stringtranslate.com

Evolución territorial de los Estados Unidos

Mapa animado de la evolución territorial de Estados Unidos ( haga clic para ver la imagen en tamaño completo )
Mapa de la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos que muestra las adquisiciones territoriales, 2007
Después de la derrota de Japón en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las Islas Marianas del Norte , gobernadas por Japón, quedaron bajo el control de los Estados Unidos. [1]

Los Estados Unidos de América se formaron después de que trece colonias británicas en América del Norte declararan su independencia del Imperio Británico el 4 de julio de 1776. En la Resolución Lee , aprobada por el Segundo Congreso Continental dos días antes, las colonias resolvieron que eran estados libres e independientes. La unión se formalizó en los Artículos de la Confederación , que entraron en vigor el 1 de marzo de 1781, después de ser ratificados por los 13 estados. Su independencia fue reconocida por Gran Bretaña en el Tratado de París de 1783, que concluyó la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos . Esto efectivamente duplicó el tamaño de las colonias, ahora capaces de extenderse hacia el oeste más allá de la Línea de Proclamación hasta el río Misisipi . Esta tierra se organizó en territorios y luego en estados, aunque siguió habiendo algún conflicto con las concesiones de mar a mar reclamadas por algunas de las colonias originales. Con el tiempo, estas concesiones fueron cedidas al gobierno federal.

La primera gran expansión del país llegó con la Compra de Luisiana de 1803, que duplicó el territorio del país, aunque la frontera sureste con la Florida española fue objeto de mucha disputa hasta que ésta y las reclamaciones españolas sobre el Territorio de Oregón fueron cedidas a los EE. UU. en 1821. El Territorio de Oregón dio a los Estados Unidos acceso al Océano Pacífico , aunque fue compartido por un tiempo con el Reino Unido . [2] La anexión de la República de Texas en 1845 condujo directamente a la Guerra México-Estadounidense , después de la cual los victoriosos Estados Unidos obtuvieron la mitad norte del territorio de México , incluido lo que rápidamente se convirtió en el estado de California . [3]

Sin embargo, a medida que el desarrollo del país se desplazaba hacia el oeste, la cuestión de la esclavitud adquirió mayor importancia, con un intenso debate sobre si los nuevos territorios permitirían la esclavitud y acontecimientos como el Compromiso de Misuri y el Kansas sangrante . Esto llegó a un punto crítico en 1860 y 1861, cuando los gobiernos de los estados del sur proclamaron su secesión del país y formaron los Estados Confederados de América . La Guerra Civil estadounidense condujo a la derrota de la Confederación en 1865 y a la eventual readmisión de los estados en el Congreso de los Estados Unidos . El esfuerzo cultural y la búsqueda del destino manifiesto proporcionaron un fuerte impulso a la expansión hacia el oeste en el siglo XIX.

Estados Unidos comenzó a expandirse más allá de América del Norte en 1856 con la aprobación de la Ley de las Islas Guano , lo que provocó que muchas islas pequeñas y deshabitadas, pero económicamente importantes, en el mar Caribe y el océano Pacífico fueran reclamadas. [4] La mayoría de estas reclamaciones fueron finalmente abandonadas, en gran parte debido a las reclamaciones competitivas de otros países. La expansión del Pacífico culminó con la anexión de Hawái en 1898, después del derrocamiento de su gobierno cinco años antes. Alaska , la última adquisición importante en América del Norte, fue comprada a Rusia en 1867. El apoyo a la independencia de Cuba del Imperio español y el hundimiento del USS Maine llevaron a la Guerra Hispano-Estadounidense en 1898, en la que Estados Unidos ganó Puerto Rico , Guam y las Filipinas , y ocupó Cuba durante varios años. Samoa Americana fue adquirida por Estados Unidos en 1900 después del final de la Segunda Guerra Civil Samoana . [5] Estados Unidos compró las Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos a Dinamarca en 1917. [6] Puerto Rico y Guam siguen siendo territorios, y Filipinas se independizó en 1946, después de ser un importante teatro de operaciones de la Segunda Guerra Mundial .

Después de la guerra, muchas islas fueron confiadas a los EE. UU. por las Naciones Unidas , [7] y mientras que las Islas Marianas del Norte se convirtieron en territorio estadounidense, las Islas Marshall , los Estados Federados de Micronesia y Palau emergieron del territorio en fideicomiso como naciones independientes. El último cambio internacional importante fue la adquisición en 1904, y la devolución a Panamá en 1979, de la Zona del Canal de Panamá , un territorio estadounidense no incorporado que controlaba el Canal de Panamá . La cesión final del control formal sobre la región se realizó a Panamá en 1999.

Los estados generalmente han conservado sus fronteras iniciales una vez establecidos. Solo tres estados ( Kentucky , Maine y Virginia Occidental ) se han creado directamente a partir de área perteneciente a otro estado (aunque en el momento de la admisión, Vermont aceptó un pago monetario para que Nueva York renunciara a su reclamo); todos los demás estados se crearon a partir de territorios federales o de adquisiciones. Cuatro estados ( Luisiana , Misuri , Nevada y Pensilvania ) se han expandido sustancialmente al adquirir territorio federal adicional después de su admisión inicial a la Unión . En 1912, Arizona fue el último estado establecido en los Estados Unidos contiguos , comúnmente llamados los "48 inferiores". En 1959, Hawái fue el quincuagésimo y más reciente estado admitido.

Leyenda para mapas

Clave para los colores del mapa
  Estados de los Estados Unidos (mapas nacionales), área no disputada de los Estados Unidos (mapas en disputa)
  Territorios de los Estados Unidos (mapas nacionales)
  zona en disputa de Estados Unidos
  área cambiada por evento

1776–1784 (Revolución estadounidense)

1784–1803 (Organización del territorio)

1803–1818 (Compra de Luisiana)

1819–1845 (expansión al noroeste)

1845–1860 (expansión al suroeste)

1860–1865 (Guerra Civil)

1866–1897 (Reconstrucción y estadidad occidental)

1898–1945 (Expansión al Pacífico y al Caribe)

1946-presente (Descolonización)

Bancos along the Rio Grande

An example of a banco, created when a meander is cut off by a new, shorter channel, leaving a cut-off section of land surrounded by a U-shaped (oxbow) lake

The Banco Convention of 1905 between the United States and Mexico allowed, in the event of sudden changes in the course of the Rio Grande (as by flooding), for the border to be altered to follow the new course.[455] The sudden changes often created bancos (land surrounded by bends in the river that became segregated from either country by a cutoff, often due to rapid accretion or avulsion of the alluvial channel), especially in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. When these bancos are created, the International Boundary and Water Commission investigates if land previously belonging to the United States or Mexico is to be considered on the other side of the border.[456] In all cases of these adjustments along the Rio Grande under the 1905 convention, which occurred on 37 different dates from 1910 to 1976, the transferred land was minuscule (ranging from one to 646 acres) and uninhabited.[457][458][459]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maps of the territorial evolution of the United States.

