stringtranslate.com

Lista de los destinatarios de la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro (R)

La Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro ( en alemán : Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes ) y sus variantes fueron las más altas condecoraciones en las fuerzas militares y paramilitares de la Alemania nazi durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial . La Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro se otorgaba por una amplia gama de razones y en todos los rangos, desde un comandante superior por el hábil liderazgo de sus tropas en batalla hasta un soldado de bajo rango por un solo acto de extrema valentía. [1] Se realizaron un total de 7.321 condecoraciones entre su primera presentación el 30 de septiembre de 1939 y su última concesión el 17 de junio de 1945. [Nota 1] Este número se basa en el análisis y la aceptación de la comisión de órdenes de la Asociación de Recipientes de la Cruz de Caballero (AKCR). Se hicieron entregas a miembros de las tres ramas militares de la Wehrmacht —el Heer ( Ejército ), la Kriegsmarine ( Marina ) y la Luftwaffe ( Fuerza Aérea )—, así como de las Waffen-SS , el Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Servicio de Trabajo del Reich) y la Volkssturm ( milicia nacional alemana ). También hubo 43 destinatarios en las fuerzas militares de los aliados del Tercer Reich . [3]

Estos destinatarios aparecen enumerados en la edición de 1986 del libro de Walther-Peer Fellgiebel, Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 [ Los portadores de la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro 1939–1945 ]. Fellgiebel fue el ex presidente y jefe de la comisión de la orden del AKCR. En 1996, se publicó la segunda edición de este libro con un apéndice que eliminaba de la lista a 11 de estos destinatarios originales. El autor Veit Scherzer ha puesto en duda otras 193 de estas listas. La mayoría de los destinatarios en disputa habían sido nominados para el premio en 1945, cuando el deterioro de la situación de Alemania durante los últimos días de la Segunda Guerra Mundial dejó una serie de nominaciones incompletas y pendientes en varias etapas del proceso de aprobación. [4]

En esta lista se enumeran los 448 destinatarios de la Cruz de Caballero de la Wehrmacht y las Waffen-SS cuyo apellido comienza con "R". El AKCR nombró a 447 destinatarios. [5] Scherzer ha cuestionado la validez de 11 de estas listas, pero también identificó a un destinatario legítimo adicional, Siegfried Rieger. [6] Los destinatarios están inicialmente ordenados alfabéticamente por apellido. El rango que aparece es el rango del destinatario en el momento en que se le otorgó la Cruz de Caballero.

Fondo

La Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro y sus grados superiores se basaron en cuatro decretos separados . El primer decreto, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 del 1 de septiembre de 1939 instituyó la Cruz de Hierro ( Eisernes Kreuz ), la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro y la Gran Cruz de la Cruz de Hierro ( Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes ). El artículo 2 del decreto disponía que la concesión de una clase superior debía ser precedida por la concesión de todas las clases anteriores. [7] A medida que avanzaba la guerra, algunos de los destinatarios de la Cruz de Caballero se distinguieron aún más y se instituyó un grado superior, la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con Hojas de Roble ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub ). Las Hojas de Roble, como se las conocía comúnmente, se basaron en la promulgación Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 del 3 de junio de 1940. [8] En 1941, se instituyeron dos grados superiores de la Cruz de Caballero. La promulgación Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 del 28 de septiembre de 1941 introdujo la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con hojas de roble y espadas ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern ) y la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con hojas de roble, espadas y diamantes ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillante norte ). [9] A finales de 1944, la calificación final, la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con hojas doradas de roble, espadas y diamantes ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten ), basada en la promulgación Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 del 29 de diciembre de 1944, se convirtió en la última variante autorizada de la Cruz de Caballero. [10]

