Gallup Poll showing US change from majority approval (Nov. 2023) to majority disapproval (March 2024) of Israeli military action in Gaza.[1]
Protests, including rallies, demonstrations, campaigns, and vigils, relating to the Israel–Hamas war have occurred nationwide across the United States since the conflict's start on October 7, 2023, occurring as part of a broader phenomenon of the Israel–Hamas war protests around the world.
By December 5, more than 1 million Americans had participated in protest over the conflict, across over 2,600 events: 442 in support of Israel, and 2,100 in support of Palestine.[6][4] An escalation of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses began on April 17, 2024.
Four people have self-immolated in protest of the war: an unidentified woman draped in a Palestinian flag on December 1, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia, who survived with serious injures;[7] and Aaron Bushnell, a 25-year-old serviceman of the United States Air Force, in Washington, D.C., died in hospital on February 25, 2024.[8] The third by anti-war activist Matt Nelson occurred in Boston in September 2024.[9][10] The fourth occurred in Washington, D.C., in October 2024.[11]
National
Pro-Palestine protests were held throughout the United States on Black Friday with activists calling to "shut it down" for Palestine.[12] There were protests in Los Angeles;[13] Chicago;[14]Troy, Michigan;[15]Saint Louis, Missouri;[16]Estero, Florida;[17] and many other cities.
As of December 5, according to Harvard's Nonviolent Action Lab and the Crowd Counting Consortium, more than 1 million Americans had participated in protests over the conflict.[18]
"Ceasefire carols" were organized by activists throughout the United States leading up to Christmas 2023. Sarah Abbott who helped organize a carol outside Senator Amy Klobuchar's home was quoted in CBS Minnesota saying, "Our government is funding this genocide, white Christians have historically and currently played major roles in the perpetuation of Zionism, and as people of conscience, we can't stand by silently."[19] Ceasefire carols were sung in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Louisville, Kentucky;[20]Salt Lake City, Utah;[21] and in at least 17 other cities.[19]
In February 2024, a joint report by the Center for Constitutional Rights and Palestine Legal found widespread legal attacks against pro-Palestinian activism, describing it as "a dangerous attack on constitutionally protected speech and association".[25]
In April 2024, USAF airman Larry Hebert, a member of Veterans for Peace, began a hunger strike to bring attention to starving children in Gaza.[28] The Tax Day protests were held on Tax Day (April 15). After the police crackdown of the 2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation on April 18,[29] Gaza solidarity encampments spread to multiple campuses across the US, including MIT, Washington University in St. Louis, University of Marland, and Tufts University.[30]
2024 presidential election events
Following the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel and the Gaza humanitarian crisis, President Biden has faced sustained opposition and event disruptions from a vocal minority[31] of progressives, Arab Americans, and Muslims over his handling of the conflict and the creation of a protest vote movement against him.[31]
At a campaign rally in Virginia on January 23, 2024, incumbent president Joe Biden was interrupted more than a dozen times by protesters calling for a ceasefire.[32] The following day, he was interrupted by anti-war protesters in Washington, D.C., during an endorsement rally held by the United Auto Workers.[33] Following these protests, the Biden campaign took "extraordinary" steps to prevent pro-Palestinian protesters from interrupting the president, including avoiding college campuses, hiring private companies to vet attendees, and not disclosing his events' locations ahead of time.[34] On March 10, a protester at a Biden campaign event interrupted his speech, stating, "You're a dictator, genocide Joe. Tens of thousands of Palestinians are dead. Children are dying."[35] Protesters interrupted Biden speaking on healthcare in North Carolina, telling him, "Hospitals in Gaza are being bombed," to which Biden replied, "They have a point. We need to get a lot more care into Gaza."[36]
On March 28, Biden held a fundraiser for his presidential campaign at Radio City Music Hall, accompanied by former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, as well as other celebrities. Biden and the former presidents were repeatedly heckled during the event by pro-Palestine protesters, and a demonstration was held outside the venue to protest the Biden administration's policies in Gaza. According to Within Our Lifetime organizer Nerdeen Kiswani, about 1,000 were in attendance.[37] In April 2024, Biden cancelled a planned Iftar due to pushback from invited Muslim American attendees.[38] At the 2024 White House Correspondents' Dinner, protesters shouted "Shame on you!" at arriving attendees.[39]
Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses
Universities in the United States with Israel–Hamas war protests since April 2024. Columbia University is marked in red. Other colleges that had encampments are marked in green, and non-encampment protests are marked in blue.
Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses started in 2023 and escalated in April 2024, spreading in the United States and other countries, as part of wider Israel–Hamas war protests. The escalation began after mass arrests at the Columbia University campus occupation, led by anti-Zionist groups, in which protesters demanded the university's disinvestment from Israel over its alleged genocide of Palestinians.[40] In the U.S. over 3,100 protesters have been arrested,[41] including faculty members and professors,[42][43] on over 60 campuses.[44] On May 7, protests spread across Europe with mass arrests in the Netherlands.[45][46] By May 12, twenty encampments had been established in the United Kingdom, and across universities in Australia and Canada.[47][48] The protests largely ended as universities closed for the summer.[49]
The different protests' varying demands include severing financial ties with Israel, transparency over financial ties, an end to partnerships with Israeli institutions,[50] and amnesty for protesters.[51] Universities have suspended and expelled student protesters, in some cases evicting them from campus housing.[42][52][53] Some universities have relied on police to forcibly disband encampments and end occupations of buildings,[54] others made agreements with protesters for encampments to be dismantled,[55] and a number of universities have cut ties with Israeli institutions, or companies involved with Israel and its occupied territories.[a] The occupations have also resulted in the closure of Columbia University,[62]Cal Poly Humboldt,[63] and the University of Amsterdam;[64]rolling strikes by academic workers on campuses in California;[65] and the cancellation of a few university graduation ceremonies in the U.S., with protests occurring at various ceremonies.[66][67][68]
Over 200 groups have expressed support for the protests,[69] as well as U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders, various members of Congress, several labor unions,[70][71][72] hundreds of university staff in the United Kingdom,[73][74] and Iran's supreme leaderAli Khamenei.[75] The police response to the protests has been criticized by some Democrats[76][77][78] and human rights organizations.[79][80] An estimated 8% of college students have participated in protests,[81] 97% of protests have remained nonviolent,[82] and 28–40% of Americans support the protests with 42–47% opposed.[83][84] The protests have been compared to the anti-Vietnam and 1968 protests.[85][86]
Supporters of Israel and some Jewish students have raised concerns about antisemitic incidents at or around the protests,[87] prompting condemnations of the protests from leaders including President Joe Biden,[51] Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte,[88] and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu;[89] as well as concern from Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese[90] and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.[91] Students and faculty members who have participated in the protests, some of whom are Jewish, have said the protests are not antisemitic.[92][93][94]
Queer pro-Palestinian Protests
During Pride parades throughout 2024, pro-Palestinian protesters counter-protested against celebration. Many often disrupted parades, leading to significant controversy.[95]
Midwest
Pro-Palestine protest in Columbus, Ohio
Illinois
An October 14 protest in Chicago called for the freeing of hostages taken by Hamas, peace for Israelis and Palestinians, and an end to all killings of civilians.[96][97] On October 24, two men were arrested after one shot into the air and another pepper-sprayed pro-Palestinian demonstrators at an Israel solidarity event near Chicago.[98] On Black Friday, about 1,000 protesters marched on the Magnificent Mile retail district to condemn violence in Gaza. Police shut down streets and snowplows were used to corral the protesters.[99] On the day before Christmas Eve, a large car caravan organized by a pro-Palestinian group blocked the I-90 near O'Hare International Airport.[100] On New Year's Eve, hundreds of pro-Palestinian marched in Chicago, blocking the I-90 again, as well as the I-94.[101] On January 5, 2024, protesters at Chicago Union Station demonstrated for a ceasefire.[102]
