October 25, 1971: United Nations votes 76 to 35...October 1, 1971: CAT Scan performed for the first time on a human patient...to admit Communist China as a member...October 1, 1971: Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida[1]...and expels Republic of China (Taiwan)
Walt Disney World opened at 10:00 in the morning near Orlando, Florida.[3] Roughly 2,000 people were waiting when the gates opened to the eastern U.S. counterpart to Disneyland, which had opened in 1955 in Anaheim, California. On the first day, only 10,000 paying customers showed up rather than the predicted 30,000.[4]
For the first time since the October 1, 1949, Chinese Revolution, the traditional massive parades through Beijing for the National Day of the People's Republic of China were canceled, and celebrations were minimal, with no explanation for the cancellation of scheduled events.[5] Although a giant portrait of Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong was put on display in Tiananmen Square, the official Party newspaper, Jenmin Jin Pao, made no editorial comment and omitted any photos of both Mao and Deputy Party Chairman Lin Biao. Unbeknownst to the general public, the Party and the government had been in turmoil since August after an attempted overthrow of Chairman Mao by Vice Chairman Lin.
As part of a program of "regional reform" (Gebietsreform) in West Germany's state of Hessen, mergers of several villages went into effect. Niederwalluf and Oberwalluf were combined as Walluf; Neuenhasslau and Gondsroth were united as Hasselroth; Eibelshausen, Eiershausen and Wissenbach merged to form Eschenburg; Bleidenstadt, Hahn, Neuhof, Seitzenhahn, Watzhahn and Wehen formed Taunusstein; and the municipalities of Dauborn, Heringen, Kirberg, Mensfelden, Nauheim, Neesbach and Ohren were amalgamated as Hünfelden. In the first phase of encouraging voluntary mergers, the number of municipalities went from 2,642 to 1,233. Mandatory consolidation to reduce the number to 500 would take place in 1974.[6]
Died: Senior Lieutenant Maguba Guseynovna Syrtlanova, 69, Soviet pilot and Heroine of the Soviet Union as deputy commander of the all-female 588th Night Bomber Regiment of the Soviet Air Force, nicknamed "die Nachthexen" ("The Night Witches") by the Germans.[7][8]
October 2, 1971 (Saturday)
All 63 people on board British European Airways Flight 706 were killed when the Vickers Vanguard turboprop suffered an explosive decompression at an altitude of 19,000 feet (5,800 m) while flying over Belgium. Flight 706 had taken off from London 35 minutes earlier, bound for Salzburg in Austria. The explosion of an engine caused the Vanguard to plummet, and the plane crashed on a pasture near Ghent in a field beside a road between the towns of Tielt and Deinze.[9][10][11]
The Soviet unmanned probe Luna 19 went into orbit around the Moon[14] and began collecting and transmitting data for more than a year, before ceasing communications on November 1, 1972.[15]
The Bible Broadcasting Network, a U.S.-based Christian radio network, began its first broadcast, signing on at 5:00 in the afternoon on station WYFI in Norfolk, Virginia. The network now is carried on 52 stations in the U.S.[19]
For the first time in the history of American football, a "one-point safety" was scored in a game. Differing from the more common 2-point safety, the awarding of one point to one's opponent is reserved for infractions committed by the team opposing a point after touchdown kick, and happened in Syracuse University's 7 to 0 win over host Indiana University, when IU's Mike Heizman tipped an extra point try by George Bodine of Syracuse, and Syracuse center Greg Aulk fell on the ball in the end zone.[20]
U.S. Representative Richard H. Poff of Virginia abruptly withdrew his name from consideration as U.S. Supreme Court justice, four hours after an American Bar Association committee met to survey the opinion of other lawyers about whether Poff was qualified. Poff, who had not formally been nominated, had reportedly been President Nixon's first choice to fill the seat recently vacated by Justice Hugo Black.[21]
Born: Tiffany (stage name for Tiffany Renee Darwish), American teenage music icon who successfully promoted her record album into a number one bestseller by her tour of free concerts at U.S. shopping malls in 1987; in Norwalk, California[22]
Died:
Dr. Marie Lebour, 95, British marine biologist with a career spanning 64 years. Among 28 species she discovered were Meiosquilla lebouri, Cercaria lebouri and Lepidodiscus lebouri.[23][24]
U.S. Navy Admiral Richard H. Jackson, 105, former commander-in-chief of the Battle Fleet, died of cardiac failure, 10 days after fracturing a hip.[25]
Otto Lucas, 68, German-born British milliner who designed fashionable hats for celebrities, was killed in the crash of BEA Flight 706.[26]
October 3, 1971 (Sunday)
François Cevert of France won the United States Grand Prix, his only Formula One Grand Prix season victory.[27]Jackie Stewart of Scotland, who had already clinched more points than any of his opponents in six races than by his closest competitor (Ronnie Peterson of Sweden) would have for the entire 11-race schedule, had already clinched the championship by August 1.