Destinatarios

El Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Mando Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas) mantuvo listas separadas de la Cruz de Caballero para el Heer ( Ejército ), la Kriegsmarine ( Marina ), la Luftwaffe ( Fuerza Aérea ) y las Waffen-SS . Dentro de cada una de estas listas se asignó un número secuencial único a cada destinatario. El mismo paradigma de numeración se aplicó a los grados superiores de la Cruz de Caballero, una lista por grado. [11] De las 448 condecoraciones otorgadas a militares cuyo apellido comienza con "R", 46 fueron posteriormente condecorados con la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con Hojas de Roble, ocho con la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con Hojas de Roble y Espadas, dos con la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con Hojas de Roble, Espadas y Diamantes y una con la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con Hojas de Roble Doradas, Espadas y Diamantes; 41 presentaciones se hicieron póstumamente. Los miembros del Heer recibieron 295 de las medallas, incluido el destinatario adicional identificado por Scherzer; 16 fueron para la Kriegsmarine, 98 para la Luftwaffe y 39 para las Waffen-SS. [5] [12] Los números secuenciales mayores que 843 para la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con Hojas de Roble no son oficiales y fueron asignados por la Asociación de Receptores de la Cruz de Caballero (AKCR) y, por lo tanto, se indican entre paréntesis. [13]

  Esto junto con el signo + (más) indica que también se otorgó un grado más alto de Cruz de Caballero.
  Esto junto con el * (asterisco) indica que la Cruz de Caballero fue otorgada póstumamente .
  Esto, junto con el signo de interrogación (?), indica que el historiador Veit Scherzer ha expresado dudas sobre la veracidad y la corrección formal del listado.

Siegfried Rieger

Siegfried Rieger no figura en la lista de la Asociación de Recipientes de la Cruz de Caballero (AKCR). Según Veit Scherzer, Rieger recibió la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro el 18 de abril de 1945, como Oberfeldwebel en el Heer y Sprengkommando de la Luftwaffe I/III en el Luftgaukommando Berlin. [12]

