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Lista de variedades de uva de vino portuguesas

La historia de la viticultura y la vinificación en Portugal abarca muchos siglos y ha incluido el uso de un gran número de variedades autóctonas. Además, a través de la experimentación y los ensayos de campo han surgido varias variedades nuevas que ahora desempeñan un papel clave en la producción de la amplia gama de vinos del país .

La relativa ausencia de muchas variedades internacionales como Cabernet Sauvignon , [1] Chardonnay [2] y Semillon [3] es otra característica de la industria vitivinícola de este país, aunque en las últimas décadas muchas de estas variedades han sido objeto de un uso más amplio, como lo revelan las listas siguientes.

La producción de vino de Portugal en 2019 fue de 6,5 millones de hectolitros (Mhl), en línea con su media anual desde 2015, y la previsión para 2020 también es de 6,5 Mhl. [4] Esta industria hace una importante contribución a los ingresos anuales del país al atraer un vigoroso mercado local y al ser exportada a todo el mundo, siendo Francia , Estados Unidos , [a] el Reino Unido , Brasil y Alemania los principales destinos. La evidencia obtenida de investigaciones recientes puede sugerir que la industria aún no ha alcanzado su nivel máximo de eficiencia de producción de uva de vino. [b]

Entre otras naciones exportadoras de vino, Portugal ocupó el noveno lugar a nivel mundial en 2018-2019. [7] [c]

Identificar una variedad: el problema de los homónimos y los sinónimos

Las variedades de uva de vino se conocen generalmente por lo que se denomina el "nombre principal", y es bajo este nombre que aparecen en documentos oficiales y académicos como el Catálogo Internacional de Variedades de Vitis (VIVC) [9] y ¿Qué uva de vino se cultiva dónde?: Una imagen empírica global , de Kym Anderson et al . [10] .

En ocasiones, en un país determinado, una variedad puede tener un nombre propio que es diferente de su nombre propio en el contexto internacional. Por ejemplo, la variedad denominada internacionalmente Tempranillo o Tempranillo Tinto [11] está oficialmente registrada en Portugal como Aragonez [11] , y también se conoce en diferentes regiones como Tinta Roriz o Aragonês [12] .

Junto con el nombre principal, los otros nombres, es decir homónimos y sinónimos , por los que se conoce cada variedad también se incluyen en las listas siguientes. [d] Estos homónimos y sinónimos indican cuántas de las variedades de uva de vino cultivadas en Portugal son conocidas por más de un nombre tanto dentro del propio país como a nivel internacional. Por ejemplo, los sinónimos de Tinta Caiada [15] (también llamada Tinta Lameira [16] en Portugal, y conocida en otros lugares por su nombre en español , Parraleta ), enumerados por país de origen, son:

Bonvedro, Falsa Cariñena (Australia); Espagnin Noir (Francia); Bastardão, Bonvedro, Bomvedro, Lambrusco de Alentejo, Monvedro, Monvedro do Algarve, Monvedro de Sines, Murteira, Olho Branco, Pau Ferro, Perrel, Preto Foz, Preto João Mendes, Tinta Caiada, Tinta Grossa, Tinta Lameira, Tintorro, Torres de Algarve (Portugal); Bonifaccencu, Bonifacienco, Carenisca, Caricagiola (Cerdeña); Bastardo, Cua Tendra, Parraleta, Parrel, Salceño Negro (España). [17]

En un contexto internacional, algunas variedades tienen más de 200 o 300 homónimos o sinónimos: más de 250 para Chasselas Blanc , [18] alrededor de 300 para Pinot Noir , [19] y cerca de 350 para Moscatel Galego Branco. [20]

A menudo, los homónimos o sinónimos de una variedad en particular son una traducción directa de un idioma o dialecto a otro. Pinot Blanc , [21] por ejemplo, se originó en Francia y por lo tanto su nombre principal está en francés , pero en italiano se llama Pinot Bianco ( bianco = blanco) y Pinot Bijeli ( bijeli = blanco) en croata y lenguas o dialectos relacionados con el serbocroata . A veces, cuando una variedad se originó en un lugar particular o se ha cultivado allí durante mucho tiempo, se le puede dar un nombre local que refleje esa asociación. Arinto , [22] por ejemplo, tiene entre sus sinónimos Arinto d'Anadia, Arinto de Bucelas, Arinto do Dão y Arinto do Douro así como Asal Espanhol, Pé de Perdiz Branco y Terrantez de Terceira. [e]

Se ha generado mayor confusión cuando se ha dado un homónimo o sinónimo particular a más de una variedad. Espadeiro , [24] por ejemplo, es el nombre principal de una variedad; pero como advierte Wein-Plus, "no debe confundirse con Camaraou Noir, [25] Manseng Noir [f] (ambos de Francia), Padeiro, [29] Trincadeira Preta [30] o Vinhão [31] (los cinco con el sinónimo Espadeiro), a pesar del hecho de que parecen compartir sinónimos o tener similitudes morfológicas. [32]

Probablemente la mayor confusión de identidad se ha producido por errores de identificación, [g] nombres erróneos, [h] o etiquetados incorrectos. [i] Algunos productores, por ejemplo, se han encontrado con vides para las que no tenían una identificación formal y han basado su decisión en la observación o incluso en conjeturas; por lo tanto, si el comportamiento de la viña, la uva o la temporada es similar al de otra variedad, no es sorprendente que se le asigne a la variedad un nombre incorrecto. La ocurrencia de errores de etiquetado también era frecuente en el pasado, especialmente cuando la recolección e intercambio de esquejes se realizaba de manera informal y sin algún tipo de control. La nueva legislación y una administración estricta han reducido pero no eliminado este riesgo.

La ampelografía y la creación de la Colección Ampelográfica Nacional

Un paso importante en el mapeo y conservación del perfil único de la uva de Portugal fue la creación en 1988 de la Coleção Ampelográfica Nacional (Colección Ampelográfica Nacional o CAN), [38] [39] un banco de germoplasma que contiene tantas variedades nativas únicas del país como se han encontrado hasta ahora junto con aquellas variedades que se han introducido desde otros lugares. La colección está ubicada en el Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, IP (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agrícola y Veterinaria o INIAV) en Dois Portos, y ha sido descrita como la "colección de referencia nacional" y "además de su aspecto de preservación, también tiene funciones pedagógicas y apoya la investigación nacional e internacional". [40]

Otra de sus funciones era, como escribió Eiras-Dias, "resolver los problemas de sinonimia y homonimia que se extendían por las diferentes regiones vitivinícolas". [41] La magnitud de este problema y sus múltiples causas ya han sido discutidas anteriormente. Otros ejemplos citados por Eiras-Dias son " Castelão [42] (vs. Periquita, vs. Trincadeiro, vs. João de Santarém, vs. Castelão Francês) o Fernão Pires [43] (vs. Maria Gomes)", con debates sobre la estandarización de su identidad que provocaron acalorados debates a principios de los años 1980. En sus palabras, el carácter generalizado de este problema generó confusión que, a su vez, "tuvo efectos muy negativos sobre el conocimiento y la gestión del rico patrimonio vitivinícola del país". [41]

Los pasos que condujeron a la fundación de la CAN comenzaron en 1981 con la creación del Projecto Nacional de Ampelografia e Sinonímia das Variedades de Videira (Proyecto Nacional de Ampelografia y Sinonímia de Variedades de Vid o PNASVV). Esto ocurrió justo antes de la adhesión de Portugal a la Comunidad Económica Europea (precursora de la Unión Europea (UE) en la que, tras su creación, se absorbió la CEE) y estuvo motivado por la necesidad de poder operar de manera eficiente dentro del contexto europeo más amplio. Entre la formación del PNASVV y la creación de la CAN, comenzaron varios proyectos ampelográficos de base regional y, cuando la colección nacional estaba en funcionamiento, ya se había establecido el papel y el valor de la ampelografía en la industria del vino. La integración de la CAN con la participación legislativa y administrativa del gobierno en la industria del vino se demostró cuando la lista de la CAN se convirtió en el núcleo de la lista de ordenanzas del gobierno de 2000 [44] y revisiones posteriores, incluido el " Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Videira " de 2017 (Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Vid o NCVV). [45] La CAN continúa proporcionando nueva información al gobierno para la actualización de su lista, [41] a VIVC [46] y al organismo de certificación de la UE, la Comisión Europea (CE).

La investigación científica y la construcción de la identidad

En los últimos años, las pruebas genéticas , los perfiles de ADN y la genómica han desempeñado un papel importante en el establecimiento de la identidad y la ascendencia de las variedades de uva. [47] Especialmente Jorge Böhm tiene que ser nombrado cuando se trata de la investigación científica de las variedades de uva portuguesas, ya que es bien conocido por su éxito en la mejora de la mayoría de las variedades nativas mediante la mutación de nuevos clones con su propio vivero de plantas. Pero la disponibilidad de estos servicios ha sido limitada y se ha concentrado en gran medida en aquellas variedades que desempeñan un papel clave en la producción de vino. Esto significa que todavía hay mucho trabajo por hacer, dejando muchas variedades aún envueltas en el misterio, y si son variedades que han caído en desuso, parece poco probable que alguna vez se investigue su identidad.

En las regiones del Duero y Oporto [48] se puso en marcha un programa de investigación portugués pionero:

“…comparar la eficacia de las técnicas moleculares RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) e ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) en la detección de sinónimos, homónimos y nombres incorrectos. El análisis RAPD e ISSR permitió la detección de 36 patrones de bandas diferentes, reduciendo en aproximadamente un 36% el material original. Varias accesiones cultivadas bajo diferentes nombres, entre y dentro de las colecciones, se confirmaron como el mismo genotipo, a saber, Gouveio/Verdelho, Sousão Douro/Vinhão y Arinto Oeste/Pedernã. De manera similar, también se identificaron algunos homónimos/nombres incorrectos, a saber, dentro de las accesiones Azal Tinto y Rabigato. Los marcadores RAPD e ISSR demostraron ser técnicas moleculares adecuadas para la identificación de variedades de vid con ventajas sobre otros procedimientos moleculares, lo que contribuye a una buena gestión de las colecciones de vid”. [49]

Los resultados de esta investigación ilustran por qué se ha vuelto necesario aclarar la confusión que ha sido causada y mantenida por el uso de sinónimos y homónimos falsos y engañosos. En relación, por ejemplo, con el problema de identificar Sousão (ahora oficialmente conocido como Sezão ) [50] y Vinhão [31] , el informe decía:

"Los resultados destacan la proximidad genética entre las accesiones Sousão y Vinhão. Sousão es el nombre principal de un cultivar cultivado especialmente en la región de 'Vinhos Verdes' cuya designación de cultivar fue modificada a Sezão en la última revisión de la 'Lista Portuguesa de Variedades Aptas para la Producción de Vino'. Vinhão ha sido reportado como sinónimo del cultivar español Sousón. Sin embargo, existe un foco de confusión en la Región del Duero, donde, con frecuencia, el nombre Sousão se le da al cultivar Vinhão. Aunque los grupos RAPD separados observados para los grupos Sousão y Vinhão son correctos, sin embargo, el hecho de que estas accesiones tengan una mezcla de nombres entre los dos grupos RAPD y que se agrupen juntos en el análisis del marcador ISSR, sugiere que las accesiones Sousão y Vinhão son genéticamente cercanas". [51]