Notes

  1. ^ The borders of the country followed the colonial borders; for simplicity, the maps use the borders defined in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. The only substantive difference between the borders before and after the Treaty of Paris is the southwest border: when Great Britain had ownership over West Florida, they had moved its border north, to a line east from the mouth of the Yazoo River, and that area thus did not belong to Georgia; the treaty granted the area between this and 31° north to the United States.
  2. ^ The New Hampshire towns petitioning to join Vermont were: Apthorp (now Littleton), Bath, Canaan, Cardigan (now Orange), Cornish, Dresden (now part of Hanover), Enfield, Franconia, Gunthwaite (now Lisbon), Haverhill, Landaff, Lebanon, Lyman, Lyme, Orford, and Piermont.[35] The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the common interpretation.
  3. ^ The New Hampshire towns petitioning to join Vermont were: Acworth, Alstead, Bath, Cardigan (now Orange), Charlestown, Chesterfield, Claremont, Cornish, Croydon, Dorchester, Dresden, Franconia, "Gilsom" (likely Gilsum), Grafton, Grantham, Gunthwaite (now Lisbon), Hanover, Haverhill, Hinsdale, Landaff, Lancaster, Lebanon, "Leinster" (possibly Lempster), Lincoln, Lyman, Lyme, Marlow, Newport, Piermont, Plainfield, Richmond, Saville (now Sunapee), Surry, Walpole, and Westmoreland.[41] The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the common interpretation.
  4. ^ The New York towns petitioning to join Vermont were: "Black-Creek" (unknown; possibly is or is near Hebron), Cambridge, Fort Edward, Granville, "Greenfield" (unknown; there is a town named Greenfield but it lies west of the Hudson River, which was explicitly the western extent of the West Union), Hoosick, Kingsbury, "Little Hoosack" (unknown; presumably near Hoosick), Saratoga, "Scorticook" (possibly Schaghticoke), Skeensborough (now Whitehall), and "Upper-White-Creek" (probably White Creek).[42] The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the common interpretation.
  5. ^ The treaty established the boundaries of the new country, from the Bay of Fundy: up the "St. Croix River" (which river this referred to was disputed) to its source; north to the height of the land (the "Northwest Angle of Nova Scotia"); along the height of the land to the "northwesternmost Head" of the Connecticut River (which source this referred to was disputed); down that to 45° north; west to the St. Lawrence River; up that to the Great Lakes, through Lake Ontario, the Niagara River, Lake Erie, the Detroit River, Lake St. Clair, the St. Clair River, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior; to "Long Lake" (which lake this referred to was disputed) towards the Lake of the Woods; to the northwest angle of the Lake of the Woods; then west to the Mississippi River. However, the Lake of the Woods was north of the source of the Mississippi River; maps universally show this undefined border as a straight line, nearly straight south, between the two points. From there, it followed the Mississippi River down to 31° north; east to the Chattahoochee River; down that to the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers; a line from there to the source of the St. Mary's River; then down that to the Atlantic Ocean.[51]
  6. ^ The boundaries of Frankland were never defined; the map uses the common depiction of it.
  7. ^ Massachusetts's ceded claim was a strip of land west of New York and Pennsylvania stretching to the Mississippi River, bounded by the latitudes of Massachusetts Bay Colony's original charter: on the north by a line west from one league north of Lake Winnipesaukee, and on the south by a line west from Massachusetts' southwest corner.[45]
  8. ^ Connecticut's ceded claim was a strip of land west of 120 miles west of Pennsylvania (the western border of its Western Reserve) stretching to the Mississippi River, bounded by 41° north and the southern edge of Massachusetts's western claim, roughly 42°2′ north.[45]
  9. ^ Massachusetts's ceded claim was the portion of New York 82 miles west of where the Delaware River left New York, to an unclear western boundary, with one source saying it was as far as one mile east of the Niagara River.[45]
  10. ^ The new North Carolina–federal border was, from the north, southwest along various ridges of the Great Smoky Mountains; however, issues caused surveyors to eventually run a line roughly due south rather than continue along the ridge.[19]
  11. ^ The new New York–Vermont border was, from the north: Lake Champlain, the Poultney River, then south following borders of townships.[32]
  12. ^ The new Kentucky–Virginia border was, from the south: north along the Cumberland Mountains and Pine Mountain to the Russell Fork; northeast to the Tug Fork; then down that to the Big Sandy River and to the Ohio River.[84]
  13. ^ The new Indiana Territory–Northwest Territory border was, from the south, a line from the mouth of the Kentucky River to Fort Recovery, then north.[97]
  14. ^ The new Georgia–federal border was, from the south, up the Chattahoochee River to its great bend (near West Point), then a line from there towards and past Nickajack. The border's description said it would go until it reached the Tennessee River, and follow that up the river to Tennessee, but the river lay entirely within Tennessee.[12]
  15. ^ There was some question as to whether the purchase also included the basins of the Missouri River and the Red River of the North, but the question was not relevant before the Treaty of 1818 definitively settled the border. Maps universally show the purchase including the Missouri River basin but excluding the Red River basin.[105]
  16. ^ The western border of West Florida was a series of waterways, mainly the Mississippi, Iberville, and Amite Rivers, and Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas.[106]
  17. ^ The new Illinois Territory–Indiana Territory border was, from the south, the Wabash River up to Post Vincennes, then north.[113]
  18. ^ The northwestern remainder of Orleans Territory presumably rejoined Louisiana Territory, as its extent was still vaguely defined.
  19. ^ Indiana was defined as the territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Wabash River, but while the territory's line turned north at Post Vincennes, the state's border continued up the Wabash until it reached the point where a line drawn north from Post Vincennes would last intersect the river as it weaved back and forth. The northern border of the state was a line east from 10 miles north of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, until it reached the meridian that formed Ohio's western border, which was a line drawn north from the mouth of the Great Miami River.[97]
