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Madonna (nickname)

Many artists have been labelled with Madonna-associated nicknames, some of whom are self-declared such as (from left to right) Rihanna as the "Black Madonna",[1] Miley Cyrus as the "Next Madonna",[2] and Alisha Chinai as the "Madonna of India".[3]

In a multi-decades long period, many individuals, mostly female singers received a nickname associated with the name of the American singer-songwriter Madonna (born 1958). Simultaneously, several artists have been identified with the same nickname, and many others have received more than one.

Moniker's visibility is found in devoted articles from publications like Billboard discussing what it means to be a Madonna while others discussed why there exists many artists with the label. Music critic Steven Hyden explains she was often regarded as an archetype in female popular music. Reviewers often addressed comparisons from different measurements and generally all sorts of positive things attributed to the original Madonna.

The label became visible in the profile of various performers, to which some of them have responded with mixed comments towards the moniker and comparisons with Madonna. Others declared themselves as such or wanted to be a Madonna and media followed suit. More than one performer in the late 20th century, were planned or slightly promoted as a Madonna in their debut by their record labels, according to some of them or media outlets. In the early 21st century, music journalism and authors set a race to find "Madonna's successor", calling in the journey to various as the "next" or "new Madonna". Madonna herself labeled Kanye West either as the "new" or "Black Madonna". References of the label are found in some musical pieces, including songs' titles, or a mention in Eminem's "Fubba U cubba cubba".

Context

Critical and media attention

You've probably noticed that around the year 2000 the music press began the hunt for the Next Madonna. The original has had a solid thirty-year run as arguably the most successful female pop star in the world, but now the world seems ready for a newer model...
What does it mean to call someone the Next Madonna? How will we recognize the Next Madonna when we see her? And what is the old Madonna to do when we force her to retire?

—Courtney E. Smith in Record Collecting For Girls (2011) discussing the press coverage on this[4]

The nicknames appeared as soon Madonna gained international recognition, commonly dated in 1985. Perhaps one of the first artists who received a Madonna-related moniker was Marie Osmond whom Los Angeles Times named her the "Mormon Madonna" in 1985.[5] Many of the Madonna-associated nicknames in the career of several individuals derived from comparison. Taking Britney Spears as example, Canadian philosopher Paul Thagard explained that "when people say that [Spears] is the new Madonna, they do not literally mean that [she] is Madonna. Rather, they are pointing out some systematic similarities between the two".[6] In 2006, Dorian Lynskey from The Guardian felt and commented that "most female pop stars try to emulate Madonna at some point".[7] French academic Georges-Claude Guilbert wrote in Madonna as Postmodern Myth (2002), "the press never stops comparing female singers to Madonna".[8] The Sydney Morning Herald's Christine Sams similarly commented in 2013: "In the music industry, there have long been comparisons to Madonna thrown around - a pop single here, a fashion look there".[9] In 2011, while commenting the comparison Lady Gaga has faced with Madonna, Rolling Stone staffers said Madonna "it's a hard shadow to escape".[10]

In early 2010s, Dutch academics from University of Amsterdam commented female artists "are very often measured against the yardstick that Madonna has become".[11] In 2021, biographers Isa Muguruza and Los Prieto Flores commented that every so often "there is a Mexican, a Latina Madonna and even a Black Madonna" because "she transcended her own figure" and she became in "almost a powerful adjective that translates into a way of doing things".[12] American music critic Steven Hyden opined that "Madonna is regarded as an archetype for pop singers, an example to follow to immortality. If you can change it up like Madonna, maybe you can be Madonna".[13] In 2014, Orlando Sentinel music critic Jim Abbott describe New Madonna as "a necessary pop-culture occupation if ever there was one... [whose] job descriptions are constantly changing."[14] Meanwhile, Reyhan Harmanci from San Francisco Chronicle described this trend:

For decades now, the media have been on a quest to anoint "the next Madonna." A quick Google search unearths more than 79,000 hits for that phrase -- everyone from Rosie Perez to Rihanna has been mentioned. Madonna herself has participated in the search from time to time, while still making albums, releasing videos, bedding young models, scaring the world with the tightest quads in the music business -- in general, still being Madonna... Who knew that mental stability was in the job description to replace Madonna?[15]

Aspects

At one time, critics "often compared" to Madonna several artists. From pop stars such as Gwen Stefani (left) to opera singers such as Katherine Jenkins (right).[16][17]

Beyond comparisons, some media outlets described the reason of calling a performer a Madonna. In 2017, while reviewing Rihanna as the "Black Madonna", Billboard devoted its article explaining what it means be a Madonna. They explained a Madonna has "to assume the role of a commander standing at the frontlines for womanhood", as well "the controversial complexities of human sexuality, despite the inevitable backlash to ensue" to further add a Madonna has "to be a trend-setter" and a muse for producers, songwriters, fashion designers or directors alike and match both her record sales or achievements.[1] Sams, while compared also Rihanna's multi-metric achievements with that of Madonna in her article "Rihanna the new Madonna? In her own way" for The Sydney Morning Herald in 2013, referred, "encompass the scope and success, and global fame of Madonna? That's another league entirely".[9]