Died:
Seán Ó Riada (John Reidy), Irish musician and composer, 40, died of cirrhosis of the liver.[28]
Researchers at the Yunnan Institute of Pharmacology in China made a breakthrough in the treatment of malaria based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and synthesis of the extract of qinghao from the artemisia annua plant, as described by an ancient physician, Ge Hong, in the 4th Century.[29] Dr. Tu Youyou and her team of researchers discovered on October 4 that the compound they produced, artemisinin, could successfully cure common strains of malarial fever in monkeys and mice, and moved to human testing that proved equally effective in August 1972. For her discovery, Dr. Tu would be the co-recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[30]
Egypt's President Anwar Sadat was chosen as the first President of the Federation of Arab Republics, by agreement of the three-member Presidential Council that consisted of Sadat, Libya's President Muammar Gaddafi and Syria's Hafez al-Assad.[31]
In an unusual hijacking incident that cost the lives of three people because of the negligence of an FBI agent, a real estate agent in Nashville kidnapped his wife at gunpoint, leased a twin-engine aircraft claiming to be a physician who was taking her for medical treatment in Miami, then forced the two-member crew to fly him to the Bahamas. George M. Giffe Jr. killed his wife Susan, and pilot Brent Quinton Downs, after Downs landed the plane in Jacksonville, then killed himself, after FBI agents grounded the plane by shooting out the tires and an engine.[34] The event remains a cautionary tale of poor handling of hostage negotiating.[35] In 1975, a federal court judgment of $388,530 would be entered against the FBI and special agent James O' Connor on behalf of the estates of Mrs. Giffe and Mr. Downs, and for the Big Brother Aircraft, Inc., the owner of the airplane.[36]
Died:
Alberto Fermín Zubiría, 69, nominal head of state of Uruguay from March 1, 1956, to March 1, 1957, as president of the nine-member National Council of Government of Uruguay, the nominal head of a state in a nine-member executive council where the position of chairman rotated among the members for one year terms. Fermín served the term lasting from 1 March 1956 to 1 March 1957.[37]
John Carroll, 80, Australian war hero and Victoria Cross recipient for his bravery during the June 1917 Battle of Messines during World War One "[38]
U.S. Army Major General Norman Cota, 78, known for rallying troops during the D-Day assault on Omaha Beach in Normandy during World War Two.[39]
October 5, 1971 (Tuesday)
A meteorite fell in Brazil within the city limits of Marília in São Paulo state, breaking into at least seven fragments that totaled 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb), the largest of which weighed 780 grams (28 oz).[40] According to the coordinates listed on the Mindat.org site (-22.25000,-49.93333), the fragments of the H4 iron chondrite stone landed at what is now the Parque São Jorge section of Marília, near the intersection of R. Eduardo Prado and Avenida João Ramalho.[40]
The Baltimore Orioles won the championship of baseball's American League in a three-game sweep of a best-3-of-5 series, defeating Oakland A's, 5 to 3, to advance to the World Series.[41]
Sir Peregrine Henniker-Heaton, 68, British intelligence officer for the MI-6 agency and the 3rd Baronet Henniker-Heaton, committed suicide after going for a morning stroll, then locking himself inside his study in his home in the London suburb of Ealing. His body would not be found until almost three years later, on June 23, 1974.[45][46]
James G. Fulton, 68, U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania since 1945, died of a heart attack two days after he had been admitted to Walter Reed Medical Center for a checkup.[48]
October 7, 1971 (Thursday)
The British Museum loaned the "Cyrus Cylinder" to Iran for 16 days during the Iranian celebration of the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire. The ancient clay cylinder, inscribed in cuneiform script and written in the Akkadian language, had been written in 539 BC as a proclamation in the name of Persia's King Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire, following his conquest of Babylonia. The cylinder was rediscovered in 1879 by archaeologists excavating the site of Babylon (near the current site of the city of Hillah in Iraq) rather than in Iran itself.
Polygamy became illegal in Hong Kong as the Marriage Reform Ordinance 1970 went into effect, superseding the Great Qing Legal Code that had been implemented during the Manchu dynasty in 1644 and had continued by British colonial authorities in the administration of Hong Kong.[49]
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, the last Crown Prince of Italy as the eldest son of the last King, Umberto II, married Swiss water skier Marina Doria while the two were in Iran as the invited guests of the Shah for the 2,500th anniversary celebration of the Persian Empire.[50]
Died:K. Kelappan (Koyapalli Kelappan Nair), 82, Indian civil rights activist[51]
October 8, 1971 (Friday)
The government of Canada, led by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, adopted the policy of "multiculturalism within a bilingual framework". Trudeau addressed the House of Commons in Ottawa and said that "Although there are two official languages, there is no official culture, nor does any ethnic group take precedence over any other."[52][53]
The Soviet Union expelled five British foreign diplomats and prohibited 13 others from returning, as a retaliation for the September expulsion from the UK of 90 Soviet officials.[54]
Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong appeared in public for the first time in more than two months, along with Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, but Vice Chairman Lin Biao, who had not been seen since June and not mentioned in the press since August, did not appear for Mao's official greeting of Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie.[55]
October 9, 1971 (Saturday)
An attempted coup d'etat by a unit of the Argentine Army failed after less than a day when the rebels received no support from the rest of the military in their attempt to overthrow President Alejandro Lanusse. The coup plotters seized a radio station in Buenos Aires and the cities of Azul and Olavarría all of which were recaptured by the Argentine Army. Colonel Manuel Alejandro Garcia, leader of the rebels, surrendered to General Joaquin Aguilar Pinedo after government troops re-entered Azul. No shots were fired during the coup attempt.[56]
In Vietnam, an American prisoner of war was freed by the Communist Viet Cong after more than two years as a POW. U.S. Army Staff Sergeant John C. Sexton Jr., who was captured on August 12, 1969, was released at Loc Ninh, was only the 23rd American prisoner to be released by the Viet Cong since the Vietnam War had started.[57]
