2024 en paleontología

Overview of the events of 2024 in paleontology

La paleontología o paleontología es el estudio de las formas de vida prehistóricas en la Tierra a través del examen de fósiles de plantas y animales . ^[1] Esto incluye el estudio de fósiles corporales, huellas ( icnitas ), madrigueras , partes desechadas, heces fosilizadas ( coprolitos ), palinomorfos y residuos químicos . Debido a que los humanos han encontrado fósiles durante milenios, la paleontología tiene una larga historia tanto antes como después de formalizarse como ciencia . Este artículo registra descubrimientos y eventos significativos relacionados con la paleontología que ocurrieron o fueron publicados en el año 2024.

Flora

Plantas

"Algas"

Hongos

Hongos con nuevos nombres

Investigación micológica

• García Cabrera y Krings (2024) describen hongos que colonizan bulbillos de Palaeonitella cranii del sílex de Rhynie del Devónico , interpretados como distintos de los hongos que colonizan los ejes y ramillas de P. cranii , lo que podría indicar una colonización específica de órganos. ^[12]

Cnidarios

Nuevos taxones

Investigación sobre cnidarios

• Bruthansová et al. (2024) estudian una muestra de especímenes de Conularia fragilis de la caliza Koněprusy del Devónico ( Pragiano ) ( República Checa ), e interpretan que la curvatura de los especímenes estudiados ocurrió mientras los conuláridos estudiados estaban vivos. ^[21]
• Jung et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre muestras de coral de los arrecifes givetianos que aporta pruebas de que los corales tabulados y rugosos del Devónico albergaban fotosimbiontes activos que probablemente sustentaban la productividad de los corales en condiciones climáticas cálidas. ^[22]
• Lathuilière et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de los escleractinios actuales y extintos , centrándose en los miembros del Triásico y Jurásico del grupo. ^[23]
• Pisapia et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre la diversidad de corales desde el Burdigaliano hasta el Langhiano, miembro Wadi Waqb de la Formación Jabal Kibrit ( Arabia Saudita ), quienes interpretan la composición de los conjuntos estudiados como una indicación de que el joven Mar Rojo tenía una conexión con el Mar Mediterráneo , pero no tenía una conexión directa con el Océano Índico . ^[24]

Artrópodos

Briozoos

Nuevos taxones

Investigación sobre briozoos

• He et al. (2024) describen material fósil de Orbiramus ovalis , O. minus , O. normalis y Nekhorosheviella semisphaerica de la Formación Honghuayuan del Ordovícico (China), ampliando el rango geográfico y estratigráfico conocido de estos taxones y preservando evidencia probable de su contribución al desarrollo de los arrecifes de parche del Ordovícico Temprano. ^[30]

Braquiópodos

Nuevos taxones

Investigación sobre braquiópodos

• Huang y Rong (2024) presentan evidencia del estudio del registro fósil del sur de China, interpretada como indicativa de diversos entornos ambientales de la fauna de braquiópodos de Hirnantia durante la extinción masiva del Ordovícico tardío. ^[60]
• Shi y Huang (2024) presentan evidencia de una relación entre los cambios en la diversidad y la distribución geográfica de los braquiópodos durante y después de la extinción masiva del Ordovícico tardío, e informan de evidencia de una mayor vulnerabilidad de los braquiópodos endémicos a la extinción y sus consecuencias en comparación con los braquiópodos cosmopolitas. ^[61]
• Guo et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre la evolución de Terebratulida , Rhynchonellida , Spiriferinida y Athyridida desde el Pérmico al Cuaternario, quienes encuentran que después del evento de extinción del Pérmico-Triásico , a pesar de la menor diversidad taxonómica, los braquiópodos recuperaron los niveles de diversidad morfológica previos a la extinción. ^[62]
• Liang et al. (2024) describen material fósil de Anomaloglossa porca de la Formación Pingliang del Ordovícico ( Sandia ) ( China ), extendiendo el rango geográfico conocido de la especie desde Gondwana y Tarim hasta la Plataforma del Norte de China, e interpretan los fósiles estudiados como indicativos de un estilo de vida infaunal de A. porca . ^[63]
• Dattilo et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre las cicatrices musculares y la estructura de bisagra de Rafinesquina , quienes encuentran que el braquiópodo estudiado era capaz de abrir la boca ampliamente, lo que eliminaba las limitaciones en su orientación de alimentación y permitía una limpieza eficaz de las válvulas. ^[64]
• Shapiro (2024) describe material fósil de Dzieduszyckia del sílex devónico ( Nevada , Estados Unidos ), posiblemente indicativo de la presencia de una especie distinta de D. sonora en Nevada, e interpreta a Dzieduszyckia como capaz de sobrevivir tanto en entornos de filtración como de no filtración, lo que le permitió estar preparada para las crisis bióticas del Famennian y dar lugar a dimereloides posteriores adaptados a vivir en entornos de filtración o ventilación. ^[65]
• Popov (2024) informa sobre el descubrimiento de material fósil de un miembro del género Heterelasma de los estratos de Olenekian en el sur de Primorie ( Rusia ), lo que potencialmente representa evidencia de que los miembros de este género sobrevivieron al evento de extinción del Pérmico-Triásico . ^[66]
• Harper y Peck (2024) presentan evidencia de la desaparición de grandes braquiópodos de aguas tropicales poco profundas después del período Jurásico, lo que se interpreta como causado principalmente por el aumento de la depredación durofágica en estos ambientes. ^[67]

