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Portal:Numismática

El Portal de Numismática

Moneda de electrum de Éfeso , 520-500 a.C. Anverso: Parte anterior del ciervo . Reverso: Punzón de incuso cuadrado

La numismática es el estudio o colección de la moneda , incluidas monedas, fichas, billetes, medallas y objetos afines.

Los especialistas, conocidos como numismáticos , suelen caracterizarse como estudiantes o coleccionistas de monedas , pero la disciplina también incluye el estudio más amplio del dinero y otros medios de pago utilizados para resolver deudas e intercambiar bienes .

Los coleccionistas clasifican las primeras formas de dinero utilizadas por la gente como "raras y curiosas", pero se excluye el uso de otros bienes en el trueque, incluso cuando se utilizan como moneda circulante (por ejemplo, cigarrillos o fideos instantáneos en prisión). A modo de ejemplo, el pueblo kirguís utilizaba caballos como principal unidad monetaria y entregaba pequeñas monedas en pieles de cordero ; las pieles de cordero pueden ser adecuadas para el estudio numismático, pero las de los caballos no. [ dudosodiscutir ] Muchos objetos se han utilizado durante siglos, como conchas de cauri , metales preciosos , granos de cacao , piedras grandes y gemas . ( Articulo completo... )

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  • El centavo Flying Eagle es una pieza de un centavo acuñada por la Casa de la Moneda de los Estados Unidos como moneda patrón en 1856 y para circulación en 1857 y 1858. La moneda fue diseñada por el grabador jefe de la Casa de la Moneda James B. Longacre , con el águila en vuelo. Basado en el trabajo del predecesor de Longacre, Christian Gobrecht .

    A principios de la década de 1850, el centavo grande (aproximadamente del tamaño de medio dólar ) emitido por la Casa de la Moneda se estaba volviendo impopular en el comercio y caro de acuñar. Después de experimentar con varios tamaños y composiciones, la Casa de la Moneda se decidió por una aleación de 88% de cobre y 12% de níquel por un centavo nuevo y más pequeño. Después de que la Casa de la Moneda produjo patrones con una fecha de 1856 y los entregó a legisladores y funcionarios, el Congreso autorizó formalmente la nueva pieza en febrero de 1857. ( Artículo completo... )

  • El barrio Standing Liberty es una moneda de 25 centavos que fue acuñada por la Casa de la Moneda de los Estados Unidos de 1916 a 1930. Sucedió al barrio Barber , que se había acuñado desde 1892. Con la diosa de la Libertad en un lado y un águila en vuelo en el la otra, la moneda fue diseñada por el escultor estadounidense Hermon Atkins MacNeil .

    En 1915, el director de la Casa de la Moneda, Robert W. Woolley, comenzó a tomar medidas para reemplazar las monedas de diez centavos, veinticinco centavos y medio dólar de Barber, ya que creía erróneamente que la ley requería nuevos diseños. MacNeil presentó un diseño militarista que mostraba a Liberty en guardia contra los ataques. La Casa de la Moneda requirió modificaciones al diseño inicial y la versión revisada de MacNeil incluyó delfines para representar los océanos. A finales de 1916, los funcionarios de la Casa de la Moneda realizaron cambios importantes en el diseño sin consultar a MacNeil. El escultor se quejó de los cambios tras recibir la nueva emisión en enero de 1917. La Casa de la Moneda obtuvo una legislación especial que permitía a MacNeil rediseñar la moneda como deseaba. Un cambio realizado por el escultor fue la adición de un chaleco de cota de malla que cubría el pecho anteriormente desnudo de Liberty. ( Articulo completo... )

  • The Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar was struck in 1928 by the United States Bureau of the Mint in honor of the 150th anniversary of Captain James Cook's landing in Hawaii, the first European to reach there. The coin depicts Captain Cook on the obverse and a Hawaiian chieftain on the reverse. Only 10,000 were struck for the public, making the coin rare and valuable.