  20. ^ The new Alabama Territory–Mississippi Territory border was, from the north: up the Tennessee River to Bear Creek (around today's Pickwick Lake); a line to the northwestern corner of Washington County, Mississippi Territory; then south.[128]
  21. ^ The new Arkansaw Territory–Missouri Territory border was, from where the Mississippi River meets 36° north: west to the St. Francis River, up that to 36°30′ north, then west.[121]
  22. ^ The new border was, from the Gulf of Mexico: up the Sabine River to 32° north; north to the Red River; up that to 100° west; north to the Arkansas River; up that to its source; north to 42° north; then west to the Pacific Ocean.[106]
  23. ^ The new Missouri–federal border was, from the mouth of the Des Moines River: up the river to a point west of the Des Moines Rapids on the Mississippi River, west to a point north of the mouth of the Kansas River, then south.[121]
  24. ^ The new Arkansas Territory–federal border, from the north, a line from the southwestern corner of Missouri to a point on the Arkansas River "100 paces east" of Fort Smith, as the border of the lands of the Eastern Choctaw, then south.[137] However, the Arkansas Supreme Court determined in 1909 that the "100 paces east" was a clerical error, and that logically it should have said "100 paces west".[150]
  25. ^ The new Michigan Territory–Wisconsin Territory border was, from Lake Superior: up the Montreal River to Lac Vieux Desert; a line to the source of the Menominee River; then down that to Green Bay. However, this definition was impossible: The Montreal River ended long before it reached Lac Vieux Desert. The issue would be resolved in 1850.[111]
  26. ^ The new northeastern border was, from Passamaquoddy Bay: up the St. Croix River to its source; north to the St. John River; up that to the St. Francis River; up that to its source outlet at Lake Pohenegamook; southwest to the northwest branch of the St. John River; a line from there to where the St. John River crosses 46°25’ north; up the river to its source; along the highlands to the source of Halls Stream, then down that to 45° north.[140][15]
  27. ^ The new northern border was, from Lake Superior: up the Pigeon River to the many lakes and rivers of the Boundary Waters, eventually reaching the Rainy River; then down that to the Lake of the Woods.[170]
  28. ^ The new Wisconsin–Wisconsin Territory border was, from Lake Superior: up the St. Louis River to its first rapids; south to the St. Croix River; then down that to the Mississippi River.[158]
  29. ^ The new international border was, from the Rio Grande: along the southern and western border of New Mexico until it meets the Gila River; down that to the Colorado River; then a line to a point one league south of the port of San Diego. However, the southern border of New Mexico was in question, with the US claim being 31°52′ north, and the Mexican claim being 32°22′ north.[188]
  30. ^ The new California–federal border was, from the north: south along 120° west to 39° north; a line to where the Colorado River intersects 35° north; then down the Colorado River.[3]
  31. ^ The new Texas–federal border was, from the south: up the Rio Grande to 32° north; east to 103° west; north to 36°30′ north; then east.[175]
  32. ^ The borders of New Mexico Territory were, from where its border with Texas ended at 36°30′ north and 103° west: north to 38° north; west to the summit of the San Juan Mountains (called then the Sierra Madre); south along the ridge to 37° north; then west.[204]
  33. ^ The new international border was, starting from where the Rio Grande crosses 31°47′ north: west 100 miles; south to 31°20′ north; west to 111° west; a line to a point on the Colorado River 20 miles below the mouth of the Gila River; then up the Colorado River.[213]
  34. ^ The new Minnesota–federal border was, from the north: up the Red River to the Bois de Sioux River; up that to Lake Traverse and its southern tip; a line to Big Stone Lake and through that to its southern tip; then south.[170]
  35. ^ The new Oregon–Washington Territory border was, from the north, up the Snake River to the mouth of the Owyhee River, then south.[191]
  36. ^ The claimed borders of Jefferson Territory were between 37° north, 43° north, 102° west, and 110° west.[225]
  37. ^ The borders of Colorado Territory were parallels 37° north and 41° north, and Washington meridians 25° west and 32° west.[231]
  38. ^ The new Nebraska Territory–Dakota Territory border was, from the east: up the Missouri River to the Niobrara River; up that to the Keya Paha River; up that to 43° north; then west.[211]
  39. ^ The decree transferred land from the left bank of the Blackstone River to Rhode Island, including what is now East Providence, in exchange land around Fall River being transferred to Massachusetts.[14]
  40. ^ The Virginia counties that became West Virginia were: Barbour, Boone, Braxton, Brooke, Cabell, Calhoun, Clay, Doddridge, Fayette, Gilmer, Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hancock, Hardy, Harrison, Jackson, Kanawha, Lewis, Logan, McDowell, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Mercer, Monongalia, Monroe, Morgan, Nicholas, Ohio, Pendleton, Pleasants, Pocahontas, Preston, Putnam, Raleigh, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, Tyler, Upshur, Wayne, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, Wood, and Wyoming.[260]
  41. ^ The new Idaho Territory–Montana Territory border was, from the north: south along 39° west from Washington to the crest of the Bitterroot Range and the Rocky Mountains; along that to 44°30′ north; east to 34° west from Washington; north to 45° north; then east.[264]
  42. ^ The new Dakota Territory–Idaho Territory border was, from the south: north along 33° west from Washington to the crest of the Rocky Mountains, then northwest along that to the new tripoint with Montana Territory.[235]
  43. ^ The borders of the Department of Alaska were, from the Dixon Entrance: Up the Portland Channel to 56° north; then along the "summit of the mountains situated parallel to the coast" (the definition of which was disputed) to 141° west; then north.[275]
  44. ^ The borders of Wyoming Territory were parallels 41° north and 45° north, and Washington meridians 27° west and 34° west.[284]
  45. ^ The new Oklahoma Territory–federal border was, from where the Red River meets 98° west: north to the Canadian River; down that to Seminole land; north along that border to the North Canadian River; down that to Creek land; north and east along that border to 96° west; then north. This omits the Cherokee Outlet, whose complex borders separated the main portion of Oklahoma Territory from the former Public Land Strip.[308]