Pro-Palestinian protesters in Bloomington on May 7, 2024
Pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian protests and demonstrations occurred on each side of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Indianapolis on October 12, 2023.[104] A pro-Palestinian protest took place on January 8, 2024, also at the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, where nearly 30 people attended before increasing to about 60 people, after moving to protest outside United States senator Todd Young's residence.[105]
On April 25, a pro-Palestine protest occurred outside the residence of state governor Eric Holcomb, which resulted in the arrests of fourteen people.[106] Additionally, protesters obstructed Meridian Street in Indianapolis on the same day, which led to the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department threatening arrests on them.[106]
Iowa
A pro-Palestine rally was held in Cowles Commons in downtown Des Moines on October 10 with approximately 80 people attending.[107]
On October 25, hundreds of Grinnell College students walked out demanding that the college stop any financial support of Israel.[108] On November 4, more than 100 University of Iowa students and community members from across Iowa gathered to rally for Palestine, calling for justice, peace and freedom from the oppression of Israel.[109] On December 17, nearly 150 protesters gathered in two separate demonstrations in front of Terrace Hill, the official residence of the governor of Iowa, Kim Reynolds, as she was hosting a Christmas party. One demonstration was pro-Palestine, titled "No Justice No Christmas", while the other was in support of Iowa's Area Education Agencies (AEAs), with 40 people attending. Other protesters spoke out against recent anti-LGBTQ+ legislation in the state and a local drag artist performed.[110]
Kansas
On November 14, 500 flags memorializing 10,000 Palestinians who died from October 7 to November 14 were placed on the lawn of Watson Library at the University of Kansas. The event was organized by the Muslim Student Association and Al-Hadaf KC.[111] The Muslim Student Association and Middle Eastern Student Association organized a student walk-out for Palestine on November 20 with the goal of the chancellor of the university, Douglas Girod, releasing a statement in solidarity with Palestinian people.[112] On November 30, pro-Palestine activists organized a sit-in at Strong Hall on the University of Kansas campus and hung banners inside and outside of the building. Protesters called again for a statement from the chancellor and criticized the university's involvement in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation.[113][114] Over 100 activists marched down Massachusetts Street on March 2, 2024, calling for "hands off Rafah", for more humanitarian aid, and to vote uncommitted in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primary.[115]
On the first day of Chanukah, December 7, around two dozen activists from Jewish Voice for Peace sat in Sharice Davids'Overland Park, Kansas, office calling for a ceasefire and for more humanitarian aid to Gaza. Protesters carried signs saying, "Chanukah for ceasefire" and "Stop funding genocide".[116][117]
Michigan
A group of pro-ceasefire activists gathered at the Gerald R. Ford Federal Building in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on November 7, resulting in three arrests for people who refused to leave the office of Representative Hillary Scholten.[118] In Detroit, a Thanksgiving Day parade was interrupted by about 200 pro-Palestine protesters.[119] On February 1, 2024, a group of Arab Americans protested against the arrival of Joe Biden for a campaign stop in Dearborn.[120]
On the 2024 Quds Day (April 5), a pro-Palestine rally was organised in Dearborn, where some protesters chanted "Death to America" and "Death to Israel".[121][122][123] The Al Quds Committee Detroit, who organised the rally, posted on Facebook that the chants were "wrongful" and "a mistake", but that they will also continue to criticise the foreign policy of the United States.[124]
Mayor Abdullah Hammoud spoke at a Dearborn rally on September 24, 2024, immediately following activist Osama Siblani. The two embraced as Hammoud joined Siblani on the stage. Siblani called to "return [Israelis] to Poland" and praised Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. Hammoud did not address the praise for the Hezbollah leader or the crowd's calls of "death to Israel", and did not respond to the media's request for comment.[125][126]
Minnesota
Pro-Palestinian protesters in Minneapolis on November 4, 2023
On October 10, a pro-Israel solidarity gathering took place at the Beth el Synagogue in St. Louis Park. U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar spoke: "They are trying to destroy Israel. We will not let that happen."[127] On October 18, a large crowd gathered outside the Minnesota State Capitol to support Palestinians in St. Paul.[128] On October 22, in Minneapolis, a pro-Palestinian rally took place on the Irene Hixon Whitney Bridge. A car drove through the crowd in the afternoon and a confrontation occurred.[129] A man was arrested in Minneapolis after driving through a crowd of anti-war activists.[130] On November 1, a protester interrupted a speech by Joe Biden in Minneapolis asking him to call for a ceasefire, leading him to respond that a humanitarian "pause" was needed.[131] On November 11, hundreds of activists marched Cathedral Hill to the state capitol demanding a cease-fire.[132]
Seventy pro-ceasefire protesters demonstrated outside of Democratic presidential candidate and congressman Dean Phillips' office in Minnetonka on December 6.[133] Hundreds protested for a ceasefire outside Amy Klobuchar's office on January 8.[134]
Pro-Palestine activists rally by the road at Mill Creek Park in Kansas City, Missouri
On November 6, more than 75 activists blocked the entrances to the Boeing plant in the St. Louis suburb of St. Charles, where the company manufactures bombs that have been sold to the Israeli government.[139][140] About 150 activists participated in a second protest, blocking entrances again on November 21.[141][142] Pro-Palestine students at Washington University in St. Louis (Washu) staged a die-in to pressure the university to cut ties with Boeing.[143] Student activists from University of Missouri-St. Louis, Washu, and St. Louis University called for their universities to divest and disaffiliate with Boeing over the company's weapons manufacturing in a letter endorsed by seven student groups.[144]
About 600 Kansas City residents attended a pro-Israel rally on October 9.[145] On October 15, hundreds of people gathered for a pro-Palestine protest at Mill Creek Park.[146][147] On November 8, 30 activists associated with Al-Hadaf KC and KC Tenants held a sit-in outside Representative Emanuel Cleaver II's office calling for his support for the Ceasefire Now Resolution.[148] On November 18, Cleaver called for a ceasefire, but did not sign onto the resolution.[149] In February 2024, the Girl Scouts threatened to sue a Missouri chapter for making bracelets for starving children in Gaza, leading the chapter to leave the national organization.[150]
Northeast
Students protesting against the war in Cambridge, Massachusetts
In Merrimack, New Hampshire, three protesters were arrested and charged with riot, sabotage, criminal mischief, criminal trespass, and disorderly conduct for a pro-Palestine protest that occurred at the offices of Elbit Systems, an Israeli "defense and homeland security business".[151][152]
On November 11, pro-Palestinian protesters gathered near Biden's residence in Wilmington, Delaware, calling for a ceasefire and accusing him of genocide.[153] On January 23, 2024, protesters outside a campaign event for Biden in Manassas, Virginia, chanted "Hey Hey, Ho Ho, Genocide Joe".[154] The Council on American-Islamic Relations called for a federal probe into violations of international law due to a real estate event planned at a synagogue in Teaneck, New Jersey, which would sell "stolen land" taken from Palestinians in the Israeli-occupiedWest Bank.[155]
On December 3, pro-Palestine demonstrators protested outside of Goldie, a falafel restaurant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Jewish shop owner was donating profits from the restaurant to Israel's Friends of United Hatzalah, an emergency medical fund established in the wake of the October 7 attacks.[156][157] Dozens of demonstrators were arrested protesting against the Pennsylvania Treasury Department's investment in Israel bonds at the Pennsylvania State Capitol.[158]
Connecticut
A protest was held at the University of Connecticut's main campus in Storrs by the UConn SJP chapter.[159] On April 19, 2024, a pro-Palestinian protest occurred on the campus of Yale University in New Haven.[160] Several days later, police arrested 45 protesters on the Yale campus.[161]
Protest against the war in Gaza at the White House, Washington, D.C.