    In 1927, the legislature of the Territory of Hawaii passed a resolution calling on the U.S. government to produce a commemorative coin for the 150th anniversary of Cook's arrival in Hawaii. Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon thought the occasion important enough that, unusually for him, he did not oppose such an issue. The bill for the Hawaii half dollar passed through Congress without opposition or amendment, and became the Act of March 7, 1928 with the signature of President Calvin Coolidge. (Full article...)
  • The British farthing (derived from the Old English feorthing, a fourth part) was a British coin worth a quarter of an old penny (1960 of a pound sterling). It ceased to be struck after 1956 and was demonetised from 1 January 1961.

    The British farthing is a continuation of the English farthing, struck by English monarchs prior to the Act of Union 1707 which unified the crowns of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. Only pattern farthings were struck under Queen Anne as there was a glut of farthings from previous reigns. The coin was struck intermittently under George I and George II, but by the reign of George III, counterfeits were so prevalent the Royal Mint ceased striking copper coinage after 1775. The next farthings were the first struck by steam power, in 1799 by Matthew Boulton at his Soho Mint under licence. Boulton coined more in 1806, and the Royal Mint resumed production in 1821. The farthing was struck fairly regularly under George IV and William IV. By then it carried a scaled-down version of the penny's design, and would continue to mirror the penny and halfpenny until after 1936. (Full article...)

  • The Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar or Cincinnati Music Center half dollar is a commemorative 50-cent piece struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1936. Produced with the stated purpose of commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Cincinnati, Ohio, as a center of music, it was conceived by Thomas G. Melish, a coin enthusiast who controlled the group which was allowed to buy the entire issue from the government, and who resold the pieces at high prices.

    Congress approved legislation for the coin on March 31, 1936, authorizing 15,000 pieces to be struck at the three mints then in operation. Melish had hired sculptor Constance Ortmayer to design the coin, but the Commission of Fine Arts refused to recommend the designs. Members objected to the depiction of Stephen Foster on the obverse, finding no connection between Foster, who died in 1864, and the supposed anniversary. Nevertheless, the designs were approved by the Bureau of the Mint, and 5,000 sets from the three mints were issued and sold to Melish's group, the only authorized purchaser. (Full article...)

  • The Lynchburg Sesquicentennial half dollar was a commemorative half dollar designed by Charles Keck and struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1936, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the 1786 incorporation of the independent city of Lynchburg, Virginia. The obverse of the coin depicts former Secretary of the Treasury and U.S. Senator Carter Glass, a native of Lynchburg. The reverse depicts a statue of the Goddess of Liberty, with Lynchburg sites behind her, including the Old Courthouse and the city's Confederate monument.

    Glass sponsored legislation for the half dollar, which passed Congress without difficulty. The Commission of Fine Arts proposed that the coin should bear the portrait of John Lynch, founder of Lynchburg, on the obverse, but no portrait of him was known. Instead, the Lynchburg Sesqui-Centennial Association decided Senator Glass should be on the coin. Despite his opposition, Glass became the third living person to appear on a U.S. coin, and the first to be shown alone. (Full article...)

  • The Bridgeport, Connecticut, Centennial half dollar (also the Bridgeport Centennial half dollar or Bridgeport half dollar) is a commemorative fifty-cent piece issued in 1936 by the United States Bureau of the Mint to honor the 100th anniversary of the incorporation of Bridgeport, Connecticut, as a city. Designed by Henry Kreis, the obverse depicts the showman P. T. Barnum, who was one of Bridgeport's most famous residents, was mayor of the city, helped develop it, and is buried there. The reverse depicts a stylized eagle.

    Bridgeport authorities wanted a commemorative coin to help fund the centennial celebrations. At the time, Congress was authorizing such coins for even local events, and the Bridgeport half dollar legislation passed Congress without opposition. Kreis had designed the Connecticut Tercentenary half dollar (1935), and he produced designs showing a left-facing Barnum and a modernistic eagle similar to the one on the Connecticut piece. (Full article...)

  • The Norse-American medal was struck at the Philadelphia Mint in 1925, pursuant to an act of the United States Congress. It was issued for the 100th anniversary of the voyage of the ship Restauration, bringing early Norwegian immigrants to the United States.