Moluscos

Equinodermos

Nuevos taxones

Investigación

• Rahman y Zamora (2024) publican una revisión de la evolución temprana de los equinodermos. ^[95]
• Novack-Gottshall et al. (2024) presentan evidencia del aumento de la diversidad de adaptaciones a diferentes hábitos de vida a lo largo de la historia evolutiva de los equinodermos del Cámbrico y el Ordovícico . ^[96]
• Waters, Bohatý y Macurda (2024) presentan evidencia del estudio de especímenes de blastoides de la pizarra de Hunsrück del Devónico y de Nümbrecht-Wirtenbach ( Alemania ), interpretada como indicativa de la presencia de tejido colágeno mutable en las estructuras de alimentación de los blastoides. ^[97]
• Yu, Lan y Zhao (2024) publican un estudio sobre la microestructura del braquiolo y los huesecillos de la teca de los eocrinoides , como lo indican los datos de Sinoeocrinus lui del Cámbrico Kaili Formaton (China). ^[98]
• Bohatý et al. (2024) describen nuevo material fósil de Monstrocrinus de los estratos Devónicos en Alemania y reinterpretan a Monstrocrinus como un equinodermo adherido y peciolado. ^[99]
• Limbeck et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas y la diversidad morfológica de los miembros de Paracrinoidea . ^[100]
• García-Penas et al. (2024) aportan pruebas de la presencia de crinoideos pedunculados pertenecientes al grupo Isocrinida en el entorno de lagunas poco profundas del noreste de España durante el Aptiense , e interpretan la ausencia de crinoideos pedunculados actuales en hábitats marinos poco profundos como probablemente causada por la presión de depredación. ^[101]
• El material fósil más joven de crinoideos pedunculados de aguas poco profundas reportado hasta la fecha es el de las facies marinas costeras poco profundas del Mioceno medio en Polonia, descrito por Salamon et al. (2024). ^[102]
• Blake (2024) revisa la clase de asterozoos Stenuroidea y nombra nuevas familias Hystrigasteridae, Stuertzasteridae, Erinaceasteridae y Ptilonasteridae. ^[103]

Hemicordados

Investigación sobre hemicordados

• Maletz (2024) publica una revisión del registro fósil y la historia evolutiva de los gusanos bellota y los pterobranquios. ^[106]
• Shijia, Tan y Wang (2024) publican un estudio sobre la locomoción de los miembros del género de graptolitos Demirastrites , que proporciona evidencia de un patrón locomotor rotatorio y de la evolución de la morfología en el linaje Demirastrites , lo que resulta en una mayor estabilidad y una mayor velocidad de rotación. ^[109]

Conodontos

Nuevos taxones

Investigación

• Shirley et al. (2024) presentan evidencia de un mayor control sobre la biomineralización a lo largo de la evolución temprana del aparato de alimentación del conodonto . ^[115]
• La redescripción de Stiptognathus borealis fue publicada por Zhen (2024). ^[116]
• Voldman et al. (2024) informan el descubrimiento de conodontos moscovianos de la Formación Río del Peñón ( provincia de La Rioja, Argentina ), que representan la aparición más austral de miembros del grupo en las altas latitudes de Gondwana del Paleozoico tardío. ^[117]
• Xue et al. (2024) presentan evidencia que indica que la diversidad morfológica y taxonómica de los conodontos se vio más afectada por el evento de extinción masiva del Capitaniano que por el evento de extinción del Pérmico-Triásico , y que ambos eventos de extinción fueron seguidos por innovación morfológica en los conodontos. ^[118]
• Yao et al. ( 2024) presentan evidencia del estudio de bromalitos con conodontos de la Formación Qinglong del Triásico Inferior (China), interpretada como una indicación de que los conodontos fueron una fuente importante de alimento para crustáceos, amonites, peces con aletas radiadas y celacantos del Triásico Temprano . ^[119]
• Wu et al. ( 2024) presentan evidencia del estudio de material de conodontes del Triásico Temprano de Nanzhang-Yuan'an Lagerstätte (Hubei, China) , indicativa de la preservación selectiva de elementos de conodontes relacionados con sus morfologías y los métodos utilizados para obtenerlos de los estratos fósiles. ^[120]
• Ye et al. (2024) proporcionan una redescripción y un diagnóstico revisado de Triassospathodus anhuinensis . ^[121]
• Golding y Kılıç (2024) publicaron un estudio sobre el aparato multielemental de Gladigondolella tethydis , quienes interpretaron que sus hallazgos respaldan la interpretación de que los elementos de Cratognathodus pertenecen al aparato de G. tethydis . ^[122]