Se han logrado avances adicionales para la identificación de variedades mediante el uso de microsatélites . [52] Se han llevado a cabo programas en varias regiones. Uno de los más interesantes involucró una revisión en 2010 de 313 accesiones plantadas en ese momento en el propio sitio de CAN. Todas ellas habían sido autorizadas para la producción comercial de vino. De estas, los investigadores pudieron confirmar 244 como genotipos distintos, dejando 69 para una clasificación adicional. De estos, 40 se subdividieron en 17 grupos de genotipos distintos, cada uno definido por sinónimos compartidos. Los grupos más grandes estaban formados por Ramisco Tinto, Rabo de Ovelha Tinto, Saborinho, Molar, Tinto de Porto Santo y Tinta Negra, cada uno de ellos registrado en ese momento bajo dos a seis sinónimos. En algunos casos, cuando las variedades tenían diferentes colores de bayas pero compartían los mismos perfiles de marcadores de ADN de repetición de secuencia simple (SSR), se tomó que una era una mutación de la otra y se enumeraron juntas. Entonces, por ejemplo, Fernão Pires tiene bayas de color verde-amarillo (B) y Fernão Pires Rosado tiene bayas de rosa (Rs) y Fernão Pires Rosado tiene bayas de rosa (Rs), pero tienen los mismos perfiles SSR y Fernão Pires Rosado figura como una mutación de color de Fernão Pires. Como dijeron los investigadores en su informe:

"Tradicionalmente, la caracterización de las variedades se basaba en la descripción morfológica de las plantas. Sin embargo, estas observaciones requieren mucho tiempo y son propensas a errores debido a las variaciones ambientales que pueden alterar la expresión de las características medidas. En los últimos años, los avances en el análisis de ADN para la discriminación de variedades mediante la aplicación de la huella microsatélite (SSR) en la viticultura se han convertido en la técnica de elección para la identificación y distinción de variedades". [53]

Otro programa de investigación llevado a cabo antes de 2015 implicó el uso de microsatélites y perfiles SSR para estudiar e identificar correctamente 39 cultivares menos conocidos en la región de Vinhos Verdes. Como dice el informe de investigación:

"Las accesiones analizadas fueron identificadas y agrupadas en 34 genotipos diferentes, nueve de ellos denominados nuevos genotipos. Se detectaron algunas nuevas sinonimias, concretamente entre cultivares españoles y portugueses. También se detectaron identificaciones y designaciones erróneas." (p. 53) (Los nueve cultivares de genotipo nuevo se han añadido a las listas que figuran a continuación.) [54]

Teniendo en cuenta el párrafo final de este informe, los hallazgos de esta investigación ofrecen resultados tan significativos para la región de Vinhos Verdes como podrían serlo para toda la industria vitivinícola del país:

"Además del interés genético en la correcta identificación y conservación de estos cultivares autóctonos y menores, con el fin de evitar su extinción y mantener la biodiversidad de la Región de los Vinos Verdes DOC, también podrían ser restaurados e introducidos en la producción de vinos nuevos y originales."(p. 57)

La investigación del origen y la identidad de las vides nativas de Portugal [55] se basó en la teoría de que aquellos cultivares de Vitis vinifera L. ssp.vinifera , que se habían originado en la parte oriental del Mediterráneo y habían sido traídos al oeste por colonos fenicios, griegos y romanos, se habían cruzado con una generación preexistente de vides silvestres de la población de Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris que se había originado en la península Ibérica o había sobrevivido allí durante el último período glacial que terminó hace aproximadamente 11.700 años. Ssp. sylvestris , con nombres comunes como videira brava , videira silvestre o parreira brava , aún sobreviven en los bosques de Alentejo, Beiras y Dão y en otras partes de la península Ibérica. Varios programas de investigación utilizaron microsatélites junto con análisis morfológicos y SSR y sus hallazgos se describen en varios informes, el más detallado es el de Cunha et al ., quienes concluyeron diciendo:

"Las relaciones reveladas entre las vides silvestres locales y los cultivares de vid locales subrayan aún más la importancia de proteger las poblaciones donde existe este importante depósito de variabilidad genética, no sólo desde el punto de vista de la biodiversidad sino también como fuente de rasgos potencialmente útiles para la viticultura y la enología". [56]

Si bien Portugal ha avanzado mucho en la identificación y la indexación correctas de sus variedades de uva, aún queda mucho por hacer. Como escribieron Cunha y sus colegas:

“Normalmente, el viticultor se muestra reacio a lo desconocido en sus viñedos. O bien conoce el verdadero nombre de una variedad de uva o, simplemente, la rebautiza, originando la existencia de varios nombres para designar una variedad (sinonimia) y de un mismo nombre para identificar variedades diferentes (homonimia). Este problema, común a todos los países vitivinícolas, exige la adopción de una nomenclatura oficial en la que cada variedad de uva se identifique con un nombre único. Excepcionalmente, y cuando lo justifiquen tradiciones expresivas, puede admitirse un sinónimo reconocido, con un uso pretendido equivalente.” [57]

Legislación gubernamental y lista oficial de nombres

Como ya se ha indicado, en 2010, habiendo previsto la necesidad de una reglamentación, el Gobierno portugués, mediante su entonces denominada ordenanza, emitió una ordenanza que regulaba la lista de variedades de uva que podían utilizarse en la industria del vino. [44] Siguieron revisiones posteriores.

En 2017, incorporando nueva información procedente de la CAN y otras fuentes, el gobierno publicó un documento exhaustivo titulado " Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Videira " (Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Vid o NCVV). [45] Cada una de ellas figuraba en el catálogo bajo el nombre principal por el que se la debe conocer en la producción y distribución comercial de vino del país. El derecho de añadir nuevas variedades a la lista quedó en manos del Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, IP (Instituto de la Vid y el Vino o IVV), [58] una división del ahora llamado Ministério da Agricultura (Ministerio de Agricultura).

De las 343 variedades de esa lista, 230 eran originarias de Portugal o de la península Ibérica . Pero, como advirtieron Cunha y sus colegas, "aún quedan en la colección decenas de variedades de uva no identificadas (desconocidas), recogidas en viñedos sujetos a arranque definitivo y/o reestructuración en todo el país, siendo actualmente objeto de identificación y definición de la estrategia para su conservación". [59] El uso de la tipificación genómica para la estandarización de los nombres principales de la lista de variedades de uva de Portugal fue el objetivo principal de Cunha y su equipo, y sus hallazgos están contenidos en ese informe. Según el informe de 2010 de Veloso et al .,

"Menos de 15 cultivares nativos representan la mayoría de los actualmente utilizados para la viticultura, a saber, Alvarinho , [60] Antão Vaz , [61] Arinto , [22] Fernão Pires , [43] para los cultivares verde-amarillo (25.800 ha) y Baga , [62] Castelão , [42] Tinta Barroca , [63] Tinto Cão , [64] Touriga Franca , [65] Touriga Nacional [66] y Trincadeira (= Trincadeira Preta) , [30] para los cultivares azul-negros (73.630 hectáreas)." [53]

Denominaciones de origen de los vinos de Portugal

El sistema de denominaciones de vino de Portugal clasifica los vinos de tres formas: Denominação de Origem Controlada (Denominación de Origen Controlada o DOC), Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada (Indicación de Procedencia Regulada o DPI) y Vinho Regional (Vino Regional o VR).

La clasificación más alta es la Denominación de Origen Controlada . En virtud de su funcionamiento, unas normas estrictas: (1) designan la región o DOC de la que procede un vino determinado; (2) regulan las variedades de uva o castas que, habiendo sido incluidas oficialmente en la lista de esa región, pueden utilizarse para elaborar un vino cuya etiqueta incluirá el sello de DOC de esa región; (3) protegen a los productores de una región de otros productores que, en otros lugares, hagan declaraciones falsas sobre su origen; y (4) establecen los estándares que debe cumplir cada productor para cada producto. [j]

Viñedos en el valle del Duero con la ciudad vinícola de Pinhão a lo lejos. El hecho de que en 1756 la Denominación de Origen Controlada Douro (DOC) fuera definida por la Carta Real como región productora de vino de Oporto hace que la DOC Douro sea la zona vinícola demarcada más antigua del mundo. Ubicada aguas arriba de Oporto, en el río Duero y sus afluentes, hay evidencias de que en la región se producía vino ya en los siglos IV y III a. C. y que allí se cultivaban uvas en tiempos prehistóricos. [k]

Cada región DOC tiene su propio organismo regulador que realiza estas tareas y al que los productores están obligados a presentar para su evaluación anual muestras de todos sus vinos que llevan el sello DOC. Así, por ejemplo, los vinos producidos bajo esta normativa por la DOC Douro tendrán en la etiqueta la mención "Douro DOC" o " Douro Denominação de Origem Controlada " y esta denominación transmite al mercado una garantía de que el vino ha sido producido de acuerdo con los estándares de esa región.

Por diversas razones, una DOC puede entrar en decadencia y, como consecuencia de ello, puede fusionarse con otra DOC. Ejemplos de ello son las antiguas DOC de Borba, Portalegre, Redondo, Reguengos y Vidigueira, que ahora son subregiones de la DOC Alentejo.

A partir de 1990, las regiones o subregiones más pequeñas dentro de las DOC comenzaron a etiquetar sus vinos bajo una clasificación llamada Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada (Indicación de Proveniencia Regulada o IPR) o VQPRD ( Vinho De Qualidade Produzido Em Região Demarcada o Vino de Calidad Producido en una Región Demarcada) y, a menudo, IPR o VQPRD. [69] Estas regiones establecieron sus propios organismos reguladores internos similares a los que operan en las DOC, y a menudo su plan era desarrollar su propia identidad y calidad de producción hasta un punto que llevaría, a su vez, a ser reconocidas como DOC. [70]

La tercera denominación es Vinho Regional (Vino Regional). Como señala Vinos de Portugal:

"Las normas para la elaboración de vinos regionales son mucho menos estrictas que las que rigen los vinos con denominación de origen. Sin embargo, muchos vinos portugueses prestigiosos se clasifican como vinos regionales. Esto se debe a menudo a que el productor ha optado por utilizar variedades de uva que no están permitidas para la DOC local, o al menos no en esas combinaciones o proporciones particulares. Las normas más laxas para los vinos regionales dan a los productores un mayor margen de individualidad, aunque estos vinos todavía tienen que cumplir ciertos criterios en cuanto a la variedad de uva, el contenido mínimo de alcohol, etc." [71]

En realidad, los sistemas DOC y VR pueden funcionar y, de hecho, funcionan en paralelo en relación con regiones específicas. Por lo tanto, la región del Alentejo tiene las denominaciones Alentejo DOC y Alentejano VR, mientras que en la región del Duero hay denominaciones Douro DOC y Duriense VR . Por lo tanto, una variedad puede aparecer en diferentes niveles de listado, es decir, tanto en las listas DOC como VR, porque esto permite que esa variedad se use de diferentes maneras. A su vez, esto determinaría el tipo de sello que el productor puede usar en la etiqueta de un vino específico.

La categoría básica de vinos de Portugal se conocía antiguamente como vinho de mesa (vino de mesa), pero hoy en día se suele llamar simplemente vinho o vinho de Portugal . Estos pueden producirse a partir de zumo de uva de cualquier parte del país o de otro lugar, no existe el mismo nivel de control sobre las normas que se aplica a los vinos DOC y VR, y la etiqueta normalmente solo lleva el nombre del productor, ya sea el nombre del producto o las variedades de uva utilizadas en él y las palabras "Producto de Portugal".

Denominaciones de origen de los vinos de la Unión Europea

Logotipos de las indicaciones geográficas de la Unión Europea

La indicación geográfica o asociación de un producto con un lugar o región específicos tiene una larga historia a nivel nacional en Europa. En 1992, la UE formalizó este proceso en su propia normativa [72] con un proceso de certificación que debía ser administrado por la CE. [73]

Al diseñar sus normas de certificación, la UE se basó en el sistema DOC de Portugal, la Appellation d'origine contrôlée (Denominación de Origen Controlada o AOC) de Francia, la Denominazione di origine controllata (Denominación de Origen Controlada o DOC) de Italia, la Denominación de origen (Denominación de Origen o DO) de España y las de otros miembros de la UE. [74] Al igual que con Portugal y cada uno de los demás miembros productores de vino de la UE, los sistemas internos funcionan en paralelo con los de la UE, y las variedades que aparecen en las listas internas también aparecen en las listas equivalentes de la UE.