In his explanation while mentioned Gaga, Reyhan Harmanci from San Francisco Chronicle saw her as the closer example "than any past wannabes, to further adds aspects such as "iconic style" and "staying power".[15] About her, according to author Tim Delaney (2015), "most popular culture analysts view Lady Gaga as the new Madonna"[15] Others similar claims included "popularity". Is the case of Aidin Vaziri of the same publication regarding the Iranian singer Googoosh,[18] or authors of Encyclopedia of African Peoples and Billboard with Oumou Sangaré ("Madonna of Mali").[19] Madonna-like impact was also a source for other outlets to call a Madonna other non-pop musicians. This was the case of Cecilia Bartoli and her impact in the classical music stage.[20] Bartoli herself, called Malibran as the "Madonna of her age".[20] While there exists many other reasons, other group called Madonna to artists like Anita Mui with descriptions such as reinvention of image, behavior and boldness. Thus Richard Corliss from Time attributed to Mui, the nickname because "her boldness was not just a sensation but an affront" in the world of Hong Kong popular music.[21]

Sourcing and scope

Nicknames related to Madonna have been found in publications outside music world. An example is US-government agency USGPO referring to Nune Yesayan as the "Armenian Madonna" in 1999.[22]

The label was used by mass media, outside of music-related publications. A performer like Mylène Farmer have even their Madonna-associated nickname in their biography profile by their record label (Universal Music France).[23] Media often described it as a "nickname", "moniker" or "title" using descriptions such as "dubbed", "named", "widely", "sometimes", "frequently", "known", "hailed" or "branded" by "many" or "by some". Such illustrative examples of previous claims include film director Deeyah Khan to singers Anitta, Brenda Fassie, Mylène Farmer, Pandora and Anita Mui from an array sources such as The Independent, The Guardian, BBC News, News24, Billboard and O Globo among many others.[24][25][26][27][23][28][29][30] Korean Broadcasting System commented with Uhm Jung-hwa, that she is "often praised" as "the Korean Madonna".[31]

Some nicknames, however, were applied in a determined region, or from an international perspective instead of their own country or vice versa. In Russia Beyond, Vasily Shumov wrote the examples of Russian female pop singers, explaining they don't have an "equivalent" Russian female musician with famous West music figures such as Madonna.[32] Conversely, many Russian female singers were called a Madonna by overseas press, from Alla Pugacheva to Anna Netrebko and Irene Nelson among many others.[33][34][35] In 2004, two articles from Czech newspaper Mladá fronta DNES similarly discussed they still missing to have a national-equivalent Madonna (Česká Madonna). Names proposed ranged from Anna K, Dara Rolins to Helena Vondráčková, Petra Janů and Bára Basiková among others. With Vondráčková it was said that "would not be out of the question in the future";[36][37] in Basiková's case, Czech website Musicserver discussed her possibility.[38] In Latvia, journalist and founder of Mikrofona ieraksti, Elita Mīlgrāve told Baltic News Network, that they don't have a "Latvian Madonna" but they might have one day.[39]

Cases like Natalia Oreiro were associated with a Madonna-moniker but applied to the region where she was popular despite her cultural roots. She was called such as "Eastern European Madonna", "Argentine Madonna" or a "Russian Madonna" due her success in the latter country.[40] Similarly, American-born singers like Selena and Lisa Lisa, were called "Mexican Madonna" or "Hispanic Madonna".[41][42] In Selena's case, according to authors of Afterlife as Afterimage: Understanding Posthumous Fame (2005) it was "presumably to provide a vivid referent to non-Latinos".[41]

Many individuals declared themselves as to be a Madonna or wanted to be one, while media outlets followed suit in many of them. Courtney E. Smith includes Miley Cyrus, Rihanna, and Avril Lavigne as examples.[4] Others such as Pixie Lott, Christina Aguilera and Wendy Sulca have also declared wanted to be a Madonna at some stage of their career.[43][44][45] Sulca reminded that many artists want to be a Madonna.[45] Another example is Jamaican singer Tifa, who declared wanted to be the "Jamaican Madonna".[46][47] In 2007, Soraya Arnelas declared not be ready to be a Madonna but almost a decade later, in 2016, she described herself as the "Spanish Madonna".[48][49] American rapper Lil' Kim also called herself the "Black Madonna".[50] In 2018, Azealia Banks explained in Twitter why she feels like "the Black Madonna": "I'm really the Black Madonna [...] Y'all thought Gaga was the new supreme after Madonna but it's really me. You will learn very soon".[51]

Others were called by an individual as a Madonna but perhaps were not followed by other media reports. In 2019 for instance, designer Marko Monroe deemed Lizzo as the "Madonna of her generation",[52] while Farina also considered Tokischa as the Madonna-equivalent to the urban music of her generation.[53][54] Robert Christgau called Sinéad O'Connor a "folkie Madonna",[55] while Whitney Houston was called the "Black Madonna" in 1988 by El País's Santiago Alcanda.[56] Mónica Naranjo was a similar example, as her hairdresser wanted to present her as the "Spanish Madonna".[57] Before fame, others called themselves as such. Toni Braxton, recalls: "In high school, I was trying to be the Black Madonna".[58]

Impact

Terri Rupar from Washington Post asked: Does every country have a Madonna?.[18]

On artists' careers

Planned to be a Madonna-equivalent by her record label Reprise Records, La India later chose her stage name to refute this idea.[59]

According to media reports or some artists themselves, a bunch of artists were planned by their managers or record labels to be marketed as a Madonna or an associated style. This has been the case with Martika by CBS Records, Byanka from Mexico, and La India by Reprise; La India commented that this inspired her to choose her stage name because she avoided that label.[60][59] Ana Curra also said that her label Hispavox planned to promote her as the "Spanish Madonna".[61] Other artists slightly "promoted" as Madonnas, were Natasha Alexandrovna called the "Russian Madonna",[62] and according to Ioannis Polychronakis from Linköping University, Anna Vissi was "loudly promoted as the 'Greek Madonna'".[63] In other reports, some artists like Lisa Lisa were "billed" as a Madonna.[42] British opera singer Lesley Garrett was promoted by her record company with a "Madonna of the opera stage image"; various media outlets like Time magazine compared her with Madonna, and others dubbed her the "Madonna of the opera world". On the report of Opera magazine in 2001, she once confessed that she planned to "emulate Madonna Ciccone".[64]

