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Lista de productos de IBM

Resumen de la impresión de la IBM 526 Punch, ca. 1948, con disposición de teclado en francés

La lista de productos de IBM es una lista parcial de productos, servicios y subsidiarias de International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation y sus corporaciones predecesoras, a partir de la década de 1890. [1]

Contexto

Desde la década de 1890, International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation y sus corporaciones predecesoras han ofrecido productos, servicios y subsidiarias . [1] Esta lista comprende esas ofertas y es ecléctica; incluye, por ejemplo, el AN/FSQ-7 , que no era un producto en el sentido de ofrecido para la venta , sino un producto en el sentido de fabricado, producido por el trabajo de IBM . Se incluyen varias máquinas fabricadas para la Oficina de Computación Astronómica de la Universidad de Columbia, al igual que algunas máquinas construidas solo como demostraciones de la tecnología de IBM. Faltan muchos RPQ , productos OEM (semiconductores, por ejemplo) y suministros (tarjetas perforadas, por ejemplo). Estos productos y otros faltan simplemente porque nadie los ha agregado.

IBM a veces utiliza el mismo número para un sistema y para el componente principal de ese sistema. Por ejemplo, la unidad de cálculo IBM 604 es un componente de la perforadora de cálculo IBM 604. Y las distintas divisiones de IBM utilizaban los mismos números de modelo; por ejemplo, IBM 01 sin pistas de contexto podría ser una referencia a una perforadora de teclas o a la primera máquina de escribir eléctrica de IBM.

La secuencia de números puede no corresponderse con la secuencia de desarrollo del producto. Por ejemplo, el tabulador 402 era un 405 mejorado y modernizado. [2]

IBM utiliza dos estructuras de nombres para sus productos de hardware modernos. Normalmente, a los productos se les asigna un tipo de máquina de tres o cuatro dígitos y un número de modelo (puede ser una combinación de letras y números). Un producto también puede tener un nombre comercial o de marca. Por ejemplo, 2107 es el tipo de máquina del IBM System Storage DS8000 . Si bien la mayoría de los productos se enumeran aquí por tipo de máquina, hay casos en los que solo se utiliza un nombre comercial o de marca. Se debe tener cuidado al buscar un producto en particular, ya que a veces los números de tipo y modelo se superponen. Por ejemplo, el producto de almacenamiento de IBM conocido como Enterprise Storage Server es el tipo de máquina 2105, y el producto de impresión de IBM conocido como IBM Infoprint 2105 es el tipo de máquina 2705, por lo que buscar un IBM 2105 podría dar como resultado que se encuentren dos productos diferentes (o el producto equivocado).

IBM introdujo la tarjeta perforada rectangular de 80 columnas en 1928. Los modelos de máquinas anteriores a 1928 que continuaron en producción con el nuevo formato de tarjeta de 80 columnas tenían el mismo número de modelo que antes. Las máquinas fabricadas antes de 1928 fueron, en algunos casos, modernizadas con lectores y/o perforadores de tarjetas de 80 columnas , por lo que existían máquinas con fechas de fabricación anteriores a 1928 que contenían tecnología de 1928.

Esta lista está organizada por clasificaciones de máquinas y aplicaciones, en lugar de por nombre de producto. Por lo tanto, algunas (pocas) entradas estarán duplicadas. El modelo 1420, por ejemplo, figura como miembro de la familia 1401 y como máquina para banca y finanzas.

Los nombres de los productos de IBM han variado a lo largo de los años; por ejemplo, estos dos textos hacen referencia al mismo producto.

En este artículo se utiliza el nombre o la combinación de nombres que mejor describen el producto. Por lo tanto, la entrada para lo anterior es

Los productos de The Tabulating Machine Company se pueden identificar por fecha, antes de 1933, cuando las subsidiarias se fusionaron con IBM.

Equipo de registro de unidad

Perforadoras y verificadores

Clasificadores, máquinas estadísticas y derivadas

Alzadores

Reproducción de punzón, punzón resumen,puñetazo en grupo, y máquinas derivadas

Intérpretes

Tabuladores, máquinas de contabilidad, impresoras

402 y versiones conocidas

404

405 y versiones conocidas

407 y versiones conocidas

Calculadoras

IBM 601

División de equipos de tiempo

Portada de un catálogo de ventas de enero de 1920. La portada también muestra balanzas y una perforadora portátil (segunda desde abajo, en la esquina inferior izquierda)

IBM fabricó una gama de relojes y otros dispositivos hasta 1958, cuando vendió la División de Equipos de Tiempo a Simplex Time Recorder Company (SimplexGrinnell, a partir de 2001) . [66] [67] [68] [69]

Máquinas de escribir

Basado en Typeball

Basado en rueda de margarita

Máquinas de dictado IBM

Las máquinas de dictado IBM siempre se mencionan por el nombre de la familia y el modelo, nunca por el tipo de máquina. De hecho, a veces se confunde a los modelos con los tipos de máquina. Existen tres marcas y varios modelos conocidos:

Línea de equipos de dictado IBM Executary (1960-1972).