Jewish activists protested for a ceasefire on October 16 at the White House, saying Kaddish, singing Jewish songs, and chanting "Not in our name". 49 were arrested: 16 for blocking entrances and 33 for crossing safety barriers.[164][165][5] On November 15, the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee was evacuated by the U.S. Capitol Police during a pro-Palestine rally, organized, in part, by IfNotNow, who reported that "police are being extremely violent" at the rally. Six officers were injured.[166] On November 27, a group of more than a dozen state lawmakers and activists, including actress and former-gubernatorial candidate Cynthia Nixon, launched a hunger strike at the White House calling for a permanent ceasefire.[167] On December 7, a group of doctors called for a ceasefire on Capitol Hill.[168] On December 11, a group of twenty Jewish senior citizens were arrested after chaining themselves to the White House fence in protest of the war.[169]
On January 13, 2024, thousands of Pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered in Washington, D.C., to protest as part of a worldwide day of protests against the war.[175]
On June 8, 2024, protesters held a "red-line" banner as thousands of people participated in a rally for ceasefire at the White House.[176] The Biden administration slammed the "repugnant" rhetoric voiced at the rally, during which pro-Hamas and pro-Hezbollah demonstrators called for jihad and the killing of Zionists.[177]
On October 5, 2024, more than a thousand protesters gathered in Black Lives Matter Plaza prior to the one year anniversary of October 7. During the protest, an attempted self-immolation took place when a journalist shouting about misinformation set their[b] arm on fire.[178][179]
Staffers
On November 8, more than 100 US congressional staffers staged a walk-out, demanding a ceasefire.[180] A group of 40 White House interns sent a letter to President Biden saying they would "no longer remain silent" about the genocide occurring in Gaza.[181] Josh Paul, a senior State Department official, resigned in protest of the US policy toward the war.[182] On December 13, more than 100 staffers from the Department of Homeland Security stated the department leadership had "turned a blind eye to the bombing of refugee camps, hospitals, ambulances, and civilians".[183] The same day, more than three dozen staffers in the Biden Administration held a rally outside the White House calling for a ceasefire.[184] On January 14, ahead of reports that federal employees were planning a walkout in opposition to U.S. government policy in Israel, Speaker of the House Mike Johnson stated the House Oversight Committee would "ensure that each federal agency initiates appropriate disciplinary proceedings against any person who walks out on their job".[185]
On May 15, Lily Greenberg Call, a special assistant to the Chief of Staff with the Interior Department became the first Jewish and fifth overall staffer to resign in protest of US support for Israel. Call alleged that Biden was using Jewish people to justify US involvement in the conflict.[186]
Officials' homes
Protesters demonstrated outside Antony Blinken's home accusing him of participating in genocide.[187] On December 12, hecklers interrupted a speech by vice-president Kamala Harris, demanding she call for a ceasefire.[188] A protest was held at Lloyd Austin's home on December 25.[189] Protesters again demonstrated outside Blinken's home, encouraging passing cars to honk their horns.[190] In late-January 2024, protesters began camping outside of Blinken's house in protest of the war.[191]
Government buildings
On October 18, about 300 protesters were arrested at a Jewish-led pro-ceasefire demonstration inside the Cannon House Office Building.[2] On October 31, antiwar protesters interrupted a US Senate hearing where Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin requested billions of military aid for Israel.[192] On November 3, a pro-Palestine group reported that 52 activists had been arrested for engaging in sit-ins in US Senate offices.[193] On December 11, 51 protesters calling for a ceasefire in the Senate building were arrested.[194] On December 19, protesters entered the US Capitol Building to protest against the war.[195] On January 17, 150 members from Mennonites Action were arrested at a pro-ceasefire sit-in in the US Capitol.[196] On January 14, 2024, protesters organized by Code Pink threw baby dolls covered in fake blood at the White House as part of the "National March 4 Gaza".[197] In March 2024, protesters blocked Pennsylvania Avenue in protest of Biden's 2024 State of the Union Address, with one demonstrator stating, "No more genocide with our tax dollars".[198] On July 23, a day before Benjamin Netanyahu was scheduled to address a joint session of Congress, the US Capitol Police announced that they had arrested about 200 protesters wearing red shirts that said "JEWS SAY STOP ARMING ISRAEL" in the Cannon House Office Building. Jewish Voice for Peace, who organized the sit-in, claimed that at least 400 were arrested.[199]
Aaron Bushnell
A vigil to Aaron Bushnell held outside of the Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C., February 2024
On February 25, 2024, Aaron Bushnell,[8] an active-duty U.S. Air Force officer, self-immolated outside of the Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C., protesting Israel's assault on Gaza during the war. Bushnell filmed the protest and livestreamed it on Twitch, and recorded as he walked up to the Israeli Embassy, saying "I am an active duty member of the United States Air Force, and I will no longer be complicit to genocide. I am about to engage in an extreme act of protest. But compared to what people have been experiencing in Palestine at their hands of their colonizers, it's not extreme at all. This is what our ruling class has decided will be normal."[200][better source needed] When Bushnell arrived at the embassy gates, he set his phone down to film himself dousing his body in a clear liquid from a metal bottle. He then lit himself on fire while shouting "Free Palestine".[201][202] Multiple police officers responded to the scene and used fire extinguishers on Bushnell. He was transported by the DC Fire and EMS to a local hospital where he later died from his injuries.[203] A vigil was held on February 27 in front of the Israeli Embassy to memorialize Bushnell.[204]
Maine
On Black Friday 2023, the Maine Coalition for Palestine held a rally near a shopping mall in Freeport.[205]
On July 27, 2024, at least nine protesters were arrested during a christening event for the new Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, USS Patrick Gallagher, for blocking the road outside the Bath Iron Works. Two were charged with obstructing a public way and the others were charged with criminal trespass.[206] Police from Bath and Sagadahoc County arrested the group which had split off from a larger demonstration of about 75 people.[207]
The Students for Justice in Palestine organized a protest at Harvard University in October, several days after numerous students were doxed for publicly supporting Palestine.[208][209] A pro-Palestinian die-in took place at Harvard College on October 18. A proctor in charge of overseeing freshmen was indefinitely relieved of his duties for participating.[210] On November 9, Harvard Rabbi Hirschy Zarchi spoke at a demonstration to pay tribute to the hostages held by Hamas, saying that anyone who justified the October 7 attack was "not just an animal. You're below an animal. You're a monster".[211] During a pro-ceasefire sit-in protest at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, 56 students and one university employee were arrested for trespassing.[212] Students staged another die-in at the UMass Amherst on December 6.[213] Anti-war student protesters at MIT were suspended for refusing to leave a campus building they were occupying.[214]