Según la normativa de la UE, existen tres categorías de certificación [75] que se explican a continuación:

  1. “Denominación de Origen Protegida” (DOP) – “Los nombres de productos registrados como DOP son aquellos que tienen vínculos más fuertes con el lugar en el que se elaboran.”; [75]
  2. «Indicación Geográfica Protegida» (IGP) – «La IGP pone de relieve la relación entre la región geográfica específica y el nombre del producto, cuando una calidad, reputación u otra característica particular sea atribuible esencialmente a su origen geográfico», e «Indicación Geográfica» de bebidas espirituosas y vinos aromatizados» (IG) – «La IG protege el nombre de una bebida espirituosa o vino aromatizado originario de un país, región o localidad cuando la calidad, reputación u otra característica particular del producto sea atribuible esencialmente a su origen geográfico». [75]
  3. “Especialidades tradicionales garantizadas” (ETG) – “Las especialidades tradicionales garantizadas (ETG) resaltan los aspectos tradicionales, como la forma de elaboración del producto o su composición, sin estar vinculadas a una zona geográfica específica. El registro del nombre de un producto como ETG lo protege contra la falsificación y el uso indebido.” [75]

Cada una de las categorías está representada por un sello y, cuando la denominación ha sido autorizada según la normativa de la UE, los productores de vino tienen derecho a mostrar el sello correspondiente en su etiquetado. En lo que respecta a la industria vinícola de Portugal, los informes indican que la mayoría de los productores siguen utilizando únicamente las categorías de denominación internas del país en sus etiquetas.

Dado que el Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, IP (Instituto de la Vid y el Vino o IVV) [76] de Portugal, que opera bajo la supervisión del actualmente llamado Ministério da Agricultura (Ministerio de Agricultura), utiliza únicamente la terminología de denominación de origen de la UE, las tablas siguientes están configuradas de la misma manera, excepto cuando son necesarias alternativas.

Listas de variedades de uva para vino

Para una explicación de las técnicas utilizadas para la investigación de la estructura genética de una variedad y la determinación de su pedigrí, véase Myles et al. "Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape" [Estructura genética e historia de la domesticación de la uva]. [77]

Variedades tintas

Abreviaturas

White varieties

Abbreviations

Other recommended lists

Notes

  1. ^ One source says,

    "The USA is the world's largest wine market, with the largest population of regular wine drinkers and the largest amount of imported wine (by value). The still wine market is around 360 million cases per annum and is forecast to grow to approximately 368 million cases by 2023."[5]

  2. ^ Conducted in the Douro region, the report includes the following summary of findings:

    "The results show that some farmers' vineyards have a low efficiency level and that there are essential determinants of the production system, which can influence its efficiency. This suggests considerable opportunities for improvement of wine grape productivity through better use of available resources considering the state of technology."[6]

  3. ^ Portugal's total wine exports for 2018-2019 were worth US$919,737,000 as of the date of the report, constituting 2.5% of the total world exports. In the list of the world's largest wine exporters, Portugal was ranked in order behind France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Chile, the United States, New Zealand and Germany.[8]
  4. ^ The relevance of prime names and synonyms to wine labelling is explored in an article by Australian economist and educationist, Professor Eddie Oczkowski.[13] Oczkowski is Professor of Applied Economics and Quantitative Methods in the Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences, based in the Wagga Wagga Campus of Australia's Charles Sturt University. His field of expertise is applied econometrics with an emphasis on wine pricing, limited dependent variables, modelling markets for agricultural products and structural equation modelling applications to marketing and management. One of his major developments was the Australian Wine Price Calculator, a tool for identifying under- and over- priced wines for consumers.[14]
  5. ^ In this revealing essay, the author explores the consequences of a variety having more than one name. A number of varieties discussed here are being grown in Portugal.[23]
  6. ^ Manseng Noir[26] is now officially listed in CAN[27] as Espadeiro Mole.[28]
  7. ^ This report from Wine Australia shows how Gros Manseng[33] was misidentified there as Petit Manseng.[34][35]
  8. ^ In this report, the authors explain why vines growing in different parts of Georgia were being identified as the same variety and the process by which they were finally found to be distinctly different varieties.[36]
  9. ^ Mislabelling can occur for many reasons including the grower's or winemaker's confusion about the identity of the grapes used in a wine's production. There are also cases where this has been carried out deliberately and has led to criminal charges being laid against the perpetrators. This news report focuses on such an event in France.[37]
  10. ^ As indicated, the DOC system also protects the origin and quality of other products including cheeses, butters, meats, breads, fruits and vegetables.[67]
  11. ^ Cunha et al. say, "The oldest archeological remains of grapevine seeds in Portugal date back from the Chalcolithic (circa 3350–2250 BCE)."[68]
  12. ^ VIVC records there being 19.08 ha planted in Portugal in 1999.[81] According to Robinson et al., by 2010 the total area is 320 ha, and made specific mention of its authorization for use in PGI Açores and that it is being used as a blend in the making of table wine on Pico.[82] WPL cites a source saying the total planting in 2016 was 299 ha.[83]
  13. ^ Robinson et al. say this variety is found "mainly in the Bairrada and Lisboa regions."[82]
  14. ^ Robinson et al. reported the total planting in 2010 as 1,492 ha.[82] which, according to WPL's source had increased to 1,860 ha by 2016.[103] It is not surprising, then, to read this opinion:

    "This cultivar and their progenies represent about 15% of the total grapevine acreage in Portugal, stressing the importance of 'Alfrocheiro' in the Portuguese wine character."[104]

