Las elecciones al Senado de los Estados Unidos de 1994 se celebraron el 8 de noviembre de 1994, y los 33 escaños de la Clase 1 se disputaron en elecciones regulares. También se celebraron elecciones especiales para cubrir las vacantes. El Partido Republicano tomó el control del Senado de los demócratas . Como en la mayoría de las otras elecciones de mitad de mandato, la oposición, esta vez los republicanos, tuvieron la ventaja tradicional. Los republicanos del Congreso hicieron campaña contra la presidencia temprana de Bill Clinton , incluido su fallido plan de atención médica . Los demócratas tuvieron una mayoría de 56 a 44, después de haber perdido un escaño en Texas en una elección especial de 1993.
Los republicanos defendieron con éxito todos sus escaños y ganaron 8 de los demócratas al derrotar a los senadores en ejercicio Harris Wofford ( Pensilvania ) y Jim Sasser ( Tennessee ), además de obtener 6 escaños vacantes en Arizona , Maine , Michigan , Ohio , Oklahoma y Tennessee . Cabe destacar que, dado que la derrota de Sasser coincidió con una victoria republicana en la elección especial para reemplazar a Al Gore , la delegación del Senado de Tennessee pasó de ser completamente demócrata a ser completamente republicana en una sola elección. Eso no volvería a suceder hasta 2021 , cuando los demócratas dieron la vuelta a la delegación de Georgia en las elecciones al Senado programadas regularmente y especiales del estado .
Las elecciones marcaron la primera vez que los republicanos controlaron el Senado desde enero de 1987 y coincidieron con el primer cambio de control en la Cámara de Representantes desde enero de 1955 y una ganancia neta republicana de 10 gobernaciones . Además, esta fue la primera elección popular en la que los republicanos ganaron todos los escaños del Senado en el sur profundo . En conjunto, las ganancias republicanas se conocen como la Revolución Republicana . El líder de la minoría Robert J. Dole se convirtió en líder de la mayoría , y en el lado demócrata, Tom Daschle se convirtió en líder de la minoría después del retiro del líder demócrata anterior, George J. Mitchell . También fue la primera vez desde 1980 que los republicanos lograron ganancias netas en el Senado, pero la última vez hasta 2018 que los republicanos también lograron ganancias entre los senadores de Clase 1.
Inicialmente, el balance era de 52-48 a favor de los republicanos, pero después del cambio de poder, los demócratas Richard Shelby y Ben Nighthorse Campbell cambiaron de partido y llevaron el balance a 54-46. El demócrata Ron Wyden ganó una elección especial de 1996 para reemplazar al republicano Bob Packwood , lo que dejó el balance en 53-47 antes del siguiente ciclo electoral . A partir de 2023 [update], es el último ciclo electoral en el que los republicanos ganaron las elecciones al Senado en Delaware , Michigan y Washington . Estas son también las elecciones más recientes de las cuales ninguno de los senadores elegidos en su primer mandato siguen sirviendo en el Senado a partir de 2024.
Fuente: Secretario de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos [1]
Tres republicanos y cuatro demócratas se retiraron en lugar de buscar la reelección. Además, un demócrata también se retiró en lugar de completar el mandato restante.
Un demócrata renunció tres años después de su mandato de seis años.
Dos demócratas buscaron la reelección pero perdieron en las elecciones generales.
Un republicano dimitió el 11 de junio de 1996 y fue sustituido por un candidato republicano. Dos demócratas se pasaron al Partido Republicano poco después de las elecciones.
En estas elecciones especiales los ganadores fueron elegidos y ejercidos durante el año 1994.
Las elecciones se ordenan por fecha, luego por estado y clase.
En estas elecciones generales, los ganadores fueron elegidos para el período que comenzaba el 3 de enero de 1995; ordenados por estado.
Todas las elecciones involucraron los escaños de Clase 1.
Dennis DeConcini, el congresista demócrata que estuvo en el cargo durante tres mandatos, se retiró tras ser miembro del escándalo de los Cinco de Keating . El congresista republicano Jon Kyl derrotó a su oponente demócrata, el también congresista Sam Coppersmith, por un margen cómodo.
En 1992, Dianne Feinstein ganó una elección especial para ocupar el puesto de gobernador Pete Wilson . En su carrera por un mandato completo, se enfrentó al acaudalado congresista republicano Michael Huffington . Feinstein salió victoriosa por menos de dos puntos.