On Black Friday, protesters in Somerville targeted a PUMA store because the company provides equipment to the Israeli National Sports Teams.[215] On Thanksgiving, President Biden was heckled by pro-Palestine activists in Nantucket chanting "Free Palestine".[216][217] On October 24, hundreds of pro-Palestinian protesters gathered in front of Worcester City Hall.[218] On the same day, in Nantucket, protesters targeted a Christmas tree lighting attended by Biden and his wife.[219] Hundreds of pro-Palestine protesters rallied outside of a fundraiser for the Biden 2024 reelection campaign on December 5 in Boston. The demonstration was organized by the Party for Socialism and Liberation.[220][221]
New York
On November 9, 2023, 200 Cornell students staged a sit-in to symbolize the lives lost on both sides of the war.[222] On December 1, 2023, students at Cornell protested outside the office of university president Martha Pollack, holding a mock trial where they charged her with genocide against Palestinian civilians.[223] In March 2024, a group of 24 individuals, including two staff members, were arrested and charged with trespassing for staging a sit-in on the Cornell campus.[224][225]
New York City
General protests
Pro-Palestine march in New York CityStand with Palestine event
On October 8, 2023, one day after Hamas' attack on Israel, hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators rallied in Times Square, waving Palestinian flags, chanting "Resistance is justified", "Globalize the Intifada", "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free", "By any means necessary", "Glory to our martyrs", and "Smash the settler Zionist state".[226][227][228] Dozens of pro-Israeli protesters also organised a counter-protest, singing Hatikvah and chanting "Never again" and "The people of Israel live" in Hebrew.[228] Tensions were high between the 2 sides, with pro-Palestinian protesters chanting "700", referring to the confirmed number of Israeli fatalities in the attack at that moment, while the pro-Israeli protesters called them "terrorists" and "murderers".[228]
On October 14, thousands demonstrated against the bombing in Gaza.[229][230] A viral video from a pro-Israel protest showed several protesters explicitly calling for genocide against Palestinians.[231] At Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, about 200 rallied on October 18 to draw attention to hostages held by Hamas. Protesters included many family members of hostages and local Jewish leaders.[232] On November 6, around 500 protesters staged a sit-in at the Statue of Liberty, calling for a ceasefire.[233]
Protesters gathered in front of the New York Public Library on Thanksgiving Day. They clashed with police after being seen spray-painting graffiti on the building.[234] Pro-ceasefire protesters from Jewish Voice for Peace shut down the Manhattan Bridge for hours on November 26.[235] Protesters demonstrated at Rockefeller Plaza on December 25 to call for a ceasefire.[236] Also on Christmas Day, pro-Palestinian protesters clashed with the NYPD and several were arrested.[237] On December 28, a vigil for children killed in Gaza was held in Times Square.[238] A "Flood the Bronx for Gaza" march was held in the Bronx.[239] Protesters blocked several bridges entering Manhattan on January 8, as well as a tunnel-entrance for New Jersey-bound traffic.[240][241]
On October 14, 2024, about 500 protesters organized by Jewish Voice for Peace staged a sit-in outside the New York Stock Exchange as the market opened Monday morning.[242] Multiple arrests were made.[243][244]
On October 24, a protest organized by the Bronx Anti-War Coalition took place outside of Rep. Ritchie Torres' office in Fordham, Bronx. Nearby, more than 500 pro-Israel protesters, including a large number of students at SAR Academy, organized at nearby Seton Park to support the Congressman's position.[248]
On December 15, protesters gathered outside Chuck Schumer's office, chanting, "Schumer! Schumer! You can't hide. You're supporting genocide."[249] On February 7, 2024, Jewish protesters attempted to block Biden's presidential motorcade from attending a fundraiser with donors.[250] On February 15, protesters interrupted Tom Suozzi's victory speech, chanting, "You can't hide! You're supporting genocide!"[251]
University protests
Vigil for Israel at Columbia University
On October 26, a group of anti-war students protested at Cooper Union.[252] A group of Jewish students claimed they'd barricaded themselves in the library to hide from the "aggressive" protesters, but the New York City Police Department denied this, reporting that there had been "no danger" to the Jewish students.[253][252] The account told by the Jewish students was repeated by elected officials and media accounts, including condemnations from the Anti-Defamation League, the American Jewish Committee, New York Governor Kathy Hochul, and Manhattan Borough President Mark Levine.[254][253][255]
Anti-war student protesters at Columbia University reported experiencing targeted harassment.[256] Students walked out of a class taught by Hillary Clinton in support of Palestine after her comments against a ceasefire.[257] Pro-Palestine protesters heckled Clinton on November 29 at Columbia University's International Affairs Building and accused her of supporting genocide.[258]
In January 2024, students at a pro-Palestine demonstration at Columbia University were attacked with Skunk. One victim, who claimed that Palestinian friends recognized the odor as Skunk, described it as having the smell of "poop mixed with decaying animal".[259] Victims of the attack reported difficulty removing the odor from their clothes and other possessions, and that the effects of the spray including its odor, skin irritation, nausea, and dizziness continued days after the attack despite efforts to remove it.[260][261] In response, demonstrators organized a protest outside the university.[262] The incident was being investigated by the New York City Police Department as a potential hate crime.[263][needs update]Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace published a report in which they stated the perpetrators were former IDF soldiers and current Columbia students.[264]
At a pro-Palestinian rally held by students of Columbia University, protesters chanted "there is only one solution, intifada revolution", "Yemen, Yemen make us proud, turn another ship around" (a pro-Houthi slogan) and "NYPD, KKK, IDF, they're all the same".[265]
NYPD cleaning the "Gaza Solidarity Encampment", shortly after the arrests
On April 17, the campus occupation by student protestors at Columbia began, with protestors establishing the "Gaza Solidarity Encampment", which was dismantled by the NYPD but later set up again on another part of campus.[266]
Protests later spread to several other campuses, including Yale and NYU.[267][268]
On April 26, a Columbia student who had emerged as a leader of the protest movement was barred after declaring in a video that "Zionists don't deserve to live". Other protests groups condemned the comments, but the New York Times said they raised the question of "How much of the movement in support of the Palestinian people in Gaza is tainted by antisemitism?"[269] The Columbia encampment and many other encampments at American university campuses were ultimately cleared by police.