  15. ^ Robinson et al . noted Portugal's planting in 2010 as 2,203 ha[82]
  16. ^ Robinson et al. say, "It has been a victim of changes in consumer preferences and total Portuguese plantings were just 67 ha (166 acres) by 2010, although there has been recent renewed interest for the production of rosé.”[82]
  17. ^ Robinson et al. reported the 2010 planting as 123 ha,[82] although Anderson et al. had seen reports of only 92 ha.[10]
  18. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Santa Marinha de Zêzere in the municipality of Baião in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p.55)[54]
  19. ^ VIVC lists Gouveio as a variety in its own right[154] whereas WPL lists it only as a synonym for Godello.[155]
  20. ^ VIVC lists Bastardinho as a variety in its own right but provides little else except saying that Bastardo[156] is its synonym. It has no listing under Tinta Bastardinha.[157] IVV does not list Bastardinho as a distinct variety and its only mention of Tinta Bastardinha is as a synonym for Alfrocheiro Preto.[91][158] WPL also says that Tinta Bastardinha is a synonym for Alfrocheiro Preto.[159]
  21. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its own right but provides little other information.[160] No other references have been located.
  22. ^ WPL says that "when only "Bastardo" is mentioned, it is often not clear which grape variety is actually involved: Alfrocheiro[91] (i.e. Bastardo Negro, Bastardo Tinto, Tinta Bastardinha), Bastardo Branco (also Bastardo Branca), Bastardo Magarachsky (also Bastard de Magaraci), Bastardo Roxo - Mutation of Trousseau Noir, Bastartiko - Clone of Promara Castelão Francês (i.e. Bastardo Castico, Bastardo Espanhol), Graciano (i.e. Bastardo Nero), Monvedro (also Bastardão, Bastardo), Parraleta[15] (i.e. Bastardão, Bastardo), Tinta de Lisboa (i.e. B. do Outeiro, B. Espanhol Cova Beira, B. Espanhol Noir, B. Tinto) or Trousseau Noir (i.e. Bastardo, Bastardillo Chico, Bastardinha, Bastardinho)."[161] An amusing but inconclusive investigation of the true identity of Bastardo varieties can be found in an essay entitled "Who ya gonna call? Those bastards!".[162]
  23. ^ Under the category "Bastardo", VIVC complicates establishing this grape's identity by listing four with the cultivar name Bastardo Espanhol and two as Bastardo Espanhol Noir. Two of these are paralleled with the prime name Bastardo Espanhol, three with Tinta de Lisboa, and one with Castelão.[167] By contrast, WPL lists Bastardo Espanhol only as a synonym for Castelão Francês and Tinta de Lisboa.[168][169]
  24. ^ VIVC lists the established parentage as Hebén x Trousseau Noir = Bastardo.
  25. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Gagos (the report lists this as "Gagos de Cima") in the municipality of Celorico de Basto in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p.55)[54]
  26. ^ According to VIVC, Portugal's planting of Borraçal decreased dramatically from 2035.12 hectares in 1999 to 1275 ha in 2007 and 187 ha in 2010.[176]
  27. ^ With the breeder listed by VIVC as "A. Cabral",[184] this person could have been José A.S. Cabral, staff member of the Universidade do Porto (University of Porto), or another member of the Douro winemaking Cabral family. This requires validation.
  28. ^ VIVC[197] lists this as a variety in its own right whereas WPL[198] mentions it only as being the synonym for Baga and Cayetana Blanca.
  29. ^ FPS advises, "This selection came to Foundation Plant Services in 2005 from Jorge Böhm,[206] Viveiros Plansel S.A., Portugal. The material was JPB clone 74. The original material underwent microshoot tip tissue culture therapy at FPS in 2005. When the selection was released from quarantine in 2007, the original material received the name Castelão 01. The version of the clone that had undergone tissue culture therapy was simultaneously planted in the Classic Foundation Vineyard as a backup vine to Castelão 01. The name of the selection was changed in 2008 to Castelão PLANSEL 74 to reflect the name of the Plansel clone number. When the Russell Ranch Vineyard was established in 2011, the backup vine that had undergone tissue culture therapy was tested and qualified for that vineyard, where it was planted as Castelão 74.1. After being a proprietary selection for some years, Castelão 74 and 74.1 were released to the FPS public grapevine collection in 2019."[207]
  30. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its own right but provides little additional information.[208] WPL says it is a synonym for Castelão Francês (ie Castelão) and Trincadeira Preta.[30])
  31. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Marrancos in the municipality of Vila Verde in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p.55)[54]
  32. ^ WPL reported that there were tiny quantities planted in the Trás-os-Montes area and cited a source saying that only 0.1 ha was reported in 2016.[226]
  33. ^ WPL cited a source saying that 34 ha were reported in 2016.[228]
  34. ^ VIVC[26] and WPL[28] both identify Espadeiro Mole as a synonym for the French variety Manseng Noir. Espadeiro says Espadeiro Mole is one of "several variants in the Espadeiro family of grapes."
  35. ^ In Wine Grapes, Robinson points out that Trincadeiro is called Espadeiro in the Setúbal region and Padeiro is sometimes called Espadeiro in Minho.[231] WPL says this variety "must not be confused with Camaraou Noir, Manseng Noir (both from France), Padeiro, Trincadeira Preta or Vinhão (all five with the synonym Espadeiro), despite the fact that they seem to be synonyms or morphological similarities."[32]
  36. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its own right but provides little additional information.[232] In addition, VIVC lists Verdelho Tinto as a variety in its own right with Verdelho Feijão as a synonym,[233] and Verdelho Feijão as a variety in its own right with Feijão as a synonym.[234] A search under Verdelho Feijão on WPL[235] draws a response which includes the statement, "Synonym (also Feijao) for the grape variety Verdelho Tinto", while a search under Verdelho Tinto[236] draws a response saying, "The red grape variety originates from Portugal. Synonyms are Feijao, Mindeco, Miudesso and Verdelho Feijão." This evidence suggests that Feijoa, Verdial Feijão and Verdial Tinto are different names for the same variety. On this basis, the three will be conflated on this table under the name Verdelho Tinto.
  37. ^ This listing of Ferral with Ahmeur Bou Ahmeur as a synonym is based on recent studies by Cunha et al. published as "A identidade das castas."[27] in which "Ferral (Rg)" is identified under "Nome da casta (cor do bago)" (Variety name (berry color)) and "Ahmeur Bou Ahmeur" is shown under "Nome principal" (Primary name) as being identical. VIVC[238] and WPL[239] both continue to list Ferral and Ahmeur Bou Ahmeur as distinct, unrelated varieties.
  38. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its own right but provides little information about it.[242] WPL says it originated from Portugal, that "nothing is known about a possible relationship to other varieties with the Folgasão part of the name," and cites a source saying that no plantings were reported in 2016.[243]
  39. ^ Although this variety's skin colour ranges from rose pink to red, the juice is used for making white wines only and most sources list it as being a white grape variety. For example, see WPL, "Gewürtztraminer."[251]
  40. ^ Verdelho says this variety is often confused with Gouveio in the Douro valley. WPL warn that it should not be confused with Godello (Gouveio), Gouveio Estimado or Gouveio Real, despite the shared synonyms or morphological similarities.[256]
  41. ^ WPL says this is grown "in tiny quantities in the Trás-os-Montes" region and cites a source saying only 0.5 ha was reported in 2016.[256]
  42. ^ Evidence suggests that Jacquez vines originated from the USA and were planted at Madeira late in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Its use became more widespread after Madeira's original vine plantings were largely destroyed, first by an infestation in 1851 by the powdery mildew Uncinula necator, followed in the 1870s by the vine louse Phylloxera vastatrix. As a result, wine production decreased to almost nothing, many Madeirans migrated elsewhere, and while research was underway to find preventatives for phylloxera, the old varieties were replaced largely by disease-resistant hybrid and American vines including Jacquez. This led to a brief revival of Madeira's wine output, but to the detriment of its reputation because the wines made from these grapes did not match the standards of the earlier era. Thus, from the middle of the 20th century, the "replacement" vines were ripped out and the so-called "noble grape" varieties such as Sercial, Verdelho, Boal and Malvasia were planted in their place. Small plantings of Jacquez remain on Madeira but they do not appear to be in commercial use.[265]
  43. ^ Many of the synonyms used for Jaen are also used for Mencía, and vice versa, including the name Mencía itself appearing here among the synonyms. This suggests that, despite the fact that each has different parentage, the two varieties must be very similar and have often been confused with each other. Noting the confusion, WPL says Jaen "must not be confused with the Mencía variety (Jaén Tinto), despite the fact that the synonyms or morphological similarities appear to indicate this."[267]
  44. ^ Not to be confused with Lambrusco, a grape variety widely used in Italy although it has also been planted in Argentina, Australia and Spain.
  45. ^ WPL says this variety is also being grown in the Vinho Verde region. It cites a source saying the total planting in all regions in 2016 was 79 ha.[269]
  46. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Quinchães (the report incorrectly says "Queijães") in the municipality of Fafe in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p.55)[54]
  47. ^ Evidence shows that Malbec in being grown in the Pinhão Valley area of the Douro region and is being blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and is being labelled as a "Vinho Regional Duriense".[277]
  48. ^ According to research findings summarised by VIVC[287] Mário Feld has been assessed as a cultivar name for Pinot Noir.[19] The original research report can be found at.[288]
  49. ^ WPL warns that Mencía "must not be confused with the varieties Juan García, Jaén Tinto and Loureiro Tinto, despite the fact that synonyms or morphological similarities appear to indicate this."[292] Comments under "Mencia" also note the confusion of identity that has reflected itself in the synonyms: "Over the years, Mencía has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Fernão Pires Tinta, Giao, Jaén, Loureiro Tinto, Mencin, Negra, Negro, Mencia Roble, Tinto Mencia and Tinto Mollar. It is known as Jaén colorado in León, not to be confused with Jaén blanco or Jaén rosado (both of which are variants of Cayetana) and Jaén tinto, from Huelva."
  50. ^ WPL ("Mourisco.") says this is a synonym for Marufo,[153] Mourisco de Semente,[309] Palomino[310] and Tinta Castañal.[202] As advised by Cunha et al., Castañal is registered in CAN under the name Mourisco.[311]
  51. ^ WPL cites a source saying that no plantings were reported in 2016.[316]
  52. ^ VIVC lists Pagadividas as a variety in its own right and Paga Divida as a synonym.[317] WPL does not list Pagadividas but has entry for Paga Divida[318] which it says is a synonym for Baga.[62][319]
  53. ^ In the past this variety has been classified as a Rabo de Anho[340] cultivar, but this research program identified this as being incorrect, explaining why it has been listed here as a new genotype. (pp. 55-56)[54] The variety is not listed by VIVC, and WPL says it is a synonym for Negramoll.[342]
  54. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Ancede in the municipality of Baião in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p.55)[54]
  55. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Gagos (the report lists this as "Gagos de Cima") in the municipality of Celorico de Basto in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p. 55)[54]