    U.S. Representative from Minnesota Ole Juulson Kvale, a Norwegian American, wanted a commemorative for the centennial celebrations of the Restauration journey. Rebuffed by the Treasury Department when he sought the issuance of a special coin, he instead settled for a medal. Sculpted by Buffalo nickel designer James Earle Fraser, the medals recognize those immigrants' Viking heritage, depicting a warrior of that culture on the obverse and his vessel on the reverse. The medals also recall the early Viking explorations of North America. (Full article...)

  • The Peace dollar is a United States dollar coin minted for circulation from 1921 to 1928 and 1934 to 1935, and beginning again for collectors in 2021. Designed by Anthony de Francisci, the coin was the result of a competition to find designs emblematic of peace. Its obverse represents the head and neck of the Goddess of Liberty in profile, and the reverse depicts a bald eagle at rest clutching an olive branch, with the legend "Peace". It was the last United States dollar coin to be struck for circulation in silver.

    With the passage of the Pittman Act in 1918, the United States Mint was required to strike millions of silver dollars, and began to do so in 1921, using the Morgan dollar design. Numismatists began to lobby the Mint to issue a coin that memorialized the peace following World War I; although they failed to get Congress to pass a bill requiring the redesign, they were able to persuade government officials to take action. The Peace dollar was approved by Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon in December 1921, completing the redesign of United States coinage that had begun in 1907. (Full article...)

  • The Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar, sometimes called the Fort Vancouver half dollar, is a commemorative fifty-cent piece struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1925. The coin was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser. Its obverse depicts John McLoughlin, who was in charge of Fort Vancouver (present-day Vancouver, Washington) from its construction in 1825 until 1846. From there, he effectively ruled the Oregon Country on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company. The reverse shows an armed frontiersman standing in front of the fort.

    Washington Representative Albert Johnson wanted a coin for Fort Vancouver's centennial celebrations, but was persuaded to accept a medal instead. But when another congressman was successful in amending a coinage bill to add a commemorative, Johnson tacked on language authorizing a coin for Fort Vancouver. The Senate agreed to the changes, and President Calvin Coolidge signed the authorizing act on February 24, 1925. (Full article...)

  • The Buffalo nickel or Indian Head nickel is a copper–nickel five-cent piece that was struck by the United States Mint from 1913 to 1938. It was designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser.

    As part of a drive to beautify the coinage, five denominations of US coins had received new designs between 1907 and 1909. In 1911, Taft administration officials decided to replace Charles E. Barber's Liberty Head design for the nickel, and commissioned Fraser to do the work. They were impressed by Fraser's designs showing a Native American and an American bison. The designs were approved in 1912, but were delayed several months because of objections from the Hobbs Manufacturing Company, which made mechanisms to detect slugs in nickel-operated machines. The company was not satisfied by changes made in the coin by Fraser, and in February 1913, Treasury Secretary Franklin MacVeagh decided to issue the coins despite the objections. (Full article...)

  • The Sacagawea dollar (also known as the "golden dollar") is a United States dollar coin introduced in 2000, but subsequently minted only for niche circulation from 2002 onward. The coin generally failed to meet consumer and business demands. It is still generally accepted in circulation.

    These coins have a copper core clad by manganese brass, giving them a distinctive golden color. The coin features an obverse by Glenna Goodacre. From 2000 to 2008, the reverse featured an eagle design by Thomas D. Rogers. Since 2009, the reverse of the Sacagawea dollar has been changed yearly, with each design in the series depicting a different aspect of Native American cultures. These coins are marketed as "Native American dollars". (Full article...)

  • The Waterloo Medal was designed by Italian-born sculptor Benedetto Pistrucci. He worked on it from 1819 to 1849, when the completed matrices were presented to Britain's Royal Mint. The medal was commissioned by the British Government in 1819 on the instructions of the Prince Regent (later George IV); copies were to be presented to the generals who had been victorious in the 1815 Battle of Waterloo, and to the leaders of Britain's allies. As most of the intended recipients had died by 1849, and relations with France had improved, the medals were never struck, though modern-day editions have been made for sale to collectors.