Institution protests
On November 10, protesters staged a sit-in at The New York Times, saying the newspaper was complicit in "laundering genocide".[270] The CEO of the Legal Aid Society said a resolution by New York City public defenders to condemn the killing of Palestinian civilians was antisemitic.[271] On December 7, Doctors Without Borders held a vigil outside United Nations headquarters in honor of the medical workers killed in Gaza.[272] Thousands of members of US labor unions gathered on December 22 in support of a ceasefire.[273] Rabbis for Ceasefire prayed for a ceasefire at the UN on January 9.[274] Protesters demonstrated outside of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center for its collaborations with Israeli medical centers.[275] On February 11, protesters at the Museum of Modern Art and Brooklyn Museum called on the institutions to cut ties with donors who had ties to Israel.[276] Protesters demonstrated against AIPAC at the lobby's New York office on February 23.[277] On March 14, protesters blocked The New York Times' distribution center.[278] In April, ads on MTA subways were replaced with pro-Palestinian messages.[279]
Event protests
On November 23, 2023, pro-Palestinian protesters disrupted the Thanksgiving Day Parade. Wearing white jumpsuits covered with fake blood, some glued themselves to the parade route along Sixth Avenue near 45th street. Protesters were reported at two other locations.[280] Pro-Palestine demonstrators held a vigil and a rally outside the Rockefeller Center during the annual lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree.[281] Police clashed with protesters at Sixth Street and seven people were arrested.[282] On March 28, pro-Palestinian protests occurred outside a Biden fundraiser at Radio City Music Hall.[283]
New Jersey
On October 22, an "emergency rally for Gaza" was held in Paterson.[284] On October 28, a Princeton University staff member assaulted a pro-Palestinian protester at an off-campus event calling for ceasefire in Gaza.[285] On November 20, three protesters were arrested in New Hampshire for demonstrating against and vandalizing the building of Elbit Systems, a defense company.[286]
On February 12, protesters organized by "American Muslims for Palestine" interrupted an event inside Drumthwacket, the Governor's Mansion in Trenton where Gov. Phil Murphy was hosting a celebration of the lunar new year. The group demanded that the New Jersey-Israeli State Commission be disbanded.[287]
Pennsylvania
On October 9, 2023, a pro-Israel demonstration was held outside the Kaiserman Jewish Community Center in Wynnewood.[288]
On February 24, pro-Israel and pro-Palestine demonstrations were held simultaneously in Lower Merion. The two groups largely avoided one another, though they briefly exchanged chants.[289]
In late April 2024, pro-Palestinian students set up protest encampments on the grounds of Swarthmore and Haverford College.[290]
Most pro-Palestinian demonstrations in Philadelphia were organized or supported by the Philly Palestine Coalition. The Coalition held its first pro-Palestinian rally since the start of the war on October 8.[288]
On October 12, pro-Palestinian demonstrators rallied outside WHYY's Old City studio in protest of local media's coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.[291]
Multiple pro-Palestinian protests in late October were held outside the office of Senator John Fetterman.[294]
On November 2, around 25 pro-Palestinian protestors were arrested after blocking the entrances to several Amtrak gates during a larger demonstration at 30th Street Station.[295]
On November 9, pro-Palestinian protestors held a die-in at City Hall.[296] Another demonstration was held outside City Hall on November 17.[297] Another was held on November 24.[298]
On December 3, pro-Palestinian protestors held a citywide demonstration with several stops, including Goldie, an Israeli restaurant owned by Michael Solomonov. Chants directed at the restaurant by protestors were condemned by politicians, including the Biden administration, Governor Josh Shapiro, Senator John Fetterman, Representative Brendan Boyle, State Representative Ben Waxman, and State Senator Nikil Saval. In their statements, politicians asserted that the restaurant was targeted for being Jewish-owned. The Philly Palestine Coalition denied this accusation, citing Solomonov's financial support for the Friends of United Hatzalah, an emergency services organization partnered with the Israel Defense Forces, Solomonov's Israeli government-appointed role as a "culinary ambassador", and allegations by former Goldie employees that they were fired for expressing pro-Palestinian beliefs.[299]
On December 10, a pro-Israel rally was held at Congregation Rodeph Shalom.[300]
On December 14, pro-Palestinian protestors were arrested after blocking I-76 and the Spring Garden Street Bridge.[301]
On February 13, a large pro-Palestinian demonstration marched through Center City.[302]
On March 2, a pro-Palestinian protest, which began at City Hall, blocked the Benjamin Franklin Bridge for about 40 minutes. On March 3, a pro-Israel rally was held in Rittenhouse Square.[303]
On March 9, a pro-Palestinian demonstration marched from Rittenhouse Square to the Spring Garden Street offices of Day & Zimmermann, a defense contractor manufacturing weapons used in the Israeli invasion of Gaza.[304]
On March 30, a protest was held in Center City with hundreds in attendance. 67 people were arrested for disorderly conduct after blocking I-676.[305]
On April 15, pro-Palestinian protestors engaged in a series of Tax Day actions intended to "block the flow of capital" and protest US taxpayer funding for Israel. Protestors slowed traffic and staged a car caravan funeral procession on I-95. They also blocked several highway ramps at Broad and Vine Streets and protested at City Hall, the IRS offices at 30th and Market Streets, and the Day & Zimmermann headquarters at 15th and Spring Garden Streets.[306]
On April 25, after a march from Center City to West Philadelphia, which passed through the campuses of Temple University and Drexel University, pro-Palestinian protestors set up an encampment on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania.[307] In the following days, the encampment grew in defiance of orders from the university administration to disband. Protestors vowed not to comply with ID checks by Penn police. A letter circulated by Penn Faculty for Justice in Palestine in support of the encampment collected more than 1,200 signatures.[307]
Six people were arrested during a pro-Palestinian 4th of July demonstration at City Hall, after protestors burned flags and scuffled with police.[308]
Several hundred protestors gathered at City Hall on the night of the 2024 presidential debate to protest the pro-Israel positions of both Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. Marching down Market Street, the protest made it to 4th Street before being hemmed in by riot police. Organizers told marchers to disperse, but a smaller number stayed behind and clashed with police.[309]
Rhode Island
On November 9, 20 Jewish students were arrested at Brown University for occupying University Hall and demanding a ceasefire and divestment resolution.[310] Charges against the Jewish students were dropped after a Palestinian-American Brown University student was shot and wounded in Burlington, Vermont.[311] At a vigil for the injured student, protesters chanted “Shame! Shame! Shame!” at president Christina Paxson, leading her to leave the podium.[312] On December 6, 41 protesters at Brown were charged with trespassing at University Hall for another sit-in protest to raise awareness about the same shooting in Burlington over Thanksgiving Break. On December 19, the university announced they would not be dropping the charges against the 41.[313] In February 2024, students at Brown announced they would be going on a hunger strike to protest their university's complicity in the war.[314]
Vermont
In Burlington, Vermont, large rallies were held in support of Israel and Palestine in October 2023. The Vermont chapter of the Party for Socialism and Liberation and Vermonters for Justice in Palestine held a pro-Palestinian rally. Governor Phil Scott, mayor Miro Weinberger and city council president Karen Paul attended a pro-Israel rally on Church Street organized by a coalition of local Jewish leaders.[315]
On November 9, protestors disrupted a fundraising event for Becca Balint, demanding that she call for a ceasefire.[316]
In April 2024, students at the University of Vermont and Middlebury College established protest encampments, urging their universities to divest from Israel.[317]
In Kentucky, the Students for Justice in Palestine organized a protest at the University of Louisville.[318]
At the University of Florida, Jewish students held a candlelight vigil.[319] At the University of South Florida in Tampa Bay, at least 200 marched at an Emergency Rally for Gaza following an official letter from the Chancellor of the State University System of Florida directing all SUS Presidents to terminate all pro-Palestinian groups.[320][321][322]