In Music and Capitalism: A History of the Present (2016), author referred that various non-Western musicians decades ago attempted to fashion themselves into the next Madonna or Michael Jackson.[65] In a 1993 interview with Los Angeles Times, Gloria Trevi said: "Many artists in Mexico fight to be the Latina Madonna".[29] Back in 1986, Singaporean newspaper The Straits Times discussed how a number of artists in Asia were compared to Madonna, receiving a Madonna-moniker, but also explored how it helped boost their popularity. They described:

THE Madonna fever has spread to the East and we see young female singers emerging in the likes of the superstar. Whether they do it intentionally or not, the Madonna image has certainly helped them attract attention from fans and the media.... The other "Madonna" [...] Anna Ueyama [...] does not mind being named after a superstar as it helps boost her popularity, too.[66]

According to Time magazine, one local paper even reprinted (verbatim) an interview with Madonna, replacing her name with South African artist Brenda Fassie.[26] On the other hand, scholars Gregory Booth and Bradley Shope, noticed that Alisha Chinai "gained notoriety as the 'Indian Madonna'", while ethnomusicologist Bruno Nettl opined that she earned a reputation by catering to the South Asian interest in Madonna, "recasting both the image and the music of the global star in South Asian cultural terms and in the Hindi language".[67] According to Mirna Abdulaal of Egyptian Streets, in the case of Egyptian singer Simone Philip Kamel "countless producers wanted to put their hands" in Kamel, noted her as a "Madonna" lookalike, and for which "Madonna Masr" later came to be one of her nicknames in the country.[68]

Artists' reactions

Aware of this media label, Madonna called Kanye West (pictured) as either the "new" or "Black Madonna"[69]

In 2015, Madonna was quoted as saying Kanye West was either the "new" or "Black Madonna".[69] As a visible label to many, various of these performers have commented the comparison and nickname with mixed responses. In her case, Lady Gaga recalls: "I always used to say to people, when they would say, 'Oh, she's the next Madonna.' No, I'm the next Iron Maiden".[15] Insooni also denied her Madonna-nickname saying: "I'm Korea's Insooni, and always will be".[70] Others similarly refuted the tag, or comparison, including Argentine singer Patricia Sosa,[71] English soprano singer Sarah Brightman,[72] American singer Hilary Duff,[73][74] and Australian musician Kylie Minogue.[75]

In positive reactions, Jolin Tsai whose has been called a Madonna, responded to El País the comparison saying that "Madonna is a goal", and is a reflection of a woman who does what she sets out to do.[76] In a conversation with German magazine Focus, Serbian singer Jelena Karleuša accepted the nickname associated with Madonna.[77] American rapper Lil' Kim also did it.[78] Brazilian artist Anitta deemed it as an "honor",[25] and similar feelings was shared by Mexican singer Paulina Rubio saying she was "proud" since are her fans "who decide it".[79] BBC News let Ayi Jihu known of her nickname "China's Madonna" calling it as an "accolade" and with Jihu responding "I'm very honoured".[80]

Other artists declared to be "tired" of being compared and receiving a moniker related to her, such as Latina singers Gloria Estefan or Gloria Trevi.[29] Estefan confessed in 1989: "I'm getting bored being compared to Madonna".[81] In a similar situation, Spanish singer Marta Sánchez reported that even when she lived in New York, people called her "Madonna" all the time. While she found "flattering" being compared to her, also commented it was exhausted saying "I don't want to be a Madonna".[82]

Other artists felt flattered by the comparison, admiring Madonna but not liking the moniker. Albanian singer Bleona which publicly discussed this association is part of this group.[83] Italian singer, Ivana Spagna said: "I never wanted to be another Madonna, even though some people compared me to her. Madonna is Madonna, and nobody else could be like that".[84] German singer Nena was neutral towards the comparison.[85] South African singer, Brenda Fassie, according to Time magazine liked Madonna but doesn't understand the comparison. "Maybe it's because of the way we dress", she said.[26]

Criticisms

Sergio del Amo, editor of El País, observed the year 2017 as the political correctness era in the pop stardom, with several female singers releasing records and presenting a softer image such as Miley Cyrus (Younger Now), Lady Gaga (Joanne) and Kesha (Rainbow)—as Madonna did with Something to Remember and Bedtime Stories. This led the author to conclude that "nobody wants to be Madonna anymore" as the price to pay of a sexual image is "much higher" than it think.[86] Writing for the Washington Post, Richard Harrington called it a "dreadful nickname" when referring PJ Harvey's moniker of "the indie Madonna".[87] After being called a Madonna, Christina Rosenvinge criticized "female music has become a slutty contest".[88]

Some journalists seemed a "meaningless analogy" comparison with Madonna. Is the case of British journalist Nigel Williamson with Oumou Sangare.[19] As "Madonna" was a common nickname in the case of American singer Selena, music executive José Behar questioned that she would not be "comfortable" with that; and the only thing she had in common with Madonna was the bustiers.[89] According to Guilbert, Celine Dion was often hailed as the "anti–Madonna".[8][90]