    In 1816, the Prince Regent had first suggested a medal to be presented to allies and commanders from Waterloo. The Royal Academy proposed work by John Flaxman, one of its members, but Pistrucci, whose responsibility it was to engrave the dies, refused to copy another's work, and brought forth designs of his own. The Prince Regent and William Wellesley-Pole, Master of the Mint were impressed by Pistrucci's models, and he gained the commission. (Full article...)

  • The Draped Bust dollar is a United States dollar coin minted from 1795 to 1803, and was reproduced, dated 1804, into the 1850s. The design succeeded the Flowing Hair dollar, which began mintage in 1794 and was the first silver dollar struck by the United States Mint. The designer is unknown, though the distinction is usually credited to artist Gilbert Stuart. The model is also unknown, though Ann Willing Bingham has been suggested.

    In October 1795, newly appointed Mint Director Elias Boudinot ordered that the legal fineness of 0.892 (89.2%) silver be used for the dollar rather than the unauthorized fineness of 0.900 (90%) silver that had been used since the denomination was first minted in 1794. Due largely to a decrease in the amount of silver deposited at the Philadelphia Mint, coinage of silver dollars declined throughout the latter years of the 18th century. In 1804, coinage of silver dollars was halted; the last date used during regular mint production was 1803. (Full article...)

  • The Illinois Centennial half dollar is a commemorative 50-cent piece struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1918. The obverse, depicting Abraham Lincoln, was designed by Chief Engraver George T. Morgan; the reverse, based on the Seal of Illinois, was by his assistant and successor, John R. Sinnock. Morgan's obverse is based on the statue by Andrew O'Connor.

    A commemorative was wanted by the State of Illinois to mark the centennial of its 1818 admission to the Union, and in 1918, legislation was introduced into Congress to accomplish this. It met no opposition, though several amendments were made during the legislative process. After it passed, the two engravers produced designs, but Treasury Secretary William G. McAdoo required changes, not all of which were made. (Full article...)

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La serie actual de monedas de francos suizos (reverso)

Las monedas del franco suizo son las monedas oficiales utilizadas en Suiza y Liechtenstein . El nombre de la subunidad es centime en francés e internacionalmente, Rappen en alemán, centesimo en italiano y rap en romanche . Hay monedas en denominaciones de 5 céntimos, 10 céntimos, 20 céntimos, 12 francos (50 céntimos), 1 franco, 2 francos y 5 francos.

Todas las monedas tienen la leyenda de Helvetia o Confœderatio Helvetica , el nombre latino de la Confederación Suiza , junto con el número del año. Las monedas de 5, 10 y 20 céntimos muestran una cabeza de la Libertad de perfil, diseñada por Karl Schwenzer (1879). Las monedas de 1⁄2 , 1 y 2 francos muestran una figura de pie de la personificación nacional Helvetia , diseñada por Albert Walch (1860). La moneda de 5 francos muestra en el anverso un retrato de un "pastor alpino" ( Alphirte ), diseñado por Paul Burkhard (1922), y en el reverso el escudo federal ;

además tiene la inscripción Dominus Providebit grabada en el borde. ( Articulo completo... )

Imagen seleccionada


Crédito: Camp4joy.org, Usuario: Jabez
Niña uzbeka con tocado y collar de monedas de la Unión Soviética .

Sabías...

Moneda de 2 dólares de Terranova
Reverso, Terranova dos dólares

Portales relacionados

Moneda seleccionada -mostrar otro

El búfalo americano , también conocido como búfalo de oro , es una moneda de lingotes de 24 quilates que la Casa de la Moneda de los Estados Unidos puso a la venta por primera vez en 2006. La moneda sigue el diseño del níquel Indian Head y obtuvo su apodo del bisonte americano en el reverso del diseño. Esta fue la primera vez que el gobierno de los Estados Unidos acuñó monedas de oro puro (.9999) de 24 quilates para el público. La moneda contiene una onza troy (31,1 g) de oro puro y tiene un valor de curso legal (nominal) de 50 dólares estadounidenses . Debido a una combinación de la popularidad de la moneda y el aumento del precio del oro, el valor de la moneda ha aumentado. importantemente. El precio inicial de la moneda de prueba en la Casa de la Moneda de Estados Unidos en 2006 fue de 800 dólares. En 2007 el precio era de $899,95, $1.410 en 2009 y $2.010 en 2011.