Clashes between supporters of Israel and Palestine were reported at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in front of the Wilson Library on October 12.[323] On Black Friday in Raleigh, North Carolina, people inside Crabtree Valley Mall made a false report to 911 that shots had been fired at a pro-Palestine protest. A large police response broke up the protest.[324]
On November 12, thousands protested Texas's support of Israel in front of the State Capitol in Austin.[325]
In Atlanta, protesters gathered along the presidential motorcade route to Rosalynn Carter's funeral on November 28, calling on Biden to end all aid to Israel.[326][327] A woman at the Israeli consulate in Atlanta self-immolated in protest of the war and was described to be in a "critical condition" on December 1.[328]
On January 8, 2024, Biden was heckled with chants of "ceasefire now" during a campaign speech at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in South Carolina. Biden responded, "And I've been quietly working, I've been quietly working with the Israeli government to get them to reduce and significantly get out of Gaza using all that I can to do that. I understand the passion."[329][330][331]
Protest against the SXSW festival in Austin, Texas, March 14, 2024
More than 80 musicians decided to boycott the 2024 SXSW music festival because of the event's partnership with the US military and major defense contractors.[332][333] The festival terminated its partnership with the US Army and the defense contractor RTX Corporation for its 2025 festival.[334]
On March 26, students at Vanderbilt University staged a sit-in at Chancellor Daniel Diermeier's office at Kirkland Hall after the school removed an amendment to prevent student government funds from funding Israel-supporting businesses. The amendment had garnered well over the required 600 student signatures. About 30 students partook in the protest and were forcibly removed the next day, 3 were arrested, including a reporter,[335] and multiple faced suspensions and imminent evictions from student housing.[336]
On April 5, protesters gathered around Harris County Jail in Houston to demand the release of protesters arrested during a separate Al Quds Day demonstration.[337]
Georgia
In late April 2024, at a protest at Emory University in Atlanta, philosophy professor Noëlle McAfee and economics professor Caroline Fohlin were arrested by police, according to CNN; after Fohlin questioned the police's use of force against people she identified as students, she was taken down to the ground by police and handcuffed.[338]
In June, 28 Pro-Palestinian protesters rallied in Atlanta where the first 2024 presidential debate was being held between Joe Biden and Donald Trump.[339]
On February 24, about 150 protesters calling for a ceasefire in Gaza, including indigenous elders and Juneau Assembly members Christine Woll and Paul Kelly, rallied at Marine Park in Juneau.[340]
On May 6, the Anchorage Assembly passed a resolution (8–4) calling for "a lasting peace in the Israeli-Hamas conflict".[341]
On May 18, about 100 protesters carrying signs calling for a ceasefire gathered for a rally outside of the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau.[342] Governor Mike Dunleavy had recently proposed a bill that would criminalize unpermitted street protests.[343]
Arizona
At the University of Arizona, a rally protesting against the bombing of Gaza was cancelled due to safety fears after university president Robert C. Robbins criticized its organizing group and urged them to conduct their protest "peacefully, safely, and civilly".[344] In March 2024, a young woman was dragged out of an event by security after interrupting Jill Biden by stating, "Jill, when are you and the president going to call for a ceasefire in Gaza?"[345]
On November 18, 2023, the California Democratic Convention in Sacramento was cancelled after hundreds of pro-Palestinian protesters descended on the SAFE Credit Union Convention Center.[346] On December 5, a Holiday tree-lighting ceremony at the California State Capitol was postponed due to a planned protest organized by the Sacramento Regional Coalition for Palestinian Rights.[347] On January 3, 2024, hundreds of protesters from Jewish anti-war groups, including Sacramento City Councilwoman Katie Valenzuela, shut down the California State Assembly at the Capitol in Sacramento on the House's first working session of the new year.[348] In June 2024, protesters hung a banner reading "Stop the Genocide" on El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.[349]
Los Angeles County
Pro-Palestinian protest in Los Angeles against the war in Gaza and Hollywood's role in dehumanizing Muslims, November 2023
On October 9, thousands of demonstrators expressed solidarity with Israel on Santa Monica Boulevard in Beverly Hills.[350][351] A UCLA student demonstrating support for Palestine was reportedly threatened with a knife.[352] On October 14, thousands protested against the bombings in Gaza in Downtown Los Angeles.[353] On October 21, thousands of demonstrators protested Israeli airstrikes, denouncing Netanyahu as a "war criminal".[354] On October 29, a pro-Israeli rally was held on Santa Monica Beach.[355] On November 4, hundreds of demonstrators marched to the Israeli Consulate in West Los Angeles, calling for an immediate ceasefire.[356] In Thousand Oaks, a 69-year-old Jewish man named Paul Kessler died after sustaining head injuries following an altercation during dueling protests on November 4.[357] On November 16, suspect Loay Alnaji was arrested on charges of involuntary manslaughter and battery with a preliminary hearing set for December 4.[358]
Protesters splashed red paint on the Raytheon headquarters entrance sign in El Segundo.[359][360] On Black Friday, hundreds gathered at Pan Pacific Park in the Fairfax District to attend a protest organized by A.N.S.W.E.R. to demand a ceasefire in Gaza.[361] On December 7, the UCLA chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace held a "Chanukah for Peace" event.[362]
Over a thousand pro-Palestine protesters assembled outside Biden's December 8 campaign fundraiser event.[363] LAPD used the term "first amendment events"[364] in regard to the protest, but declared the demonstration "unlawful" at 5:45 PM.[365] On December 14, 75 Jewish protesters were arrested for blocking the 110 Freeway.[366]
On January 1, 2024, about 50 protesters calling for a ceasefire and "justice for Palestine" stopped the Rose Parade in Pasadena for 10 minutes.[367][368]Khalid Abdalla wore a white armband and a dove pin to the 81st Golden Globe Awards to call for a ceasefire.[369] Hundreds protested outside the Grammy Awards calling a ceasefire, while singer Annie Lennox called for a ceasefire on stage.[370]
On February 12, hundreds protested the treatment of Palestinians in Gaza in a "Hands off Rafah" protest outside the Wilshire Federal Building in Westwood.[371]
On March 10, about a thousand people blocked streets at the Dolby Theatre, delaying attendees' arrival at the 96th Academy Awards. The largest groups organizing the protest belonged to "Film Workers for Palestine" and "SAG-AFTRA Members for Ceasefire".[372][373] Celebrities at the event, including Oscar nominees and winners, wore Palestinian flag pins and red buttons distributed by an advocacy group called Artists4Ceasefire.[374]
On April 10, a student led group called Pomona Divest from Apartheid at Pomona College occupied an administration building.[375]
On May 27, pro-Palestinian protesters blocked the 101 Freeway in downtown Los Angeles.[376]
On June 23, pro-Palestinian demonstrators attempted to block people from entering the main entrance of the Adas Torah synagogue, which was hosting a seminar about real estate in Israel and the West Bank.[377] The demonstration deteriorated into violent clashes between the anti-Israel participants and pro-Israel counter-protesters. President Biden tweeted "I'm appalled by the scenes outside of Adas Torah synagogue in Los Angeles. Intimidating Jewish congregants is dangerous, unconscionable, antisemitic, and un-American."[378][379]
On October 5, hundreds protested in Pershing Square as the anniversary of October 7 approached.[380][381]
San Diego
On October 15, hundreds demonstrated for Gaza outside the San Diego County Administration Building.[382] On October 21, hundreds of protesters organized by San Diego Coalition for Palestine shut down streets downtown.[383] On November 9, hundreds protested outside the headquarters of defense contractor Northrup Grumman demanding a ceasefire. Later that same day, medical students, staff and other workers at UC San Diego School of Medicine staged a solidarity walkout to protest the public health crisis in Gaza.[384] Both of these protests were part of the international "Shut it Down for Palestine" event.[385] On Black Friday, marchers participated in a die-in at a mall in Escondido.[386] On December 2, around 125 pro-Palestinian protesters disrupted a tree-lighting ceremony in Balboa Park.[387] On December 23, protesters calling for a ceasefire marched through Balboa Park for two and half hours.[388] On April 24, 2024, dozens of Jewish and Palestinian American protesters rallied in Balboa Park and then delivered letters calling for a ceasefire to representativeSara Jacobs' home nearby.[389] On October 4, about one thousand protesters marched in a pro-Palestinian rally in downtown.[390]