References

  1. ^ "History of the Northern Mariana Islands". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  2. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 14–15
  3. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 151–153
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Moore, John Bassett (1906). "A Digest of International Law as Embodied in Diplomatic Discussions, Treaties and Other International Agreements, International Awards, the Decisions of Municipal Courts, and the Writings of Jurists and Especially in Documents, Published and Unpublished, Issued by Presidents and Secretaries of State of the United States, the Opinions of the Attorneys-General, and the Decisions of Courts, Federal and State". Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 566–580. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016.
  5. ^ Ryden, George Herbert. The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa. New York: Octagon Books, 1975.
  6. ^ http://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ Vinow.com. Virgin Islands History. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  7. ^ a b Exec. Order No. 11021 (July 1, 1962; in English) President of the United States. Retrieved on April 10, 2015.
  8. ^ "Declaration of Independence: A Transcription". National Archives and Records Administration. November 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
  9. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 72–74
  10. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 84–85
  11. ^ "Delaware Government Facts & Symbols". Government of Delaware. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 100–104
  13. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 85–88
  14. ^ a b c d e f Van Zandt, pp. 65–71
  15. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 60–64
  16. ^ Hampshire, New (1824). The Laws of the State of New Hampshire. pp. 239–240. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  17. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 79–80
  18. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 74–79
  19. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 96–99
  20. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 80–84
  21. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 71–72
  22. ^ "Rhode Island declares independence". History Channel. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  23. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 99–100
  24. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 92–95
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Nine Capitals of the United States". U.S. Senate. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g "8 Forgotten Capitals of the United States". History. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  27. ^ "The North Carolina – South Carolina Border Surveys – 1730 to 1815". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  28. ^ Kelly, Stephen R. (August 23, 2014). "How the Carolinas Fixed Their Blurred Lines". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 31, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  29. ^ O'Connor, Joe (November 27, 2012). "Puffin Wars: The island paradise at centre of last Canada-U.S. land dispute". National Post. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  30. ^ "Constitution of Delaware". Avalon Project. Yale Law School. 1776. Archived from the original on July 9, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
  31. ^ "Constitution of Pennsylvania". Avalon Project. Yale Law School. 1776. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i Van Zandt, pp. 64–65
  33. ^ Court, New Hampshire (Colony) Probate (1877). Provincial and State Papers relating to New Hampshire. pp. 242–246. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  34. ^ a b Vermont 2006 J.R.H. 3, Joint Resolution Designating January as Vermont History and Independence Month Archived October 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ a b c Vermont State Papers, pp. 89–103
  36. ^ a b c d "The Historical Geography of Vermont". Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  37. ^ a b c d "East Union". The Vermont Encyclopedia. University Press of New England. 2003. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-58465-086-7. 1584650869.
  38. ^ Crumrine, Boyd (1902). "Boundary Controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia; 1748–1785". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 1 (4): 505–568. doi:10.5962/p.331066. S2CID 251488742. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  39. ^ a b c "Virginia-Tennessee Border". Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  40. ^ "Articles of Confederation". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  41. ^ a b Vermont State Papers, pp. 136–137: "Agreeably to the recommendation of the committees, the Legislature of Vermont was adjourned to the first Wednesday of April [1781]; at which time, it met at Windsor, and the union of the grants, east and west of Connecticut river, was consummated"
  42. ^ a b Vermont State Papers, pp. 138–141
  43. ^ a b "West Union". The Vermont Encyclopedia. University Press of New England. 2003. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-58465-086-7. 1584650869.
  44. ^ a b Vermont v. New Hampshire, 289 U.S. 593 (1933)
  45. ^ a b c d e f Walker, section titled "Areas and Political Divisons of the United States", p. 1 (p. 64 of the entire book)
  46. ^ "Virginia's Cession of the Northwest Territory". Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  47. ^ Spencer, Jesse Ames (1912). The United States: its beginnings, progress and modern development, Volume 3. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  48. ^ Gnichtel, Frederick W. (1921). "The "Pennamite Wars" and the Trenton Decree of 1782". Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society. 6. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  49. ^ Worthing C. Ford; et al. (eds.). Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. pp. Vol. 26, pp. 112–121.
  50. ^ Van Zandt, pp.10–22
  51. ^ a b Treaty of Paris, 1783; International Treaties and Related Records, 1778–1974; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives.
  52. ^ McGee, Gentry Richard (1911). A History of Tennessee from 1663 to 1914: For Use in Schools. American Book Company. pp. 95–99. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  53. ^ Williams, Samuel C. (1933). History of the Lost State of Franklin. p. 30.
  54. ^ a b c Schlueter, Roger (September 8, 2016). "The state that almost was an original colony". Belleville News-Democrat. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  55. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 109–111
  56. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 47–49
  57. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 111–114
  58. ^ Northwest Ordinance, July 13, 1787; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M332, roll 9); Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789; Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, 1774–1789, Record Group 360; National Archives.
  59. ^ Worthington C. Ford; et al. (eds.). Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. Vol. 33. pp. 466–477.
  60. ^ Cotterill, R. S. (1925). "The South Carolina Land Cession". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 12 (3): 376–384. doi:10.2307/1889567. ISSN 0161-391X. JSTOR 1889567.
  61. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Delaware; December 7, 1787". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on December 20, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  62. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Pennsylvania; December 12, 1787". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  63. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Jersey; December 18, 1787". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  64. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Georgia; January 2, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on December 20, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  65. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Connecticut; January 8, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  66. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Massachusetts; February 6, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  67. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  68. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of South Carolina; May 23, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  69. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Hampshire; June 21, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  70. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Virginia; June 26, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  71. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New York; July 26, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  72. ^ Williams, Samuel C. (1933). History of the Lost State of Franklin. p. 230.
  73. ^ 1 Stat. 50
  74. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of North Carolina; November 21, 1789". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  75. ^ 1 Stat. 106
  76. ^ 1 Stat. 123
  77. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Rhode Island; May 29, 1790". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 22, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  78. ^ 1 Stat. 130
  79. ^ 1 Stat. 191
  80. ^ 1 Stat. 130, 1 Stat. 214
  81. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 88–92
  82. ^ Tindall, William (February 25, 1919). "Naming the Seat of Government of the United States: A Legislative Paradox". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 23. Historical Society of Washington, D.C.: 10–25. JSTOR 40067136.