References

A screenshot of music video "I Wanna Be Madonna" by No Comment Band, 2011

Artists such as Venus D-Lite, Sarit Hadad or Hi Fashion have released songs with the title "I'm Not Madonna". Indian rapper Baba Sehgal titled an album Main Bhi Madonna (I Am Also Madonna), while Eminem included a verse in "Fubba U cubba cubba". Alisha Chinai named her 1992 album as Madonna of India.[3] Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary (2016), included a sentence referring to a singer as "billed as the next Madonna".[91]

In 2024, Bryce Vine and electronic duo Cash Cash promoted and released their song "New Madonna".[92] However, its reception at streaming services such as Spotify, was compared by Jenesaispop's Francisco Gámiz, with other tracks inspired by Madonna, such as Drake's "Madonna" (2015), Bausa's "Madonna" (2017) and Natanael Cano and Óscar Maydon's "Madonna", a song released also on 2024, and which was called by the editor as the most famous "Madonna song" not sung by Madonna.[92]

Outside of music industry

This label transcended both the music and entertainment industries. Politicians such as Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were discussed as to be a Madonna with the same analogy of doing things or a Madonna-like impact in their areas.[93][94] Eva Perón was called the political Madonna of Argentina in a 1997 article of The Baltimore Sun.[95] U.S. News & World Report called Dennis Rodman, "a black and male version of Madonna".[96] Argentines plastic artists Sergio De Loof or Marta Minujín were nicknamed or declared themselves to be a Madonna.[97][98] Len Blavatnik, was called "Madonna of billionaires".[99] In a 1999 article, Slate magazine, listed as the "Madonnas" of the age of stock market, and celebration of the entrepreneur to individuals from Bill Gates to Steve Ballmer.[100] Shiva Rea, nicknamed "the Madonna of yoga", dismissed the tag.[101] How to Fail as a Popstar is an adaptation about character's lifelong dreams of becoming "a brown Madonna".[102]

Selected list

Various artists received more than one nickname related-to-Madonna; those with more than one nickname are highlighted in bold. Male are distinguished with the gender symbol (♂).

By region

By nationality

By race and ethnicity

By music genres

By generation

By beliefs and professions

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Rarely figured as Madonna's answer to a specific nation or genre. Also as the "local version".
  2. ^ In 2017, during her pregnancy she was referenced as a Black Madonna, because the religious theme. However, international media outlets have called her a Madonna since the early-2000s in reference to the singer.