October 10, 1971 (Sunday)
The classic British TV drama series Upstairs, Downstairs was shown for the first time, premiering on ITV.[58][59]
Nine members of the dance troupe of the Colon Theater Ballet of Argentina were killed in a plane crash shortly after takeoff from Buenos Aires en route to Bahia Blanca. The air taxi plunged into the Río de la Plata estuary after one of the engines failed.[61]
Died: Norma Fontenla, 41, and José Neglia, 42, Argentine ballet partners, were killed, along with seven other members of the Teatro Colon troupe when the plane they were on crashed shortly after takeoff from Buenos Aires.[61]
October 11, 1971 (Monday)
Salyut 1, the first manned space station in human history, burned up upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, slightly less than six months after its original launch, as the mission was terminated by the Soviet Union space program.[66]
The University of Wisconsin System, composed of the 13 state universities of the U.S. state of Wisconsin, was created by the merger of the nine members of the Wisconsin State Universities (at Eau Claire, La Crosse, Oshkosh, Platteville, River Falls, Stout (in Menomonie), Superior, Stevens Point, and Whitewater), the University of Wisconsin (at Madison) and UW's partner Wisconsin State College-Milwaukee.[67]
"Imagine", the most popular of John Lennon's songs after the breakup of The Beatles, was released as a single in the United States.[68]
Nardong Putik (Leonardo Manicio), 46, Filipino gangster, was killed in a shootout with Philippine police[71]
October 12, 1971 (Tuesday)
In the middle of Pakistan's war with Bangladeshi separatists in East Pakistan the President, General Yahya Khan, announced that he would convene a new National Assembly with elections to fill all of the seats vacated by Awami League members. On December 7, 1970, the Awami League had won 167 of the 169 seats reserved by the government (based in West Pakistan) for the more populous East Pakistan, then declared the results invalid rather than to convene a parliament where a majority of the 313 seats were controlled by the other half of the geographically-divided nation. Subsequently, Yahya's government declared 78 of the 167 seats vacant because the candidates elected to them "had committed crimes against the state".[72]
After originally being executed as a studio recording of a rock music album almost a year earlier, Jesus Christ Superstar was performed for the first time before a theater audience, opening on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre (which, appropriately, would later become the interdenominational Times Square Church).[73]
Charles "Tex" Watson, who had carried out most of the actual homicides in the Tate—LaBianca murders of August 8, 1969, at the direction of Charles Manson, was convicted of seven counts of first degree murder by a jury in Los Angeles.[75]
The U.S. House of Representatives overwhelmingly approved the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) as a 27th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, 354 to 23, and the legislation moved on to the U.S. Senate.[76]
Born: Russian Army Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Novitsky, Russian cosmonaut on two separate missions to the International Space Station, 2012-2013 and 2016-2017 with 11 months in orbit; in Chervyen, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union[78]
Died:
Dean Acheson, 78, U.S. Secretary of State from 1949 to 1953 for President Harry Truman[79]
Gene Vincent (Vincent Eugene Craddock), 36, American singer and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee, died of a ruptured stomach ulcer at a hospital in Newhall, California, after taking ill while visiting his father in the town of Saugus.[80]
October 13, 1971 (Wednesday)
For the first time since baseball's World Series had been inaugurated in 1903, one of the best-4-of-seven games was scheduled at night rather than in the afternoon, so that it could be seen in the evening across the United States.[81] While the first three games of the 1971 World Series between the Baltimore Orioles and the Pittsburgh Pirates had started at 1:00 in the afternoon Eastern time (10:00 in the morning Pacific time), Game 4 began at 8:15 in the evening for telecast by the NBC network. Pittsburgh won, 4 to 3, to even the series at two wins for both teams. The remaining three games took place in the afternoon.[82]
The Hague Hijacking Convention (officially, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft), signed in the Netherlands on December 16, 1970, went into effect after being ratified by 10 of the 75 signatory nations.[83]
Died:Abdul Monem Khan, 72, the longest-serving governor of East Pakistan (1962 to 1969) before the province separated from the rest of Pakistan to form the nation of Bangladesh, died the day after he was shot by a Bangladesh nationalist.[86]
October 15, 1971 (Friday)
The 2,500 Year Celebration of Iran began, celebrating the birth of Persia with the most expensive party in history.[87] Prominent guests, including world leaders, were invited by the Shah of Iran to a lavish banquet at the "tent city" set up near the ruins of the ancient Persian capital of Persepolis (near modern-day Marvdasht), funded from the national treasury even though 90 percent of the 28 million citizens lived in poverty.[88]
The Rock 'n Roll Revival was staged by promoter Richard Nader at Madison Square Garden in New York City to feature hit singers from the 1950s, including Rick Nelson, hired to sing their best-known songs. Nelson was booed by the audience when he sang new material, and turned the experience of the evening into a 1972 hit song, "Garden Party", with the memorable chorus "But it's all right now, I learned my lesson well; You see, you can't please everyone, so... you gotta please yourself."[89]
"Midnight Madness", a tradition unique to U.S. college basketball, was initiated by University of Maryland head coach Charles "Lefty" Driesell. At the time, the NCAA did not allow college teams to begin practice earlier than October 15, so Driesell scheduled an event for the public to see the Maryland Terrapins begin practicing in the first minutes of 15 October, starting at 12:03 a.m.[90] The concept would later be adopted by additional colleges as a fun way to unveil the new season every year.[91]
A 5.5 magnitude earthquake killed at least 40 people in the Aymaraes Province of Peru, reportedly destroying six villages in landslides from the Andes Mountains.[92]
Born: Niko Kovač, Croatian soccer football midfielder and manager with 83 appearances for the Croatia national team, later manager of the Croatia team, as well as the Bundesliga teams Eintracht Frankfurt and Bayern Munich; in Wedding, West Berlin.