Pez

Anfibios

Nuevos taxones

Investigación

• Retallack (2024) publica un estudio sobre los fósiles y paleosuelos del Grupo Devónico Hervey ( Nueva Gales del Sur , Australia ), quien interpreta sus hallazgos como una indicación de que Metaxygnathus vivió dentro de arroyos entre bosques subhúmedos, y sostiene que las extremidades y cuellos de los tetrápodos probablemente evolucionaron en arroyos de bosques. ^[136]
• Porro, Martin-Silverstone y Rayfield (2024) redescriben la anatomía del cráneo de Eoherpeton watsoni y presentan una nueva reconstrucción tridimensional del cráneo. ^[137]
• Chakravorti, Roy y Sengupta (2024) publicaron un estudio sobre los cambios en la diversidad de los temnospóndilos de la India y el sudeste asiático a lo largo del período Triásico. ^[138]
• Moreno et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre los cambios en la distribución geográfica de los temnospóndilos en el Triásico medio y tardío, e interpretan la cuenca centroeuropea como un posible punto focal para la diversificación y una mayor propagación de los temnospóndilos. ^[139]
• Gee y Sidor (2024) describen nuevo material fósil de temnospóndilos de la Formación Fremouw del Triásico (Antártida), incluidos restos del disorofoide relicto Micropholis stowi y restos de capitosaurios inmaduros que representan algunos de los miembros más pequeños conocidos del grupo. ^[140]
• Quarto y Antczak (2024) presentan evidencia del estudio de las mandíbulas de especímenes de Metoposaurus krasiejowensis ^{, interpretada como indicativa de diferentes estilos de vida de los miembros de una sola población de esta especie (algunos más acuáticos y otros más terrestres). [141]}
• Witzmann y Schoch (2024) publican una redescripción de la anatomía esquelética y un estudio sobre las afinidades de Plagiosaurus depressus ^{. [142]}
• So y Mann (2024) revisan fósiles de temnospóndilos de la Formación Moenkopi (Arizona, Estados Unidos) y reportan evidencia de la presencia de un miembro de Brachyopoidea con dientes grandes y robustos, distinto de Hadrokkosaurus bradyi y Vigilius wellesi . ^[143]
• Schoch (2024) publica una redescripción y un estudio sobre las afinidades de Hyperokynodon keuperinus ^{. [144]}
• Marjanović et al. (2024) publicaron un estudio sobre las afinidades de Chinlestegophis jenkinsi , cuyo análisis filogenético no respalda la interpretación de C. jenkinsi y los estereospóndilos en general como cecilias del tallo . ^[145]
• Skutschas et al. (2024) publicaron un estudio sobre la morfología y la histología del húmero y el fémur de Kulgeriherpeton ultimum . ^[146]
• Skutschas et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre la morfología e histología de los fémures de Kiyatriton krasnolutskii y K. leshchinskiyi , y encuentran evidencia de similitud en la estructura de los fémures de los miembros del Jurásico Medio y Cretácico Inferior del género Kiyatriton . ^[147]
• Syromyatnikova et al. (2024) describen material fósil de un miembro del género Andrias de la Formación Belorechensk del Plioceno ( Krai de Krasnodar , Rusia ), lo que representa uno de los registros geológicamente más jóvenes y más orientales de salamandras gigantes en Europa reportados hasta la fecha. ^[148]
• Skutschas et al. (2024) publican una redescripción y un estudio sobre las afinidades de Bishara backa , quienes recuperan esta especie como un proteido corona . ^[149]
• Chuliver et al. (2024) describen un renacuajo tardío de Notobatrachus degiustoi de la Formación La Matilde del Jurásico Medio (Argentina), que representa el renacuajo más antiguo reportado hasta la fecha. ^[150]
• Du et al. (2024) describen un espécimen de Gansubatrachus qilianensis preservado con huevos dentro de su cuerpo, interpretado como una hembra grávida esqueléticamente inmadura, de la Formación Zhonggou del Cretácico Inferior ( China ). ^[151]
• Santos, Carvalho y Zaher (2024) describen material fósil de una rana neobatracia indeterminada de la cuenca de Aiuruoca del Eoceno-Oligoceno ( Brasil ), ampliando la diversidad conocida de ranas de la unidad estudiada. ^[152]
• Falk et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre la tafonomía de fósiles de ranas del Eoceno de Geiseltal Lagerstätte ( Alemania ), quienes no encuentran evidencia de silicificación de tejidos blandos, así como tampoco evidencia de preservación de la mayoría de los tejidos blandos reportados como preservados en estudios anteriores, interpretan que los microcuerpos fósiles preservados con las ranas tienen más probabilidades de ser melanosomas que bacterias, e interpretan el modo de preservación de tejidos blandos en ranas de Geiseltal como similar al de otros vertebrados fósiles de ecosistemas lacustres. ^[153]
• Gómez et al. (2024) describen un nuevo conjunto de fósiles de ranas, que incluyen posibles braquicefaloides , odontofrínidos y hemifractidos , de la Formación Geste del Eoceno ( Argentina ). ^[154]
• Zimicz et al. (2024) describen restos de Ceratophrys de la Formación Palo Pintado (Salta, Argentina), interpretados como evidencia de condiciones climáticas en el Mioceno tardío similares a las del Gran Chaco semiárido. ^[155]
• Venczel et al. (2024) publican una descripción de los conjuntos de anfibios de los estratos del Eoceno tardío y el Oligoceno temprano de la cuenca de Transilvania ( Rumania ). ^[156]
• Villa, Macaluso y Mörs (2024) describen un conjunto diverso de fósiles de anfibios de los estratos del Mioceno y Plioceno de la mina a cielo abierto de Hambach (Alemania), quienes interpretan los fósiles estudiados como indicativos de un clima húmedo que persistió en el área durante todo el Neógeno. ^[157]
• Georgalis et al. (2024) describen nuevo material fósil de anfibios, incluidos dos taxones de salamandras y siete de ranas, de localidades del Mioceno y el Plioceno en Grecia. ^[158]
• Bulanov (2024) publica nueva información sobre la morfología y distribución de Kotlassia prima , basada en el estudio de restos de cinco localidades de Europa del Este, e interpreta que los restos estudiados extienden el rango estratigráfico de Kotlassia hasta el Pérmico terminal, además de sugerir una ecología más terrestre para el estado adulto de K. prima en comparación con sus parientes del Pérmico tardío, e indicar que K. prima era un depredador con un amplio nicho trófico. ^[159]
• Reisz , Maho y Modesto (2024) reevalúan las afinidades de los recumbirostranos y los lisorofinos , argumentando que los tetrápodos estudiados no eran amniotas . ^[160]
• Modesto (2024) revisa los estudios filogenéticos que recuperaron diadectomorfos o recumbirostrans dentro del grupo corona de Amniota, y argumenta que los datos presentados hasta ahora no son suficientes para clasificar con confianza a ambos grupos como amniotas. ^[161]
• Voigt et al. (2024) describieron huellas de diadectidos asociadas con una impresión corporal escamosa parcial de los estratos pérmicos en Polonia , proporcionando evidencia de la presencia de escamas con cuernos en tetrápodos cerca del origen de los amniotas. ^[162]