Después de un mandato en la Cámara de Representantes representando a los condados de Santa Bárbara y San Luis Obispo , Huffington gastó $8 millones a fines de agosto y un total de $28 millones durante toda la campaña. Se hizo rico gracias al petróleo y el gas. Durante la campaña, se produjeron ataques personales contra la esposa de Huffington, Arianna Huffington , quien estuvo muy involucrada en la contienda (los medios la apodaron la "Sir Edmund Hillary del ascenso social", según The Almanac of American Politics ).
A Huffington lo llamaron hipócrita por apoyar la Proposición 187 y luego violar la ley al emplear a inmigrantes ilegales, una historia que salió a la luz en los últimos días de la campaña. [3] Se gastaron 44 millones de dólares en las elecciones. En ese momento, fue la campaña más cara en una elección no presidencial en la historia de Estados Unidos. Chris Cillizza , del Washington Post, calificó la elección como una de las elecciones al Senado más desagradables de la historia moderna. [4]
El día de la elección, la contienda fue muy reñida, pero Feinstein ganó en el condado de Los Ángeles, lo que puede haberla puesto en ventaja. Su considerable victoria en el área de la Bahía de San Francisco, compuesta por nueve condados, también puede atribuirse a su ajustada victoria a nivel estatal.
El nuevo titular demócrata Joseph Lieberman ganó fácilmente la reelección frente al médico republicano Jerry Labriola .
El veterano republicano William Roth , que busca su quinto mandato, se defendió del desafío de Charles Oberly , el fiscal general demócrata del estado en tres mandatos, venciéndolo por 13 puntos.
El actual titular republicano Connie Mack III ganó un segundo mandato al lograr una fácil reelección frente al abogado Hugh Rodham , hermano de la primera dama Hillary Rodham Clinton .
Rodham dejó la oficina de defensores públicos para postularse para el Senado de los Estados Unidos en Florida en 1994. Ganó la nominación del Partido Demócrata al derrotar a Mike Wiley en una elección de segunda vuelta , [9] [10] después de terminar primero en un campo primario de cuatro personas con el 34 por ciento. [10] Después de la primera primaria, el tercero en terminar, el abogado de Miami Ellis Rubin unió fuerzas con Rodham como "consultor ejecutivo senior" y sicario. [11] En presencia de Rodham en una conferencia de prensa, Rubin acusó a Wiley de estar ocultando su fe judía al cambiar su nombre de nacimiento, Michael Schreibman, [10] y que Wiley "cambió su nombre antes de la campaña para engañar a los votantes sobre su religión judía". Wiley en consecuencia se negó a respaldar a Rodham después de la segunda vuelta. [10] Rodham luego perdió por un margen de 70%-30% ante el senador republicano en ejercicio Connie Mack III en las elecciones generales. [12] Aunque Bill y Hillary Clinton hicieron campaña por él, su organización no pudo aprovechar su ayuda, [13] tenía pocos fondos, casi ningún anuncio de televisión y poco apoyo del establishment del Partido Demócrata de Florida en un año en el que los republicanos ganaron por todas partes. [12] [14] Después de las elecciones, Rubin cambió de bando nuevamente y acusó a Rodham de violaciones a la ley electoral en las primeras primarias; la Comisión Federal de Elecciones finalmente desestimó las acusaciones. [15]
El demócrata Daniel Akaka fue designado por primera vez para este escaño en abril de 1990, tras la muerte del senador Spark Matsunaga . Ganó su primer mandato completo al derrotar a la ganadera republicana Mary Hustace [16] de forma aplastante.
El republicano Richard Lugar, quien estuvo en el cargo durante tres mandatos , obtuvo una abrumadora victoria de 37 puntos contra el ex representante demócrata Jim Jontz , quien intentaba regresar a la presidencia después de perder la reelección en 1992.
Lugar ganó 91 de los 92 condados de Indiana , Jontz ganó sólo el bastión demócrata del condado de Lake . [18]
Uno de los mayores premios de los republicanos fue el escaño del líder de la mayoría saliente George Mitchell . La veterana congresista Olympia Snowe ganó el escaño en una victoria aplastante sobre el congresista demócrata Thomas Andrews , un marcado contraste con la victoria aplastante del senador saliente Mitchell seis años antes .
