn Hayyan (9th century), alchemist, pharmacist, philosopher, physicist, astronomerJaghmini (14th century), physicianJuwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologianJuzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physicianJamal ad-Din Bukhari (13th century), astronomerJamasp , sage and philosopherAl-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800–860), geometer
K Karaji (953–1029), mathematicianJamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematicianKashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologianSadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physicianKermani, Iwad (15th century), physicianKermani, Shams-ud-Din , Islamic scholarAl-Khazini (c. 1130), physicistKhayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomerKhorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physicianAl-Kharaqī , astronomer and mathematicianKhujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomerMuhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra , mathematician and astronomerNajm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī , logician and philosopherShams al-Din al-Khafri , astrologerAbū Sahl al-Qūhī , mathematician and astronomerKubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220)Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomerAbu Zayn Kahhal , physician
M Al-Mada'ini (752/753–843), historianMahani (9th century), mathematician and astronomerMajusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physicianMarvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopherHabash al-Hasib al-Marwazi , mathematician, astronomer, geographerMasawaiyh (777–857), or MasuyaMashallah ibn Athari (740–815), of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopherSharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi , physicianHamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographerMulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopherIbn al-Muqaffa' (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamidbin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer, mathematicianbin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer, inventorbin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer, mathematicianMuhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopherAbu Mansur al-Maturidi , Islamic scholarMuqatil ibn Sulayman , mufassir of QuranIbn Manda , Hadith scholarAbu Ahmad Monajjem (241/855-56–in 13 Rabi' I 300/29 October 912), music theorist, literary historianMasarjawaih (7th century), physicianMuhammad Abdolrahman , physician
N Nagawri (14th century), physicianNahavandi, Benjamin , Jewish scholarNahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomerNakhshabi (14th century), physicianNarshakhi (899–959), historianNasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poetNatili Tabari (10th century), physicianNaubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronomerNawbakhty (4th Hijri century), Islamic scholar, philosopherNizam al-Din Nishapuri , mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poetNawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholarNayrizi (865–922), mathematician and astronomerNaqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopherAbu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physicianMuslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c. 815–875), Islamic scholarNurbakhshi (16th century), physicianAbu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi , theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historianAl-Nasa'i , hadith collectorShihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi , historian and biographerAbu Nu`aym , Islamic scholar
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Q Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physicianQumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologianQumri (10th century), physicianAli Qushji (1403–16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physicianAli al-Qari , Islamic scholarAli Ibn Ibrahim Qomi , jurist and Shia scholarAl-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt
R Razi, Amin (16th century), geographerRazi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (c. 865–925), chemist, physician, and philosopherRazi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mysticRumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273), Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mysticRashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politicianAbu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi , Ismaili philosopherRudaki (858–941), Persian poet
S Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopherSaghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomerSahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomerSahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physicianSamarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physicianSamarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomerSamarqandi, Dawlatshah (1438–1495/1507) biographerSarakhsi, Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib (9th century) historian and philosopherSarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholarAhmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi , historian, travellerShahrastani (1086–1153), historian of religionsShahrazuri (13th century), philosopher and physicianShahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholarShaykh Tusi (996–1067), Islamic scholarIbn Babawayh (923–991), theologianIbn Sahl , mathematician, physicistAbu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physicianShaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb , physicianShirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physicianShirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physicianShirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomerShirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physicianShirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physicianShirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physicianShirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologianSibawayh , linguist and grammarianSijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician and astronomerSijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physicianAbd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ringMūsā ibn Shākir , astronomerSuhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopherAbu Sulayman Sijistani , philosopher‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani , Islamic scholarZayn al-Din Omar Savaji , philosopher and logicianZeynalabdin Shirvani , geographer, philosopher and poetAbu Yaqub al-Sijistani , Ismaili philosopherAbu'l-'Anbas Saymari , astrologer
T Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholarTabari Amoli (839–923), historianTabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architectTabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physicianTabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physicianTaftazani (1322–1390), theologian, linguistTayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguistTirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholarTunakabuni (17th century), physicianTughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physicianTusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq EmpireTusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologianTusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematicianAhmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi , Islamic scholar'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk , Persian or Turkish mathematician
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See also
Notes ^ Brentjes, Sonja. Jan P. Hogendijk, “The Geometrical Works of Abu Sa’id al-Darir al-Jurjani ”. SCIAMVS 2, (2001), pp. 47-74., Abstracta Iranica [En ligne], Volume 26 | 2005, document 324, mis en ligne le 07 décembre 2005, consulté le 05 juin 2021. [1] ^ Calvo, Emilia, “Khāzin,” The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, editor-in-chief Thomas Hockey, New York: Springer-Verlag (2014) 1191-1192 | ISBN 978-1-4419-9916-0[2] ^ Vadet, J.-C., “Ibn al-K̲h̲aṣīb”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 05 June 2021 [3] ^ Negahban, Farzin, “Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ahwāzī”, Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary. Consulted online on 04 February 2017 [4] ^ Walker, Paul E., “EḴWĀN AL-ṢAFĀʾ,” Encyclopaedia Iranica [5] ^ Pingree, David E., “Abū Maʿshar al-Balkhī,” Dictionary of Scientific Biography, editor-in-chief Charles Coulston Gillispie, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1970-1980) vol. 1, pp. 32-39; Idem, Abū Maʿshar Al-Balkhī, Jaʿfar Ibn Muḥammad, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com
[6] ^ Watt, W. M., “ABŪ ZAYD BALḴĪ,” Encyclopædia Iranica
[7] ^ Hamedani, Hossein Masoumi and Esots, Janis, “Banū Mūsā”, Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary. Consulted online on 06 June 2021 [8] ^ (Multiple Authors), BĪRŪNĪ, ABŪ RAYḤĀN – Encyclopaedia Iranica [9] ^ Kusuba, Takanori, “Birjandi,” The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, editor-in-chief Thomas Hockey, Springer Reference, New York: Springer-Verlag (2014) pp. 225-226. ISBN 978-1-4419-9916-0 ^ Biesterfeldt, H. H., “AḴAWAYNĪ BOḴĀRĪ,” Encyclopædia Iranica [10] ^ Lewin, B., “Al-Dīnawarī,” Encyclopaedia of Islam, second edition, eds. H. A. R. Gibb, J. H. Kramers, E. Lévi-Provençal, J. Schacht, Leiden: Brill (1954–2005) vol. 2, p. 300; Pellat, Charles, “DĪNAVARĪ, ABŪ ḤANĪFA AḤMAD,” Encyclopaedia Iranica
[11] ^ Sabra, A. I., “AL-FARGHĀNĪ,” Dictionary of Scientific Biography, editor-in-chief Charles Coulston Gillispie, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1970-1980) vol. 4, pp. 541-545; Pingree, David E., “FARḠĀNĪ, AḤMAD,” Encyclopaedia Iranica [12] ^ Druart, Therese-Anne, "al-Farabi", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), [13]