  83. ^ Virginia Compacts, § 1-307. Compact and boundary with Kentucky Archived June 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  84. ^ a b Van Zandt, p. 111
  85. ^ 1 Stat. 189
  86. ^ Thorpe, Francis Newton (1906). The Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America. Government Printing Office. p. 568. ISBN 0-89941-792-2. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
  87. ^ Hemenway Eric; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. "Summer 1795: The Treaty of Greenville creates an uneasy peace". National Park Service. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  88. ^ "Jay's Treaty". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  89. ^ "Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and The United States; October 27, 1795". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 12, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  90. ^ Van Zandt, p. 22
  91. ^ 1 Stat. 491
  92. ^ 1 Stat. 549
  93. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 105–106
  94. ^ Van Zandt, p. 12
  95. ^ 2 Stat. 56
  96. ^ "Proclamation of President Adams Accepting the Political Rights over Western Reserve". 1916. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  97. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 114–115
  98. ^ 2 Stat. 58
  99. ^ Carter II, Edward C. (1971–1972), "Benjamin Henry Latrobe and the Growth and Development of Washington, 1798–1818", Records of the Columbia Historical Society: 139
  100. ^ "The Acts of Union, 1800". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  101. ^ 2 Stat. 103
  102. ^ 2 Stat. 173
  103. ^ Virginia v. Tennessee, 148 U.S. 503 (1893)
  104. ^ Resolves and private laws of the state of Connecticut. Vol. 2. pp. 1540–1544.
  105. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 23–26
  106. ^ a b c d e Van Zandt, pp. 26–27
  107. ^ 2 Stat. 303
  108. ^ 2 Stat. 283
  109. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 106–108
  110. ^ 2 Stat. 309
  111. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 127–128
  112. ^ 2 Stat. 331
  113. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 116–117
  114. ^ 2 Stat. 514
  115. ^ Higgs, Robert. ""Not Merely Perfidious but Ungrateful": The U.S. Takeover of West Florida". Independent Institute. Archived from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  116. ^ "Proclamation—Occupation of West Florida (October 27, 1810)". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Archived from the original on October 30, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  117. ^ Cox, Isaac Joslin (1918). The West Florida Controversy, 1798–1813 – a Study in American Diplomacy. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  118. ^ 2 Stat. 701
  119. ^ 2 Stat. 734
  120. ^ 2 Stat. 743
  121. ^ a b c d e Van Zandt, pp. 117–118
  122. ^ 2 Stat. 708
  123. ^ Louisiana; Lislet, Louis Moreau (1828). A General Digest of the Acts of the Legislature of Louisiana: Passed from the Year 1804, to 1827, Inclusive. p. 9. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  124. ^ a b "Detroit surrenders without a fight". The History Channel. Archived from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  125. ^ Farmer, Silas (1884), The History of Detroit and Michigan: Or, the Metropolis Illustrated, Detroit: S. Farmer, p. 224, OCLC 359750
  126. ^ "Town History". Town of Brookville, Maryland. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  127. ^ 3 Stat. 289, 3 Stat. 399
  128. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 108–109
  129. ^ 3 Stat. 371
  130. ^ 3 Stat. 348, 3 Stat. 472
  131. ^ Alabama Terr. Acts 1818, 1st session, pp. 17–18 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  132. ^ Burrage, Henry Sweetser (1919). Maine in the Northeastern Boundary Controversy. State. p. 78. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  133. ^ 3 Stat. 428, 3 Stat. 536
  134. ^ 8 Stat. 248
  135. ^ "Treaties in Force" (PDF). United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
  136. ^ 3 Stat. 493
  137. ^ a b c d e Van Zandt, pp. 118–120
  138. ^ 3 Stat. 489, 3 Stat. 608
  139. ^ 3 Stat. 544
  140. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 55–60
  141. ^ 3 Stat. 565
  142. ^ Rowland, Dunbar (1917). The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi, Volume 4. pp. 57–58. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  143. ^ Alabama Legislature (1820). Alabama legislative acts, 1820. p. 92.
  144. ^ a b "The United States Formally Takes Control of Florida (July 17, 1821)". State Library and Archives of Florida. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
  145. ^ 3 Stat. 545
  146. ^ 3 Stat. 654
  147. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 104–105
  148. ^ 4 Stat. 40
  149. ^ "Convention Between the United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, Relative to Navigating, Fishing, Etc., in the Pacific Ocean". Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  150. ^ Supreme Court, Arkansas; Williams, George W. (1910). Arkansas Reports: Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of Arkansas, Volume 93. pp. 168–171. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  151. ^ 7 Stat. 311
  152. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 15-17
  153. ^ a b Keedy, Edwin R. (January 1953). "The Constitutions of the State of Franklin, the Indian Stream Republic and the State of Deseret". University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 101 (4): 521–525. doi:10.2307/3309935. JSTOR 3309935.
  154. ^ 4 Stat. 701
  155. ^ Foreign Office, Great Britain (1852). British and Foreign State Papers. p. 444. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
  156. ^ 5 Stat. 50
  157. ^ 5 Stat. 10
  158. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 128–131
  159. ^ "The Frostbitten Convention; or, How Michigan Ended the Toledo War and Became a State". Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  160. ^ 5 Stat. 144
  161. ^ Combs, H. Jason (2002). "The Platte Purchase and Native American Removal". Plains Anthropologist. 47 (182): 265–274. doi:10.1080/2052546.2002.11932095. JSTOR 25669782. S2CID 163783522.
  162. ^ 5 Stat. 34, 5 Stat. 802
  163. ^ 5 Stat. 235
  164. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 131–133
  165. ^ An ACT defining the northern boundary line of this State, accessed March 16, 2023
  166. ^ 5 Stat. 674
  167. ^ "Text of "The Webster–Ashburton Treaty"". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
  168. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 17–18
  169. ^ "Evolution of Michigan's Boundaries: The Minnesota Sliver". Michigan State University. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  170. ^ a b c d e Van Zandt, pp. 133–134
  171. ^ Text from Webster–Ashburton Treaty: "till the line thus run intersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of north latitude, and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the States of New York and Vermont on one side, and the British Province of Canada on the other"
  172. ^ "Provisional and Territorial Records Guide – 1843 Map". Oregon State Archives. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  173. ^ 5 Stat. 742
  174. ^ 9 Stat. 108
  175. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 120–127
  176. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Texas". United States State Department. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  177. ^ "Text of "Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains"". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2006.
  178. ^ a b Van Zandt, p. 18
  179. ^ Lavash, Donald (2006). A Journey Through New Mexico History. Sunstone Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-86534-541-6. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  180. ^ "New Mexico – Laws for the Government of the Territory of New Mexico; September 22, 1846". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on April 1, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  181. ^ "(James S. Calhoun's Annotated Copy) Map of the Territory of New Mexico Made by Order of Brig. Gen. S.W. Kearny under Instructions from Lieut. W.H. Emory, U.S.T.E. by Lieut's J.W. Abert and W.G. Peck, U.S.T.E., 1846–7". 1850. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  182. ^ 9 Stat. 117
  183. ^ 9 Stat. 35
  184. ^ 9 Stat. 1000
  185. ^ An ACT to extend the jurisdiction of the commonwealth of Virginia over the county of Alexandria Archived May 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  186. ^ 9 Stat. 233
  187. ^ Williams, J. Fletcher (1894). Henry Hastings Sibley: A Memoir. Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 277–281. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  188. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 28–29
  189. ^ 9 Stat. 922
  190. ^ 9 Stat. 323
  191. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 153–155
  192. ^ Missouri v. Iowa, 48 U.S. 660 (1849)
  193. ^ 9 Stat. 403
  194. ^ Danver, Steven L (April 25, 2013). "Young, Brigham". Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West. p. 675. ISBN 978-1-4522-7606-9. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  195. ^ a b 9 Stat. 245
  196. ^ "Boundaries". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  197. ^ Andrew, Bunyan H. (1949). "Some Queries Concerning the Texas-Louisiana Sabine Boundary". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 53 (1): 1–18. JSTOR 30240685.
  198. ^ 394 U.S. 1
  199. ^ 9 Stat. 452
  200. ^ 9 Stat. 453
  201. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 159–160