Reptiles

Sinápsidos

Sinápsidos no mamíferos

Nuevos taxones

Investigación

• Singh et al. (2024) proporcionan evidencia de un cambio dramático en la morfología funcional de la mandíbula de los sinápsidos carnívoros a lo largo de la transición del Pérmico temprano al medio, e interpretan sus hallazgos como indicativos de cambios en las ecologías de alimentación de los sinápsidos depredadores relacionados con comportamientos e interacciones cada vez más dinámicos en el intervalo de tiempo estudiado. ^[172]
• Harano y Asahara (2024) publican un estudio sobre la evolución de la morfología dental de sinápsidos no mamíferos, que aporta evidencia de una evolución independiente de dientes morfológicamente complejos en múltiples linajes de sinápsidos y evidencia de una simplificación secundaria independiente de los dientes en al menos dos linajes de cinodontes no mamíferos. ^[173]
• Jones, Angielczyk y Pierce (2024) reconstruyen el rango de movimiento de las articulaciones intervertebrales de ocho sinápsidos no mamíferos y sostienen que varios aspectos clave de la función vertebral de los mamíferos evolucionaron por primera vez antes de la aparición del grupo de la corona de los mamíferos . ^[174]
• Bishop & Pierce (2024) presentan reconstrucciones de la musculatura de las extremidades posteriores de Ophiacodon retroversus , Dimetrodon milleri , Oudenodon bainii , Lycaenops ornatus , Regisaurus jacobi , Massetognathus pascuali , Megazostrodon y Vincelestes neuquenianus . ^[175]
• Bishop y Pierce (2024) estudian la evolución locomotora de los sinápsidos, proporcionando evidencia de una historia compleja de cambios en la versatilidad locomotora durante la evolución de los sinápsidos (incluidos aumentos temporales del rendimiento de las extremidades traseras en terápsidos no cinodontes y cinodontes tempranos, seguidos de una reversión en el rendimiento locomotor en sinápsidos divergentes posteriores), e informan evidencia que indica que la función erecta de las extremidades traseras similar a la de los terios solo evolucionó poco antes del origen del grupo de la corona de los propios terios. ^[176]
• Maho et al. (2024 ) presentan evidencia de la diferenciación funcional de los dientes de Mesenosaurus efremovi ^{[177] .}
• Maho, Holmes y Reisz (2024) describen nuevo material fósil de sinápsidos de gran tamaño de la localidad de Richards Spur ( Oklahoma , Estados Unidos ), incluido material fósil de un esfenacodóntido que podría ser distinto de los miembros conocidos del grupo y el primer material de ofiacodóntido de esta localidad; los autores utilizan fotografías, dibujos punteados y dibujos de coquille para la representación visual del material estudiado, y argumentan que tres formas de representación visual proporcionan más información sobre los especímenes en comparación con el uso exclusivo de fotografías. ^[178]
• Benoit et al. (2024) informan evidencia de adaptaciones neurológicas de Cistecynodon parvus a la audición de baja frecuencia y condiciones de poca luz, evidencia de que los jefes faciales de Pachydectes elsi probablemente estaban ricamente inervados y eran más adecuados para la exhibición, la comunicación o el reconocimiento de especies que el combate físico, y evidencia de una lesión curada en la caja craneana en un espécimen de Moschognathus whaitsi , interpretada como una probable lesión relacionada con un cabezazo resultante de la pelea de juego de los juveniles. ^[179]
• Benoit y Midzuk (2024) proporcionan nuevas estimaciones del volumen endocraneal y el tamaño corporal de Anteosaurus magnificus , Jonkeria truculenta y Moschops sp. ^[180]
• La descripción de la morfología craneal de Jonkeria truculenta es publicada por Jirah, Rubidge y Abdala (2024), quienes también revisan la familia Titanosuchidae y la interpretan como que incluye dos especies válidas ( Jonkeria truculenta y Titanosuchus ferox ). ^[181]
• Bulanov (2024) reinterpreta al supuesto bolosáurido Davletkulia gigantea como un dinocéfalo perteneciente al grupo Tapinocephaloidea. ^[182]