All ten people aboard a Cessna 402 plane, operated by Scenic Airways, were killed in a crash during an attempted sightseeing tour that had taken off from North Las Vegas, Nevada, on an aerial tour of the Grand Canyon in Arizona.[95]
Art Arfons, an American racer who broke the world land speed record on three occasions in his turbojet-powered automobile, the Green Monster, accidentally killed three people in an accident at the Dallas International Motor Speedway. Arfons lost control of his vehicle. Though he survived, his passenger, WFAA TV reporter Gene Thomas, was killed, in addition to two employees of the International Hot Rod Association (IHRA), Robert Kelsey and Sean Pence.[96]
Lon Nol, Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic (formerly Cambodia), issued a decree removing the powers of the national parliament as part of fighting the ongoing war against the communist Khmer Rouge. Four days later, Lon asked rhetorically in a national radio address "Should we vainly play the game of democracy and freedom which will lead us to complete defeat— or should we curtail anarchical freedom in order to achieve victory?"[97]
Died:
Robin Boyd, 52, Australian architect, of a post-operative stroke[98]
In New York City, the Knapp Commission began public hearings on police corruption.[104][105][106]
Soviet Union Premier Alexei Kosygin was mugged while visiting Ottawa as the guest of Canada's Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Geza Matrai, an unarmed Hungarian immigrant and resident of Toronto, broke through a ring of Soviet and Canadian security guards, shouted "Freedom for Hungary!", and tried to wrestle Kosygin to the ground before he was stopped.[107]
October 19, 1971 (Tuesday)
The U.S. Senate voted unanimously, 84 to 0, to make it more difficult for states to call for a second constitutional convention, one of the two provisions under Article V of the United States Constitution for rewriting the 1787 document. For the first 186 years of the U.S. Constitution's existence, any decisions made at such a convention required just a simple majority of the delegates, with no limit as to what could be one. A 45 to 39 vote of the Senate increased the requirement to at least two-thirds of the delegates at the convention, and the Senate approved the resolution in its entirety. In addition, the new rule required that delegates could only vote on matters specifically referred to in calls for a convention approved by two-thirds of the state legislatures. By July 1969, 33 of the 50 states, one short of the required 34, had passed a variety of resolutions calling for a convention. The Senate bill effectively made the resolutions ineffective.[108]
All 15 of the elderly residents of the Geiger Nursing Home near Honesdale, Pennsylvania, died in a fire.[109] After an investigation of nearly six years, the county coroner would conclude that one of the residents who died in the blaze had deliberately set the fire.[110]
U.S. Vice President Spiro T. Agnew, making a controversial trip to Greece on behalf of the United States, was welcomed at the Greek village of Gargalianoi, from which his father Theophrastos Anagnostopoulos had emigrated in 1897.[111]
Shtjefën Kurti, 72, Albanian Roman Catholic priest, executed by a firing squad in Albania, which had proclaimed itself "the world's first atheist nation"; Kurti had been convicted of administering religious sacraments for the baptism of a child.[113] News of the execution would not reach the West until 1973, when the RAI television network in Italy announced it.[114]
Raymond Hatton, 84, prolific American vaudeville stage, film and TV actor who appeared in almost 500 films[120]
October 22, 1971 (Friday)
Music from Scott Joplin's rediscovered opera Treemonisha was performed for the first time in more than 55 years, in a concert in the auditorium at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, with musicians William Bolcom, Mary Lou Williams and Joshua Rifkin supplying Joplin's score for the operatic singers; a full performance would be made at the Lincoln Center on January 28, 1972.[121]
Typhoon Hester, the worst natural disaster to strike Vietnam during the Vietnam War, swept over the five northernmost provinces of South Vietnam, along with southern provinces of North Vietnam and the DMZ.[122] At least 85 people in South Vietnam and an indeterminate number in North Vietnam were killed directly by the storm[123] and 33 were killed in the crash of a South Vietnamese Air Force transport flying through the heavy weather.[124]
Partick Thistle defeated Celtic F.C. of Glasgow, 4 to 1 in a major upset to win the Scottish League Cup in soccer football. Not only had Celtic finished in first place in the 1970-71 season to win the Scottish League Division One championship with a record of 25 wins, 6 draws and 3 losses, but Thistle was also new to Division One, having been promoted by finishing in first place in the 1970-71 Division Two play. A crowd of 62,470 had turned out at Hampden Park and saw that team "who have no chance" take a 4 to 0 lead in the first 37 minutes of play.[125]
Died:Ion Rîmaru, 25, Romanian serial killer known as "The Vampire of Bucharest" (vampirul din București) for his brutal rapes and assaults of 14 women (four of them fatal), was executed by a firing squad at Jilava Prison.[126]
October 24, 1971 (Sunday)
The first unofficial world anthem, "United Nations Hymn", made its debut at the celebration of the 26th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Created at the request of UN Secretary General U Thant, with spoken words by poet W. H. Auden and orchestral music by Pablo Casals rather than an attempt to synchronize lyrics with a melody, the work was created for the occasion, and there has been no effort to create an official song for the UN.[127]
Chuck Hughes, 28, American pro football wide receiver and the only NFL player to die on the field during a game.[128] Shortly before suffering a heart attack, Hughes, playing for the Detroit Lions in a game against the visiting Chicago Bears, had gained 32 yards on a pass. He collapsed as he was returning to the huddle with 1:02 left in the game.[129]
Gladys Coates Sanford, 80, New Zealand aviator and volunteer ambulance driver for the NZEF in World War One.[130] A children's book about her, Gladys goes to War, would be published in 2016, 45 years after her death.[131]
Indian Army Major General Sahib Singh Sokhey, 83, Indian biochemist and director of the Haffkine Institute who coordinated nationwide inoculation efforts to stop the spread of plagues within India.[132]
October 25, 1971 (Monday)
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, admitting the People's Republic of China to the United Nations as the recognized representative of the Chinese people, was approved by a required two-thirds majority, with 76 nations in favor, 35 opposed and 17 abstaining.[133] Titled "Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations", Resolution 2758 also made the Republic of China, based primarily on the offshore island of Taiwan, the first (and, thus far, only) nation to be expelled from the UN. The PRC took the place of Taiwan as one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The U.S., Japan, Australia, South Africa, Saudi Arabia and the Republic of China were among the members voting against 2758, while the UK, the USSR, France, India, Canada and Mexico voted in favor.[134] Another resolution that would have required a two-thirds vote to expel Taiwan, failed 55 to 59. With Taiwan's expulsion certain, its representative to the U.N., Liu Chieh, walked out before the vote along with Taiwanese Foreign Minister Chow Shu-kai and the rest of the delegation.[135] Upon departure, Taiwan announced that it would not pay the outstanding $30,200,000 owed to the UN for membership dues.[136]
Pedro Martínez, Dominican-born baseball pitcher and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame; in Manoguayabo, Santo Domingo. Martínez had the best ERA in major league baseball in five different seasons between 1997 and 2003), and the 10th most successful pitcher in MLB history;[138]
A gap in the air defense of the United States was revealed when a Cuban Antonov An-24 airliner landed at the New Orleans international airport after having flown from Havana without being detected.[141] The 19 people on the plane, who flew in without authorization, had chartered the flight to participate in a conference of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists.[142]
A group of homeowners in the U.S. state of Maine voted, 21 to 13, to incorporate their area as the town of Carrabassett Valley, which now has a population of about 800 people.