  56. ^ FPS advises, "This selection was imported to Davis in 1984 by Dr. Harold Olmo (Professor, UC Davis) from the Regua Agricultural Station in the Douro region of Portugal. The original material was named Souzão II and was infected with leafroll virus. The selection underwent microshoot tip tissue culture therapy at FPS in 2007 and successfully completed testing to qualify for the Russell Ranch Foundation Vineyard in 2013."[357] As this variety came from Douro and the date of its importation to UC Davis predated the genetic studies carried out by Castro et al.([51]) it seems likely that Souzão 02.1 is actually related to Vinhão.[31]
  57. ^ VIVC's records say that this variety was bred in 1948 by Ferreira de Almeida and José Leão at the former Estação Agronómica Nacional (National Agronomic Station), Quinta do Marques, Portugal. Its current use is unrecorded. (Estação Agronómica Nacional.)
  58. ^ VIVC lists Tinta Fontes as a variety in its own right.[365] WPL lists Tinta de Fontes as a synonym for Graciano.[366]
  59. ^ Parraleta, VIVC[15] and WPL[16] all indicate that Tinta Lameira is a synonym for Parraleta, the Spanish name for what is now listed in CAN as Tinta Caiada. DNA tests in Portugal, Sardinia and Spain on what were originally thought to be different varieties showed that Tinta Caiada, Tinta Lameira and Parraleta were identical. However, in this table Tinta Lameira has been listed separately from Tinta Caiada because some regions have appellation rights with EU under the name Tinta Caiada while Península de Setúbal has rights under both names, and Douro only has rights under Tinta Lameira.
  60. ^ Neither VIVC nor WPL list the variety.
  61. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its own right with unknown parentage,[375] whereas WPL says it is synonymous with Petit Bouschet with a parentage of Aramon Noir x Teinturier du Cher[376] Under "Tintinha - Red", Wine & Winemakers says, "Tintinha is an unusual and very particular Portuguese grape variety. The true origin is uncertain since it is both synonym for Petit Bouschet and the name of a distinct variety whose DNA profile in Almadanim et al. (2004) is unique."[377] Because this variety has PDO and PGI appellations with EU under its own name, in this table Tintinha is being interpreted as a distinct variety as described in VIVC's entry.
  62. ^ This variety was discovered in the former parish of Bairros in the municipality of Castelo de Paiva in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p. 55)[54]
  63. ^ WPL cites a source saying that no plantings were reported in 2016.[388]
  64. ^ VIVC says there were 73 ha planted in Portugal in 1989.[81]
  65. ^ WPL says DNA testing shows that this variety has a close relationship with Loureiro[407][408]
  66. ^ While VIVC lists this as a variety in its own right,[420] WPL lists it only as a synonym for Sercial[406] and Terrantez da Terceira.[22]
  67. ^ This variety was discovered in the parish of Refojos de Riba de Ave in the municipality of Santo Tirso in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p. 55)[54]
  68. ^ The exact identity of this Pinot has not been established; but considering that Branco Especial is a white variety and its second parent, Schiava Grossa is a red, the first parent could be assumed to be Pinot Blanc.[21]
  69. ^ WPL says this variety was "cultivated in tiny amounts in the Centro and Norte regions" and cited a source saying that 0.2 ha of vines were reported in 2016.[453]
  70. ^ WPL says this variety possibly originated from Portugal and cites a source saying that 0.5 ha were reported in 2016.[460]
  71. ^ WPL says this variety is grown in the Vinho Verde region but cites a source saying that no stocks were reported in 2016.[462]
  72. ^ WPL cites a report saying that no planting were reported in 2016.[469]
  73. ^ The actual identity of Diagalves is confused by contradictory notes from different sources. VIVC does not list a white variety under the name Diagalves, but the option arises under the name Montúa[221] where Diagalves is listed as a synonym.[221] They this variety originated in Spain. WPL lists Diagalves which the say originated in Portugal and list a number of synonyms identical to VIVC's list for Montúa, and including Montúa itself which they say is the "second main name."[478] Because of confusion arising from the sharing of synonyms with other varieties, WPL goes on to warn that Diagalves "should not be confused with either Beba (Eva)[435] or Malvasia Fina[150] (Diagalves) "despite seemingly suggestive synonyms or morphological similarities." As far as Portugal's official listing of varieties is concerned, the findings of Cunha et al. was that the Spanish variety Mantúo (only listed by VIVC as a synonym for Montúa and by WPL[479] as a synonym for "Beba,[480] Chelva[481] and Diagalves[478]) was equivalent to Montúa.
  74. ^ WPL points out that this variety's former name "Arinto do Douro or Arinto no Douro was changed to Dorinto (combination of Douro and Arinto) to avoid confusion."[485]
  75. ^ VIVC has two listings, Esgana Cão and Esgana Cão dos Vinhos Verdes, either of which could be relevant to a report on new genotypes identified in the Vinhos Verdes region.[54] The report itself lists the variety as Esgana Cão (p. 55) and its relevance might depend on whether there are two distinct varieties or whether Esgana Cão dos Vinhos Verdes is an unrecognised synonym for Esgana Cão.
  76. ^ A variety listed as Esgana Cão was discovered in the former parish of Oleiros (the report lists this as "Gagos de Cima") in the municipality of Ponte da Barca in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p.55).[54] It is unclear whether this refers to this variety or to Esgana Cão dos Vinhos Verdes.
  77. ^ VIVC has two listings, Esgana Cão and Esgana Cão dos Vinhos Verdes, either of which could be relevant to a report on new genotypes identified in the Vinhos Verdes region.[54] The report itself lists the variety as Esgana Cão (p. 55) and its relevance might depend on whether there are two distinct varieties or whether Esgana Cão dos Vinhos Verdes is an unrecognised synonym for Esgana Cão.
  78. ^ A variety listed as Esgana Cão was discovered in the former parish of Oleiros (the report lists this as "Gagos de Cima") in the municipality of Ponte da Barca in the Vinhos Verdes region. (p. 55)[54] It is unclear whether this refers to this variety or Esgana Cão.
  79. ^ VIVC lists Esganinho[491] as a variety in its own right, whereas WPL says it is a synonym for Sercial.[406][492]
  80. ^ VIVC lists Esganoso as a variety in its own right[490] whereas WPL lists it only as a synonym for Esganoso de Ponte de Lima and Sercial.[406][493]
  81. ^ VIVC lists Esganoso de Ponte de Lima as a synonym for Esganoso,[490] whereas WPL lists it as a variety in its own right.[494]
  82. ^ According to VIVC, the planting of Galego Dourado in Portugal has declined from 10 ha in 2007 to 6 ha in 2010.[500] Robinson et al. say it still manages to thrive on the east coast but link its decline in the Lisboa region to "severe urban encroachment on its vineyards.”[501]
  83. ^ VIVC lists Gouveio as a variety in its own right,[154] whereas WPL says it is the synonym for Godello.[155]
  84. ^ WPL advises, "Despite apparently indicative synonyms or morphological similarities, it should not be confused with the varieties Godello (Gouveio), Gouveio Preto or Gouveio Real."[505]
  85. ^ WPL advises, "Despite apparently indicative synonyms or morphological similarities, it should not be confused with the varieties Godello (Gouveio), Gouveio Estimado or Verdelho."[507]
  86. ^ Relevant to this listing, WPL says Malvasia is the short name for Malvasia de Colares and points out that it unrelated to all other varieties whose names include the word Malvasia.[515]
  87. ^ WPL says the variety grows "exclusively in the Colares area northwest of Lisbon" and cites a source saying 1,031 ha were reported in 2010.[515]
  88. ^ Malvasia Babosa was once grown on Madeira where its nickname was "Lazy Malmsey". According to one source, it was introduced to the islands in 1515 but is no longer cultivated there.[516]
  89. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its right,[517] whereas WPL raises doubts about whether there is an independent variety of this name.[518]
  90. ^ VIVC,[310] WPL[527] and Palomino all list this variety as a synonym for Palomino. Malvasia says under the heading "Portuguese varieties", "Malvasia Rei is believed to be the Palomino grown in Spain for Sherry production which may be related to the Malvasia family. In Portugal, Malvasia Rei is grown in the Douro, Beiras and Lisboa region." Because this variety is widely called Malvasia Rei in Portugal and therefore a number of regions have listed it under this name through EU's certification system, with regard to those regions, the variety will be listed here under this name.
  91. ^ Pictorial evidence and its caption shows the variety growing at Herdade do Esporão, Évora, in the Alentejo region.[533]
  92. ^ VIVC lists this as a variety in its right,[544] whereas WPL raises doubts about whether there is an independent variety of this name,[518] whereas WPL says it is a synonym for Malvasia Rei and Pedro Ximénez.[545]
  93. ^ Whether Doña Blanca is a unique variety or a synonym for Síria appears to be a matter of debate. One source says,Doña Blanca is an obscure white grape variety used in the production of White Port and, less frequently, dry table wines. It finds its home on the northwestern corner of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the vineyards of northern Portugal and Galicia in Spain."[556] Doña Blanca seems to be suggesting wider usage in Portugal: "Doña Blanca (Spanish "White Lady", also known as Dona Branca in Portuguese) is a white Spanish and Portuguese grape variety that is grown … throughout Portugal from the Douro northward." WPL does not treat Doña Blanca as a variety in its own right[557] but as a synonym of Síria.[558] In IVV's "Lista da Castas: Castas Brancas" there is no listing of Dona Branca under its own name, but it is mentioned as a Sinónimo Reconhecido (Recognised Synonym) of Folha de Figueira[559] There is no mention of it against Síria.
  94. ^ VIVC lists this as Branco Gouvães[449] with Touriga Branca as a synonym.[449]
  95. ^ The warning from WPL is that Touriga Branca[404] "must not be confused with the other Touriga varieties[563] or Planta Nova (Alvarelhão Branco),[405][546] despite the fact that the synonyms and morphological similarities seem to indicate this."
  96. ^ WPL said the variety was being grown in small quantities in the Centro and Norte regions and cited a source saying that there were 0.4 ha reported in 2016.[565]
  97. ^ FPS advises, "This white wine grape selection was donated to the Foundation Plant Services public grapevine collection in 2007 by Jorge Böhm,[206] Viveiros Plansel S.A., Portugal. It is JPB clone 300 from Madeira. The original plant material tested positive for virus and underwent microshoot tip tissue culture therapy at FPS in 2008. The treated material qualified for the California Grapevine Registration & Certification Program in 2012 as Verdelho 11."[571]
  98. ^ FPS advises, "This white wine grape selection was donated to the Foundation Plant Services public grapevine collection in 2007 by Jorge Böhm,[206] Viveiros Plansel S.A., Portugal. It is JPB clone 300. The original plant material tested positive for virus and underwent microshoot tip tissue culture therapy at FPS in 2008. The treated material qualified for the FPS foundation vineyard in 2012 as Verdelho 11.1. The treated material also successfully completed testing to qualify for the Russell Ranch Foundation Vineyard in 2014."[571]
  99. ^ FPS advises, "This white wine selection was donated to the public grapevine collection at Foundation Plant Services in 2007 by Jorge Böhm,[206] Viveiros Plansel S.A., in Portugal. The material is JBP clone 300 from Madeira. The original material tested positive for virus and underwent microshoot tip tissue culture therapy at FPS in 2008. This selection was planted as a backup selection to Verdelho 11 once disease testing was completed in 2012. The name for the selection was changed in 2014 when the material successfully passed 2010 Protocol testing for Russell Ranch. There are vines in the Classic Foundation Vineyard for Verdelho 11.2."[571]