Notas

  1. ^ El Gran Almirante y Presidente de Alemania Karl Dönitz , sucesor de Hitler como Jefe de Estado ( Staatsoberhaupt ) y Comandante Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas, había ordenado el cese de todos los ascensos y condecoraciones a partir del 11 de mayo de 1945 ( decreto Dönitz ). En consecuencia, la última Cruz de Caballero otorgada al Oberleutnant zur See de las Reservas Georg-Wolfgang Feller el 17 de junio de 1945 debe considerarse una dádiva de facto pero no de iure. [2]
  2. ^ Para una explicación de los diversos esquemas de nombres utilizados por la Luftwaffe, el Heer, la Kriegsmarine y las Waffen-SS, consulte la nomenclatura utilizada por la Wehrmacht y las Waffen-SS .
  3. ^ Según Scherzer como teniente . [14]
  4. ↑ Según Scherzer como piloto del I./ Schlachtgeschwader 77 . [14]
  5. ^ Según Scherzer, su nombre es Emil Rademann. [17]
  6. ^ Según Scherzer, más tarde llamado Waldemar Radener-Blaschke. [17]
  7. ^ La nominación de Helmut Radochla por parte de la tropa fue recibida por el Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Oficina del Estado Mayor del Ejército) el 21 de marzo de 1945. La nominación había sido presentada por la 212. Volksgrenadier Division , a la que estaba subordinado el 2./Festungs-Infanterie-Bataillon en ese momento, a través del Heeresgruppe B. Radochla figura con un número consecutivo 5156 en el libro " Verliehene Ritterkreuze " (Cruces de Caballero concedidas). Sin embargo, solo se anotó la fecha de inscripción del 21 de marzo junto con la recomendación del Mayor Joachim Domaschk "Cruz de Caballero sí". No se puede encontrar ninguna otra prueba de que se haya realizado la presentación en los archivos. Se había creado una ficha para la lista de nominaciones aprobadas o rechazadas. En el momento de la concesión, la 212. Volksgrenadier Division y, por tanto, el 2./Festungs-Infanterie-Bataillon habían sido cercados y hechos prisioneros de guerra por las fuerzas estadounidenses en las proximidades de Baumholder . El comandante general de la 212. Volksgrenadier Division, el teniente general Franz Sensfuß , que había sido nominado al mismo tiempo para la Hoja de Roble, fue pospuesto por el mayor Domaschk de acuerdo con AHA 44 Ziff. 572. Veit Scherzer sostiene que con una probabilidad muy alta el mayor Domaschk, sin mencionarlo, también aplazó la decisión sobre Radochla. Según la Asociación de Recipientes de la Cruz de Caballero (AKCR), la concesión se realizó de acuerdo con el decreto Dönitz . Esto es ilegal según la Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) y carece de justificación legal. La fecha de presentación fue asignada por Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. [18]
  8. ^ La nominación de Joseph von Radowitz para las Hojas de Roble fue recibida por el Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Oficina del Estado Mayor del Ejército) de la tropa el 30 de abril de 1945 y aprobada por todos los oficiales comandantes intermitentes. El mayor Joachim Domaschk dictaminó que la nominación era insuficiente y la desaprobó el 1 de mayo y recomendó "Decisión del Jefe del OKW". El archivo no contiene ninguna indicación de si esta decisión fue tomada alguna vez. Un mensaje de teleimpresora fue enviado el 2 de mayo a la unidad nominadora, al cuerpo de caballería, y otros mensajes a los oficiales comandantes del Panzer AOK 2 y Heeresgruppe Süd : "... fue desaprobada porque... no se han cumplido los criterios del Führer para las pautas de presentación. IA firmado Maisel " El número secuencial "882" fue asignado por la Asociación de Destinatarios de la Cruz de Caballero (AKCR), la fecha de presentación por Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. [18]
  9. ^ La nominación de Georg Radziej por teleimpresora, sin la motivación obligatoria, por parte de la tropa fue recibida por el entonces reubicado 1er escalón del Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Oficina del Estado Mayor del Ejército) el 20 de abril de 1945. Se prometieron más detalles sobre la nominación en el mensaje por teleimpresora que nunca fue enviado o se perdió. Radziej no fue incluido en el libro de nominaciones ni se creó una tarjeta de archivo. No se puede verificar una entrega Según la Asociación de Recipientes de la Cruz de Caballero (AKCR), el premio fue entregado de acuerdo con el decreto Dönitz . Esto es ilegal según la Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) y carece de justificación legal. La fecha de entrega fue asignada por Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. [19]
  10. ^ abcdefghijkl Los corchetes alrededor del título de doctor [Dr.] denotan que el título académico se obtuvo después de que se otorgara la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro.
  11. ^ Según Scherzer como comandante del II./Panzer-Regiment 3. [20]
  12. ↑ Según Scherzer como Staffelkapitän del 4./ Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 . [20]
  13. ^ Según Scherzer en Feldersatz-Bataillon 4 (L). [20]
  14. ^ ab Según Scherzer el 4 de septiembre de 1942 como piloto del III./ Jagdgeschwader 52 . [22]
  15. ^ Según Scherzer como Hauptmann de las Reservas . [22]
  16. ^ ab Según Scherzer como general mayor y comandante de Ergänzenden Einheiten und Schulen des XI. Fliegerkorps (unidades auxiliares y escuelas del 11.º Cuerpo Aéreo) y líder del Luftlande-Sturm-Regiment 1. [22]
  17. ^ Según Scherzer el 24 de octubre de 1944. [22]
  18. ^ Según Scherzer el 11 de junio de 1944 como líder del pelotón de pioneros del regimiento Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 3. [22]
  19. ^ Según Scherzer, murió en acción el 16 de noviembre de 1943. [22]
  20. ^ Según Scherzer, como líder del II. Regimiento de Artillería Panzer (automotorizado) "Großdeutschland". [23]