Gbadebo II, Nigerian Yoruba monarch as the Alake of Egbaland since 1963
October 27, 1971 (Wednesday)
The Democratic Republic of the Congo was renamed Zaire, as the first step of President Joseph Mobutu's authenticité program of replacing French personal names with African names.[144] Formerly the Belgian Congo, the nation became independent as the Republic of the Congo in 1960 at the same time that the former French Congo became independent at the same time, and had been unofficially called "Congo-Léopoldville" to distinguish it from the former French Congo (unofficially Congo-Brazzaville). The Zaire name would last for almost 26 years before the nation's restoration to the Democratic Republic of the Congo name after Mobutu's overthrow on May 16, 1997.[145]
The first round of parliamentary elections took place in Egypt as 1,661 candidates vied for the 350 elected seats in the 360-seat People's Assembly, and 209 candidates won a majority. In races for the other 141 seats, a November 3 runoff election was held between the two highest vote getters.[146]
The leaders of France and the Soviet Union signed a 10-year trade agreement in Paris, where Soviet Communist Party leader Leonid Brezhnev was being hosted on a state visit by French President Georges Pompidou.[147]
Dr. Gerard Newe became the first Roman Catholic member of the government of predominantly-Protestant Northern Ireland in the province's history, agreeing to become the Minister of State in the office of Prime Minister Brian Faulkner.[148]
Ahmed Timol, 29, South African Communist Party activist, died in police custody in Johannesburg five days after being arrested, after falling from a window on the tenth floor of the Johannesburg Central Police Station. A police investigation would rule that Timol had committed suicide; in 2017, the post-Apartheid South African government concluded that Timol had been murdered by three officers at the station, two of whom passed away before 2017. A third was charged with murder but died in 2021 before he could be tried.[150]
The United Kingdom became the sixth nation to launch a satellite into orbit. Prospero X-3 was sent aloft from the Royal Australian Air Force base at Woomera, South Australia, using a Black Arrow carrier rocket at 5:00 a.m. local time (1930 UTC on 27 October).[152]
In advance of the October 31 inauguration of President Nguyen Van Thieu to a second term, the government of South Vietnam announced that it would release 2,938 Viet Cong prisoners, all South Vietnamese rebels who had joined the Communist Party, from detention camps. The first 618 were released later in the week and 2,320 others were required to go through rehabilitation.[154] The release, the largest amnesty of the war, began on October 31.[155]
Ma Huateng, Chinese business magnate and, at one time, the wealthiest person in the People's Republic of China as the co-founder of the internet firm Tencent; in Dongfang, Hainan;[160]
Died:
Duane Allman, 24, American rock musician and leader of the Allman Brothers Band, was killed in a motorcycle accident in his hometown of Macon, Georgia, after losing control while trying to avoid a collision with a truck that had slowed down in front of him.[161]
Arne Tiselius, 69, Swedish biochemist and 1948 Nobel laureate[162]
The Toronto Telegram daily newspaper, founded on April 18, 1876, published its final issue after more than 95 years of existence.,[165]
Died: Jim Pittman, 46, American college head football coach, suffered a fatal heart attack while coaching the Texas Christian University (TCU) football team at a game against host Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Shortly after kickoff, Pittman collapsed while standing on the sidelines.[166]
The new Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church was selected in random fashion in Egypt to replace Pope Cyril VI, who had died on March 9. Nazir Gayed Roufail, Bishop Anba Shenouda of Abnub, was picked as the 117th Pope at the Cathedral of St. Mark in Cairo, two days after Coptic clergymen had voted to place the names of three candidates— Bishop Shenouda, Bishop Samuel and the Reverend Timotheus El Makary— into a silver box. A six-year-old boy, Ayman Munir Kamel, was then blindfolded and made the pick in order to fulfill the requirement that the choice represent "the will of God".[168] On November 15, he was consecrated as Pope Shenouda III.
A bomb caused severe damage to the Post Office Tower in London, at the time the tallest building in the UK at 620 feet (190 m).[169][170] A caller claiming to represent "the Kilburn battalion of the I.R.A." took credit, Kilburn being a suburb of northwest London with a large Irish population.[171]
Nguyen Van Thieu was sworn in to a new four-year term as President of South Vietnam amid heavy security in Saigon after an October 3 election in which he was the only candidate.[172] Thieu would serve less than 3+1⁄2 years of his term, fleeing the country on April 21, 1975, in the face of the invasion of Saigon by North Vietnamese troops.