References

  1. ^ a b Smith, Da'Shan (January 6, 2017). "10 Years After 'Good Girl Gone Bad,' Rihanna Has Surpassed Her Goal of Becoming the 'Black Madonna'". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  2. ^ "Cyrus: 'I Want To Be The Next Madonna'". Contactmusic.com. July 4, 2008. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Latest music releases". India Today. May 15, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Smith 2011, pp. 119–120
  5. ^ a b Caulfield, Deborah (October 27, 1985). "Marie Osmond--The Mormon Madonna?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  6. ^ Thagard 2005, p. 86
  7. ^ Lynskey, Dorian (June 8, 2006). "Nelly Furtado, Loose". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  8. ^ a b Guilbert 2015, p. 87
  9. ^ a b Sams, Christine (June 20, 2013). "Rihanna the new Madonna? In her own way". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  10. ^ "Readers Poll: The Queen of Pop". Rolling Stone. July 6, 2011. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  11. ^ van den Berg, Marguerite; Hoeven, Claartje L ter (2013). "Madonna as a symbol of reflexive modernisation". Celebrity Studies. 4 (2). Amsterdam School of Communication Research: 144–154. doi:10.1080/19392397.2013.791042. S2CID 218591493. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  12. ^ Los Prieto Flores; Muguruza, Isa (2021). Madonna. Una biografía (in Spanish). Penguin Random House. p. 125. ISBN 978-8417809829. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  13. ^ Hyden, Steven (2016). "13". Everyone Must Stand Alone (Madonna vs. Cyndi Lauper and Britney Spears vs. Christina Aguilera). Hachette. ISBN 978-0-316-25914-9. Retrieved December 6, 2021. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Abbott, Jim (March 20, 2014). "Miley Cyrus: Next New Madonna?". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  15. ^ a b c d e References for Lady Gaga (examples):
    • Hamard, Jonathan (January 27, 2016). "Lady Gaga : quels sont les plus gros tubes de la popstar en France" (in French). Charts in France. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
    • Harmanci, Reyhan (November 8, 2009). "Lady Gaga in the running to be the next Madonna". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
    • EFE (June 13, 2010). "Críticas a los videos de Lady Gaga por su similitud a los de Madonna". El Universo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
    • Chow, Andrew (November 12, 2013). "If Lady Gaga Wants to Be the Millennial Madonna, 'Artpop' Doesn't Have a Prayer". Mic. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
    • Delaney 2015, p. online
  16. ^ Moss, Chris (February 2009). "Katherine the great". The Rotarian. p. 54. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  17. ^ Goren 2009, p. 61
  18. ^ a b c References for Googoosh (examples):
    • Denselow, Robin (January 8, 2001). "The Iranian Madonna breaks her silence". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
    • Rupar, Terri (March 5, 2014). "This pop song about same-sex relationships is getting Iranians' attention". Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
    • Vaziri, Aidin (April 6, 2016). "Exiled singer Googoosh remains in vogue". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
    • Davis 2003, p. 348
  19. ^ a b c d References for Oumou Sangaré (examples):
    • Williamson, Nigel (September 27, 2003). "Oumou Sangare: Oumou". The Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Island's Africa Fete Eyes More Dates, New Markets" (PDF). Billboard. January 14, 1995. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
    • Klein, William (August 10, 1998). "Out of Africa". The New Yorker. p. 79. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
    • The Diagram Group 2013, p. 377
  20. ^ a b c References for Cecilia Bartoli (examples):
    • Wigler, Stephen (March 20, 1994). "Cecilia Bartoli has Madonna-like impact on classical music". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Cecilia Bartoli: The Barcelona Concert". Medici.tv. 2008. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Kennedy, Philippa (November 18, 2008). "A high note". The National. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Gurewitsch, Matthew (January 6, 2008). "Voice From the Past Becomes an Obsession". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d e References for Anita Mui (examples):
    • Cam, Lisa (October 10, 2019). "Canto-pop queen Anita Mui: remembering the 'Madonna of Asia'". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Corliss, Richard (January 4, 2004). "Farewell to Hong Kong's Sour Beauty". Time. Archived from the original on April 29, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • "Muere a los 40 años Anita Mui, la "Madonna" asiática". ABC (in Spanish). December 30, 2003. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • EFE (December 30, 2003). "Anita Mui, la 'Madonna de Hong Kong'". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Besher & Wilcock 1991, p. 307
    • Chan 2014, p. 146
    • Davis 2005, p. 567
  22. ^ a b References for Nune Yesayan (examples):
  23. ^ a b c References for Mylène Farmer (examples):
    • Robinson, Peter (June 15, 2016). "What Europe is really listening to". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Fashion legend Jean-Paul Gaultier takes final bow at star-studded finale in Paris". France 24. January 23, 2020. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Mylène Farmer" (in French). Universal Music France. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  24. ^ a b References for Deeyah Khan (examples):
    • McVeigh, Tracy (October 13, 2013). "Her film about an 'honour' killing won an Emmy. Now it's being used to train police". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Bharadwa, Wersha (February 19, 2006). "Fanatics tell Muslim singer: We'll kill you". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • "Zimbabwe writer Mhlanga honoured". BBC News. November 26, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Meera Gaonkar, Anna; Faber, Jon (March 31, 2015). "De er ofre for deres familiers vold – og for venstrefløjens tavshed". Dagbladet Information (in Danish). Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Salzman & Matathia 2015, p. 130
  25. ^ a b c d References for Anitta (examples):
    • "Gretchen chama Anitta de 'Madonna brasileira' e se diz chateada com Faustão" (in Portuguese). Bahia Notícias. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Barbosa, Louise (August 21, 2020). "Revista internacional diz que Anitta é "Madonna brasileira"" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Júnior, Gilberto (August 18, 2020). "'Choca quem é machista. Quem não é, admira', diz Anitta sobre seu jeito de ser". O Globo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Tortolani, Patricia (October 1, 2019). "Brazilian Megastar Anitta Dishes on Self-Expression and Self-Acceptance". Ocean Drive. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g References for Brenda Fassie (examples):