El demócrata en el cargo, Paul Sarbanes, ganó un tercer mandato al derrotar rotundamente al republicano Bill Brock , ex senador estadounidense de Tennessee (1971-77), presidente del RNC (1977-81), representante comercial de Estados Unidos (1981-85) y secretario de Trabajo de Estados Unidos (1985-87).
Ted Kennedy usually coasted to re-election, but in this election he faced an unusually tough challenge from Republican businessman Mitt Romney. Though the final result was a 17-point Kennedy victory, it marked the first time since his initial election in 1962 that Kennedy received less than 60% of the vote.
Romney defeated his closest competitor, John Lakian, to win the Republican primary with over 80% of the vote. He campaigned as a political moderate and Washington outsider, and posed the greatest challenge ever made against Kennedy for the Senate seat since he first took office in 1962. Democratic congressmen across the country were struggling to maintain their seats, and Kennedy in particular was damaged by character concerns and an ongoing divorce controversy. The contest became very close.
Kennedy launched ads criticizing Romney's tenure as the leader of the company known as Bain Capital, accusing him of treating workers unfairly and taking away jobs, while also criticizing what were widely considered to be Romney's shifting political views. Romney also performed inadequately in the debates between the two candidates, and made a number of poorly received statements that reduced his standing in the polls.
In the closest Senate election of his career since after 1962, Kennedy won by a reasonably comfortable margin, despite a series of losses for Democrats around the country.
Romney was initially behind businessman John Lakian in the battle to win the Massachusetts Republican Party's nomination for the U.S. Senate.[22] However, after using his personal wealth to advertise heavily on television, he gained overwhelming support at the state party convention.[22]
Romney then defeated Lakian easily in the September 1994 Republican Party primary with over 80 percent of the vote.[23][24]
In the general election, Kennedy faced the first serious re-election challenger of his career in the younger, telegenic, and very well-funded Romney.[26] Romney ran as a successful entrepreneur and Washington outsider with a strong family image and moderate stands on social issues.[26]After two decades out of public view, his father George re-emerged during the campaign.[27][28] George Romney had urged Mitt to enter the race and moved into his son's house for its duration, serving as an unofficial advisor.[29][30]
Kennedy was more vulnerable than usual in 1994, in part because of the unpopularity of the Democratic Congress as a whole and also because this was Kennedy's first election since the William Kennedy Smith trial in Florida, in which Kennedy had taken some public relations hits regarding his character.[26] Kennedy was saddled not only with his recent past but the 25th anniversary of the Chappaquiddick incident and his first wife Joan Bennett Kennedy seeking a renegotiated divorce settlement.[26]
Some early polls showed Romney close to Kennedy. By mid-September 1994, polls showed the race to be even.[26][31] One Boston Herald/WCVB-TV poll taken after the September 20, 1994 primary showed Romney ahead 44 percent to 42 percent, within the poll's sampling margin of error.[32] In another September poll, Romney had a 43 to 42 percent lead.[33] President Bill Clinton traveled to Massachusetts to campaign for Kennedy.[34]
Religion became an issue for a while, after Kennedy's campaign said it was fair to ask Romney about his LDS Church's past policy of not allowing blacks into the priesthood.[24] Romney accused Kennedy of having violated senator John F. Kennedy's famous September 1960 pledge not to allow his own Catholic doctrine to inform policy, made during his ultimately victorious presidential campaign.[24] George Romney forcefully interjected during his son's press conference, "I think it is absolutely wrong to keep hammering on the religious issues. And what Ted is trying to do is bring it into the picture."[24]
After Romney touted his business credentials and his record at creating jobs within his company, Kennedy ran campaign ads showing an Indiana company, Ampad, bought out by Romney's firm, Bain Capital. They showed interviews with its union workers who had been fired and who criticized Romney for the loss of their jobs, with one saying, "I don't think Romney is creating jobs because he took every one of them away."[35] Romney claimed that 10,000 jobs were created because of his work at Bain, but private detectives hired by Kennedy found a factory bought by Bain Capital that had suffered a 350-worker strike after Bain had cut worker pay and benefits.[36] Kennedy's charges were effective, as more voters decided that Romney was interested in profits more than people.[24]