  202. ^ "Buffalo Water Intake, Horseshoe Reef Light Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
  203. ^ a b Treaty between the United States of America and the United Kingdom Concerning the Boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, signed April 11, 1908; accessed June 30, 2015
  204. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 160–165
  205. ^ 9 Stat. 446
  206. ^ Deseret (1919). Laws and ordinances of the state of Deseret (Utah). Shepard Book Co. p. Prefatory. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  207. ^ 10 Stat. 172
  208. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 155–156
  209. ^ 10 Stat. 277
  210. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 138–139
  211. ^ a b c d e Van Zandt, pp. 136–138
  212. ^ Kenneth R. Turner, "No Man's Land", Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, www.okhistory.org (accessed June 4, 2015).
  213. ^ a b Van Zandt, p. 29
  214. ^ "Gadsden Purchase Treaty : December 30, 1853". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on May 19, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  215. ^ 10 Stat. 575
  216. ^ 10 Stat. 602
  217. ^ Van Zandt, p. 70
  218. ^ Report of the Regents of the University on the Boundaries of the State of New York, Volume II. 1884. pp. 219–223. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
  219. ^ Florida v. Georgia, 58 U.S. 478, 480 (US 1854).
  220. ^ 11 Stat. 285
  221. ^ 11 Stat. 383
  222. ^ Kleber, John E (1992). "Middleton Offset". The Kentucky Encyclopedia. p. 635. ISBN 0-8131-2883-8. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  223. ^ "Tennessee-Kentucky border didn't turn out as straight as it was supposed to be" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  224. ^ a b "Departmental Manual". U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs. Retrieved July 15, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  225. ^ a b c Paxson, Frederic L. (1906). "The Territory of Colorado". The American Historical Review. 12 (1): 53–65. doi:10.2307/1832884. JSTOR 1832884.
  226. ^ a b 162 U.S. 1 (1896)
  227. ^ "Vanishing of Sarah Ann, Tiny Pacific Island, Causes Scientists Much Worry". Washington: Lundington Daily News. October 16, 1932. p. 1. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  228. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  229. ^ 12 Stat. 126
  230. ^ Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  231. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 141–144
  232. ^ 12 Stat. 172
  233. ^ An Act to admit Texas as a member of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  234. ^ 12 Stat. 239
  235. ^ a b c d e Van Zandt, pp. 134–136
  236. ^ 12 Stat. 209
  237. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 158–159
  238. ^ "Arizona Territory". National Park Service. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
  239. ^ An Act to admit the Commonwealth of Virginia as a member of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  240. ^ An Act to admit the State of Arkansas into the Confederacy Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  241. ^ An Act to admit the State of North Carolina into the Confederacy, on a certain condition Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 29, 2016
  242. ^ "Secession". John Locke Foundation.
  243. ^ Confederate Congress 1861, 1:272. (View the page cited)
  244. ^ "VIRGINIA.; The Restored Government of Virginia—History of the New State of Things". The New York Times. June 26, 1864. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016.
  245. ^ Navy Dept, United States; Rush, Richard (1922). Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. p. 103. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  246. ^ Colton, Ray Charles (1985). The Civil War in the Western Territories. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 122–123. ISBN 0-8061-1902-0. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  247. ^ KY Acts 1861 p. 110 Archived December 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  248. ^ Confederate Public Law Session V, Chapter I; accessed May 22, 2015
  249. ^ Confederate Public Law Session V, Chapter V Archived April 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine; accessed May 22, 2015
  250. ^ a b c "As long as grass shall grow and water run: The treaties formed by the Confederate States of America and the tribes in Indian Territory, 1861". University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  251. ^ a b c "Maps and History of Oklahoma County 1830–1900". 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  252. ^ 11 Stat. 382
  253. ^ a b "Palmyra Atoll". Office of Insular Affairs. 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  254. ^ 12 Stat. 575
  255. ^ a b Van Zandt, p. 165
  256. ^ 12 Stat. 664
  257. ^ 12 Stat. 808
  258. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 156–158
  259. ^ Martis, Kenneth C., "Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress: 1789-1989, 1989 ISBN 0-02-920170-5 p. 116.
  260. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 95–96
  261. ^ 13 Stat. 731
  262. ^ W.Va. Acts 1863, 1st sess., ch. 35, sec. 1/pp. 33–35 Archived April 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  263. ^ W.Va. Acts 1863, 1st sess., ch. 90, sec. 1/pp. 103–105 Archived May 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  264. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 145–151
  265. ^ 13 Stat. 85
  266. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. London: Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. pp. xix–xxxviii. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
  267. ^ 13 Stat. 749
  268. ^ "Remaining Confederate Cabinet Dissolves". Kansas City Public Library. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  269. ^ a b 14 Stat. 43
  270. ^ 14 Stat. 364
  271. ^ Society, Nevada State Historical (1909). First Biennial Report of the Nevada Historical Society. p. 133. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  272. ^ 14 Stat. 820
  273. ^ a b c "Acquisition Process of Insular Areas". United States Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs. 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  274. ^ Hawaii. Dept. of the Attorney General (1925). Opinions of the Attorney General of Hawaii. Paradise of the Pacific Press. p. 244.
  275. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 29–33
  276. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 165–166
  277. ^ "Treaty concerning the Cession of the Russian Possessions in North America by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias to the United States of America". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2006.
  278. ^ 15 Stat. 72
  279. ^ Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Florida ratified the amendment before that law was passed, so Florida was readmitted upon passage of the law.
  280. ^ Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamation of North Carolina's ratification: 15 Stat. 703.
  281. ^ Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamations of Louisiana's and South Carolina's ratification: 15 Stat. 704.
  282. ^ Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamation of Alabama's ratification: 15 Stat. 704.
  283. ^ Meyers, Christopher C. (2008). The Empire State of the South. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-88146-111-4. Archived from the original on May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  284. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 144–145
  285. ^ 15 Stat. 178
  286. ^ "Wyoming History". State of Wyoming. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  287. ^ a b Van Zandt, pp. 136, 149–150
  288. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Georgia (United States)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 751–758, see page 757.
  289. ^ 16 Stat. 62
  290. ^ 16 Stat. 67
  291. ^ 16 Stat. 80
  292. ^ 16 Stat. 363
  293. ^ "Northwest Territories". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  294. ^ 16 Stat. 93
  295. ^ "British Columbia". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  296. ^ "Vostok Island". Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. London: Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. pp. 561–562. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  297. ^ 17 Stat. 464
  298. ^ 18 Stat. 474
  299. ^ "Union Islands". Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. London: Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. pp. 540–541. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  300. ^ 21 Stat. 72
  301. ^ "Flint Island". Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. London: Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  302. ^ 22 Stat. 35
  303. ^ Watkins, Albert (1913). "Nebraska Territorial Acquisition". Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society. XVII. Nebraska State Historical Society: 53. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  304. ^ Letters Patent ... for the Annexation of Morant and Pedro Cays to the Island of Jamaica Archived April 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  305. ^ 23 Stat. 24
  306. ^ a b "Unknown title". United Empire. 4. Royal Colonial Institute: 266. 1914. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  307. ^ a b c 25 Stat. 676
  308. ^ a b c d Van Zandt, pp. 139–140
  309. ^ 26 Stat. 81
  310. ^ 26 Stat. 215
  311. ^ 26 Stat. 222
  312. ^ 27 Stat. 640
  313. ^ 28 Stat. 107
  314. ^ 30 Stat. 214
  315. ^ "Hawaii". Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  316. ^ 30 Stat. 750