  21. ^ Según Scherzer como comandante de la 2. División Antiaérea. [23]
  22. ^ Según Scherzer como líder de un Kampfgruppe en el III./Luftwaffen-Regiment "Barenthin". [23]
  23. ^ Según Scherzer como jefe del 2./Gebirgs-Pionier-Bataillon 85. [25]
  24. ^ Según Scherzer como comandante del Regimiento Antiaéreo (motorizado) 41. [25]
  25. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves and squadron chief in Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon (A.A.) 256.[25]
  26. ^ According to Scherzer as Major.[26]
  27. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the Ost-Bataillon (estn.) 658 in the Kampfgruppe Speth (28. Jäger-Division).[26]
  28. ^ Alfons Rebane received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 February 1944 as Major and commander of the estnisches Freiwilligen-Bataillon 658 in the 28. Jäger-Division, at the time a Wehrmacht division and not part of the Waffen-SS. His nomination of the Oak Leaves was submitted to the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 12 April 1945. The German Federal Archives only hold a copy of the nomination. There is no indication or remark that the nomination was processed. The nomination list for the higher grade of the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves dates the nomination on 2 April 1945. This list also gives no indication that the nomination had been processed. The Order Commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed this case in 1974 and decided: 875th Oak Leaves on 8 May 1945. The sequential number "875" was assigned by the AKCR, the date was later changed by Fellgiebel to 9 May 1945. Rebane was member of the AKCR.[19]
  29. ^ No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Krätschmer (letter to Von Seemen dated 7 August 1980) the award was presented together with the Oak Leaves to Matthias Kleinheisterkamp. Presumably the announcement was made via radio transmission on 28 April 1945 from the Führer Headquarters in Berlin to the 9. Armee (9th Army) in the Halbe pocket. The radio transmissions received by the AOK 9 (Armeeoberkommando 9 — high command of the 9th army) in April 1945 were not retained. All communication to the Führerbunker in Berlin were out of order as of 5AM on 28 April. The order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed the case in 1981 and decided: "Knight's Cross yes, 28 April 1945", Gustav-Peter Reber was a member of the AKCR.[19]
  30. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./SS-Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 10.[26]
  31. ^ Later named Recktenwald-Wendel.
  32. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the I./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 1 "Totenkopf".[28]
  33. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the 1./Pionier-Bataillon 134.[28]
  34. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 7./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2.[28]
  35. ^ According to Scherzer as commander Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 126.[30]
  36. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberstleutnant.[30]
  37. ^ According to Scherzer on 3 November 1944.[32]
  38. ^ a b According to Scherzer name is spelled Otto Reichold who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as leader of the regimental pioneer platoon of Grenadier-Regiment 448.[32]
  39. ^ According to Scherzer as machine gunner in the 8./Jäger-Regiment 459 (L).[32]
  40. ^ According to Scherzer as radio troop leader in the Stab I./Grenadier-Regiment 358.[34]
  41. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./Grenadier-Regiment 44.[34]
  42. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant.[34]
  43. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./SS-Panzer-Regiment "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler".[34]
  44. ^ According to Scherzer as Ia (operations officer)/Commander Fester Platz Kowel.[34]
  45. ^ According to Scherzer killed in action on 16 January 1945.[34]
  46. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the Stab/Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 3.[34]
  47. ^ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[34]
  48. ^ According to Scherzer name is spelled Ewald Reineke.[37]
  49. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(F)/121.[37]
  50. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Infanterie-Regiment 337.[37]
  51. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 3./Flak-Regiment 36.[37]
  52. ^ According to Scherzer the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross were awarded on 5 October 1942.[37]
  53. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the II./SS-Panzer-Regiment 10.[38]
  54. ^ Voldemars Reinholds' nomination by the troop was received by Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 25 March 1945. The HPA created a nomination numbered 4940 on 30 March 1945. A file card listing the same information is filed among the rejected nominations. The column verliehen (Awarded) in the book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses) is blank. No proof exists that the Knight's Cross was awarded. The presentation date was assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[40]
  55. ^ According to Scherzer in the 2./Panzer-Regiment 6 [not a group leader].[38]
  56. ^ According to Scherzer for service in the Battle of Stalingrad.[38]
  57. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Infanterie-Regiment 89.[38]
  58. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberst of the Reserves and commander of Regiment "Reinkober"/Division Stab z.b.V. 609 (fortress Breslau).[38]
  59. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of Panzergrenadier-Bataillon 2101.[38]
  60. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the 4./SS-Kavallerie-Regiment 17.[42]