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^"Bible Broadcasting Network History"
^"Hungry crowd finds a 'Darling' in defense", by Bob Hammel, October 3, 1971, p. 25
^"Poff Withdraws His Name As Potential Court Choice— Acts to Avoid Battle in Senate on Confirmation", The New York Times, October 3, 1971, p. 1
^"Tiffany: The $5-Million Star of Stage and Court", Los Angeles Times, June 12, 1988
^"Obituary: Dr Marie V. Lebour", Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 52:777-788 (1972)
^"Half-Hidden Histories: Marie Lebour"
^"Adm. R. H. Jackson Dies at 105; Was Commander of Battle Fleet", The New York Times, October 4, 1971, p. 1
^"Probers Check BEA Wreckage In Belgian Field", Albuquerque (NM) Journal, October 4, 1971, p. 7
^"Francois Cevert Wins Grand Prix, His First", by Bloys Britt, Sacramento (CA) Bee, October 4, 1971, p. B6
^Tomás Ó Canainn, Seán Ó Riada: His Life and Work (Collins Press, 2003)
^"The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine", by Tu Youyou, in Nature, October 11, 2011, pp. 1217–1220
^"Tu Youyou Facts", NobelPrize.org
^"Sadat Named Chief of Arab Federation", The New York Times, October 5, 1971, p. 15
^"This Week in Nova Scotia History October 1 – 7", by Leo Deveau, Halifax (NS) Chronicle Herald, September 29, 2018
^"Nova Scotia still waiting for big petroleum payoff", by Kevin Cox, Toronto Globe and Mail, October 11, 2001
^"Hijacker Kills Wife, Pilot and Himself", The New York Times, October 5, 1971, p. 20
^"A Nashville hijacking 38 years ago set the standard on how not to handle hostage negotiations", by Brantley Hargrove, Nashville Scene, August 27, 2009
^"Court Blames F.B.I. In Plane Hijacking; Awards $388,530", The New York Times, August 9, 1975, p. 9
^"Alberto Fermín Zubiría", MEMIM Encyclopedia
^Carroll, John (1891–1971)", by Rex Clark, in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, (Melbourne University Press, 1979)
^"Gen. Cota Dies at 78, War 2 Invasion Hero", Philadelphia Inquirer, October 6, 1971, p. 38
^ a b"Marilia meteorite, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil", MinDat.org website
^"Orioles Win, 5-3, and Capture Pennant", by Joseph Durso, The New York Times, October 6, 1971, p. 57
^"NBA Champs (Bucks) Test ABA Champs (Stars)", Salt Lake (UT) Tribune, October 5, 1971, p. 16
^"Cream-of-the-Crop Kareem Leaves Utah Starry-Eyed", by Steve Rudman, Salt Lake (UT) Tribune, October 5, 1971, p. 26
^"Fiocco, Giuseppe", by Stefano Coltellacci, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Istituto Treccani, 1997)
^"Missing British Agent Turns Up— as Skeleton", Los Angeles Times, June 26, 1974, p.I-6
^"Skeleton of former spy chief found at home", Birmingham (England) Post, June 26, 1974, p.1
^The Vietnam War: The Definitive Illustrated History (Smithsonian DK, 2017) p.233
^"Rep. Fulton Dies At 68 Of Apparent Heart Attack", East Liverpool (O.) Evening Review, October 7, 1971, p. 1
^Athenia Liu, Family Law for the Hong Kong SAR (Hong Kong University Press, 1999) p. 28
^"Ethnic groups win Ottawa's recognition", Montreal Gazette, October 9, 1971, p. 1
^"Multicultural Canada PM's Goal", Edmonton Journal, October 8, 1971, p. 1
^"18 Britons Expelled in Kremlin Reprisal", by Harry Trimborn, Los Angeles Times, October 9, 1971, p. 3
^"No. 2 Man in China Still Unaccounted For", Los Angeles Times, October 9, 1971, p. 2
^"Argentine Rebels Yield Without a Shot Fired", Los Angeles Times, October 10, 1971, p. 8
^"Freed POW Dreams of Christmas Dinner", Chicago Tribune, October 9, 1971, p. 1
^"Upstairs, Downstairs on television", by Peter Fiddick, The Guardian (London), October 11, 1971, p. 8
^"The Week's TV Briefing", by Judith Bull, The Observer (London), October 10, 1971, p. 27
^Aviation Safety Network
^ a b"9 dancers killed in plane crash", Minneapolis Star, October 11, 1971, p. 4
^"Socialists Narrowly Gain Majority in Austria Vote", The New York Times, October 11, 1971, p. 1
^Lake Havasu City website
^"London Bridge Is Rebuilt In Arizona Desert Town", AP report in Fort Myers (FL) News-Press, October 11, 1971, p. 1
^"Jewgenij Kissin", Munzinger.de
^"Salyut 1", NASA.gov
^"About the UW System", Wisconsin.edu
^Barry Miles and Keith Badman, eds., The Beatles Diary After the Break-Up: 1970–2001, (Music Sales Group, 2001)
^Internet Movie Database
^"Rudolf Wittkower, Art Expert Who Taught at Columbia, Dies", The New York Times, October 12, 1971, p. 47
^Emmanuel Franco Calairo, Cavite's Turning Point Political Will and Development at the Turn of the Century, 1979-1995 (University of Michigan, 2006) p. 115
^"Yahya to Call Assembly", by Malcolm W. Browne, The New York Times, October 13, 1971, p. 1
^John Snelson, Andrew Lloyd Webber (Yale University Press, 2009) p. 7
^Charlotte Curtis, "First Party of Iran's 2,500-Year Celebration", The New York Times, October 13, 1971, p. 3
^"Watson Convicted Of Tate Murders; Faces Sanity Trial", The New York Times, October 13, 1971, p. 17
^"Equal Rights Amendment Passed by House, 354-23", by Eileen Shanahan, The New York Times, October 13, 1971, p. 1
^"Nimeiry Is Sworn In Sudan As First Elected President", The New York Times, October 13, 1971, p. 4
^"Novitsky, Oleg Viktorovich", Biographies of USSR / Russian Cosmonauts, Spacefacts.de
^"Dean Acheson Dies on His Farm at 78", The New York Times, October 13, 1971, p. 1
^Tobler, John (1992)."Gene Vincent, Rock Star Of 50s, Dies At Age 36", AP report in Newport News (VA) Daily Press, October 14, 1971