Kennedy's attack ads also focused both on Romney's shifting political views;[26][37] although both Kennedy and Romney supported the abortion rights established under Roe v. Wade, Kennedy accused Romney of being "multiple choice" on the issue, rather than "pro choice."[38] Romney said his stance dated back to his mother, Lenore Romney, and her position during her 1970 U.S. Senate campaign: "My mother and my family have been committed to the belief that we can believe as we want, but we will not force our beliefs on others on that matter. And you will not see me wavering on that."[24] Nevertheless, women's groups and Democrats viewed Romney's position with suspicion.[24] (In subsequent years, Romney became anti-abortion and opposed Roe.[39])
Kennedy's campaign ran short on money, and belying his image as endlessly wealthy, he was forced to take out a second mortgage on his Virginia home.[40]Kennedy's new wife Vicki Reggie Kennedy proved to be a strong asset in campaigning.[31]
By early October, Kennedy was ahead by 49 to 44 percent in a poll by The Boston Globe.[24] In their first televised debate, held at Faneuil Hall on October 25, Kennedy came out charging with his aging but still booming voice; regarding the Ampad deal, he said to Romney, "I don't know why you wouldn't meet with the strikers with that flimflam deal of yours out there in Indiana."[24] Romney charged that Kennedy had benefited from a real-estate deal that had been done on a no-bid basis, but Kennedy responded with a rehearsed line: "Mr. Romney, the Kennedys are not in public service to make money. We have paid too high a price in our commitment to the public service of this country."[24] Each candidate was asked to discuss one of their own failings. In a dramatic moment, Kennedy indirectly referred to his personal problems and acknowledged that he was "painfully aware" that on such occasions he had let his supporters down. By contrast, Romney mentioned work for several local charities he was engaged with on a near daily basis. When the moderator reminded him of the question, Romney responded "I guess what I regret is that I'm not able to provide even more help for those less fortunate than myself.... I wish I could do even more." Kennedy won this key debate as he reconnected with his traditional bases of support:[26] two polls of voters conducted afterwards both showed Kennedy as the victor in the debate.[41] One post-debate October general election poll showed Kennedy leading 50 percent to 32,[36] and another by 56 to 36 percent.[24] A second debate, held two days later at Holyoke Community College, focused more on policy details and lacked the intensity of the first one; Romney failed to gain any traction from it.[41]
In the November general election, despite a very bad result for Democrats overall, Kennedy won re-election by a 58 percent to 41 percent margin,[42] the closest re-election race of his career; only his initial victory in the 1962 Senate special election in Massachusetts was closer.[43]
Democratic senator Donald W. Riegle Jr. retired after three terms. Former Michigan Republican Party Chairman Spencer Abraham defeated Democratic Congressman Milton Robert Carr in the race to succeed Riegle.
Riegle, a three-term incumbent, was considered one of the most vulnerable Senate Democrats in the 1994 mid-term elections due to the unpopularity of President Bill Clinton[44] and his being involved as a member of the Keating Five, a group of five senators who were accused of corruption. After months of speculation, Riegle announced he would not seek a 4th term in a speech on the Senate floor.[45]
Incumbent Republican David Durenberger decided to retire instead of seeking a third full term. Republican Rod Grams won the open seat. After surviving a messy Republican primary, former TV news anchor and one-term Rep. Rod Grams defeated his Democratic opponent, former state assembly minority leader Ann Wynia by five points for the seat being vacated by incumbent Republican Dave Durenberger.
Republican incumbent Trent Lott won a second term by easily defeating former Democratic state senator Ken Harper.[47]
Republican senator John Danforth retired after three terms. Former Republican Gov. John Ashcroft defeated his Democratic opponent, six-term Rep. Alan Wheat by more than twenty points.
Democrat Jack Mudd, former dean of the University of Montana law school, defeated former U.S. senator John Melcher in the Democratic primary and then went on to lose to Republican incumbent Conrad Burns, who was seeking a second term.
Democrat Bob Kerrey won re-election over Republican Jan Stoney, Vice President of Personnel at Northwestern Bell, by ten points.[50]
Democratic incumbent Richard H. Bryan scored a ten-point win over Republican Hal Furman,[51] a water policy advisor for the Interior Department.
Two-term Democratic incumbent Frank Lautenberg narrowly defeated his Republican opponent, state assembly speaker Chuck Haytaian by three points.
[53]Two-term Democratic incumbent Jeff Bingaman defeated his Republican opponent, former George H. W. Bush Assistant Secretary of Defense Colin McMillan by eight points.