  61. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of Stabskompanie/SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 21.[42]
  62. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Panzer-Regiment 2.[42]
  63. ^ a b According to Scherzer on 29 February 1944 as pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 2.(F)/11.[42]
  64. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment (motorized) "Großdeutschland".[42]
  65. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of fortress Schneidemühl.[42]
  66. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 464.[44]
  67. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant and killed in action on 16 August 1943.[44]
  68. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of (Kosaken) Festungs-Grenadier-Regiment 360.[44]
  69. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 2./SS-Flak-Abteilung SS-Division "Reich".[45]
  70. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the 1./Kampfgeschwader 26.[45]
  71. ^ a b According to Scherzer as SS-Hauptsturmführer of the Reserves and commander of SS-Schützen-Bataillon 6.[45]
  72. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 6./Jagdgeschwader 52.[45]
  73. ^ No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. Presumably the award was presented by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich which would make it an unlawful presentation. The author was denied access to files, which could help clarify the case, of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) on the grounds of the Bundesarchivgesetz (German Archive Law). The presentation date 6 May 1945 was assigned by Fellgiebel. Scherzer questions whether this was done to place Rudolf Rettberg among the Sepp Dietrich awards. Krätschmer and Von Seemen state the 1 May 1945.[48][49]
  74. ^ a b According to Scherzer as SS-Hauptsturmführer of the Reserves and chief of the 3./SS-Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 1.[45]
  75. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 5./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2.[50]
  76. ^ a b According to Scherzer his name is Rudolf Reußner who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as pilot in the III./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann".[50]
  77. ^ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[50]
  78. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the 13. Feld-Division (L).[52]
  79. ^ According to Scherzer on 17 July 1943.[52]
  80. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon (A.A.) 24.[52]
  81. ^ The nomination by the troop via teleprinter message was sent on 25 March 1945, according to file card on 28 March 1945, according to the book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses) on 5 April 1945. The nomination was returned to the HPA/P5a (Army personnel office) by SS-Obersturmbannführer Wilhelm Kment, the adjutant of Heinrich Himmler and liaison officer to the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office), with the approval of Himmler on 29 April 1945. Retained by the German Federal Archives are four identical copies listing the approval of Friedrich Richter's divisional commander Heinz Harmel and the Reichsführer SS, as well as three almost finished nominations by the HPA. Missing is the confirmation of the commander-in-chief of the 9. Armee and Army Group Vistula. The nomination of the HPA Nr. 4729 is listed in the book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses), however lacks reference to this number and remained unfinished by the end of the war. The order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed this case in 1977 and decided "Knight's Cross yes, 6 May 1945". Fellgiebel later changed this date again. Krätschmer lists the 9 May 1945. Richter was a member of the AKCR.[48][56]
  82. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Fallschirm-Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 2 "Hermann Göring".[55]
  83. ^ According to Scherzer as Major.[55]
  84. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of the SS-Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 5.[55]
  85. ^ a b According to Scherzer on 24 January 1945 as pilot and observer in the Nahaufklärungsstaffel 13(H)/14.[55]
  86. ^ According to Scherzer on 18 May 1940.[57]
  87. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant.[57]
  88. ^ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[57]
  89. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 7./SS-Panzer-Regiment 10.[59]
  90. ^ Gerd Riedel's Knight's Cross nomination was submitted by the troop via teleprinter message on 6 March 1945. A stamp indicated an entry date of 8 March 1945. The written nomination was sent on 24 March and was received by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 28 April. A day later Major Joachim Domaschk processed this request and noted: "By no means sufficient for the Knight's Cross!" General Ernst Maisel disapproved the nomination on 30 April—he had been authorized to do so at this time. The troop was probably not informed of this decision. The IIa (Adjutant) of commander-in-chief North had entered Riedel's "pending" nomination on a list for approval by Großadmiral Karl Dönitz shortly before the German surrender. In parallel the HPA was informed and Oberst Goecke created an Heerespersonalamt-Außenstelle-Verleihungsvorschlag (HPA/A-VV—Branch of the Army Staff Office Nomination Recommendation). He had approved the nomination and backdated the nomination to 28 April. Neither the list nor the recommendation was signed. A presentation was never made and a legally binding disapproval was made by General Maisel. The presentation date was assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Riedel was a member of the AKCR.[61]