    • Philadelphia, Desa (September 15, 2001). "Brenda Fassie: Africa: The Madonna Of The Townships". Time. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Wyatt, Hugh (November 29, 1990). "Anger at injustice fuels Brenda Fassie's music". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Brenda Fassie". New African. 425–435: 22. 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Barker, Jean (March 29, 2006). "Brenda Fassie - Greatest hits - Greatest hits". News24. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "The late Brenda Fassie – a legend in the South African music scene, was born in November!". South African History Archive (Saha). November 3, 2011. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  27. ^ a b c References for Ofra Haza (examples):
    • Stein & Murphy 2018, p. online
    • Hoppenstand 2007, p. 213
    • "Ofra Haza". CMJ New Music Report. Vol. 61, no. 657. March 13, 2000. p. 10. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Paphides, Peter (December 9, 2010). "Ofra Haza: Madonna of the dark soul". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  28. ^ a b References for Rita Kleinstein (examples):
    • Palmer, Joanne (March 29, 2013). "Meet Rita". Jewish Standard. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Schachar, Natalie (March 6, 2013). "Israeli Madonna Charms the United Nations". Tablet. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
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  110. ^ a b References for Angélique Kidjo (examples):
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    • "Angélique Kidjo". Black Diaspora. Vol. 18. 1997. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  111. ^ "Coult it be that the more frankly adults talk about sex". Bitch. No. 34–37. 2007. p. 17. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  112. ^ References for Noa (examples):
    • "Concerts: Noa". New York. Vol. 28, no. 14. April 3, 1995. p. 96. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
    • Sendra, Ferran (December 8, 2015). "Noa: "Nunca quise ser Madonna"". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  113. ^ References for Sabah (examples):
    • "A life of ups and downs: Curtain falls on Arab superstar Sabah". Al Arabiya. November 26, 2014. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • "Sabah - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. December 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  114. ^ a b References for Sandra (examples):
    • Marks, Howard (June 14, 1986). "UK Radio Talk" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 3, no. 23. p. 7. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Exito". Hoy (in Spanish). Vol. 3, no. 454–467. 1986. p. 4. Retrieved May 24, 2022. cantante alemana a quien llaman la "Madonna europea"
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  115. ^ a b References for Azis (examples):
    • Ridenour, Al (May 14, 2009). "Glamour Bear Azis, The New Face of Bulgaria". Laughingsquid. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Oasis singer. Vasil trojanov boyanov and his new image. Video Azis Mrazish". UOFA. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  116. ^ References for Ceca Ražnatović (examples):
    • ""Balkans madonna"" (in Norwegian). Norsk rikskringkasting. August 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Culture / TPN Spring 2011" (PDF). Přítomnost. 2011. p. 115. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Barash 2016, p. 163
  117. ^ References for Marina Arsenijevic (examples):
    • Takahashi, Corey (January 26, 2003). "Crossing Over With Her 'Balkan Soul'". Newsday. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Balkan 'Madonna' to perform Sunday" (PDF). Plymouth Observer. July 11, 2002. p. B7. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  118. ^ References for Laima Vaikule (examples):
    • "Arts and Leisure: 'Soviet Madonna' comes to the US". The Gleaner. June 12, 1989. p. 9. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Arnold, Thomas K. (April 5, 1989). "Turning Russian Rock Into Gold : American Record Producer Spins Hopes on Soviet Union's 'Madonna'". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • MacFadyen 2002, p. 225
  119. ^ References for Natali (examples):
  120. ^ "The Pop Industry from Stagnation to Perestroika: How Music Professionals Embraced Economic Reform that Broke East European Cultural Networks" (PDF). University of Roehampton. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  121. ^ a b c References for Xuxa (examples):
    • "Xuxa, a Madonna Brasileira testo" (in Italian). MTV Italy. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "The Brazilian Bombshell's Neighborhood". New York. Vol. 25, no. 10. March 9, 1992. p. 23. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Xuxa". Rumbo (in Spanish). La Nación. 1993. p. 13. Retrieved May 23, 2022. Xuxa, una especie de Madonna latinoamericana
    • "Una Madonna Carioca". Expansión (in Spanish). Vol. 24. 1992. p. 202. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "La Madonna de American del Sur". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). December 14, 1992. p. 6. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  122. ^ "Petra is 50: "Ik wil mezelf blijven vernieuwen"". Het Laatste Nieuws (in Dutch). August 19, 2022. Archived from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  123. ^ References for Daniela Mercury (examples):
    • "CNN anuncia Daniela Mercury como a "Madonna brasileira"". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). March 3, 2017. Archived from the original on March 6, 2013. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • "Daniela Mercury". Noticias de la semana (in Spanish). 1993. pp. 2–12. Retrieved May 22, 2022. Daniela Mercury (la Madonna brasileña)
    • "Daniela Mercury, brazilska Madonna: Vreli ritam tropa". Vreme (in Bosnian). 1993. p. 28. Retrieved May 22, 2022. Daniela Mercury, brazilska Madonna
  124. ^ References for Gretchen (examples):
    • Essinger, Silvio (July 27, 2011). "Em pocket show, Gretchen celebra hits e dispara: 'Eu sou a Madonna brasileira'". O Globo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Oliveira, Sara (February 15, 2020). "A carreira musical de Gretchen, que disse ser a Madonna brasileira". Cifras (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Reis, João Paulo (May 7, 2017). "Rainha dos memes, Gretchen também já foi trilha de novelas" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  125. ^ References for Joelma (examples):
    • Nogueira, Renata (November 10, 2016). "Fãs provam fidelidade a Joelma em gravação de DVD: "É a Madonna brasileira"" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Fã chama Joelma de "Madonna brasileira" e gravação de DVD faz sucesso" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  126. ^ References for Regina Restelli (examples):
    • Astuto, Bruno (October 25, 2016). "Regina Restelli, a "Madonna brasileira", relembra sucesso há 25 anos". Época (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on November 21, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Noronha, Heloísa. "Por onde anda Regina Restelli, a Madonna brasileira dos anos 90?" (in Portuguese). Universo Online. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  127. ^ "The funk carioca of Tati Quebra-Barraco". Gazeta Digital. November 28, 2004. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  128. ^ References for Mitsou (examples):
    • Lauzon, Véronique (November 30, 2013). "La provocation pop de Mitsou". La Presse (in French). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Iannacci, Elio (July 2009). "All The Singles Ladies". Flare. Vol. 31, no. 7. ProQuest 223829343. Retrieved September 8, 2022 – via ProQuest.
