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Lista de personajes mitológicos filipinos

La siguiente es una lista de dioses , diosas , deidades y muchas otras figuras divinas, semidivinas e importantes de la mitología clásica filipina y las religiones populares indígenas filipinas conocidas colectivamente como Anito , cuyas extensas historias abarcan desde hace cien años hasta presumiblemente miles de años desde los tiempos modernos.

La lista no incluye criaturas; para éstas, véase la lista de criaturas mitológicas filipinas .

Descripción general

Las figuras mitológicas, incluidas las deidades ( anitos y diwatas), los héroes y otras figuras importantes del anitismo , varían entre los numerosos grupos étnicos de Filipinas. Cada grupo étnico tiene su propio panteón de deidades. Algunas deidades de grupos étnicos tienen nombres o asociaciones similares, pero siguen siendo distintas entre sí. [1] La diversidad de estas figuras importantes se exhibe en muchos casos, de los cuales un excelente ejemplo es el panteón ifugao , donde en un solo panteón, se calcula que solo las deidades suman al menos 1.500. Hay más de cien panteones distintos en Filipinas. [2]

Algunos grupos étnicos tienen panteones gobernados por una deidad suprema (o deidades), mientras que otros veneran a los espíritus ancestrales y/o a los espíritus del mundo natural, donde hay una deidad principal pero no consideran a ninguna deidad suprema entre sus divinidades. [3] Cada grupo étnico tiene su propio término general utilizado para referirse a todas las deidades o un subconjunto de deidades, de los cuales el término más extendido entre los grupos étnicos del país es anito . [4] El término en sí puede dividirse además en ninuno (espíritus ancestrales) y diwata (dioses, diosas y deidades), aunque en muchos casos, el significado de los términos difiere según su asociación étnica. [5] [6] [7]

Las siguientes figuras siguen existiendo y prevaleciendo entre la memoria colectiva y la cultura de los filipinos de hoy, especialmente entre los seguidores de las religiones nativas y sagradas filipinas, a pesar de siglos de persecución que comenzaron con la introducción del Islam no nativo y el cristianismo colonial que buscaba abolir todas las religiones nativas en el archipiélago a partir de fines del siglo XIV y se intensificó durante mediados del siglo XVI hasta fines del siglo XX. Este contacto entre las religiones nativas y extranjeras acumuló más tarde más historias, que también se convirtieron en parte de ambas religiones, con algunas modificaciones. Las figuras de deidades, espíritus y héroes continúan considerándose importantes y existentes entre las religiones nativas y la cultura filipina en general. Estas percepciones de la existencia de dioses, diosas, deidades y espíritus en las religiones sagradas nativas filipinas son las mismas que la forma en que los cristianos perciben la existencia de su Dios y la misma forma en que los musulmanes perciben la existencia de su Alá. [8] [9] [10] Hubo propuestas para revitalizar las religiones populares indígenas filipinas y convertirlas en la religión nacional del país durante la Primera República Filipina , pero la propuesta no prosperó, ya que el foco en ese momento era la guerra contra los colonizadores españoles y, más tarde, estadounidenses . [11]

Guardianes de la puerta de las deidades domésticas Religiones populares indígenas filipinas

Ivatán

Inmortales

Mortales

Isneg (Apayao)

Inmortales

Mortales

Tinguiano (Itneg)

Inmortales

Mortales

Kalinga

Inmortales

Ibanag, Itawis, Malawi

Inmortales

Gad'dang, Gaddang, Yogad

Inmortales

Mortales

Bontok

Inmortales

Mortales

Ifugao

Inmortales

Mortales

Kalanguya (Ikalahan)

Inmortales

Mortales

Kankanaey

Inmortales

Ibaloi

Inmortales

Mortales

Bugkalot (Ilongot)

Inmortales

Ilocano

Inmortales

Mortales

Pangasinán

Inmortales

Mortales

Sambal

Inmortales

Aeta (Agta, Ayta)

Inmortales

Capampangan

Inmortales

Mortales

Tagalo

Deidades tagalo antiguas documentadas por los españoles

Panteón tagalo de F. Landa Jocano

Panteón de anting-anting[212]

Otras figuras mitológicas

Mangyan de Taubuid (Batangan)

Inmortales

El hombre que se esconde

Inmortales

Mortales

Hanunoo Mangyan

Inmortales

Mortales

Bicolano

Inmortales

Mortales

Waray

Inmortales

Eskaya

Inmortales

Mortales

Bisaya

Inmortales

Mortales

Encantador

Inmortales

Ati

Inmortales

Mortales

Ilonggo (Hiligaynon)

Inmortales

Mortales

Capizón

Inmortales

Aklanón

Inmortales

Mortales

Karay-a

Inmortales

Mortales

Suludnon (Panay-Bukidnon)

Inmortales

Cuyonon y Agutaynen

Inmortales

Palawan o Palawano

Inmortales

Batak

Inmortales

Tagbanwa

Inmortales

Surigaonon

Inmortales

Mortales

Mamá

Inmortales

Subanón

Inmortales

Mortales

Manuvu

Inmortales

Bukidnon

Inmortales

Mortales

Higaonon

Inmortales

Mortales

Talaandig

Inmortales

Manobo

Inmortales

Mandaya

Inmortales

Mansaka

Inmortales

Kalagan

Mortals

Bagobo

Immortals

Mortals

Blaan

Immortals

Mortals

T'boli

Immortals

Teduray (Tiruray)

Immortals

Mortals

Maguindanao

Immortals

Mortals

Maranao

Immortals

Mortals

Yakan

Immortals

Tausug

Immortals

Mortals

Sama-Bajau

Immortals

Mortals

Footnotes

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References