• Rabe et al. (2024) publicaron evidencia de diferencias significativas en la forma de los cráneos de juveniles y adultos de Diictodon feliceps , probablemente causadas por el desarrollo de la musculatura de la mandíbula relacionada con un cambio en la dieta más adelante en la ontogenia . ^[183]
• La revisión taxonómica del género Endothiodon fue publicada por Maharaj et al. (2024). ^[184]
• Shi y Liu (2024) describen nuevos especímenes de Turfanodon bogdaensis de la Formación Guodikeng del Pérmico (Turpan, Xinjiang, China), proporcionando nueva información sobre la anatomía esquelética de esta especie. ^[185]
• George et al. (2024) publican una descripción de la anatomía del cráneo y un estudio sobre las afinidades de Gordonia ^{. [186]}
• Pinto et al. (2024) probaron el dimorfismo sexual en Placerias y encontraron evidencia estadística de dos morfos del tamaño y la longitud del proceso caniniforme, pero en ningún otro elemento estudiado, y sugieren que este es un rasgo sexual secundario. ^[187]
• Sulej (2024) publicó un estudio sobre la anatomía esquelética y las relaciones filogenéticas de Lisowicia bojani ^{. [188]}
• Sidor y Mann (2024) describen un esternón articulado y una interclavícula de un espécimen de Aelurognathus tigriceps de la Formación Mudstone Madumabisa superior ( Zambia ), proporcionando nueva información sobre la anatomía del esternón en gorgonopsianos . ^[189]
• Brant y Sidor (2024) describen una premaxila de un miembro del género Inostrancevia de la Formación Usili del Pérmico ( Tanzania ), lo que representa el registro más antiguo del género del hemisferio sur reportado hasta la fecha. ^[190]
• Benoit et al. (2024) reevalúan la procedencia de tres especímenes de gorgonopsianos de supuestos estratos del Triásico Inferior en la Cuenca del Karoo (Sudáfrica), e interpretan que los fósiles estudiados expanden el rango del género Cyonosaurus más arriba en la zona de extinción, pero no confirman la supervivencia de los gorgonopsianos más allá del evento de extinción del Pérmico-Triásico . ^[191]
• Un estudio sobre la filogenia de Eutheriodontia y sobre la evolución de caracteres dentro del grupo es publicado por Pusch, Kammerer & Fröbisch (2024), quienes recuperan a los terocéfalos como parafiléticos con respecto a los cinodontos. ^[192]
• Stuart, Huttenlocker y Botha (2024) describen la anatomía del esqueleto postcraneal de Moschorhinus kitchingi . ^[193]
• Benoit et al. (2024) presentan evidencia del estudio sobre la localidad tipo de Nythosaurus larvatus , interpretada como indicativa de la singularidad de este taxón y su edad Olenekiana tardía. ^[194]
• Hendrickx et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre la complejidad dental en cinodontes gonfodontes a través del tiempo, que indica que el pico de complejidad postcanina se alcanzó temprano en la evolución de los gonfodontes. ^[195]
• Müller et al. (2024) informan del primer descubrimiento de fósiles de Protuberum cabralense del sitio Linha Várzea 1 del Ladiniano tardío al Carniano temprano (Brasil), y encuentran que Protuberum está ausente en los sitios fosilíferos que produjeron fósiles de Luangwa , lo que podría ser indicativo de una subdivisión dentro de la Zona de Ensamblaje de Dinodontosaurus . ^[196]
• Schmitt et al. (2024) revisan la anatomía del cráneo de Protuberum cabralense , lo reinterpretan como anidado fuera de Gomphodontosuchinae e informan nuevas apariciones de la especie que expanden su distribución geográfica dentro de la Zona de Ensamblaje de Dinodontosaurus . ^[197]
• Roese-Miron et al. (2024) informan del descubrimiento de un espécimen de Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum en estratos del Triásico Superior del sitio Várzea do Agudo (Secuencia Candelária de la Supersecuencia Santa Maria, Brasil), encontrado por encima de las capas que producen Exaeretodon riograndensis , y evalúan las implicaciones de este hallazgo para la bioestratigrafía de los sitios de la Secuencia Candelária. ^[198]
• Figueiredo et al. (2024) describen una nueva concentración de fósiles de Exaeretodon riograndensis del sitio Várzea do Agudo, preservando especímenes que representan varios estadios ontogenéticos, e interpretan esta concentración como sugestiva de un comportamiento gregario en E. riograndensis . ^[199]
