Esta es una lista de especies de aves registradas en Uzbekistán . La avifauna de Uzbekistán incluye un total de 483 especies.
El tratamiento taxonómico (designación y secuencia de órdenes, familias y especies) y la nomenclatura (nombres comunes y científicos) de esta lista siguen las convenciones de The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , edición de 2022. Las cuentas familiares al comienzo de cada título reflejan esta taxonomía, al igual que los recuentos de especies que se encuentran en cada cuenta familiar. Las especies accidentales están incluidas en el recuento total de especies de Uzbekistán.
La siguiente etiqueta se ha utilizado para resaltar especies accidentales.
Orden: Anseriformes Familia: Anatidae
Anatidae incluye los patos y la mayoría de las aves acuáticas parecidas a los patos, como los gansos y los cisnes . Estas aves están adaptadas a una existencia acuática con patas palmeadas, picos aplanados y plumas que son excelentes para arrojar agua debido a una capa aceitosa.
Orden: Galliformes Familia: Phasianidae
Los Phasianidae son una familia de aves terrestres que está formada por codornices , perdices , gallos blancos , francolines , polluelos , tragopanes , monales , faisanes , pavos reales y aves de selva . En general, son regordetes (aunque varían en tamaño) y tienen alas anchas y relativamente cortas.
Orden: Phoenicopteriformes Familia: Phoenicopteridae
Los flamencos son aves zancudas gregarias, generalmente de 3 a 5 pies (0,9 a 1,5 m) de altura, que se encuentran tanto en el hemisferio occidental como en el oriental. Los flamencos se alimentan por filtración de mariscos y algas. Sus picos de forma extraña están especialmente adaptados para separar el barro y el limo de los alimentos que consumen y, de forma singular, se utilizan al revés.
Orden: Podicipediformes Familia: Podicipedidae
Los zampullines son aves buceadoras de agua dulce de tamaño pequeño a mediano y grande. Tienen dedos lobulados y son excelentes nadadores y buceadores. Sin embargo, tienen los pies colocados muy atrás del cuerpo, lo que los hace bastante desgarbados en tierra.
Orden: Columbiformes Familia: Columbidae
Las palomas y las tórtolas son aves de cuerpo robusto con cuello corto y pico corto y delgado con una cera carnosa .
Orden: Pterocliformes Familia: Pteroclidae
Las gangas tienen cabezas y cuellos pequeños, parecidos a los de una paloma, pero cuerpos robustos y compactos. Tienen alas largas y puntiagudas y, a veces, colas y un vuelo rápido y directo. Las bandadas vuelan a los abrevaderos al amanecer y al anochecer. Sus piernas están emplumadas hasta los dedos de los pies.
Orden: Otidiformes Familia: Otididae
Las avutardas son grandes aves terrestres asociadas principalmente con las estepas y los campos secos y abiertos del Viejo Mundo. Son omnívoros y anidan en el suelo. Caminan de manera constante sobre piernas fuertes y dedos gordos de los pies, picoteando en busca de comida a medida que avanzan. Tienen alas largas y anchas con puntas de "dedos" y patrones llamativos en vuelo. Muchos tienen interesantes exhibiciones de apareamiento.
Orden: Cuculiformes Familia: Cuculidae
La familia Cuculidae incluye cucos , correcaminos y anís . Estas aves son de tamaño variable con cuerpos esbeltos, colas largas y patas fuertes. Los cucos del Viejo Mundo son parásitos de cría .
Orden: Caprimulgiformes Familia: Caprimulgidae
Los chotacabras son aves nocturnas de tamaño mediano que suelen anidar en el suelo. Tienen alas largas, patas cortas y picos muy cortos. La mayoría tiene pies pequeños, de poca utilidad para caminar, y alas largas y puntiagudas. Su suave plumaje está camuflado para parecerse a cortezas u hojas.
Orden: Caprimulgiformes Familia: Apodidae
Los vencejos son pájaros pequeños que pasan la mayor parte de su vida volando. Estas aves tienen patas muy cortas y nunca se posan voluntariamente en el suelo, sino que se posan únicamente en superficies verticales. Muchos vencejos tienen alas largas y echadas hacia atrás que se asemejan a una media luna o un bumerán.
Orden: Gruiformes Familia: Rallidae
Rallidae es una gran familia de aves de tamaño pequeño a mediano que incluye los raíles , las polluelas , las fochas y las gallinulas . Normalmente habitan en una densa vegetación en ambientes húmedos cerca de lagos, pantanos o ríos. En general son aves tímidas y reservadas, lo que las hace difíciles de observar. La mayoría de las especies tienen patas fuertes y dedos largos que se adaptan bien a superficies blandas e irregulares. Suelen tener alas cortas y redondeadas y son débiles voladores.