^"It's 'Lights On' Again for Pirates— Battle Orioles in 1st World Series Night Game", Philadelphia Daily News, October 13, 1971
^"Pirates Beat Birds in First Series Night Game", Hartford (CT) Courant, October 14, 1971, p. 57
^"Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft", UN Treaty Series
^"Politburo Clears Soviet Five-Year Plan", The New York Times, October 18, 1971, p. 4
^Raymond L. Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan (Brookings Institution Press, 1994) p. 613
^"Ex-Governor Slain In Dacca", Baltimore Evening Sun, October 14, 1971, p. 2
^"2,500 years of history parade at Iran's fete", Boston Globe, October 16, 1971, p. 2
^"Mrs. Marcos Is First Guest at Iran Fete", by Charlotte Curtis, The New York Times, October 14, 1971, p. 12
^"October 15, 1971: Rick Nelson Gets Booed At The Garden Party", Music History Calendar
^"Basketball at 12:03 A.M.", in "Sports Mail" column, by Don Hager, Charleston (WV) Daily Mail, October 15, 1971, p. 10
^"No 'Midnight Madness' for UCLA, USC basketball teams", by Diane Pucin, Los Angeles Times, October 17, 2008
^"40 Are Reported Killed By Earthquake in Peru", The New York Times, October 19, 1971, p. 12
^"Hill, William (1903–1971)", by C. R. Hill, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
^"William Hill dies at 68" The Guardian (London), October 16, 1971, p. 18
^"Air crash kills 10 near canyon", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), October 18, 1971, p. 1
^"Racer Crashes at 286 m.p.h.; TV Newsman, 2 Others Die", by John Makeig, Fort Worth (TX) Star-Telegram, October 17, 1971, p. 1
^"Lon Nol Ends Cambo Democracy", Daily News (New York), October 21, 1971, p. 6
^Geoffrey Serle, Robin Boyd: A Life (Melbourne University Press, 1995)
^"Crash Kills James E. Allen Jr. and Wife", The New York Times, October 19, 1971, p. 1
^"Pirates Triumph Over Orioles, 2-1; Win World Series", The New York Times, October 18, 1971, p. 1
^Aviation Safety Network
^"The short, short life of Disney World's STOLport", by Jim Hill
^"N. C. Crash Kills Famed Stunt Pilot", Charlotte (NC) News, October 18, 1971, p. 1
^"Knapp Unit Tells of Police Bribery as Hearings Open", by David Burnham, The New York Times, October 18, 1971, p. 1
^"Knapp Bars Livid Color Bribe", Daily News (New York), October 19, 1971, p. 3
^"Hear Cop Bid to Fix Arrests", Chicago Tribune, October 19, 1971, p. 1
^"Hungarian Emigre Attacks Kosygin", Los Angeles Times, October 19, 1971, p. 1
^"Senate Votes to Make Amending Of Constitution More Difficult", by Warren Weaver Jr., The New York Times, October 20, 1971, p. 1
^"Nursing Home Blaze Kills All 15 Patients", The New York Times, October 20, 1971, p. 1
^"Geiger Nursing Home Fire Suits Settle for $50G's in 12 Deaths", Scranton (PA) Tribune, September 12, 1977, p. 3
^"Greek Town Welcomes Agnew", by Peter Grose, The New York Times, October 20, 1971, p. 2
^"Brandt Wins Nobel Prize For His Efforts for Peace", The New York Times, October 21, 1971, p. 1
^"Blessed Shtjefën Kurti", CatholicSaints.Info
^Miranda Vickers, The Albanians: A Modern History (I.B.Tauris, 2011) p. 195
^"The day 22 died as explosion blasted shopping centre", Glasgow Herald, October 18, 2002
^"Nixon Names 2 to Supreme Court: Lewis Powell, a Virginia Lawyer; William Rehnquist, a Justice Aide", The New York Times, October 22, 1971, p. 1
^"Neruda, Chilean Poet-Politician, Wins Nobel Prize in Literature", by John L. Hess, The New York Times, October 22, 1971, p. 1
^"My Secret Life: Jade Jagger, designer, 37", The Independent (London), October 11, 2011
^"New Emir of Riyadh a decorated military officer", Saudi Gazette, February 14, 2013
^"Raymond Hatton, Actor, Dead; In First Hollywood Feature Film", The New York Times, October 23, 1971, p. 36
^Nancy R. Ping-Robbins, Scott Joplin: A Guide to Research (Garland, 1998), p. 289
^"Typhoon Kills 36 in South Vietnam", The New York Times, October 25, 1971, p. 7
^"Typhoon Hester", Annual Typhoon Report 1971] (Fleet Weather Central, 1972) pp. 5-157 to 5-163
^"Viet Storm Aid Rushed", AP report in Spokane (WA) Daily Chronicle, October 25, 1971, p. 1
^"The day Hansen and Thistle were a thorn in Celtic's side", by Robert Philip, The Daily Telegraph (London), October 26, 2006
^Mike Phillips and Stejărel Olaru, Rîmaru: Butcher of Bucharest (Profusion Crime Series, 2012)
^"Auden and Casals Writing ‘Hymn’ to Peace for U.N.", by Henry Raymont, The New York Times, August 26, 1971, p. 1
^"Detroit Lions Player Dies After Collapsing on Field", The New York Times, October 25, 1971, p. 1
^"Chuck Hughes Tragic Death Stuns Lions Players, Fans", AP report in Sarasota (FL) Journal, October 25, 1971, p. 13
^"Sanford, Gladys (1891—1971)", by Carol J. Baxter, Australian Dictionary of Biography (Australian National University, 2002)
^"Gladys – WWI ambulance driver and bestseller", Massey University, April 7, 2016
^"Sahib Singh Sokhey (1887-1971): An Eminent Medico-Pharmaceutical Professional", by Harkishan Singh, Indian Journal of History of Science (June 2016)
^"U.N. Seats Peking and Expels Taipei", The New York Times, October 26, 1971, p. 1
^"U.N. Roll-Calls on China", The New York Times, October 26, 1971, p. 1
^"Chow Says Peking Will Subvert U.N.", The New York Times, October 26, 1971, p. 1
^"Taipei Leaves U.N. a $30-Million Debt", The New York Times, October 28, 1971, p. 14
^Irene Earls, Young Musicians in World History (Greenwood Press, 2002) p. 93
^"Pedro Martínez Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More". Baseball Reference.