  91. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the 3./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 73.[59]
  92. ^ According to Scherzer on 8 December 1942.[59]
  93. ^ a b According to Scherzer on 18 February 1945 as latoon leader in the 4./Jagd-Panzer-Abteilung 2 [Panzer-Jäger-Brigade 104].[59]
  94. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the 1./SS-Panzer-Regiment 3.[59]
  95. ^ No evidence regarding the presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Fritz Rieflin can be found in the German Federal Archives. Walther-Peer Fellgiebel also had no evidence and wrote on 11 July 1983 to Mr. Eichhorn: "I have to rely on Krätschmer in Rieflin's case...". Unlawful presentation by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich. The date is taken from the announcement made by the 6. SS-Panzerarmee. Rieflin was a member of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[62]
  96. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän in the II./Schlachtgeschwader 3.[59]
  97. ^ According to Scherzer as messenger in the I./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 59.[59]
  98. ^ According to Walther-Peer Fellgiebel name is spelled Otto Rieß.[63]
  99. ^ According to Scherzer on 17 March 1945.[12]
  100. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the I./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 40.[12]
  101. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 5./Panzer-Regiment 5.[12]
  102. ^ According to Scherzer name is spelled Karl Rihsle.[12]
  103. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the 5./SS-Artillerie-Regiment 54.[12]
  104. ^ According to Scherzer as Richtschütze (gunner) in the 14./Infanterie-Regiment 513.[12]
  105. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Waffen-Grenadier-Regiment der SS 45 (estn. Nr. 1).[12]
  106. ^ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[66]
  107. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves, killed in action on 15 April 1945.[66]
  108. ^ a b The brackets around the professor and doctor title [Prof. Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  109. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 3./Infanterie-Regiment 36.[67]
  110. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Räumboot R-23.[69]
  111. ^ Heinrich Rodemich's nomination by the troop was received by Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 16 April 1945. Major Joachim Domaschk decided: "By no means sufficient". The HPA-VV file card Nr. 5084a (rejected) was forwarded on 19 April. No further notes or comments were made. The presentation date was assumed by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Rodemich is a member of the AKCR.[62]
  112. ^ According to Scherzer as Major of the Reserves.[71]
  113. ^ According to Scherzer on 24 June 1941.[71]
  114. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Füsilier-Regiment "Großdeutschland".[71]
  115. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 3./SS-Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 2.[71]
  116. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Oberst and commander of Flak-Sturm-Regiment (motorized) 4.[71]
  117. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 53.[71]
  118. ^ According to Scherzer as messenger squad leader in the III./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 5.[74]
  119. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän in the III./Kampfgeschwader 51.[74]
  120. ^ According to Scherzer as Hauptmann of the Reserves.[74]
  121. ^ According to Scherzer on 28 October 1944.[74]
  122. ^ No evidence regarding the presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Erwin Franz Roestel can be found in the German Federal Archives. Walther-Peer Fellgiebel states about Roestel: "Presentation Heeresgruppe Mitte before 3 May 1945",[77] thus making it unlawful. Fellgiebel certified, as head of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR), in a letter dated 11 June 1974 to Roestel that the AKCR has accepted him as a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron, legitimized by the Dönitz-decree.[62]
    The files of the AKCR reveal the following facts: Roestel assumed that Ferdinand Schörner had nominated him for the Knight's Cross in April 1945 because Schörner had said he would do so: " ... Schörner and I were standing with the famous test pilot Hanna Reitsch ... at a street in Marklissa ... Schörner then asked me ... Why don't you have the Knight's Cross already?... I answered: Because I am an assault artillerist. ... But this time ... you will definitely get the Knight's Cross, because I will take care of it!", so Schörner. Roestel therefore strongly believes that Schörner had nominated him. To the question, why the presentation was not made before the war ended, Roestel answered: "I can only assume that his nomination for my Knight's Cross was lost." Roestel sent an affidavit 24 years later to Schörner asking him for confirmation. Schörner answered: "Even though I cannot remember every detail I can confirm the factual content ... in all relevant points. The presentation to Roestel, based on my nomination, was the last honor bestowed by the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg."[78]