Además de requerir que una serie de monedas de un dólar presidencial comenzara en 2007 y rediseñar el centavo en 2009, la Ley Presidencial de Monedas de 1 dólar de 2005 ordenó la producción de una moneda de lingotes de oro de 24 quilates de una onza con un valor nominal de 50 dólares y una acuñación. Límite de hasta 300.000 monedas. ( Articulo completo... )

Imagen de billete seleccionada -mostrar otro


Crédito: commons:Usuario:Timur lenk
Frente de 1902 50 coronas austrohúngaras .

Imágenes generales -cargar nuevo lote

Las siguientes son imágenes de varios artículos relacionados con la numismática en Wikipedia.

Terminología numismática

WikiProyectos

Temas numismáticos

Dinero - Monedas - Billetes - Dinero electrónico - Tipo de cambio - Curso legal - Clubes - Terminología

Moneda antigua : Asia - Bizancio - Grecia - Moneda primitiva - Romana - Moneda india

Moneda moderna : África - América - Asia y el Pacífico - Europa - Monedas en lingotes - Monedas de desafío - Monedas conmemorativas - Monedas simbólicas

Economía : Banca - Bonos - Cheques - Tarjetas de crédito - Moneda fiduciaria - Patrón oro - Casas de moneda - Unión monetaria - Moneda de reserva - Acciones

Producción : Acuñación (mecanizado) - Diseñadores - Troqueles - Casa de moneda (moneda)  • Acuñación Metales : Aluminio - Bronce - Cobre - Oro - Platino - Plata - Estaño

Exonumia - Notafilia - Scripofilia



Lista de artículos

Bancos centrales  • Monedas  • Monedas en circulación  • Monedas históricas  • Monedas comunitarias estadounidenses  • Monedas comunitarias canadienses  • Casas de moneda  • Motivos en billetes  • Monedas más caras

Subcategorías

rompecabezas de categoría
rompecabezas de categoría
Seleccione [►] para ver las subcategorías

Monedas más negociadas

Recursos web

  • NumisWiki
  • Asociación Internacional de Numismáticos Profesionales
  • Asociación Numismática Americana
  • Sociedad Numismática Americana
  • Asociación Numismática Británica
  • Asociación Americana de Vecturistas
  • Asociación de monedas de desafío
  • Museo Numismático de Atenas, Grecia

  • La Casa de la Moneda de Perth Australia
  • Casa de la Moneda Central de China
  • Casa real de la moneda
  • La Casa de la Moneda francesa
  • Casa de la Moneda de Estados Unidos
  • Banco de Rusia
  • Casa de la Moneda Real Canadiense
  • Software numismático Exact Change

  • Banco central europeo
  • Banco Mundial
  • Reserva Federal de EE.UU.

Cosas que puedes hacer


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  • Biblioteca de contenido gratuito de Wikisource
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    Herramientas de aprendizaje gratuitas

  • Diccionario y tesauro de Wikcionario

Fuentes

  1. ^ Encuesta trienal de bancos centrales Volumen de divisas en abril de 2022 (PDF) (Reporte). Banco de acuerdos internacionales . 27 de octubre de 2022. p. 12. Archivado (PDF) desde el original el 27 de octubre de 2022.
  1. ^ La suma total es 200% porque cada transacción de divisas se cuenta dos veces: una para la moneda que se compra y otra para la que se vende. Los porcentajes anteriores representan la proporción de todas las operaciones que involucran una moneda determinada, independientemente de en qué lado de la transacción se encuentre. Por ejemplo, el dólar estadounidense se compra o vende en el 88% de todas las transacciones de divisas, mientras que el euro se compra o vende en el 31% de todas las transacciones.
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