Veteran Democratic incumbent Daniel Patrick Moynihan easily defeated his Republican opponent, businesswoman Bernadette Castro.
1994 was significant for the Republican Revolution, mostly as a referendum against President Bill Clinton and his health care plan, and was seen as a tough year for Democratic incumbents. Moynihan, however, was New York State's most popular politician at the time, and ran ahead of all other Democrats competing statewide.[55]
Republican Castro was running for office for the first time and had trouble raising funds due to being seen as unlikely to win; at times during the race she trailed by up to 30 percentage points.[55] She portrayed herself as a fiscally conservative, socially moderate Republican in the mold of Governor of New Jersey Christie Todd Whitman, and attempted to portray Moynihan as excessively liberal and prone to government spending.[55] But Moynihan repeated his past strong performance among upstate voters, in addition to the usual Democratic strongholds in New York City.[55]
Incumbent Dem-NPL-er Kent Conrad won re-election to his first full term as senior senator, although technically his second third in the position, having served the end of Quentin Burdick's term after his death. Conrad also had served an additional term as senator, but as junior senator from 1986 to 1992.
Senator Howard Metzenbaum retired and his son-in-law Joel Hyatt received the Democratic nomination to succeed him. Hyatt would go on to be badly defeated by Lieutenant Governor Mike DeWine.
Incumbent Democrat David L. Boren decided to resign his position to accept the position as President of the University of Oklahoma, which prompted a special election. Republican Congressman Jim Inhofe defeated the Democratic Congressman Dave McCurdy.
Democrat Harris Wofford was appointed to the Senate when three-term Republican H. John Heinz III died in a 1991 plane crash. He won a special election to hold that seat later that year. In his tough re-election against Republican Congressman Rick Santorum, the pro-choice Wofford lost the endorsement of anti-abortion Democratic Governor Robert Casey. This contributed to his loss to Santorum by two percentage points.
Wofford's campaign was hurt from the outset by his strong connection with President Bill Clinton's failed healthcare reform proposals; Wofford had made working toward universal healthcare a crucial issue in his prior campaign and was one of the executive's strongest allies on the issue. After this failure, however, the senator ran a relatively passive campaign. He instead attempted to focus attention on his challenger, an arch-conservative who did not attempt to moderate his views after the primary election. The polarizing Santorum took strong positions against abortion, gay rights, and affirmative action, and he even clashed with some of the traditional fixtures of the state's moderate Republican establishment. Early in the campaign and with little statewide name recognition, Santorum made a critical error by attacking Social Security, and Wofford appeared to be in relatively safe position. However, Santorum ran an effective grassroots campaign and specifically targeted many union Democrats who had reservations about the liberal social values advocated by many of their party's leaders.[59]
In the closing weeks of the campaign, Santorum was greatly helped by strong Republican enthusiasm because of anger over Clinton's failed initiatives. He solidified his status by running a series of positive ads that attempted to define his character strengths and to contrast with Wofford's negative commercials. Santorum eventually received a close victory by performing well (and nearly winning) his home in the suburban Pittsburgh region and through particularly low turnout in Democratic strongholds, such as Philadelphia, Scranton, and Pittsburgh cities.[59]
Moderate Republican incumbent John Chafee, seeking a fourth term, defeated Democratic state representative Linda Kushner by 28-points.
Due to the resignation of Al Gore in 1993 to become vice president, there were two senate elections in Tennessee as both seats were up for election.
One of the biggest upsets of the night was the defeat of three-term Democrat Jim Sasser. Sasser had been the influential Chairman of the Budget Committee and was among the leading candidates to replace Mitchell as Democratic Floor Leader. Sasser, however, would be defeated by prominent Nashville heart surgeon Bill Frist by 14 points.[61]
There were two unforeseen events that affected the campaign. One was the large scale of discontent that the American people seemed to have toward the first two years of the Clinton administration, especially the proposal for a national healthcare system largely put together and advocated by Clinton's wife, Hillary Clinton. The other was the somewhat unexpected nomination of Nashville heart transplant surgeon Bill Frist for the seat by the Republicans.