    • Desrochers, Alain (1991). Mitsou: Dis Moi, Dis Moi (Media notes). Entertainment Tonight" called her the Madonna of Canada
  129. ^ "Las nuevas divas". Qué Pasa (in Spanish). 2006. p. 63. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  130. ^ a b References for Shakira (examples):
    • "Llena de gracia". Semana (in Spanish). September 2, 2001. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • "Shakira". Para Ti (in Spanish). No. 4048–4056. 2000. p. 9. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Gurisatti, Claudia [in Spanish] (November 2009). "La nueva 'Shaki'". Gente (in Spanish). p. 96. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Linés, Esteban (November 25, 2010). "Shakira: "Jo també sóc una catalana"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Pride & Ferrell 2003, p. 112
  131. ^ References for Albita (examples):
    • Van Gelder, Lawrence (June 26, 2000). "This Week". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Manrique, Diego A. [in Spanish] (April 7, 1999). "Albita presenta en directo su visión del alma cubana". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    • Galilea, Carlos (April 15, 1999). "Nalgas y versos". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  132. ^ "Severina Live in Vegas: A Fan's Appreciation". Total Croatia News. May 3, 2017. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  133. ^ References for Tatiana Cameron (examples):
    • "Tatiana Cameron to perform at shrine". The Standard-Times. February 18, 2005. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
    • "Croatian Madonna to settle in Clifton". Croatia.org. December 7, 2004. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  134. ^ References for Wei Wei (examples):
    • "Kinas Madonna blåser sina svenska leverantörer" (in Swedish). Realtid. February 22, 2008. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Imedio, Ferran (May 29, 2007). "La 'Madonna´ china reune a las estrella". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  135. ^ References for Patricia Kaas (examples):
    • Gilles, Médioni (July 14, 1994). "Patricia Kaas, chanteuse étoile". L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "L'ambassadrice". Le Télégramme (in French). January 31, 1999. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Des airs méconnus" (in French). Taiwan Info. January 5, 1998. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  136. ^ References for Marianne Rosenberg (examples):
    • Tichler, Andy (October 14, 2019). "Marianne Rosenberg: "Die Königin" kehrt mit "Wann (Mr. 100%)" triumphal zurück!" (in German). Smago. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  137. ^ "Nana Mouskouri la Madonna grecque: "Je ne savais pas que j'avais enregistré 134 albums au total"". La Dernière Heure (in French). August 25, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  138. ^ References for Amy Yip (examples):
    • Isaacs, Matt (June 14, 2000). "Twice Burned". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Asian Organized Crime" (PDF). Office of Justice Programs. 1991. p. 120. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  139. ^ References for Asha Bhosle (examples):
    • "Asha Bhosle". Asiaweek. 17: 61. 1991. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Asha Bhosle". Verve: The Spirit of Today's Woman. 14 (4–6): 69. 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Times News Network (TNN) (April 5, 2003). "We Love Asha Bhosle Because". Times of india. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  140. ^ References for Sarit Hadad (examples):
    • Khazzoom, Loolwa (September 10, 2004). "Sabra Madonna: Meet Israel's Pop Diva". The Forward. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Burgan 2007, p. 75
  141. ^ References for Lady Saw (examples):
    • Escobedo Shepherd, Julianne (August 27, 2014). "Woman on Top: 20 Years on Lady Saw Is Still Riding High". The Fader. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
    • Oumano, Elena (June 28, 1997). "V.P. To Make Known Lady Saw's 'Passion'". Billboard. Vol. 109, no. 26. p. 8. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
    • Ainley 2002, p. 147
  142. ^ a b References for Ayumi Hamasaki (examples):
    • Ruide, Koh (November 13, 2017). "Ayumi Hamasaki offends S Korean fans during concert with Japanese war flag". Japan Today. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Tan, Gerald (May 28, 2017). "A Diehard Ayumi Hamasaki Fan Reacts To Her Tragic News". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • "Ayumi Hamasaki". The Wire. Vol. 281–286. 2007. Retrieved May 23, 2022. Yeah, it's Ayumi Hamasaki, the Madonna of J-Pop
  143. ^ References for Hikaru Utada (examples):
    • Enis, Eli; Jones, Marcus; Nolfi, Joey (May 8, 2020). "Friday Five: Paul Epworth's Space-funk Boogie, Buju Banton Teams With John Legend, And More". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Liu, Marian (January 16, 2020). "Japanese superstar Utada Hikaru finds her way in the U.S." The Seattle Times. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  144. ^ References for Minako Honda (examples):
    • "Material girls set on following Madonna's footsteps". September 12, 1986. p. 8. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
    • "Minako Honda". Asiaweek. January 16, 2020. p. 41. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  145. ^ Fujita, Shig (November 22, 1986). "Japan's Rebecca Is Not Just Another Pretty Face" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 98, no. 47. p. 70. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  146. ^ "مادونا : اليسا ونانسي وهيفاء وراء تفكيري في الانتحار" (in Arabic). Assawsana. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  147. ^ References for Alejandra Guzmán (examples):
    • Martínez 1992, p. 162
    • Joseph & Henderson 2002, p. 609
  148. ^ a b References for Marisela (examples):
    • Quinones, Dita (July 10, 2014). "Siempre con Marisela". KNSD. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "GLENDALE : Latin Singer Marisela Arrested in Drug Case". Los Angeles Times. June 16, 1993. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Latin singer Marisela busted". United Press International (UPI). August 2, 1993. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  149. ^ a b References for Thalía (examples):
    • Escudero, Felipe (January 15, 2006). ""Ahora, el pueblo latino se ha convertido en una prioridad para EEUU porque generamos dinero"". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  150. ^ a b c References for Yuri (examples):
    • Cordova, Randy (August 15, 2015). "Yuri: 15 favorite songs by 'the Mexican Madonna'". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Hevrdejs, Judy (July 27, 1990). "Mexico's Madonna Knows How To Strike A Pose". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Yuri, la 'Madonna mexicana', cumple 53 años" (in Spanish). Notimérica. June 1, 2019. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Yuri". Charisma and Christian Life. 26 (6–11): 94. June 1, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  151. ^ Holen, Øyvind (February 15, 2002). "Norges Madonna". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  152. ^ Hashmi, Emb (July 10, 2014). "Humera Arshad The Pakistani Madonna". Asian World News. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  153. ^ References for Loredana Groza (examples):