  317. ^ "U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution" Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (pdf). Report to the Chairman, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. United States General Accounting Office. November 1997. Page 39, footnote 2.
  318. ^ Report of the Hawaiian Commission, S. Doc. No. 16, 55th Cong., at 4 (3d Sess. 1898)
  319. ^ "Wake Island Occupation" (PDF). The New York Times. March 21, 1899. Retrieved May 14, 2015.[dead link]
  320. ^ "Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  321. ^ a b Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands, USA) Archived October 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, April 4, 1928; accessed June 2, 2015
  322. ^ a b c d "Treaties, Cessions, and Federal Laws". American Samoa Bar Association. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  323. ^ 31 Stat. 77
  324. ^ https://americansamoa.noaa.gov/about/history.html National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. History. americansamoa.noaa.gov. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  325. ^ 31 Stat. 141
  326. ^ a b Van Zandt, p. 166
  327. ^ 31 Stat. 1465
  328. ^ Va. Code Ann. § 1-306, Virginia Compacts – Boundary with Tennessee Archived June 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  329. ^ Map of the borders of the Treaty of Paris (1898)
  330. ^ 31 Stat. 1942
  331. ^ "The Philippines, 1898—1946". Office of the Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  332. ^ 31 Stat. 895
  333. ^ 32 Stat. 691
  334. ^ "Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations; February 23, 1903". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  335. ^ Kramer, Paul (July 30, 2013). "A Useful Corner of the World: Guantánamo". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  336. ^ DuVal, Miles P. (1947). And the Mountains Will Move: The Story of the Building of the Panama Canal. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1151-7. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  337. ^ 33 Stat. 2234
  338. ^ Canal Zone Boundaries Archived April 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine; signed June 15, 1904; accessed June 30, 2015
  339. ^ a b c Van Zandt, pp. 58–60
  340. ^ Committee On Appropriations, United States. Congress. House; Tawney, James A (1908). Hearings concerning estimates for construction of the Isthmian Canal for the fiscal year 1909. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 396. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  341. ^ H.R. Doc. No. 458 part 10, 58th Cong., 2nd Sess. (1904), pp. 936–941 (Specifically for this citation, sec. 5 on page 938)
  342. ^ 33 Stat. 714
  343. ^ Myers, Arther J.; Vosburg, David L. (November 1964). "Distances Within the State of Oklahoma" (PDF). Oklahoma Geology Notes. 24 (11). University of Oklahoma: 256. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
  344. ^ Proclamation, dated September 9, 1907, declaring that the Colony of New Zealand shall be called and known by the title of the Dominion of New Zealand
  345. ^ 35 Stat. 2160
  346. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 18–20
  347. ^ International Boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada through the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes, Sheet No. 12 – Niagara River (Map). Buffalo, New York: International Waterways Commission. August 15, 1913. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  348. ^ a b c Wisconsin v. Michigan, 270 U.S. 295 (1926)
  349. ^ 36 Stat. 2477
  350. ^ Van Zandt, p. 20
  351. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Maritime Boundaries". United States Department of State. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  352. ^ "Who Owns Pope's Folly Island?". The New York Times. June 20, 1893. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  353. ^ Link to a download for the United States Geological Survey map of the Eastport Quadrangle from 1907: [1]
  354. ^ "Manu'a celebrates 105 years under the U.S. Flag". Samoa News. July 16, 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  355. ^ 37 Stat. 39
  356. ^ 37 Stat. 1728
  357. ^ 37 Stat. 512
  358. ^ Bowden, J.J. (October 1959). "The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Dispute Along the Rio Grande". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 63 (2). Texas State Historical Association: 221–237. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  359. ^ a b c d e f g h "Formerly Disputed Islands". U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs. 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  360. ^ 38 Stat. 1893
  361. ^ Canal Zone Boundaries Archived May 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed September 2, 1914; U.S. Treaty Series 610; accessed June 30, 2015
  362. ^ "Boundary Convention". The Canal Record. Balboa Heights, Panama. June 9, 1915. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  363. ^ a b c d e f g h McCain, William D. (1965). The United States and the Republic of Panama (2nd printing). New York: Russell & Russell. pp. 144–159.
  364. ^ 39 Stat. 1763
  365. ^ 39 Stat. 545
  366. ^ 39 Stat. 1706
  367. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 39–40
  368. ^ "Letter, Chester Harding (Governor of the Panama Canal Zone) to Luis Urriola (President of the Republic of Panama), July 12, 1918". Memoria Que Presenta el Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores a la Honorable Asamblea Nacional en Sus Sesiones Ordinarias de 1918. Panama: Republic of Panama: 303–305. 1919.
  369. ^ "The Panama Canal Record". Vol. XIII, no. 39. Balboa Heights, Canal Zone: The Panama Canal. May 12, 1920. pp. 584–585. ... it was not until the year 1918, when the Governor of the Canal Zone addressed a communication to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Panama stating that the United States Government would require 50.6 hectares, that the exact area expropriated was definitely known.
  370. ^ Canal Zone. Office of the Governor. (1919). Annual Report of the Governor of the Panama Canal for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1919. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 94. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. A survey was made and a map drawn up showing the boundary lines of the Punta Paitilla military reservation. Various areas were determined with reference to high and low water and the old and new city boundary lines. Permanent monuments were set and a description written up by metes and bounds. A tracing was made of the map of the military reservation known as area 'A'.
  371. ^ a b c d Panama Canal Zone and Vicinity Showing Judicial Districts (Map). National Archives, College Park, Maryland: United States Army. 1927. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. (with hand-drawn features dated 1932)
  372. ^ 40 Stat. 959
  373. ^ U.S. For. Rel., 1920, III, 314–322; Specifically, page 315, D-No. 60
  374. ^ U.S. For. Rel., 1920, III, 314–322; Specifically, page 322, S.P.-No. 1362
  375. ^ a b Ecenbarger, Bill (August 30, 2001). Walkin' the Line: A Journey from Past to Present Along the Mason-Dixon. M. Evans and Company, Inc. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-1-4617-1076-9. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  376. ^ Link to a download for the United States Geological Survey map of the Elkton Quadrangle from August 1900: [2]. Note that later reprints of the same map, as early as 1906, changed ownership of the Wedge to Delaware: [3]
  377. ^ States, United (1921). "Pub.Res. 7". Archived from the original on April 9, 2016.
  378. ^ a b Hayes, J. Carroll (July 1923). "The Delaware Curve: The Story of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Circular Boundary". Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 47 (3). Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  379. ^ "Refuse to be Expatriated: Citizens of Delaware Decline to Become Pennsylvanians". The New York Times. December 19, 1892. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  380. ^ a b "Kingman Reef". Office of Insular Affairs. 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  381. ^ Reply of the United States to the Honduran Claim of Sovereignty over the Swan Islands Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  382. ^ Annual Report of the Governor of the Panama Canal for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1924. Washington, DC: [U.S.] Government Printing Office. 1924. p. 13. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  383. ^ Exec. Order No. 4019 (June 5, 1924; in English) President of the United States. Retrieved on June 30, 2015.
  384. ^ "Pub.Res. 75" (PDF). 1925. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
  385. ^ "Treaty Between Canada and the United States of America to define more accurately and to complete the International Boundary between the two Countries" (PDF). February 24, 1925. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  386. ^ Van Zandt, pp. 21–22
  387. ^ Exec. Order No. 4467 (July 26, 1926; in English) President of the United States
  388. ^ Wisconsin v. Michigan, 272 U.S. 398 (1926)
  389. ^ "Minute 99: Re accretions lands on Colorado River—also Farmers and Fain Bancos.Decision reached" (PDF). International Boundary and Water Commission. October 26, 1927. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  390. ^ a b "Minutes between the United States and Mexican Sections of the IBWC". International Boundary and Water Commission. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  391. ^ New Mexico v. Texas, 275 U.S. 279 (1927)
  392. ^ 47 Stat. 145
  393. ^ 48 U.S.C. § 731a: Change of name; Puerto Rico
  394. ^ 47 Stat. 2198