• Kaiuca et al. (2024) proporcionan nuevas estimaciones de masa corporal para múltiples taxones de cinodontes e informan que las tasas de evolución del tamaño corporal fueron más bajas en los prozostrodontes ancestrales de los primeros Mammaliaformes que en otros linajes. ^[200]
• Fonseca et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre las cavidades nasales de Thrinaxodon , Chiniquodon , Prozostrodon , Riograndia y Brasilodon , quienes no encuentran evidencia de la presencia de turbinas osificadas en las cavidades nasales de los cinodontos estudiados, pero reportan evidencia de un aumento en la complejidad anatómica de las estructuras que anclan los cartílagos en la región nasal en linajes de cinodontos más cercanos a los mamíferos. ^[201]
• Rawson et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre la anatomía de la articulación de la mandíbula de Brasilodon quadrangularis , Riograndia guaibensis y Oligokyphus major , quienes encuentran que un contacto dentario-escamoso evolucionó independientemente en los ictidosaurios antes de su primera aparición en los mamíferos. ^[202]
• La descripción de la anatomía del canal maxilar de Riograndia guaibensis es publicada por Fonseca et al. (2024), quienes reportan evidencia de la presencia de neumatización en la región anterior del cráneo. ^[203]
• Szczygielski et al. (2024) redescriben Saurodesmus robertsoni , interpretándolo como un taxón de cinodonte válido, posiblemente perteneciente a la familia Tritylodontidae . ^[204]
• Hurtado, Harris y Milner (2024) describen posibles huellas de eucinodontes de la Formación Moenave del Jurásico Inferior (Utah, Estados Unidos), probablemente hechas en arena de grano fino en la orilla plana de un lago (lo que representa un hallazgo raro de huellas de sinápsidos del Mesozoico temprano fuera de entornos eólicos), y amplían la diversidad conocida de animales del Jurásico Temprano del Miembro Whitmore Point de la Formación Moenave. ^[205]
• Hoffmann et al. (2024) presentan nueva información sobre la morfología del oído interno y el estribo de Morganucodon ^{. [206]}
• Martin et al. (2024) describen nuevos molares de Storchodon cingulatus de la Formación Süntel Kimmeridgian ( Alemania ), e interpretan los fósiles estudiados como una confirmación de las afinidades morganucodontanas de S. cingulatus , además de confirmarlo como uno de los morganucodontanos más grandes. ^[207]
• Averianov y Voyta (2024) reinterpretan el material fósil de un supuesto mamífero madre del Triásico, Tikitherium copei, como un diente de una musaraña neógena. ^[208]
• Panciroli et al. (2024) describen nuevos especímenes juveniles y adultos de Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis de la Formación Kilmaluag ( Reino Unido ), e interpretan los fósiles estudiados como una indicación de que K. kirtlingtonensis tuvo un desarrollo y una vida útil más largos que los mamíferos actuales de masa corporal adulta comparable. ^[209]
• Newham et al. (2024) publican un estudio sobre el crecimiento del cemento dental en los mamíferos jurásicos de la serie de fisuras Hirmeriella del Hettangiense (Gales, Reino Unido), la fauna de mármol del bosque Bathoniano (Oxfordshire, Reino Unido) y la fauna de Guimarota del Kimmeridgiense (Portugal) . Encuentran que ninguno de los mamíferos estudiados (incluidos los primeros mamíferos de corona ) alcanzó las tasas de crecimiento y los niveles metabólicos de los mamíferos actuales de tamaño similar, pero también encuentran evidencia de un crecimiento más rápido de los primeros mamíferos de corona en comparación con los mamíferos anteriores, y argumentan que la estrategia de crecimiento de los mamíferos modernos evolucionó en el momento de la radiación de los mamíferos de corona del Jurásico medio. ^[210]
• Brocklehurst (2024) publica un estudio sobre la riqueza y distribución de especies de sinápsidos a lo largo del Mesozoico y encuentra evidencia de dos fases de declive de los sinápsidos no mamíferos: una restricción de su distribución geográfica entre el Triásico y el Jurásico medio, y un declive en la riqueza de especies durante el Cretácico temprano. ^[211]