San Francisco Bay Area
Public figures and officials
On October 16, District Attorney Brooke Jenkins posted and then deleted a post on X where she called the demonstration of anti-war protesters a "pro-Hamas rally".[391] During the APEC conference, protesters demonstrated outside a fundraiser attended by Joe Biden and Kamala Harris, demanding an immediate ceasefire.[392] Dozens of Code Pink anti-war protesters gathered outside of Nancy Pelosi's home on December 3, calling for a ceasefire.[393] 700 staffers at mostly progressive Jewish organizations published an open-letter to Biden, calling for a ceasefire.[394]
On January 29, 2024, Nancy Pelosi was filmed telling a protester to "Go back to China" after they asked her to a call for a ceasefire.[395] On February 23, protesters marched inside the Fairmont Hotel, where Joe Biden was staying during a fundraising trip, chanting, "Biden, Biden you can’t hide, we charge you with genocide".[396] Protesters also demonstrated outside his fundraising event.[397] On May 20, about 30 protesters demonstrated outside a Harvard Club of San Francisco event that Nancy Pelosi was speaking at. One was arrested for disrupting the speech inside.[398]
On October 18, high school students across San Francisco walked out of class in protest of the bombing of Gaza and to demand an immediate ceasefire.[399]Fremont High School in Oakland drew headlines for raising the Palestinian flag on the campus' main flagpole.[400] Students at UC Berkeley hung a banner with the Palestinian flag on Sather Tower in an unauthorized protest.[401] In the Central Valley, students at Stanislaus State, UC Merced and Fresno State held protests in late October.[402] On April 22, students at Cal Poly Humboldt occupied an administration building "in solidarity with students across the nation...for Palestine". Arcata City Councilmember Sara Schaefer called the massive police response "overkill".[403][404][405]
Rallies, protests, and marches
In San Francisco, several hundred peaceful protesters marched on October 15 in support of Gaza.[406] On October 19, the San Francisco chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace chained themselves to the San Francisco Federal Building in protest at Israeli actions in Gaza.[407] On October 28, around 15,000 protesters marched in San Francisco, shutting down the Central Freeway for more than an hour.[408][409] In advance of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, protesters marked a self-driving car with "Free Gaza".[410] On November 5, a Jewish-led group of activists protested a gala for the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces at the Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos.[411] Hundreds of anti-war protesters were arrested for occupying the Oakland Federal Building.[412] On December 16, around 500 Google employees protested the company's $1.2 billion Project Nimbus contract with the Israeli military and government.[413]
On April 5, 2024, a rally organized by a group called "Vigil4Gaza" protested outside of the Palo Alto City Hall.[414] On April 17, nine Google employees were arrested on charges of trespassing after staging a sit-in at the company's Sunnyvale campus in protest against Project Nimbus.[415] On June 3, seventy people were arrested for occupying the Israeli consulate in San Francisco.[416]
On November 3, 2023, 200 protesters at the Port of Oakland chained themselves to the US military supply ship MV Cape Orlando to prevent its departure to Israel.[417][418] Anti-war protesters chained themselves together, blocking all traffic on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.[419][420] On December 6, hundreds of protesters laid children's shoes outside of the Golden Gate Bridge to symbolize children killed during the conflict. Afterwards, interfaith groups marched from both ends meeting in the middle to call for a ceasefire. One protester was arrested for climbing a flagpole and putting up a Palestine flag.[421][422][423] Protesters demonstrating against the planned Rafah offensive blocked the Golden Gate Bridge on February 16, 2024.[424][425] On February 21, protesters blocked Highway 101 to demand Biden to stop arming Israel and enact an immediate ceasefire.[426] In March 2024, a group of activists built a sign in South San Francisco visible from airplanes taking off from San Francisco International Airport (SFO) calling for an end of military aid to Israel.[427] Protesters at SFO shut down multiple security gates and roadways leading to the airport, holding banners that read "Stop Arming Israel".[428] On March 31, protesters chained themselves to the USNS Harvey Milk at Pier 32 in San Francisco.[429]
Idaho
In Boise, protesters set up an encampment in front of the Idaho State Capitol in early May 2024. The encampment was removed by police several days later.[430] On July 11, the director of the Idaho Department of Administration sued to repeal a 2014 injunction allowing "symbolic tents" at the Idaho Capitol Annex. Protesters organized by Boise to Palestine, Friends of Idaho, BSU Students for Palestine and the People’s University were named in the suit.[431]
Montana
In Missoula, pro-Palestine protesters denounced neo-Nazis who had tried to join their demonstration at the Missoula County Courthouse and had called for Jews to be "stopped". Analysts said these actions were part of attempts of neo-Nazis and other far right groups to hijack pro-Palestine and anti-Israel events to promote anti-semitic and anti-immigrant ideals.[432]
Oregon
On October 29, activists in Portland protested against the war, asking US Senator Jeff Merkley to call for a ceasefire.[433] Pro-Palestine students protested at Portland State University on November 8, calling for the university to cut ties with Boeing, which sells weapons to Israel.[434] On November 17, Portland's chapter of the Party for Socialism and Liberation organized a protest that blocked the entrance to a Boeing manufacturing plant.[435]
On May 2, a group calling itself "Rachel Corrie's Ghost Brigade" reported that it had cut through a fence at a Portland police facility and burned 17 police cars. Rachel Corrie was an American activist who died in 2003 while protesting the IDF's destruction of Palestinian houses in Gaza; she was crushed by an Israeli bulldozer and died.[436]
Washington
On October 29, hundreds demonstrated in Seattle's Pioneer Square to support Israel's war on Hamas.[437] On November 3, Jewish Voice for Peace activists in Seattle demonstrated outside the Henry M. Jackson Federal Building, demanding US Senator Patty Murray to call for a ceasefire.[438] On November 6, an estimated 300 people blocked the entrance of the Port of Tacoma to prevent longshoremen from loading suspected military equipment and weapons onto the MV Cape Orlando.[439][440] On November 11, a protest organized by the SamidounPalestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network blocked streets near Westlake Center in Seattle.[441] On November 19, hundreds called for a ceasefire at the Space Needle. The rally was organized by Jewish Voice for Peace.[442][443]
On December 7, University of Washington police in Seattle detained 36 people for occupying an administration building with demands that the school stop funding Israel and Boeing.[444][445] Protesters blocked and closed a highway on January 7, 2024.[446] On March 13, protesters demonstrated outside the Aerospace and Defense Summit to oppose Boeing's military ties with Israel.[447]
On November 6, Brandeis University became the first private university in the United States to ban its student chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine, saying that the leading factor in their decision was "the SJP’s support of militant group Hamas". A student spokesperson for the SJP chapter disputed this claim, calling it "unsubstantiated" and saying "we have not received any evidence that can lead to the suppression of our right to free speech." The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression said that "None of the chants or slogans cited by President Liebowitz come close to meeting the legal criteria for incitement or harassment," and that "Brandeis is punishing its students for nothing more than protected political advocacy."[448] On November 10, Columbia University suspended its campus chapters of Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace for repeated violations of campus event policies, thus barring them from hosting events on campus.[449] Columbia's decision was criticized by Naomi Klein and Noura Erakat.[450] After Harvard University president Claudine Gay condemned the slogan "from the river to the sea", more than 100 faculty signed an open letter criticizing her censure.[451][452] On December 14, Rutgers University became the first public university to suspend its campus chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine in response to complaints of disruptive behavior and vandalism.[453] Donors to top universities in the United States withdrew millions of dollars in donations in light of the universities' responses to Hamas' offensive.[454]