  395. ^ Shih, Yang-Ch'Eng. American Water Resources Administration. p. 1027. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  396. ^ The details of the project are contained in IBWC minutes 145 through 167."Minutes 1 through 179". International Boundary and Water Commission. Archived from the original on June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  397. ^ "Proclamation 2148—Establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  398. ^ 48 Stat. 456
  399. ^ Wisconsin v. Michigan, 297 U.S. 547 (1936)
  400. ^ Exec. Order No. 7368 (May 13, 1936; in English) President of the United States
  401. ^ 49 Stat. 1807
  402. ^ Bevans, Charles Irving (1976). Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States, Volume 12. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  403. ^ "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" (PDF). Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  404. ^ Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, General, the British Commonwealth and Europe (1939). U.S. Department of State. 1939. pp. 317–319. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  405. ^ a b "Japanese Occupation of Guam". Guampedia. October 2009. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  406. ^ a b "Surrender of Wake Atoll, 4 September 1945". Naval History & Heritage Command. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  407. ^ a b c "71st Anniversary of the Second Philippine Republic". Republic of the Philippines Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  408. ^ "United Nations Treaty Series Volume 7" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
  409. ^ Tokelau Act 1948 Archived August 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NZ Pub Act 1948 No. 24; accessed July 2, 2015
  410. ^ "Organic Act of Guam". Guampedia. 3 September 2013. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  411. ^ 64 Stat. 384
  412. ^ 64 Stat. 397
  413. ^ Convention between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama regarding the Colon Corridor and certain other corridors through the Canal Zone Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed May 24, 1950; UNTS 3430; accessed June 30, 2015
  414. ^ Vinokurov, Evgeny (2007). Theory of Enclaves. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD. pp. 190–192. ISBN 978-0-7391-2403-1. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  415. ^ Treaty of mutual understanding and co-operation between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama Archived August 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed January 25, 1955; UNTS 3454; accessed June 30, 2015
  416. ^ 75 Stat. 399
  417. ^ "Boundary: Solution of the Problem of the Chamizal" (PDF). International Boundary and Water Commission. August 29, 1963. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  418. ^ "Constitution of the Cook Islands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  419. ^ Van Zandt p. 43
  420. ^ "Treaty on the Swan Islands" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  421. ^ a b Gray, David H. (Autumn 1997). "Canada's Unresolved Maritime Boundaries" (PDF). IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin. pp. 61–67. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  422. ^ "Minutes between the United States and Mexican Sections of the IBWC". International Boundary and Water Commission. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Approvals: United States – May 26, 1977 [;] Mexico – May 26, 1977
  423. ^ Rohter, Larry (September 26, 1987). "South of Border Was Once North". New York Times. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  424. ^ "Completion of the Relocations of the Rio Grande Stipulated in Article I of the Treaty of November 23, 1970 (Minute No. 257)" (PDF). International Boundary and Water Commission. May 18, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  425. ^ "Constitution of Tuvalu". Archived from the original on August 28, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  426. ^ "Constitution of Kiribati". Government of Kiribati. 1979. Archived from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  427. ^ "The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties". U.S. Department of State. October 31, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  428. ^ Maritime Boundary Treaty Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed March 28, 1978; UNTS 20984; accessed June 30, 2015
  429. ^ "Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Colombia Concerning the Status of Quita Sueño, Roncador, and Serrana" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  430. ^ "Treaty between the United States of America and New Zealand on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Tokelau and the United States of America" (PDF). pp. 251–267. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  431. ^ "Treaty between the United States of America and the Cook Islands" (PDF). June 11, 1980. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  432. ^ "Treaty of Friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Kiribati" (PDF). pp. 239–250. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  433. ^ "Treaty of Friendship between the United States of America and Tuvalu" (PDF). pp. 79–84. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  434. ^ Case Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada v. United States) Archived August 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine , accessed June 30, 2015
  435. ^ a b Ronald Reagan (November 3, 1986). "Proclamation 5564: Placing Into Full Force and Effect the Covenant With the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Compacts of Free Association With the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands" (PDF). Government Publishing Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  436. ^ Anderson, Jon (February 8, 1973). "Wake Island Claimed By Marshall Islanders". The Cameron Herald. Cameron, Texas. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  437. ^ "Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the maritime boundary" (PDF). The United Nations. 1 June 1990.
  438. ^ Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to abide by the terms of the Maritime Boundary Agreement of 1 June 1990, pending entry into force Archived August 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed June 1, 1990; UNTS 40300; accessed July 1, 2015
  439. ^ Treaty 101-22
  440. ^ "Palau Gains Independence on Saturday". Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Associated Press. September 30, 1994.
  441. ^ Treaty on the delimitation in the Caribbean of a maritime boundary relating to the U.S. Virgin Islands and Anguilla Archived March 31, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed May 11, 1993; UNTS 32636; accessed July 1, 2015
  442. ^ Treaty on the delimitation in the Caribbean of a maritime boundary relating to Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands Archived March 31, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed May 11, 1993; UNTS 32637; accessed July 1, 2015
  443. ^ "Navassa Island". U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs. 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  444. ^ Secretary's Orders 3205: Administration of Navassa Island[permanent dead link], United States Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, signed January 16, 1997, accessed June 30, 2015
  445. ^ Treaty on maritime boundaries between the United Mexican States and the United States of America Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed May 4, 1978; UNTS 37399; accessed June 30, 2015
  446. ^ "New Jersey v. New York – 523 U.S. 767 (1998)". Justia. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  447. ^ Treaty between the Government of the United Mexican States and the Government of the United States of America on the delimitation of the continental shelf in the western Gulf of Mexico beyond 200 nautical miles Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed June 9, 2000; UNTS 37400; accessed June 30, 2015
  448. ^ "Minute 315: Adoption of the Delineation of the International Boundary on the 2008 Aerial Photographic Mosaic of the Rio Grande" (PDF). International Boundary and Water Commission. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 11, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
  449. ^ Treaty 105-53
  450. ^ "Treaty between the Government of Niue and the Government of the United States of America on the delimitation of a maritime boundary". United Nations. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  451. ^ "Border of North Carolina and South Carolina Realigned on January 1st". WABC. January 2, 2017. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  452. ^ "How the Carolinas Fixed Their Blurred Lines". The New York Times. August 23, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  453. ^ Rhode Island to Remove Word 'Plantations' From Official Name
  454. ^ RI elections panel certifies Biden's win, other races
  455. ^ "Convention Between the United States and Mexico for the Elimination of the Bancos in the Rio Grande from the Effects of Article II of the Treaty of November 12, 1884" (PDF). June 5, 1907. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  456. ^ Metz, Leon C. (June 12, 2010). "Bancos of the Rio Grande". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  457. ^ "IBWC Minutes". International Boundary and Water Commission. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  458. ^ "USA-Mexico Bancos Map". Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  459. ^ Mueller, Jerry E. (1975). Restless River, International Law and the Behavior of the Rio Grande. Texas Western Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780874040500.

Further reading