Mamíferos

Otros animales

Nuevos taxones

Investigación

• Morais et al. (2024) informan del descubrimiento de microfósiles de aproximadamente 571 millones de años de antigüedad de la Formación Bocaina (Brasil), que comparten similitudes anatómicas con secciones de cloudinidos, protoconodontos, anabarítidos e hiolítidos, e interpretados como probables restos de animales tempranos. ^[248]
• Delahooke et al. (2024) estudian especímenes frondosos de estratos ediacáricos en Terranova (Canadá) que se encontraron formando disposiciones lineales muy espaciadas, y los interpretan como probablemente formados por estolones tipo corredor , lo que proporciona una posible evidencia de una estrategia reproductiva previamente desconocida de los rangeomorfos . ^[249]
• Cao, Meng y Cai (2024) utilizan métodos electroquímicos para simular el proceso de generación de tubos de Cloudina con el mismo contenido de fósforo que el agua de mar moderna. ^[250]
• Vinn et al. (2024) presentan evidencia fósil de las arcillas azules del Terreneuviense de Estonia , indicativa de la supervivencia del nuboso ediacárico Conotubus hemiannulatus hasta el Cámbrico temprano. ^[251]
• Wang et al. (2024) describen material fósil de dos tipos distintos de arqueociatos de las formaciones Shuijingtuo y Xiannüdong del Cámbrico (China), incluidos fósiles con una red interior complicada de canales que podrían ser restos de un mecanismo de filtración de agua más complejo y eficiente que los observados en las esponjas. ^[252]
• Pruss et al. (2024) describen material fósil de Archaeocyathus de la Caliza Mule Spring del Cámbrico (Nevada) y la Formación Carrara (California, Estados Unidos), lo que representa algunos de los últimos registros de arqueociatos y proporciona evidencia de la supervivencia local de los miembros del grupo después de la desaparición de diversos arrecifes de arqueociatos en el oeste de Laurentia , en la Edad Cámbrica 4 posterior; los autores interpretan sus hallazgos como un ejemplo del fenómeno de la marcha del clado muerto . ^[253]
• Kershaw y Jeon (2024) publican una revisión de los eventos de declive en la historia evolutiva de los estromatoporoides. ^[254]
• Botha et al. (2024) comparan la morfología de Tribrachidium heraldicum y T. gehlingi , confirmando que las dos especies eran distintas. ^[255]
• Olaru et al. (2024) publicaron un estudio sobre la morfología funcional de Tribrachidium heraldicum , quienes interpretan a Tribrachidium como un alimentador por suspensión macroscópico. ^[256]
• Zhao et al. ( 2024) redescriben Calathites spinalis y lo interpretan como un ctenóforo madre perteneciente a la familia Dinomischidae. ^[257]
• Turk et al. (2024) redescriben el material tipo de Archaeichnium haughtoni y lo interpretan como uno de los primeros ejemplos de revestimientos de madrigueras de gusanos marinos en el registro fósil informado hasta la fecha. ^[258]
• Yu, Wang y Han (2024) describen un espécimen de Cricocosmia jinningensis conservado en el acto de muda del Cámbrico Chengjiang Lagerstätte ( China ), quienes presentan una reconstrucción del proceso de muda de C. jinningensis . ^[259]
• Howard et al. (2024) redescriben "Protoscolex" latus y transfieren esta especie al género Radnorscolex . ^[260]
• Turk et al. (2024) describen fósiles traza similares a madrigueras de gusanos priapúlidos modernos y cámbricos de la Formación Urusis de Ediacara ( Namibia ), interpretados como probablemente producidos por un trazador escalidofórido de grupo total , y nombran un nuevo icnotaxón Himatiichnus mangano . ^[261]
• Chen et al. (2024) describen nuevo material fósil de Microdictyon de la Formación Qiongzhusi del Cámbrico (China), proporcionando nueva información sobre el proceso de muda de los lobopodios y evidencia de similitudes entre las escleritas de Microdictyon y los tardígrados acorazados existentes. ^[262]
• Luo et al. (2024) describen un fósil corporal que se asemeja a tentáculos de tenias tripanorrincas actuales a partir del ámbar cretácico de Myanmar . ^[263]
• Yang et al. (2024) describen nuevo material fósil de Gaoloufangchaeta bifurcus de la Formación Wulongqing del Cámbrico ( China ) e interpretan a G. bifurcus como el anélido errante más antiguo conocido . ^[264]
• Tubular fossils which might belong to early sabellids are described from the Upper Permian deposits in southern China by Słowiński, Clapham & Zatoń (2024), potentially expanding known range of sabellids during the late Paleozoic.^[265]
• Jamison-Todd et al. (2024) describe boring produced by members of the genus Osedax in marine reptile bones from the Cenomanian Lower Chalk (United Kingdom), Campanian Marlbrook Marl and Mooreville Chalk (Arkansas and Alabama, United States) and Maastrichtian Mons Basin (Belgium), providing evidence of the presence of Osedax on both sides of the northern Atlantic Ocean in the Cretaceous, as well as evidence of the presence of different morphotypes of borings which were possibly produced by different species.^[266]
• Zhang & Huang (2024) report the discovery of serpulid polychaete dwelling tubes from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, expanding known diversity of marine animals preserved in this amber.^[267]
• Vinn et al. (2024) describe serpulid fossil material assigned to Parsimonia antiquata from the Maastrichtian Beyobası Formation (Turkey), representing the first record of Parsimonia from the Cretaceous of the Middle East reported to date.^[268]
• A study on the taxonomic and morphological diversity of Cambrian hyoliths, providing evidence of increase in diversity in the early Cambrian followed by decline in the Miaolingian, is published by Liu et al. (2024).^[269]
• Vinn et al. (2024) describe fossil material of tentaculitids with fossilized soft tissues from Devonian strata in Armenia, and interpret the studied soft tissues as refuting molluscan affinities of tentaculitoids, and indicating that tentaculitids shared a common ancestor with bryozoans.^[270]
• Mussini et al. (2024) report evidence for the presence of a gut canal and a dorsal nerve chord in Pikaia, and recover vetulicolians, Yunnanozoon and Pikaia as early-diverging stem chordates.^[271]
• The most diverse assemblage of fossil ascidian spicules in the world reported to date is described from the Miocene strata from Bogutovo Selo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Łukowiak et al. (2024), who find that the studied assemblage had closer resemblance to Eocene ascidians from Australia than to Miocene ascidians from Eastern Paratethys, providing evidence of wide distribution of Eocene ascidian fauna and its persistence into the Miocene.^[272]