^"Athena Chu, 48 still looks the same as she did in 1995", Lyida Koh, The Independent (Singapore) September 21, 2020
^W. Gerald Hamonic, Terrytoons: The Story of Paul Terry and His Classic Cartoon Factory, John Libbey Publishing Ltd., 2018)
^"The Gaps in Our Defense", by Claude Witze, Air Force magazine (March 1972), pp. 33-39, 66.
^"19 Cubans Fly in for Sugar Talks Despite U.S. Ban", The New York Times, October 27, 1971, p. 1
^"Fischer Beats Petrosian to Gain Right to Play Spassky for Title", The New York Times, October 27, 1971, p. 1
^"Congo Changes Name To the Zaire Republic", The New York Times, October 28, 1971, p.2
^Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ed. by Emizet Francois Kisangani and Scott F. Bobb (Scarecrow Press, 2010) p. i
^"Arab Republic of Egypt 1971 election, International Parliamentary Union (IPU)
^"French and Russians Sign 10-Year Trade Agreement", by Henry Giniger, The New York Times, October 28, 1971, p. 1
^"A Catholic Joins Ulster Cabinet— He Is First to Be Appointed in History of Province", The New York Times, October 28, 1971, p. 9
^"Herbert Sutcliffe", by Hilary Stace, in Dictionary of New Zealand Biography ( Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2000)
^"Ahmed Timol", South African History Online
^"Commons Votes, 356 to 244, for Britain's Membership in the European Market", by Anthony Lewis, The New York Times, October 29, 1971, p. 1
^"Success for British rocket", by David Fairhall, The Guardian (London), October 29, 1971, p. 24
^"Century-Old Cairo Opera House Burns", Indianapolis Star, October 29, 1971, p. 1
^"Amnesty Granted to 3,000 Vietcong", by Alvin Shuster, The New York Times, October 28, 1971, p. 1
^"Saigon Begins the Release of 2,938 Enemy P.O.W.'s", by Iver Peterson, The New York Times, November 1, 1971, p. 1
^"Tidal Wave Kills 15,000", Honolulu Star-Bulletin, November 1, 1971, p. 1
^"WIND, GIANT WAVE KILL THOUSANDS— Million Left Homeless on India Coast", Los Angeles Times, November 1, 1971, p. 1
^Valerie Menard (October 2000). Winona Ryder. M. Lane. ISBN 978-1-58415-039-8.
^"Matthew Hayden", in QueenslandCricket.com
^"Ma Huateng : The Wealthiest Man in China & Co-founder of Tencent", by Harshal Pawar, YourTechStory, September 20, 2018
^"Guitarist Duane Allman Dies In Georgia Cycle Accident", Miami Herald, October 31, 1971, p. 12-C
^"Deaths: Dr. Arne Tiselius, 69, Won Nobel in Chemistry", Miami Herald, October 30, 1971, p. 6-B
^"Sliding Mud Kills 45 at Romanian Coal Mining Site", Los Angeles Times, October 31, 1971, p. 1
^"At Least 22 Killed In Hong Kong Blaze", AP report in Charleston (WV) Daily Mail, October 30, 1971, p. 1
^"Toronto Telegram 1876-1971", Ottawa Citizen, October 30, 1971, p. 1
^"Cardiac Attack Kills TCU Coach— Pittman Falls, Dies at Baylor", Fort Worth (TX) Star-Telegram, October 31, 1971, p. 1
^"3 Swiss Women Win Seats in Parliament", Los Angeles Times, November 1, 1971, p. 5
^"Leader Is Chosen by Coptic Church— Blindfolded Boy Pulls Name of Bishop From Box", by Raymond H. Anderson, The New York Times, November 1, 1971, p. 13
^"Blast Rips Post Office Tower, The Tallest Building in London", The New York Times, October 31, 1971, p. 1
^"Yard checks on IRA after PO tower blast", The Guardian (London), November 1, 1971, p. 1
^"Blast in Tallest British Building Is Laid to I.R.A. Unit by Caller", The New York Times, November 1, 1971, p. 16
^"Thieu Sworn In Under Heavy Guard; Vows Peace, Prosperity", by George McArthur, Los Angeles Times, October 31, 1971, p. 1