Equipos de procesamiento de entrada de IBM (1972-1975)

Sistema de cartuchos IBM 6:5 (1975-1981)

Copiadoras/Duplicadoras

Copiadoras IBM :

Alzadoras (una alzadora era una característica de una fotocopiadora, pero se vendía como un tipo de máquina independiente):

IBM también vendió una gama de suministros para fotocopiadoras, incluidos rollos de papel (comercializados como IBM General Copy Bond), hojas de papel cortadas (comercializadas como papel multisistema IBM) y tóner.

La línea de copiadoras/duplicadoras de IBM y sus contratos de servicio asociados se vendieron a Eastman Kodak en 1988. [81]

Artillería de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y productos relacionados

Otros productos no informáticos

Computadoras basadas en tubos de vacío (años 50)

Para estas computadoras, la mayoría de los componentes eran exclusivos de una computadora específica y se muestran aquí inmediatamente después de la entrada de la computadora.

Computadoras de estado sólido basadas en transistores discretos (década de 1960)

Más información : mainframe IBM , minicomputadora IBM .

Serie IBM 1400: 1240, 1401, 1410, 1420, 1440, 1450, 1460, 7010

IBM 1620

IBM 7030 (Estirar)

Serie IBM 7070: 7070, 7072, 7074

IBM 7080

Serie IBM 7090: 7040, 7044, 7090, 7094, 7094 II

Computadoras y sistemas de estado sólido posteriores

Computadoras basadas en CPU con circuitos integrados discretos o SLT (1964-1989)

Computadoras basadas en CPU con circuitos integrados discretos (1990-actualidad)

Computadoras basadas en CPU con microprocesador (1981-actualidad)

Computadoras

Supercomputers

Microprocessors

Solid-state computer peripherals

Punched card and paper tape equipment

Microfilm products

IBM announced a range of Microfilm products in 1963 and 1964[149] and withdrew them in 1969.[150]

Printer/plotter equipment

Graphics displays

Data storage units

Core storage

Direct-access storage devices

In IBM's terminology beginning with the System/360 disk and such devices featuring short access times were collectively called DASD. The IBM 2321 Data Cell is a DASD that used tape as its storage medium. See also history of IBM magnetic disk drives.

Magnetic tape storage

Optical storage

Storage networking and virtualization

Coprocessor units

Channels and input/output control units

Data communications devices

Power supply/distribution units

Modems

Magnetic ink and optical readers

Other

IBM PC components and peripherals

Embedded systems, application-specific machines/systems

Airline reservation systems

Bank and finance

Computer-aided drafting (CAD)

Word processing

Other document processing

Educational

Government: avionics, computation, command and control, and space systems

Industry and manufacturing

Medical/science/lab equipment

Research/advertising (not product) machines

Retail/point-of-sale (POS)

Telecommunications

Unclassified

Computer software

Some software listings are for software families, not products (Fortran was not a product; Fortran H was a product).

Some IBM software products were distributed free (no charge for the software itself, a common practice early in the industry). The term "Program Product" was used by IBM to denote that the software is generally available[NB 2] at an additional charge.[196] Prior to June 1969, the majority of software packages written by IBM were available at no charge to IBM customers; with the June 1969 announcement, new software not designated as "System Control Programming" became Program Products, although existing non-system software remained available for free.[196]

Operating systems

Utilities and languages

Middleware and applications

IBM distributes its diverse collection of software products over several brands; mainly:

  1. IBM's own branding for many software products originally developed in-house;
  2. Lotus: collaboration and communication;
  3. Rational: software development and maintenance;
  4. Tivoli: management, operations, and Cloud;
  5. WebSphere: Internet.
  6. Watson Main article: IBM Watson
  7. Watsonx Main article: IBM Watsonx

Watson Customer Engagement

The Watson Customer Engagement (commonly known as WCE and formerly known as IBM Commerce) business unit supports marketing, commerce, and supply chain software development and product offerings for IBM. Software and solutions offered as part of these three portfolios by WCE are as follows:

Watson Marketing Portfolio
Watson Commerce
Watson Supply Chain

Watsonx

Models

Data centers

A 40-foot Portable Modular Data Center

Services

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Used by CTSS
  2. ^ Unlike a PRPQ.
  3. ^ 1401 SPS and 1620 SPS were incompatible

References

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