Orden: Gruiformes Familia: Gruidae
Las grullas son aves grandes, de patas y cuello largos. A diferencia de las garzas de apariencia similar pero no relacionadas, las grullas vuelan con el cuello extendido, no hacia atrás. La mayoría tiene exhibiciones de cortejo o "bailes" elaborados y ruidosos.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Burhinidae
Las rodillas gruesas son un grupo de aves zancudas en gran parte tropicales de la familia Burhinidae. Se encuentran en todo el mundo dentro de la zona tropical, y algunas especies también se reproducen en las zonas templadas de Europa y Australia. Son aves zancudas de tamaño mediano a grande con fuertes picos negros o amarillo-negros, grandes ojos amarillos y plumaje críptico. A pesar de estar clasificados como aves zancudas, la mayoría de las especies tienen preferencia por hábitats áridos o semiáridos.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae es una familia de grandes aves zancudas, que incluye a las avocetas y las zancudas . Las avocetas tienen patas largas y picos largos y curvados hacia arriba. Los zancos tienen patas extremadamente largas y picos largos, delgados y rectos.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Ibidorhynchidae
El ibisbill está relacionado con las aves zancudas , pero es lo suficientemente distintivo como para formar una familia en sí mismo. El adulto es gris con vientre blanco, patas rojas, pico largo y curvado hacia abajo y cara y banda en el pecho negras.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Haematopodidae
Los ostreros son aves grandes y ruidosas parecidas a los chorlitos , con picos fuertes que utilizan para aplastar o abrir moluscos .
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Charadriidae
La familia Charadriidae incluye los chorlitos , los chorlitos y las avefrías . Son aves de tamaño pequeño a mediano con cuerpos compactos, cuellos cortos y gruesos y alas largas, generalmente puntiagudas. Se encuentran en campo abierto en todo el mundo, principalmente en hábitats cercanos al agua.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae es una familia grande y diversa de aves playeras de tamaño pequeño a mediano, que incluye playeros , zarapitos , agujas divinas , patas , chismosos , becadas , agachadizas , zahoríes y falaropos . La mayoría de estas especies se alimentan de pequeños invertebrados recogidos del barro o del suelo. La variación en la longitud de las patas y los picos permite que múltiples especies se alimenten en el mismo hábitat, particularmente en la costa, sin competencia directa por el alimento.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Glareolidae
Glareolidae es una familia de aves zancudas que comprende las canasteras , que tienen patas cortas, alas largas y puntiagudas y colas largas y bifurcadas, y los corceles , que tienen patas largas, alas cortas y picos largos y puntiagudos que se curvan hacia abajo.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Stercorariidae
La familia Stercorariidae son, en general, aves de tamaño mediano a grande, típicamente con plumaje gris o marrón, a menudo con marcas blancas en las alas. Anidan en el suelo en regiones templadas y árticas y migran largas distancias.
Orden: Charadriiformes Familia: Laridae
Laridae es una familia de aves marinas de tamaño mediano a grande, las gaviotas , los charranes y los rayadores . Las gaviotas suelen ser grises o blancas, a menudo con marcas negras en la cabeza o las alas. Tienen picos robustos y alargados y patas palmeadas. Los charranes son un grupo de aves marinas generalmente de tamaño mediano a grande, típicamente con plumaje gris o blanco, a menudo con marcas negras en la cabeza. La mayoría de los charranes cazan peces buceando, pero algunos recogen insectos de la superficie del agua dulce. Los charranes son generalmente aves longevas, y se sabe que varias especies viven más de 30 años.
Orden: Gaviiformes Familia: Gaviidae
Los somorgujos, conocidos en Europa como buzos, son un grupo de aves acuáticas que se encuentran en muchas partes de América del Norte y el norte de Europa. Tienen el tamaño de un pato grande o un ganso pequeño, al que se parecen un poco cuando nadan, pero con el que no tienen ninguna relación.
Orden: Ciconiiformes Familia: Ciconiidae
Las cigüeñas son aves zancudas grandes, de patas largas y cuello largo, con picos largos y robustos. Las cigüeñas son mudas, pero el ruido de los picos es un modo importante de comunicación en el nido. Sus nidos pueden ser grandes y reutilizarse durante muchos años. Muchas especies son migratorias.
Orden: Suliformes Familia: Anhingidae
Las anhingas o dardos a menudo se llaman "pájaros-serpiente" debido a su cuello largo y delgado, que les da una apariencia de serpiente cuando nadan con el cuerpo sumergido. Los machos tienen plumaje negro y marrón oscuro, una cresta eréctil en la nuca y un pico más grande que el de la hembra. Las hembras tienen un plumaje mucho más pálido, especialmente en el cuello y las partes inferiores. Los dardos tienen pies completamente palmeados y sus piernas son cortas y están muy atrás en el cuerpo. Su plumaje es algo permeable, como el de los cormoranes, y extienden las alas para secarlas tras sumergirse.
Orden: Suliformes Familia: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Panuridae
This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.[2]
Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae
The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.