    Veit Scherzer concluded: Schörner did not confirm that he made the presentation to Roestel. He claimed to have made a nomination. Therefore it cannot be a direct presentation by Schörner himself. This leaves two alternatives, a presentation via the command chain or a direct presentation by Hitler. A nomination by the troop via the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) is not verifiable. A presentation via the command chain must therefore be ruled out. Roestel's reference to Hanna Reitsch, who managed to evacuate Feldmarschall Robert Ritter von Greim from Berlin on 28 April 1945, indicates that the meeting of Roestel, Reitsch and Schörner could only have taken place after 28 April. This however rules out a direct presentation by Hitler. All the radio connection to the Führerbunker were down since 5:00 on 28 April 1945. According to the AKCR the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date "3 May 1945" was assigned by Fellgiebel. Roestel was a member of the AKCR.[79]
  123. ^ According to Scherzer his name is Johannes Rötche.[74]
  124. ^ According to Scherzer missing in action since 11 May 1943.[80]
  125. ^ According to Scherzer on 13 July 1943.[80]
  126. ^ According to Scherzer as leader in Sturm-Bataillon AOK 8.[80]
  127. ^ Only a copy of the teleprinter message submitted nomination by the troop to the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) was retained. There is not a single comment or indication on this copy indicating that the nomination was further processed. A file card listing the same information is filed among the rejected nominations. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was copied by Fellgiebel and Krätschmer.[79]
  128. ^ According to Scherzer on 15 October 1943.[80]
  129. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of Pionier-Ersatz and Ausbildungs Bataillon 213 in the fortress Glogau.[80]
  130. ^ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[82]
  131. ^ According to Scherzer as leader 2nd platoon/3rd battery/Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 245.[82]
  132. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of Aufklärungs-Lehr-Abteilung 1.[82]
  133. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the Stab I./Jagdgeschwader 3.[82]
  134. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelführer of the 6./Sturzkampfgeschwader 1.[82]
  135. ^ a b According to Scherzer on 5 April 1944 as pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 53.[82]
  136. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders".[84]
  137. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./Grenadier-Regiment 4.[84]
  138. ^ According to Scherzer on 4 November 1942.[84]
  139. ^ According to Scherzer on 11 September 1942.[84]
  140. ^ According to Ernst-Günther Krätschmer and Veit Scherzer, Erich Rossner died on 30 July 1941, however Walther-Peer Fellgiebel states he died of wounds sustained in the defensive battle at Yelnya on 12 September 1941.[85][88][89]
  141. ^ According to Scherzer as Fliegerführer Nord (Ost).[88]
  142. ^ According to Scherzer name is spelled Heinz Rothhardt.[91]
  143. ^ a b According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves and leader of the 3./Grenadier-Regiment 544.[91]
  144. ^ According to Scherzer on 18 February 1945.[91]
  145. ^ According to Scherzer as chief of the 1./SS-Panzer-Abteilung 11 "Hermann von Salza".[92]
  146. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[92]
  147. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 12.[92]
  148. ^ According to Scherzer as shock troops leader in the 2./Pionier-Bataillon 49.[92]
  149. ^ According to Scherzer as adjutant in the I./SS-Grenadier-Regiment (motorized) 39.[92]
  150. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of gemischte Flak-Abteilung 303 (deployable).[92]
  151. ^ According to Scherzer as Oberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff).[92]
  152. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot and technical officer in the III./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"[95]
  153. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the regimental pioneer platoon/Grenadier-Regiment 45.[95]
  154. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 12.[95]
  155. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders".[97]
  156. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet".[97]
  157. ^ The brackets around the professor [Prof.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  158. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the I./SS-Freiwilligen Panzergrenadier-Regiment 48 "General Seyffardt" (niederl. Nr. 1).[97]
  159. ^ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./SS-Panzer-Regiment 5.[97]
  160. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Artillerie-Regiment 8.[98]
  161. ^ According to Scherzer on 8 August 1944.[98]
  162. ^ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 532.[100]
  163. ^ According to Scherzer as Generalmajor.[100]
  164. ^ According to Scherzer as adjutant of Grenadier-Regiment 11.[100]
  165. ^ According to Scherzer as commander of Füsilier-Bataillon 126.[100]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Williamson & Bujeiro 2004, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 4.
  3. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 113–460, 483, 485–487, 492, 494, 498–499, 501, 503, 509.
  4. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.
  5. ^ a b Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 347–368, 501.
  6. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 164–168, 630.
  7. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  8. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  9. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  10. ^ "Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944" (PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  11. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 630.
  13. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 102–111.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Scherzer 2007, p. 609.
  15. ^ a b c d e Fellgiebel 2000, p. 347.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Fellgiebel 2000, p. 348.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Scherzer 2007, p. 610.