References

  1. ^ a b VIVC, "Cabernet Sauvignon"
  2. ^ a b VIVC, "Chardonnay Blanc"
  3. ^ a b c VIVC, "Semillon"
  4. ^ 2020 Wine Production: First Estimates. 27 October 2020. International Organisation of Vine and Wine. p. 4. Available online at [1]
  5. ^ "Market Insights – The United States." Market Insights. Wine Australia. Accessed 10 January 2021
  6. ^ Santos, Micael Queiroga dos, Xosé Antón Rodríguez, Ana Alexandra Marta-Costa. "Efficiency analysis of viticulture systems in the Portuguese Douro region." International Journal of Wine Business Research, Vol 32 No 4, 2020. pp. 573-591.[2] Available online at ResearchGate. [3] Accessed 1 February 2021.
  7. ^ "Wine Exports 2019." Archived 2020-12-05 at the Wayback Machine Wines of Portugal. Accessed 7 January 2021.
  8. ^ Workman, Daniel. "Wine Exports by Country 2019." World's Top Exports. Accessed 7 January 2021.
  9. ^ Maul, Erika, et al. Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC). Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants.[4] Accessed 23 February 2020.
  10. ^ a b Anderson, Kym, and Signe Nelgen. Which Winegrape is Grown Where?: A Global Empirical Picture, Revised Edition. Edited by Kym Anderson and N R Aryal. University of Adelaide Press, 2020. ISBN 978-1-925261-86-8 Published online 2020.[5] ISBN 978-1-925261-87-5. Accessed 2 February 2021.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h VIVC, "Aragonez"
  12. ^ "WPL, "Aragonez"". Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  13. ^ Oczkowski, Eddie. "The strategic use of synonyms for varietal names in labelling." Winetitles Media, November 2018. Accessed 27 December 2020.
  14. ^ Professor Eddie Oczkowski, Charles Sturt University
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j VIVC, "Parraleta"
  16. ^ a b c WPL, "Tinta Lameira"
  17. ^ WPL, "Parraleta"
  18. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Chasselas Blanc"
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h VIVC, "Pinot Noir"
  20. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Moscatel Galego Branco"
  21. ^ a b c VIVC, "Pinot Blanc"
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p VIVC, "Arinto"
  23. ^ Krebiehl, Anne. "What Does it Mean When the Same Grape has Different Names?" Wine Basics. WineEnthusiasts, 27 March 2018. Accessed 23 January 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Espadeiro Tinto"
  25. ^ VIVC, "Camaraou Noir"
  26. ^ a b VIVC, "Manseng Noir"
  27. ^ a b Cunha, et al. "A identidade das castas", p. 22.[6])
  28. ^ a b c d e WPL, "Espadeiro Mole"
  29. ^ a b c VIVC, "Padeiro"
  30. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Trincadeira"
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q VIVC, "Vinhão"
  32. ^ a b WPL, "Espadeiro"
  33. ^ VIVC, "Manseng Gros Blanc"
  34. ^ VIVC, "Manseng Petit Blanc"
  35. ^ "Grape variety misidentified." Wine Australia, 2020. Accessed 23 January 2021.
  36. ^ Maghradze, David, Londa Mamasakhlisashvili and Erika Maul. "Clarification of homonymy (misnaming) for a grapevine cultivar in Georgia: the case of 'Moldova' alias 'Aladasturi.'" Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research. Vol. 54 (Special Issue), 2015. pp. 73–76.
  37. ^ Fichot, Nicolas. "French traders sentenced for mislabeling wine." Reuters Lifestyle, 18 February 2010. Accessed 23 January 2021
  38. ^ a b c Cunha, Jorge Manuel Martins, João Brazão, Francisco Baeta, José Eduardo Eiras-Dias. Coleção Ampelográfica Nacional: uma “ferramenta” indispensável à preservação e ao melhoramento de variedades autóctones de videira (National Ampelographic Collection: an indispensable “tool” for the preserving and improving of indigenous grape varieties). Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research or INIAV), January/February/March 2020. pp. 25-28. Available online at [7]. Accessed 1 January 2021.
  39. ^ a b c Cunha, Jorge Manuel Martins, Margarida Teixeira Santos, João Brazão and José Eduardo Eiras-Dias. Coleção Ampelográfica Nacional: Preservação do património varietal de Vitis vinifera L. (National Ampelographic Collection: Preservation of the varietal heritage of Vitis vinifera L.). Paper given at the 9º Simpósio de Vitivinicultura do Alentejo (9th Alentejo Viticulture Symposium), Évora, Portugal on 15–17 May 2013. Available online at ResearchGate. [8] Accessed 28 December 2020.
  40. ^ Cunha, Jorge Manuel Martins, João Brazão, Margarida Teixeira-Santos, José Eduardo Eiras-Dias, P. Fevereiro, Jose Miguel Martinez-Zapater, et al. A identidade das castas de videira portuguesas aptas à produção de vinho no contexto ibérico e europeu. O uso de marcadores moleculares do tipo SNP para a sua discriminação (The identity of Portuguese grape varieties suitable for wine production in the Iberian and European context. The use of molecular markers of the SNP type for their discrimination). Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinãria (National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research or INIAV), January/February/March 2017. pp. 18-25. Available online at [9]. Accessed 24 December 2020.
  41. ^ a b c Eiras-Dias, José Eduardo. "20 Anos de ampelográphia em Portugal" (20 Years of ampelography in Portugal). Vine to Wine Circle. Accessed 29 January 2021.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y VIVC, "Castelão"
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n VIVC, "Fernão Pires"
  44. ^ a b MADRP, Ordinance No 428/2000, Diário da República n.º 163/2000, Série I-B de 2000-07-17.[10] Accessed 26 December 2020.
  45. ^ a b c d "Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Videira" (National Catalogue of Vine Varieties (NCVV). Direção-Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Ministério da Agricultura, Florestas e Desenvolvimento Rural (Directorate-General for Food and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development). 2017.[11] Archived 2020-06-17 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 18 January 2021.
  46. ^ Under "Holding institutions (institute codes)" on VIVC listings, the code "PRT051" indicates that this variety is at "Estaçao Vitivinicola Nacional, EVN - INIAP Quinta da Almoinha", meaning that it is represented in CAN's holdings.
  47. ^ Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding of Grapes. 2nd edition. Edited by Anne-Francoise Adam-Blondon, Jose-Miguel Martinez-Zapater and Chittaranjan Kole. CRC Press, 2016. ISBN 9781439871997.
  48. ^ Castro, Isauro, Olinda Pinto-Carnide, Jesús-María Ortiz, Vanessa Ferreira and Juan Pedro Martín. "A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Portuguese grape germplasm from ampelographic collections fit for quality wine production." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2016. pp. 1-11. [12] Available online at ResearchGate. [13] Accessed 3 January 2021.
  49. ^ Castro et al., "A comparative analysis", Abstract.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i VIVC, "Sezão"
  51. ^ a b Castro et al., "A comparative analysis", p. 8.
  52. ^ Sefc, Kristina M, Ivan Pejić, Edi Maletić, Mark R Thomas and François Lefort."Microsatellite Markers for Grapevine: Tools for Cultivar Identification & Pedigree Construction." Kalliopi Roubelakis-Angelakis, K. (ed.) Grapevine Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology. Springer Science, 2009. pp. 565-596. Available online at ResearchGate. [14] Accessed 2 February 2021.
  53. ^ a b Veloso, Manuela, Maria Cecilia Almadanim Pina, Margarida Baleiras-Couto, José Eduardo Eiras-Dias. "Microsatellite database of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars used for wine production in Portugal." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola, Vol. 25 No 2, January 2010. pp. 53-56. Available online from ResearchGate at [15] Accessed 29 January 2021.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Ferreira, Vanessa, Olinda Pinto-Carnide, Teresa Mota, Juan Pedro Martin, Jésus M Ortiz and Isaura Castro. "Identification of minority grapevine cultivars from Vinhos Verdes Portuguese DOC Region." Vitis, Vol. 54 (Special edition), 2015. Available on ResearchGate at [16] Accessed 1 February 2021.
  55. ^ "The presence of ancient Vitis Sylvestris cultivars in Iberia." Vine to Wine Circle. Accessed 7 February 2021.
  56. ^ Cunha, Jorge Manuel Martins, Margarida Teixeira Santos, Luciana Cavalcante Carneiro, Pedro Fevereiro and José Eduardo Eiras-Dias. "Portuguese traditional grapevine cultivars and wild vines (Vitis vinifera L.) share morphological and genetic traits." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol 56 No 7, November 2009. pp. 975-989. Available onable at ResearchGate. [17] DOI:10.1007/s10722-009-9416-4. Accessed 7 February 2021.
  57. ^ Cunha, Jorge Manuel Martins, João Brazão, Margarida Teixeira-Santos, José Eduardo Eiras-Dias, P. Fevereiro, Jose Miguel Martinez-Zapater, et al. "A identidade das castas de videira portuguesas aptas à produção de vinho no contexto ibérico e europeu. O uso de marcadores moleculares do tipo SNP para a sua discriminação" (The identity of Portuguese grape varieties suitable for wine production in the Iberian and European context. The use of molecular markers of the SNP type for their discrimination), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinãria (National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research or INIAV), January/February/March 2017. p. 18. Available online at [18]. Accessed 24 December 2020.)
  58. ^ Institute of Vine and Wine (IVV) Accessed 26 December 2020.
  59. ^ Cunha et al. "A identidade das castas", p. 18.
  60. ^ a b c d e f g VIVC, "Alvarinho"
  61. ^ a b VIVC, "Antão Vaz"
  62. ^ a b c d e f g VIVC, "Baga"
  63. ^ a b c VIVC, "Tinta Barroca"
  64. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Tinto Cão"
  65. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Touriga Franca"
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h VIVC, "Touriga Nacional"
  67. ^ Oliveira, Joana de Moura L B. Denominação de Origem e Indicações Geográficas - protecção e impacto socio-económico. (Denomination of Origin and Geographical Indications - protection and socio-economic impact). Post-Graduation in Economics and Industrial Property Management, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (Lisbon School of Economics and Management or IEG), Lisbon. May 2010.[19] Accessed 29 October 2020.
  68. ^ Cunha, Manuel Martins, Javier Ibáñez, Margarida Teixeira-Santos1, João Brazão, Pedro Fevereiro, José Miguel Martínez-Zapater and José Eduard Eiras‐Dias. "Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm." Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11, 5 March 2020. p. 127. Available online at [20]. Accessed 29 January 2021.
  69. ^ As noted by Wein.Plus, Germany, France, Italy and Spain had similar systems. (Tischelmayer, "VQPRD.")
  70. ^ CatoVino. "Interpreting the Portuguese Wine Label." Accessed 2 November 2020.
  71. ^ "Official Wine Categories." Wines of Portugal, 2020. Accessed 5 March 2020.
  72. ^ "Council Regulation (EEC) No 208. (Document L:1992:208:TOC)" Official Journal of the European Communities, L 208, 24 July 1992.[21] Accessed 29 October 2020. ISSN 0378-6978.
  73. ^ European Commission. "Certification." Accessed 17 December 2020.
  74. ^ The parallels between Portugal's internal system and EU's is explained in Wines of Portugal's "Official Wine Categories." Accessed 5 March 2020.
  75. ^ a b c d European Commission. "Aims of EU quality schemes"
  76. ^ Quem somos (Who we are). Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho. Accessed 16 February 2020.
  77. ^ Myles, Sean, Adam R Boyko, et al. "Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape." Edited by Barbara A Schaal. PNAS Journal, Vol 108/9, 1 March 2011. pp. 3530-3535. Online at /9/3530.full.pdf. Accessed 8 August 2020.
  78. ^ a b "FPS Grape Registry: Grapevine Varieties." Foundation Plant Services, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis. Accessed 23 February 2020.
  79. ^ a b Tischelmayer, Norbert, et al. "Lexicon." Wein.Plus, [22] Accessed 20 February 2020.
  80. ^ VIVC, "Agronómica"
  81. ^ a b VIVC, "Areas by countries - Portugal"
  82. ^ a b c d e f Robinson, Jancis, Julia Harding and José Vouillamoz. Wine Grapes: A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavors. HarperCollins, 2012. ISBN 9781846144462. Access available online at Apple Books. - grapes / id582875915 ISBN 9780062325518. Accessed 20 February 2020. (NB When viewing this text online, the page numbering varies depending on the settings in View. All grape varieties are listed alphabetically and the location of individual varieties can be searched at "“ Varieties in Alphabetical Order ”.)