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on November 25 it was forming a task force to combat "those generating antisemitism on campuses" in the United States.[461] In February 2024, the ACLU signed a letter to US Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona calling on him to reject redefining antisemitism to include political criticism of the government of the state of Israel, saying it would lead to First Amendment violations.[462]
After Bret Gustafson, a Washu professor, posted online in support of a protest outside of the home of the president of AIPAC, the university stated that Gustafson's views do not reflect the university's, and that they would not tolerate "discrimination, harassment or threatening behavior".[463] Jairo Fúnez-Flores, a professor at Texas Tech University, was suspended for his social media posts related to the conflict.[464]Michel DeGraff, a professor of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was issued formal reprimands and denied a pay raise after he proposed to teach a course on language used to describe the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[465] Maura Finkelstein at Muhlenberg College was fired for reposting a poem on Instagram.[466]
Elizabeth Magill, the president of the University of Pennsylvania, resigned on December 9 following congressional testimony in which she asserted that the question of whether calls for genocide of Jews violate the university's code of conduct is a "context-dependent decision".[467] In January 2024, Indiana University fired Abdulkader Sinno, a tenured political science professor, in response to political pressure from the state's Republican legislators.[468] Students at Northwestern University faced criminal charges for publishing a pro-Palestinian parody newspaper under a law originally used to combat the Ku Klux Klan.[469] The New York chapter of the ACLU told Columbia University that the university must reinstate its chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine or face a legal challenge for First Amendment violations.[470] On March 12, the New York Civil Liberties Union and Palestine Legal sued Columbia University for banning the groups.[471]
Students in the United States have reported fears of losing future job opportunities for engaging in protests against military action in Gaza.[472][473] By April 2024, hundreds of students had been arrested, suspended, put on probation, and expelled, including 50 students who had been arrested at Barnard.[474] In June 2024, legislators in Pennsylvania introduced a bill that would block state funding for any college or university that divests from "commercial financial activity in Israel", unless it were for poor investment performance.[475]
Doxxing
The Israel on Campus Coalition reportedly engaged in covert espionage against pro-Palestinian student organizations.[476]Accuracy in Media sent doxxing trucks to Yale and Columbia, displaying the names and faces of students under a banner labeling them "leading antisemites" on campus.[477][478]Canary Mission published the identities and images of Harvard students involved in the issue of an open letter, published on October 7, that held "the Israeli regime entirely responsible for all unfolding violence".[479][480]
Firings
Susan Sarandon was dropped in November 2023 by United Talent Agency in response to comments she made at a pro-Palestinian rally she attended that month; Sarandon later apologized for the phrasing of her remarks.[281][481] A Google employee was fired for "interfering with an official company-sponsored event" after he interrupted Barak Regev by stating, "I refuse to build technology that empowers genocide."[482] In May 2024, a nurse at NYU Langone Health was fired for calling the war a "genocide".[483]
Political
Pro-Palestinian protest in Columbus, Ohio, 22 December
Nancy Pelosi drew condemnation after suggesting that some anti-war protesters were being funded by Vladimir Putin and should be investigated by the FBI.[484]Abdullah Hammoud, the Democratic mayor of Dearborn, Michigan, wrote: "So, based on Nancy Pelosi’s remarks, 76% of Democrats / 49% of Republicans / 61% of Americans are potentially paid operatives of Russia who are pushing Putin’s message of calling for a ceasefire?"[485]
Lobbying
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee sent an email to its supporters asking them to email their senators in opposition to a measure introduced by US Senator Bernie Sanders to investigate Israel's human rights practices.[486]
On January 10, 2024, The Jewish Forward reported that the Anti-Defamation League was including pro-Palestine rallies in its tallies of anti-Semitic incidents in the United States.[487][488]
Civil rights groups American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee and Palestine Legal described the response to criticism of Israel in the United States as "McCarthyite".[489]
Legislation
Senators Thom Tillis and Marsha Blackburn introduced the Safe and Open Streets Act to make it a federal crime to block a public road or highway, as a way to criminalize pro-Palestinian protests.[490]
The "Antisemitism Awareness Act", spearheaded by the Republicans but also backed by many Democrats, passed the United States House of Representatives in a 320–91 vote on May 1, 2024, and proceeded to the Senate.[491][492] The bill is intended to add the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's approved working definition of antisemitism to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits "exclusion from participation in, denial of benefits of, and discrimination under federally assisted programs on ground of race, color, or national origin".[493] Democratic Representative Sara Jacobs, who is Jewish, said she opposed the bill because "it fails to effectively address the very real rise of antisemitism, all while defunding colleges and universities across the country and punishing many, if not all, of the non-violent protestors speaking out against the Israeli military’s conduct."[494]
The proposed legislation would broaden the legal definition of antisemitism to include anti-Zionism, criticism of the policies of the state of Israel, and concerns about Palestinian human rights, by categorizing all of that as hate speech, and it has been criticized[according to whom?] for conflating "Judaism with Zionism in assuming that all Jews are Zionists" and automatic citizens of Israel rather than the U.S., thereby severely undermining genuine safety for Jewish citizens. It faces strong opposition from several Democratic lawmakers, Jewish organizations, and free speech advocates, including more than 800 Jewish U.S. academics, who signed a letter calling on Biden not to sign the bill.[citation needed]
Pro-Israel protest in Washington, D.C. in October 2024
Jeremy Ben-Ami, president of the centrist pro-Israel group J Street, said that his organization opposes the bill because it is an "unserious" effort led by Republicans "to continually force votes that divide the Democratic caucus on an issue that shouldn't be turned into a political football".[citation needed]
The ACLU sees the bill as an attack on First Amendment rights and argues that its "overbroad" definition of antisemitism "could result in colleges and universities suppressing a wide variety of speech critical of Israel or in support of Palestinian rights in an effort to avoid investigations by the Department [of Education] and the potential loss of funding".[citation needed]
Organizations like the Anti-Defamation League and Conference of Presidents have praised the bill, and it is based on definitions by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance that have been criticized by 100 Israeli and international civil society organizations that wrote to the United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres in 2023 urging the UN not to adopt the definitions.[495][496][497][498]
In 2024, Nassau County, New York passed a face mask ban, resulting in the arrest of a 26-year-old protester in September 2024.[499]
Investigations
On January 24, 2024, Palestine Legal stated it had received reports of activists who had written social media posts "criticizing Israel's genocide of Palestinians in Gaza" being visited by the FBI.[500] In March 2024, faculty at the University of Pennsylvania sued the school to prevent it from sending documents related to pro-Palestinian protests on campus to Congress, stating they opposed the "new form of McCarthyism, in which accusations of anti-Semitism are substituted for insinuations of Communist leanings which were the tool of oppression in the 1950s".[501]
Lawsuits
In May 2024, nine Israelis sued American pro-Palestinian advocacy organizations in federal court in Virginia for spreading "propaganda" in the United States.[502] A lawyer for American Muslims for Palestine stated, "It is absolutely a threat to free speech, and it's a threat to free speech on any front."[503]
^According to the cited WaPo source, this protester is said to go by they/them pronouns.
References
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Further reading
Serino, K. Tens of thousands have joined pro-Palestinian protests across the United States. Experts say they are growing., PBS, December 15, 2023
Lavietes, Matt. Israel-Hamas war protests have disrupted Pride marches across the U.S., NBC News, June 28, 2024
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