Frist, who had never voted until he was 36, was a political unknown and a total novice at campaigning, but was from one of Nashville's most prominent and wealthiest medical families, which gave him some name recognition, as well as adequate enough resources to match the campaign war chest built up by the three-term incumbent, a challenge most "insurgent" candidates find to be impossible. A further factor working to Frist's advantage was a simultaneous Republican campaign by actor and attorney Fred Thompson for the other Tennessee Senate seat, which was open due to Al Gore resigning to become Vice President of the United States. Another factor in Frist's favor was that Sasser was never seen as possessing much charisma of his own. During the campaign Nashville radio stations were derisive towards Sasser to the point of stating that he could only win "a Kermit The Frog lookalike contest." In one of the largest upsets in a night of political upsets in the November 1994 U.S. general elections, Frist defeated the incumbent Sasser by approximately 14 percentage points.
Less surprising was the Republican victory in the other Tennessee Senate contest. Harlan Matthews had held the seat since Al Gore's resignation to assume the Vice Presidency in 1993, but chose not to seek the Democratic nomination in the special election. The Republican actor and attorney Fred Thompson, defeated six-term Democratic Congressman Jim Cooper in an overwhelming landslide.[62]
Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison, having just won a special election the previous June for the seat vacated by Democrat Lloyd Bentsen, easily defeated Democrat Richard W. Fisher, an investment banker.[63]
Veteran Republican incumbent Orrin Hatch delivered a 40-point defeat to his Democratic opponent, attorney Patrick Shea.
Moderate Republican Jim Jeffords won a second term, defeating Democratic state senator Jan Backus and independent Gavin Mills. He won every county in the state.
Democrat Chuck Robb received over 70% of the vote when first elected in 1988, but struggled to win re-election. Furor over Robb's alleged affair with model Tai Collins provided plenty of momentum for the Republican Iran-Contra figure Oliver North. A factor to Robb's advantage was the independent candidacy of attorney J. Marshall Coleman. North likely lost votes to Coleman especially when Virginia's other senator, Republican John Warner, endorsed Coleman over North. Robb received 46% of the vote to North's 43% with Coleman garnering 11%.
Oliver North was a very controversial figure as he was involved in the Iran-Contra Affair, a scandal during Ronald Reagan's presidency. Marshall Coleman attempted to seize the middle ground between Robb and North. Republican senator John Warner of Virginia endorsed Marshall Coleman. On the eve of the election, former first lady Nancy Reagan told a reporter that North had lied to her husband when discussing Iran-Contra with the former president, effectively eviscerating him. North's candidacy was documented in the 1996 film A Perfect Candidate.[67]
In his failed bid to unseat Robb, North raised $20.3 million in a single year through nationwide direct mail solicitations, telemarketing, fundraising events, and contributions from major donors. About $16 million of that amount was from direct mail alone. This was the biggest accumulation of direct mail funds for a statewide campaign to that date, and it made North the top direct mail political fundraiser in the country in 1994.[68]
Douglas Wilder, the first black Governor of Virginia, who served from 1990 to 1994, originally entered the Senate race as an independent before dropping out.
Republican incumbent Slade Gorton, seeking his third non-consecutive term, defeated his Democratic opponent, King County Councilman Ron Sims.
Democratic incumbent Robert Byrd, first elected in 1958, easily defeated his Republican opponent State Committee Finance Chairman Stanley L. Klos.[70]
Klos campaigned as a "sacrificial lamb" against Robert C. Byrd participating in the Republican U.S. Senatorial Committee's strategy to re-capture a majority in the United States Senate in 1994. Byrd spent $1,550,354 to Klos' $267,165.[71] Additionally the Democratic Party invested over $1 million in that state's campaign to the Republican Party's $15,000. The GOP captured a majority in the U.S. Senate. The highlights of the campaign included the hiring of an actor to play Robert C. Byrd who toured in staged Statewide Debates when the incumbent refused Klos's invitation for a series of formal senate debates. The campaign also organized successful demonstrations against the Bill and Hillary Clinton National Health Care Bus as it traveled through West Virginia in the summer of 1994. Senator Byrd, while the bill was being debated on the Senate floor rose suggesting the brakes be put on approving National Health Care measure while the bus was completing its tour in WV. To Klos's credit, the campaign did not implement the "Death by a Thousand Cuts" plan proposed by strategists which was later acknowledged in speeches given and letters written by U.S. senator Byrd.[72]
Democratic incumbent Herb Kohl had little trouble winning a second term over former Republican state assemblyman Robert Welch.
Republican incumbent Malcolm Wallop retired after three terms. Republican Rep. Craig Thomas trounced Mike Sullivan, the state's two-term Democratic governor by twenty points.
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