  83. ^ WPL, "Agronómica"
  84. ^ VIVC, "Agua Santa"
  85. ^ a b VIVC, "Camarate Tinto"
  86. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm IVV, “IG“ Beira Atlântico ”.”
  87. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by IVV, “IG” Terras do Dão ”.”
  88. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Ferral"
  89. ^ a b VIVC, "Alcoa"
  90. ^ a b VIVC, "Fepiro"
  91. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w VIVC, "Alfrocheiro"
  92. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l VIVC, "Savagnin Blanc"
  93. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf IVV, ”PDO" Alentejo "."
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y IVV, “DOP“ Bairrada ”.”
  95. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj IVV, “DOP“ DoTejo ”.”
  96. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci IVV, “IPG“ Lisboa ”.”
  97. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br IVV, “IGP“ Lisboa - Alta - Estremadura ”.”
  98. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag IVV, “DOP“ Encostas D'Aire ”.”
  99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck IVV, “IGP“ Lisboa - Estremadura ”.”
  100. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj IVV, ”IGP“ Minho ”.”
  101. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn IVV, "IGP" Península de Setúbal "."
  102. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj IVV, “IGP“ Tejo ”.”
  103. ^ WPL, "Alfrocheiro"
  104. ^ Jorge Cunha, Lalla Hasna Zinelabidine, Margarida Teixeira - Santos, Joáo S Brazãoi, Pedro Fevereiro, 4), José Miguel Martínez - Zapater, Javier Ibáñez and José Eduard Eiras - Dias. "Grapevine cultivar 'Alfrocheiro' or 'Bruñal' plays a primary role in the relationship among Iberian grapevines." Vitis , Vol 5454 (Special Issue), 2015. p. 65. Available online at ResearchGate. [23] Accessed 4 February 2021.
  105. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o VIVC, "Alicante Henri Bouschet"
  106. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Garnacha Tinta"
  107. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Bouschet Petit"
  108. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x IVV, “DOP“ Tavira ”.”
  109. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh IVV, "PDO" Douro "."
  110. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q IVV, “DOP“ Lagoa ”.”
  111. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o IVV, “DOP “Lagos”.”
  112. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab IVV, “DOP“ Alenquer ”. ”
  113. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w IVV, “DOP“ Alenquer ”.”
  114. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj IVV, “DOP“ Óbidos ”.”
  115. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y IVV, “DOP“ Torres Vedras ”.”
  116. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae IVV, “DOP“ Palmela ”.”
  117. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o IVV, “DOP“ Portimão ”.”
  118. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax IVV, “IPG" Transmontano ”. ”
  119. ^ IVV, “PDO” Trás - os - Montes ”.”
  120. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa IVV, “PDO” Trás - os - Montes - Chaves ”.”
  121. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x IVV, “PDO" Trás - os - Montes - Planalto Mirandês ”.”
  122. ^ VIVC, "Alvar Roxo"
  123. ^ a b c d e f g VIVIC, "Alvarelhão"
  124. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o IVV, ”PDO “Vinho Verde”.”
  125. ^ a b c d e f g IVV, “DOP “Baião”.”
  126. ^ VIVC, "Alvarelhão Ceitão"
  127. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac VIVC, "Hebén"
  128. ^ VIVC, "Alvarelhão de Pé Vermelho"
  129. ^ a b c d e f g h VIVC, "Amaral"
  130. ^ a b c d e f g h Vinho Verde - Amarante PDO (IVV, “DOP “Amarante”.”[24])
  131. ^ a b c d e f g h IVV, “DOP “Ave”.”
  132. ^ a b c d e f g h i j IVV, “DOP “Basto”.”
  133. ^ a b c d e f g h Vinho Verde - Cávado PDO (IVV, “DOP “Cávado”.”[25])
  134. ^ a b c d e f g Vinho Verde - Paiva PDO (IVV, “DOP “Paiva”.”[26])
  135. ^ a b c d e f g h i Vinho Verde - Sousa PDO (IVV, “DOP “Sousa”.”[27])
  136. ^ VIVC, "Amaral de Baião"
  137. ^ a b c VIVC, "Aramon Noir"
  138. ^ VIVC, "Ouliven"
  139. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k VIVC, "Heunisch Weiß"
  140. ^ VIVC, "Amostrinah"
  141. ^ a b VIVC, "Preto Martinho"
  142. ^ a b c d e IVV, "DOP "Carcavelos"."
  143. ^ VIVC, "Albillo Mayor"
  144. ^ VIVC, "Benedicto"
  145. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an IVV, “PGI ”Duriense”.”
  146. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac IVV, DOP "Porto".
  147. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q IVV, “DOP “Setúbal”.”
  148. ^ a b c VIVC, "Listán Prieto"
  149. ^ a b VIVC, "Aubun"
  150. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u VIVC, "MalvasiaFina"
  151. ^ a b c VIVC, "Barca"
  152. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Barreto"
  153. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s VIVC, "Marufo"
  154. ^ a b c d e f g VIVC, "Gouveio"
  155. ^ a b WPL, "Gouveio"
  156. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Trousseau Noir"
  157. ^ VIVC, "Bastardinho"
  158. ^ IVV, "Castas Tintas e Rosadas"
  159. ^ WPL, "Tinta bastardinha"
  160. ^ VIVC, "Bastardinho do Porto"
  161. ^ WPL, "Bastardo"
  162. ^ Nickles, Jane. "Who ya gonna call? Those bastards!" The Bubbly Professor. 23 August 2020.
  163. ^ a b c d e f g h i IVV, “DOP “Madeira”.”
  164. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y IVV, “DOP “Madeirense”.”
  165. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u IVV, “PDO ”Trás-os-Montes - Valpaços”.”[28])
  166. ^ a b VIVC, "Bastardo Espanhol"
  167. ^ VIVC, "Bastardo"
  168. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Tinta de Lisboa"
  169. ^ WPL, "Bastardo Espanhol"
  170. ^ a b VIVC, "Benfica"
  171. ^ a b VIVC, "Portugieser Blau"
  172. ^ VIVC, "Bogalhal"
  173. ^ a b c VIVC, "Monvedro"
  174. ^ a b c d e f g VIVC, "Borraçal"
  175. ^ a b c d e f VVI, "Vinho Verde - Lima”.”
  176. ^ VIVC, "Areas by countries - Portugal"
  177. ^ a b VIVC, "Teinturier"
  178. ^ VIVC, "Branjo"
  179. ^ a b c VIVC, "Cabernet Franc"
  180. ^ a b VIVC, "Sauvignon Blanc"
  181. ^ VIVC, "Cabinda"
  182. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Grand Noir"
  183. ^ VIVC, "Cabral." Not to be confused with Malvasia Cabral. (VIVC, "Malvasia Cabral.")
  184. ^ VIVC, "Cabral"
  185. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Cainho da Terra"
  186. ^ VIVC, "Cainho Preto"
  187. ^ VIVC, "Caladoc"
  188. ^ a b VIVC, "Côt"
  189. ^ VIVC, "Calrão"
  190. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u VIVC, "Cayetana Blanca"
  191. ^ VIVC, "Camarate Vermelho"
  192. ^ a b c VIVC, "Jampal"
  193. ^ WPL cites a source saying no plantings were reported in 2016. (WPL, "Camarate Vermelho"
  194. ^ VIVC, "Campánario"
  195. ^ a b VIVC, "Preto Cardana"
  196. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Carignan Noir"
  197. ^ a b VIVC, "Carrasquenho"
  198. ^ WPL, "Carrasquenho"
  199. ^ VIVC, "Carrega Burros"
  200. ^ a b VIVC, "Carrega Tinto"
  201. ^ VIVC, "Casculho"
  202. ^ a b c VIVC, "Castañal"
  203. ^ a b c WPL, "Mourisco"
  204. ^ VIVC, "Castelã"
  205. ^ a b c IVV, “DOP “Colares”.”
  206. ^ a b c d Felicity Carter. "Quinta da Plansel: Head over heels in love with Portugal." Families of Wine. Meininger Verlag, 2015. pp. 66-67. Online at [29]. In English. Accessed 13 January 2021.
  207. ^ FPS, "Grape Variety: Castelão"
  208. ^ VIVC, "Castico Preto"
  209. ^ VIVC, "Casteloa"
  210. ^ a b VIVC, "Cidadelhe"
  211. ^ VIVC, "Cidreiro"
  212. ^ VIVC, "Cinsaut"
  213. ^ a b VIVC, "Coração de Galo"
  214. ^ VIVC, "Complexa"
  215. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Muscat Hamburg"
  216. ^ VIVC, "Concieira"
  217. ^ a b VIVC, "Ramisco"
  218. ^ VIVC, "Cornifesto"
  219. ^ a b VIVC, "Rayada Melonara"
  220. ^ VIVC, "Deliciosa"
  221. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o VIVC, "Montua"
  222. ^ a b VIVC, "Doce"
  223. ^ a b VIVC, "Doçal Tinto"
  224. ^ VIVC, "Doçália"
  225. ^ VIVC, "Donzelinho Roxo"
  226. ^ WPL, "Donzelinho Roxo"
  227. ^ VIVC, "Donzelinho Tinto"
  228. ^ WPL, "Donzelinho Tinto"
  229. ^ a b VIVC, "Durif"
  230. ^ a b VIVC, "Engomada"
  231. ^ Robinson, et al. "Espadeiro."' Wine Grapes.
  232. ^ VIVC, "Feijão"
  233. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Verdelho Tinto"
  234. ^ VIVC, "Verdelho Feijão"
  235. ^ WPL, "Verdelho Fejão"
  236. ^ WPL, "Verdelho Tinto"
  237. ^ VIVC, "Fernão Pires Rosada"
  238. ^ VIVC, "Ahmeur Bou Ahmeur"
  239. ^ WPL, "Ahmeur Bou Ahmeur"
  240. ^ VIVC, "Breval Negro"
  241. ^ VIVC, "Ferral Tamara"
  242. ^ VIVC, "Folgasão Preto"
  243. ^ WPL, "Folgasão Preto"
  244. ^ VIVC, "Folgasão Roxo"
  245. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Folgasão"
  246. ^ VIVC, "Formosa"
  247. ^ VIVC, Schiava Grossa"
  248. ^ VIVC, "Delizia di Vaprio"
  249. ^ a b VIVC, "Galego Dourado Tinto"
  250. ^ a b c VIVC, "Gewuerztraminer"
  251. ^ WPL, "Gewürztraminer"
  252. ^ VIVC, "Gonçalo Pires"
  253. ^ For the origin of this name, see "A Grape By Any Other Name". Vinography: a wine blog, 2014. Accessed 25 February 2020.
  254. ^ a b c VIVC, "Mouraton"
  255. ^ a b VIVC, "Gouveio Preto"
  256. ^ a b WPL, "Gouveio Preto"
  257. ^ VIVC, "Gouveio Roxo"
  258. ^ a b c VIVC, "Graciano"
  259. ^ a b VIVC, "Tinta da Graciosa"
  260. ^ VIVC, "Grangeal"
  261. ^ a b VIVC, "Grec Rouge"
  262. ^ WPL, "Grossa"
  263. ^ a b VIVC, "Jacquez"
  264. ^ "Taxon: Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera cv. Linné." Genetic and Genomic Information System. Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (Genomics Research Unit Information or URGI).[30] Accessed 30 November 2020.
  265. ^ Rodrigues, Jeronimo. A view into the grapevine history of Jacquez and its connection to the Madeira Islands – Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet franc is a possible parent of Jacquez. 2016. Available online at ResearchGate. [31] Accessed 30 November 2020
  266. ^ a b VIVC, "Jaén Tinto"
  267. ^ WPL, "Jaén Tinto"
  268. ^ VIVC, "Labrusco"
  269. ^ WPL, "Labrusco"
  270. ^ VIVC, "Listrão Roxo"
  271. ^ VIVC, "Lourela"
  272. ^ VIVC, "Loureiro Bravo"
  273. ^ VIVC, "Lusitano"
  274. ^ a b VIVC, "Malandra"
  275. ^ a b VIVC, "Magdeleine Noire des Charentes"
  276. ^ VIVC, "Prunelard"
  277. ^ Ahmed, Sarah. "First taste: Quinta do Portal Black Pur 2012 – a Duriense Malbec/Cabernet." The Wine Detective, 2015. Accessed 19 January 2021.
  278. ^ VIVC, "Malvarisco"
  279. ^ a b The word "Malvasia" is derived from the Greek word "Μονεμβασιά" (Monemvasia), the name of a Peloponnese island off the coast of Laconia, Greece. The Italians called the island Malvasia. In the 10th century it became a fortress island, and by the mid-14th century it had been developed into a major shipping port under the influence of Venetian traders. Wines known interchangeably as Malvasia, Malvazia and Malmsey ("malmsey" being a late Middle English word derived from the Middle Dutch word "malemeseye", which in turn was derived from the Old French word "monemvasia" (the same source of the Old French word "malvesie" which became "malvoisie" in modern usage)) were a large part of the exports handled through the island. Made from grapes belonging to the Malvasia family, some was produced on the island itself, butmost was made in Crete from where that family is thought to have originated. Many other wines from the eastern parts of the Mediterranean and further afield were also shipped through the port. Monemvasia's role in wine exporting rose and fell from time to time depending on political upheaval in the surrounding region and finally came to an end in the late 18th century. By that stage, Madeira had taken over as the renowned source of Malmsey wines also Malvasia varieties we being grown elsewhere in Portugal. A wine called Μαλβαζία or Malvasia is still produced on the island and has a PDO appellation. (Kalligas, Haris A. Monemvasia: A Byzantine City State. Routledge, 2010. ISBN 978-0-415-24880-8.)
  280. ^ VIVC, "Malvasia Cabral"
  281. ^ VIVC, "Malvasia di Sardegna Rosada"
  282. ^ VIVC, "Malvasia Fina Roxa"
  283. ^ VIVC, "Malvasia Preta." WPL comments that Malvasia Preta is "one of the many mostly unrelated varieties associated with the name Malvasia." (WPL, "Malvasia Preta"