    • Brumar, Dan L. (January 22, 2020). "Loredana Groza, Madonna de România în straie indiene. Cum a pozat artista" (in Romanian). Pro TV. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  154. ^ Hart, Hugh (June 9, 1993). "The 'Russian Madonna's' Bad Manners Is A Great Excuse For A Feeding Frenzy". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  155. ^ References for Sadie Nine (examples):
    • "BBC Essex Presenters". BBC Essex. April 27, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
    • "Sadie Nine on BBC London 94.9 FM". BBC Essex. 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  156. ^ "Sasha Gradiva". Sonic Schocks. No. 25. June 2014. p. 25. Retrieved May 24, 2022 – via Issuu.
  157. ^ References for Valeriya (examples):
    • Brumar, Andy (October 23, 2011). "Come on over, Valeriya: Meet 'Russia's Madonna'". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Ferris-Rotman, Amie (March 19, 2008). "Russian pop diva and Bee Gee plan British conquest". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Low, Felix (March 26, 2008). "Valeriya, Moscow's Madonna, targets Britain". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  158. ^ Graff, Gary (July 3, 2014). "Jose Feliciano Records New Single With 'The Madonna or Lady Gaga of Serbia'". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  159. ^ References for Kim Wan-sun (examples):
    • Weintraub, Barendregt & Lau 2017, p. 312
    • Fuhr 2015, p. online
  160. ^ ""We Came To Party" 2015 Celebrities' Party Look". Yahoo!. April 25, 2015. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  161. ^ References for Alaska (examples):
    • Leibetseder 2016, p. 73
    • "Fangoria". Gatopardo (in Spanish) (98–103): 84. 2009. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  162. ^ References for Leticia Sabater (examples):
    • "El desastre estético de Leticia Sabater: así ha quedado su 'six pack' un año después". El Español (in Spanish). March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    • "Leticia Sabater 200,000 EUR Spree In Bid To Be "Spanish Madonna"". The Madrid Metropolitan. January 1, 2012. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  163. ^ "Luz empieza a destacar en la farándula" (in Spanish). April 17, 1990. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  164. ^ a b References for Hanan Bulu-Bulu (examples):
    • "Hana Bulu-Bulu Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
    • Yaqub & Quawas 2017, p. 188
    • Shepherd et al. 2003, p. 339
  165. ^ References for Robyn (examples):
    • Barshad, Amos (April 28, 2008). "Robyn on Hip-hop, 'Chappelle's Show,' and Being the Madonna of Sweden". Vulture. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
    • Weithz 2020, p. online
    • Johannesson 2012, p. online
  166. ^ References for Mai Charoenpura (examples):
    • "LOS ANGELES : Council Settles Claim From Thai Actress, Sister". Los Angeles Times. November 10, 1993. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Lewis 2007, p. 150
  167. ^ References for Aleyna Tilki (examples):
    • "Selda Bağcan'dan Aleyna Tilki'ye övgü: Türkiye'nin dünya çapındaki Madonna'sı olacak!". Takvim (in Turkish). April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "'O ileride Türkiye'nin Madonna'sı olacak'". Sabah (in Turkish). April 2, 2019. Archived from the original on February 6, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  168. ^ "Banu Alkan çok nankör". Milliyet (in Turkish). October 22, 2000. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  169. ^ References for Gülşen (examples):
    • Binley, Alex (26 August 2022). "Turkish singer Gulsen arrested over religious schools joke". BBC News. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
    • "Turkish pop star faces jail time for 'inciting hatred' over religious schools joke". Euronews. September 3, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
    • Jones, Dorian (October 1, 2022). "Turkish 'Madonna' faces jail as crackdown on pop music intensifies". Radio France Internationale. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  170. ^ References for Hande Yener (examples):
    • Bal, Çİğdem (October 16, 2007). "'Turkish Madonna'". Vatan (in Turkish). Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Vural, Sinem (October 15, 2020). "Siz yapmazsanız başkası yapacak". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  171. ^ References for Sezen Aksu (examples):
    • Church, Michael (October 16, 2011). "Album: Sezen Aksu, Optum (World Village)". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 22, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Broughton, Simon (June 5, 2002). "Barbican's club Med". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  172. ^ References for Yonca Evcimik (examples):
    • "Yonca I'm Hot For You" (PDF). Music Week. November 4, 1995. p. 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
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  173. ^ References for Ruslana (examples):
    • Chalupa, Irena (May 5, 2014). "Maidan is Ukraine". Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Welcome the Ukrainian Madonna". Now. November 14, 2008. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  174. ^ References for Melissa Griffiths (examples):
    • "Así luce la cantante Melissa, 32 años después de su debut". La Patilla (in Spanish). June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Qué fue de la vida de Ralph Macchio, Karolina con K, Robert Carradine y Melissa Griffiths" (in Spanish). Venevisión. October 15, 2012. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  175. ^ References for Lynda Trang Đài (examples):
    • "How the "Vietnamese Madonna" Came to Own a Bánh Mì Shop in Little Saigon". KCRW. July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  176. ^ References for Portia Gwanzura (examples):
    • The Financial Gazette (January 16, 2003). "Zimbabwe: Zim's Madonna, Gwanzura Fears for Her Life". AllAfrica. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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  177. ^ Stratton 2006, p. 196
  178. ^ References for Beyoncé (examples):
    • Ramírez Figueroa, JC (November 2, 2010). "La Madonna negra". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • "Beyonce Knowles models in photo". Today's Black Woman. Vol. 9, no. 1–4. 2003. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Guilbert 2018, p. 100
  179. ^ References for Rihanna (examples):
    • "Rihanna: "I want to be the black Madonna"". In Touch Weekly. February 5, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Keaton 2014, p. XIV
  180. ^ References for Amy Grant (examples):
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    • Fields, Jamie (August 1997). "Heeeeeere's Gary!". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
    • Thomasos, Christine (April 19, 2017). "Katy Perry says layers of her Christian upbringing are 'dropping off of me by the day'". Christian Today. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  181. ^ EFE (August 28, 2008). "La diva del reggaetón Ivy Queen critica a Residente y se compara con Madonna". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved May 24, 2022.
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