  18. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 164.
  19. ^ a b c Scherzer 2007, p. 165.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 611.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Fellgiebel 2000, p. 349.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Scherzer 2007, p. 612.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 613.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Fellgiebel 2000, p. 350.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Scherzer 2007, p. 614.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 615.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Fellgiebel 2000, p. 351.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 616.
  29. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 351, 500.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 617.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Fellgiebel 2000, p. 352.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 618.
  33. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 352, 500.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 619.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fellgiebel 2000, p. 353.
  36. ^ a b c Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 353, 500.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Scherzer 2007, p. 620.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 621.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fellgiebel 2000, p. 354.
  40. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 165–166.
  41. ^ a b c d Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 354, 500.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 622.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Fellgiebel 2000, p. 355.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 623.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Scherzer 2007, p. 624.
  46. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 355, 501.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fellgiebel 2000, p. 356.
  48. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 166.
  49. ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 280.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 625.
  51. ^ a b Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 356, 501.
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Scherzer 2007, p. 626.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Fellgiebel 2000, p. 357.
  54. ^ a b c Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 357, 501.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 627.
  56. ^ Krätschmer 1999, p. 877.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 628.
  58. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Fellgiebel 2000, p. 358.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 629.
  60. ^ a b c d Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 358, 501.
  61. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 166–167.
  62. ^ a b c Scherzer 2007, p. 167.
  63. ^ a b c d Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 359, 501.
  64. ^ a b c Fellgiebel 2000, p. 501.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Fellgiebel 2000, p. 359.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Scherzer 2007, p. 631.
  67. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 632.
  68. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fellgiebel 2000, p. 360.
  69. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 633.
  70. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 360, 501.
  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 634.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Fellgiebel 2000, p. 361.
  73. ^ a b c Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 361, 501.
  74. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Scherzer 2007, p. 635.
  75. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Fellgiebel 2000, p. 362.
  76. ^ a b c d e Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 362, 501.
  77. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 24.
  78. ^ Scherzer 2007, pp. 167–168.
  79. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 168.
  80. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Scherzer 2007, p. 636.
  81. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Fellgiebel 2000, p. 363.
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 637.
  83. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 363, 501.
  84. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Scherzer 2007, p. 638.
  85. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Fellgiebel 2000, p. 364.
  86. ^ a b c d Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 364, 501.
  87. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 639.
  88. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 640.
  89. ^ Krätschmer 1999, p. 182.
  90. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fellgiebel 2000, p. 365.
  91. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Scherzer 2007, p. 641.
  92. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 642.
  93. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Fellgiebel 2000, p. 366.
  94. ^ a b Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 366, 502.
  95. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Scherzer 2007, p. 643.
  96. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fellgiebel 2000, p. 367.
  97. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Scherzer 2007, p. 644.
  98. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Scherzer 2007, p. 645.
  99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fellgiebel 2000, p. 368.
  100. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Scherzer 2007, p. 646.
  101. ^ a b c Scherzer 2007, p. 647.

Bibliography

Enlaces externos