  284. ^ VIVC lists Malvasia Rei Tinta as a variety in its own right (VIVC, "Malvasia Rei Tinta.") but it is not listed by WPL either under its own name or as a synonym for another variety.
  285. ^ a b VIVC, "Trigueira"
  286. ^ VIVC, "Manteúdo Preto"
  287. ^ VIVC, "Prime names," p. 3.
  288. ^ Veloso, Manuela, Maria Cecilia Almadanim Pina, M Margarida Baleiras-Couto, José Eduardo Eiras-Dias et al. "Microsatellite database of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars used for wine production in Portugal." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola, Vol. 25 No. 2, 2010. pp. 53-61. Online in English at [32]. ISSN 0254-0223. Accessed 23 January 2021.
  289. ^ VIVC, "Melhorio"
  290. ^ a b VIVC, "Melra"
  291. ^ VIVC, "Mencia"
  292. ^ WPL, "Mencía"
  293. ^ a b VIVC, "Patorra"
  294. ^ VIVC, "Merlot Noir"
  295. ^ VIVC, "Mindelo"
  296. ^ WPL lists the pedigree as "(Tintinha = Petit Bouschet x João de Santarém = Castelão Francês) x Muscat d'Hamburg" (See WPL, "Mindelo.")
  297. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Molar"
  298. ^ a b c d e f g h VIVC, "Mollar Cano"
  299. ^ Autoctovíno lists Mondet as a "rare grape". ("Mondet." Accessed 3 November 2020.)
  300. ^ a b VIVC, "Mondeuse Noire"
  301. ^ VIVC, "Monvedro de Sines"
  302. ^ VIVC, "Moreto"
  303. ^ Castas portuguesas (Portuguese grape varieties) lists Moreto both as a separate variety and as a synonym for Malvasia Preta.
  304. ^ a b VIVC, "Moscargo"
  305. ^ VIVC, "Moscatel de Bago Miúdo Tinto"
  306. ^ a b c VIVC, "Muscat à Petits Grains Rouge"
  307. ^ a b VIVC, "Moscatel Galego Tinto"
  308. ^ a b VIVC, "Muscat à Petits Grains Blancs"
  309. ^ a b VIVC, "Mourisco de Semente"
  310. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l VIVC, "Palomino Fino"
  311. ^ Cunha et al., "A identidade das castas", p. 23.
  312. ^ WPL cites a source saying no plantings were reported in 2010.(WPL, "Tinta Castañal.")
  313. ^ VIVC, "Mourisco de Trevões"
  314. ^ VIVC, "Mulata"
  315. ^ VIVC, "Nevoeira"
  316. ^ WPL, "Nevoeira"
  317. ^ VIVC, "Pagadividas"
  318. ^ WPL, "Paga Divida"
  319. ^ WPL, "Baga"
  320. ^ VIVC, "Palomino Negro"
  321. ^ VIVC, "Pampal Gira"
  322. ^ VIVC, "Pardo Verdelho"
  323. ^ VIVC, "Parreira Matias"
  324. ^ VIVC, "Airén"
  325. ^ VIVC, "Pé Agudo"
  326. ^ According to WPL, Pégudo is also a synonym for Pedral. (WPL, "Pedral.")
  327. ^ VIVC, "Pechim"
  328. ^ VIVC, "Pedral"
  329. ^ a b VIVC, "Peloursin"
  330. ^ a b c VIVC, "Rufete"
  331. ^ VIVC, "Pêro Pinhão"
  332. ^ a b VIVC, "Verdot Petit"
  333. ^ VIVC, "Péxem"
  334. ^ a b VIVC, "Piquepoul Noir"
  335. ^ VIVC, "Pilongo"
  336. ^ VIVC, "Pinot Gris"
  337. ^ Although this variety's fruit has a bluish-grey skin, it is only used for making white wines. (Robinson, "Pinot Grigio.")
  338. ^ VIVC, "Primavera"
  339. ^ a b VIVC, "Primitivo"
  340. ^ a b VIVC, "Rabo de Anho"
  341. ^ VIVC, "Rabo de Lobo"
  342. ^ WPL, "Rabo de Ovelha Tinto"
  343. ^ a b VIVC, "Ricoca"
  344. ^ VIVC, "Roal"
  345. ^ a b VIVC, "Mondeuse Blanche"
  346. ^ VIVC, "Tressot Noir"
  347. ^ a b VIVC, "Roseira"
  348. ^ VIVC, "Perepinhao Portalegre"
  349. ^ VIVC, "Samarim"
  350. ^ VIVC, "Samarrinho Tinto"
  351. ^ VIVC, "Santarena"
  352. ^ VIVC, "Étraire de la Dui"
  353. ^ "Região Vitiníncola: Duriense (Douro e Porto)." Vine to Wine Circle
  354. ^ VIVC, "Corbeau"
  355. ^ a b VIVC, "Syrah"
  356. ^ VIVC, "Sousão Galego"
  357. ^ FPS, "Grape Variety: Souzão"
  358. ^ VIVC, "Dureza"
  359. ^ VIVC, "Tannat"
  360. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Águiar"
  361. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Aurélio"
  362. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Pomar"
  363. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Carvalha"
  364. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m VIVC, "Siria"
  365. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Fontes"
  366. ^ WPL, "Tinta de Fontes"
  367. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Francisca"
  368. ^ a b VIVC, "Tinta Martins"
  369. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Mesquita"
  370. ^ VIVC, "Prieto Picudo Tinto"
  371. ^ a b VIVC, "TintaPomar"
  372. ^ VIVC, "Tinta Pereira"
  373. ^ VIVC, "Tinta de Tabuaço"
  374. ^ a b VIVC, "Valdosa"
  375. ^ VIVC, "Tintinha"
  376. ^ WPL, "Tintinha"
  377. ^ "Tintinha - Red." Wine & Winemakers
  378. ^ VIVC, "Tinto de Pegões"
  379. ^ a b VIVC, "Verdial Tinto"
  380. ^ VIVC, "Tinto Sem Nome"
  381. ^ VIVC, "Touriga Fêmea"
  382. ^ VIVC, "Transâncora"
  383. ^ WPL says this variety was grown in the Beira Interior and Trás-os-Montes regions and cites a source saying there were 10 ha reported in 2016. (WPL, "Malvasia Trigueira")
  384. ^ VIVC, "Triunfo"
  385. ^ VIVC, "Valbom"
  386. ^ VIVC, "Varejoa"
  387. ^ VIVC, "Verdelho Quelho"
  388. ^ WPL, "Verdial Tinto"
  389. ^ VIVC, "Xara"
  390. ^ VIVC, "Zé do Telheiro"
  391. ^ VIVC, "Abelhal"
  392. ^ VIVC, "Academica"
  393. ^ VIVC, "Agulha"
  394. ^ a b c VIVC, "Sultana Moscato"
  395. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k VIVC, "Trebbiano Toscano"
  396. ^ a b VIVC, "Planta Fina"
  397. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Boal de Alicante Moscatel"
  398. ^ VIVC, "Almafra"
  399. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Dedo de Dama"
  400. ^ VIVC, "Alvadurão"
  401. ^ VIVC, "Alvar Branco"
  402. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Batoca"
  403. ^ VIVC, "Alvarega"
  404. ^ a b c d WPL, "Touriga Branca"
  405. ^ a b VIVC, "Planta Nova"
  406. ^ a b c d e f g h i VIVC, "Sercial"
  407. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Loureiro Blanco"
  408. ^ WPL, "Alvarinho"
  409. ^ IVV, "DOP "Monção e Melgaço"."
  410. ^ a b VIVC, "Alvarinho Lilás"
  411. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Uva Cão"
  412. ^ VIVC, "João Domingos"
  413. ^ a b c Açores - Biscoitoc PDO (IVV, “DOP “Biscoitos”.”[33])
  414. ^ a b c d e (IVV, "DOP "Graciosa"."[34])
  415. ^ a b c Açores - Pico PDO (IVV, “DOP “Pico”.”[35])
  416. ^ a b c IVV, “DOP “Bucelas”.”
  417. ^ a b c VIVC, "Dorinto"
  418. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Bical"
  419. ^ a b c VIVC, "Arinto do Interior"
  420. ^ VIVC, "Arinto dos Açores"
  421. ^ WPL, "Arinto dos Açores"
  422. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Tamarez"
  423. ^ VIVC, "Arnsburger"
  424. ^ VIVC, "Assaraka"
  425. ^ VIVC, "Chaouch Blanc"
  426. ^ VIVC, "Avesso"
  427. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Azal Branco"
  428. ^ VIVC, "Azal StoTirso"
  429. ^ a b VIVC, "Malvasia Babosa"
  430. ^ a b VIVC, "Folha de Figueira"
  431. ^ VIVC, "Barcelo"
  432. ^ a b c VIVC, "Carrega Branco"
  433. ^ VIVC, "Bastardo Branco"
  434. ^ a b VIVC, "Boal Espinho"
  435. ^ a b c VIVC, "Beba"
  436. ^ a b c VIVC, "Boal Branco"
  437. ^ VIVC, "Boal Barriero"
  438. ^ The exact variety is uncertain, but WPL suggests it may be Boal Branco. (WPL, "Boal de Alicante Moscatel")
  439. ^ a b c d e f g h i VIVC, "Muscat of Alexandria"
  440. ^ a b VIVC, "Santoal"
  441. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Ratinho"
  442. ^ a b VIVC, "Boal Vencedor"
  443. ^ VIVC, "Branca de Anadia"
  444. ^ a b VIVC, "Branco Guimarães"
  445. ^ VIVC, "Branco Desconhecido"
  446. ^ a b c VIVC, "Pintosa"
  447. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Madeleine Royale"
  448. ^ VIVC, "Schiava Grossa"
  449. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Branco Gouvães"
  450. ^ a b c d e f VIVC, "Rabigato"
  451. ^ a b c VIVC, "Castellana Blanca"
  452. ^ VIVC, "Branco Sr. João"
  453. ^ WPL, "Branco Sr. João"
  454. ^ a b c VIVC, "Lameiro"
  455. ^ a b c VIVC, "Branda"
  456. ^ a b c VIVC, "Samarrinho"
  457. ^ VIVC, "Caíño Blanco"
  458. ^ VIVC, "Caracol"
  459. ^ VIVC, "Luglienga Bianca"
  460. ^ WPL, "Caraméla"
  461. ^ VIVC, "Cascal"
  462. ^ WPL, "Cascal"
  463. ^ a b c VIVC, "Terrantes du Dão"
  464. ^ VIVC, "Castália"
  465. ^ VIVC, "Castelão Branco"
  466. ^ VIVC, "Castelo Branco"
  467. ^ VIVC, "Cerceal Branco"
  468. ^ VIVC, "Cercial"
  469. ^ WPL, "Cercial"
  470. ^ a b VIVC, "Chasselas Cioutat"
  471. ^ VIVC, "Chasselas Sabor"
  472. ^ a b VIVC, "Chenin Blanc"
  473. ^ VIVC, "Côdega do Larinho"
  474. ^ VIVC, "Colombard"
  475. ^ VIVC, "Cornichon Blanc"
  476. ^ VIVC, "Corval"
  477. ^ VIVC, "Dika II"
  478. ^ a b WPL, "Diagalves"
  479. ^ WPL, "Mantúo"
  480. ^ WPL, "Beba"
  481. ^ WPL, "Chelva"
  482. ^ VIVC, "Diagalves Faux"
  483. ^ VIVC, "Dona Joaquina"
  484. ^ VIVC, "Donzelinho Branco"
  485. ^ WPL, "Dorinto"
  486. ^ VIVC, "Douradinha"
  487. ^ VIVC, "Encruzado"
  488. ^ VIVC, "Esgana Cão"
  489. ^ VIVC, "Esgana Cão dos Vinhos Verdes"
  490. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Esganoso"
  491. ^ a b VIVC, "Esganinho"
  492. ^ WPL, "Esganinho"
  493. ^ WPL, "Esganoso"
  494. ^ a b c WPL, "Esganoso de Ponte de Lima"
  495. ^ WPL says it was cultivated in the Douro and Vinho Verde regions but cited a source saying no plantings were recorded in 2016.
  496. ^ a b c VIVC, "Estreito Macio"
  497. ^ a b c VIVC, "Malvasia Parda"
  498. ^ VIVC, "Fonte Cal"
  499. ^ VIVC, "Galego Dourado"
  500. ^ VIVC, "Area by countries - Portugal"
  501. ^ Robinson, et al. "Galego Dorado." Wine Grapes.
  502. ^ VIVC, "Generosa"
  503. ^ Not to be confused with a Hungarian variety also called Generosa which has a rosé berry skin. (VIVC, "Generosa")
  504. ^ VIVC, "Gouveio Estimado"
  505. ^ WPL, "Gouveio Estimado"
  506. ^ VIVC, "Gouveio Real"
  507. ^ WPL, "Gouveio Real"
  508. ^ VIVC, "Granho"
  509. ^ a b c VIVC, "Gros Vert Blanc"
  510. ^ VIVC, "Jacquere"
  511. ^ VIVC, "Larião"
  512. ^ VIVC, "Laira"
  513. ^ VIVC lists Luzidio as a variety in its own right (VIVC, "Luzidio") whereas WPL says it is a synonym for Lameiro (WPL, "Luzidio").
  514. ^ a b c VIVC, "Malvasia"
  515. ^ a b WPL, "Malvasia de Colares"
  516. ^ Mayson, Richard. Madeira: The Islands and their Wines. Infinite Ideas, 2016. p. 46. ISBN 9781908984647.
  517. ^ VIVC, "Malvasia Bianca"
  518. ^ a b WPL, "Malvasia Bianca"
  519. ^ VIVC, "Malvasia Aromatica di Parma"
  520. ^ a b VIVC, "Malvasia Branca de São Jorge"
  521. ^ a b c VIVC, "Malvasia Cândida"
  522. ^ a b VIVC, "Malvasia Cândida Romana"
  523. ^ a b VIVC, "Malvasia Romana"
  524. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Vital"
  525. ^ a b VIVC, "Malvoeira"
  526. ^ a b VIVC, "Malvia"
  527. ^ WPL, "Malvasia Rei"
  528. ^ a b VIVC, "Manteúdo"
  529. ^ VIVC, "Marquinhas"
  530. ^ a b c d e VIVC, "Rabo de Ovelha"
  531. ^ a b VIVC, "Meslier Saint-François"
  532. ^ VIVC, "Molinha Macia"
  533. ^ Silva, José. "Esporão, an Alentejo Classic." Translated by Jani Dunne. Blend - All About Wine.
  534. ^ a b VIVC, "Moscatel Nunes"
  535. ^ a b c VIVC, "Trajadura"
  536. ^ VIVC, "Mueller Thurgau Weiss"
  537. ^ a b VIVC, "Riesling Weiß"
  538. ^ a b VIVC, "Heptakilo"
  539. ^ VIVC, "Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc"
  540. ^ VIVC, "Naia"
  541. ^ a b VIVC, "Nehelescol"
  542. ^ VIVC, "Bourboulenc"
  543. ^ VIVC, "Perigo"
  544. ^ VIVC, "Perrum Branco"
  545. ^ WPL, "Perrum"
  546. ^ a b WPL, "Planta Nova"
  547. ^ VIVC, "Rojal Tinta"
  548. ^ VIVC, "Praça"
  549. ^ VIVC, "Rabigato Moreno"
  550. ^ VIVC, "Rio Grande"
  551. ^ a b VIVC, "Roupeiro Branco"
  552. ^ VIVC, "Sabro"
  553. ^ VIVC, "São Mamede"
  554. ^ VIVC "Seara Nova"
  555. ^ VIVC, "Sercealinho"
  556. ^ Kavanagh, Tom, et al. "Doña Blanca." Grape Varieties, Wine-Searcher [36]. Accessed:February 25, 2020.
  557. ^ WPL, "Doña Blanca"
  558. ^ WPL, "Síria"
  559. ^ IVV, "Lista da Castas: Castas Brancas"
  560. ^ a b c VIVC, "Trincadeira das Pratas"
  561. ^ VIVC, "Tamarez Moscatel"
  562. ^ VIVC, "Terrantez do Pico"
  563. ^ WPL, "Touriga"
  564. ^ VIVC, "Trincadeira Branca"
  565. ^ WPL, "Uva Cão"
  566. ^ VIVC, "Uva Cavaco"
  567. ^ Raymond, Louis. "Parseley-leaved Grape." Archived 2016-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Louis the Plant Geek. Accessed 6 December 2020.
  568. ^ VIVC, "Uva sem Bagulho"
  569. ^ VIVC, "Valveirinho"
  570. ^ a b c d VIVC, "Verdelho Branco"
  571. ^ a b c FPS, "Grape Variety: Verdelho"
  572. ^ VIVC, "Alva Verdial"
  573. ^ VIVC, "Viognier"
  574. ^ VIVC, "Viosinho"
  575. ^ Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, I.P.', Ministério da Agricultura, Lisboa (Institute of Wine and Wine, IP, Ministry of Agriculture, Lisbon). (In Portuguese)[37]

Supplemental references used for charts

Bibliography

External links