Other organisms

New taxa

Research

• Kanaparthi et al. (2024) compare Archean microfossils from the Pilbara iron formation (Australia) and Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) with extant microbes grown under conditions similar to possible environmental conditions of Archean Earth, and propose that the studied Archean microfossils were liposome-like protocells that had mechanisms for energy conservation, but not for regulating cell morphology and replication.^[283]
• Demoulin et al. (2024) interpret Polysphaeroides filiformis from the Proterozoic Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup (Democratic Republic of the Congo) as a photosynthetic cyanobacterium representing the oldest unambiguous complex fossil member of Stigonemataceae known to date.^[284]
• Evidence of preservation of thylakoid membranes within 1.78- to 1.73-billion-year-old fossils of Navifusa majensis from the McDermott Formation (Tawallah Group; Australia) and in 1.01- to 0.9-billion-year-old specimens from the Grassy Bay Formation (Shaler Supergroup; Canada) is reported by Demoulin et al. (2024).^[285]
• Kolesnikov et al. (2024) describe new fossil material of "Beltanelliformis" konovalovi from the Ediacaran Chernyi Kamen Formation (Perm Krai, Russia), providing evidence of morphological differences with members of the genus Beltanelliformis, and question the assignment of "B." konovalovi to this genus.^[286]
• Palacios (2024) describes a diverse assemblage of acritarchs from the Ediacaran Tentudía Formation (Spain), representing the oldest fossils from the Iberian Peninsula reported to date.^[287]
• A study comparing the preservation of fossils of cyanobacterial assemblages from the Ediacaran Gaojiashan biota and from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu biota (China) is published by Min et al. (2024), who interpret the differences of preservation modes of the studied fossils as resulting from changes of atmospheric CO₂ levels, which may have risen to approximately ten times present atmospheric level during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, and from related changes in marine chemical conditions.^[288]
• McMahon et al. (2024) describe fossil material of a colony-forming entophysalid cyanobacterium from the Devonian Rhynie chert (Scotland, United Kingdom) with similarities to extant Entophysalis and mostly Proterozoic Eoentophysalis, and interpret this finding as suggestive of persistence of a single lineage with a broad environmental tolerance across 2 billion years.^[289]
• Miao et al. (2024) describe 1.63-billion-year-old fossils of Qingshania magnifica from the Chuanlinggou Formation (China), and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that simple multicellularity evolved early in eukaryote history.^[290]
• Evidence indicating that multicellular eukaryotic fossils from the Gaoyuzhuang Formation (China) date to the beginning of the Mesoproterozoic is presented by Chen et al. (2024).^[291]
• A study on the depositional setting of the strata of the Diabaig and Loch na Dal formations (Scotland, United Kingdom) preserving approximately 1-billion-year-old eukaryotic microfossils is published by Nielson, Stüeken & Prave (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that early eukaryotes from the studied formations lived in estuaries rather than lakes, and were likely exposed to frequently changing water conditions.^[292]
• A study on the evolutionary history of Arcellinida, as indicated by molecular data and fossil record, is published by Porfirio-Sousa et al. (2024), who determine that nodes leading to extant microbial eukaryote lineages originated in the latest Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, but the divergence of modern subclades of Arcellinida postdates the Silurian.^[293]
• Evidence indicating that larger foraminifera were more affected by the Capitanian, Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinctions than their smaller relatives is presented by Feng et al. (2024).^[294]
• A study on the impact of the climatic and environmental changes across the Cenozoic on the distribution and diversity of planktonic marine foraminifera is published by Swain et al. (2024).^[295]
• Evidence indicating that at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum foraminifera without symbionts migrated polewards, while foraminifera with algal symbionts adapted to warming, is presented by Ying et al. (2024).^[296]
• Surprenant & Droser (2024) compile a database of all occurrences of non-biomineral Ediacaran tubular organisms, and report evidence of previously unrecognized morphological diversity of the studied organisms.^[297]
• Schiffbauer et al. (2024) revise the latest Ediacaran skeletal materials from the La Ciénega Formation (Mexico), providing evidence of the presence of Sinotubulites, cloudinomorphs and smooth-walled organisms of uncertain affinities.^[298]
• Sun et al. (2024) provide new information on the developmental biology of Spiralicellula, and reject the interpretation of Spiralicellula and other components of the early Ediacaran Weng'an biota (Doushantuo Formation, China) as members of the animal crown group.^[299]

History of life in general

• Moody et al. (2024) interpret the last universal common ancestor as a prokaryote-grade anaerobic acetogen that lived approximately 4.2 billion years ago, had an early immune system and was a part of an established ecological system.^[300]
• Evidence of impact of ocean oxygenation events from Cryogenian to Cambrian on early evolution of animals is presented by Kaiho et al. (2024).^[301]
• Crockett et al. (2024) argue that environmental changes at the time of the Snowball Earth generated selective pressures for multicellular morphologies that, combined with constraints caused by different biological organization, gave multicellular eukaryotes an evolutionary advantage not shared by bacteria.^[302]
• Carlisle et al. (2024) present a new timescale of metazoan diversification, based on revised fossil calibrations for the major animal groups, and estimate an Ediacaran origin of animals in general, Eumetazoa and Bilateria, with many animal phyla originating across the Ediacaran-Cambrian interval or in the Cambrian.^[303]
• Evidence indicating that Ediacaran and Cambrian animal radiations were related to oxygenation events that were linked to major sea level cycles is presented by Bowyer, Wood & Yilales (2024).^[304]
• Gutarra et al. (2024) find that Ediacaran marine animal communities from the Mistaken Point Formation (Newfoundland, Canada) were capable of strongly mixing the surrounding water, and might have contributed to the ventilation of the oceans.^[305]
• Ediacaran shallow-marine macrofossils from the Llangynog Inlier (Wales, United Kingdom) are determined to be approximately 564.09 million years old by Clarke et al. (2024).^[306]
• New silicified fossil assemblage is described from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation (Shaanxi, China) by Dai et al. (2024), who interpret fossil material of Cloudina from this assemblage as indicating that Cloudina had a worldwide distribution in different paleoecologies and biofacies.^[307]
• Evidence indicative of existence of long-term factors driving changes of diversity of skeletonized marine invertebrates throughout the Phanerozoic is presented by Wilson, Reitan & Liow (2024).^[308]
• A study on the history of bioturbation and reef-building throughout the Phanerozoic is published by Cribb & Darroch (2024), who find evidence of continued increase in dominance of bioturbating ecosystem engineers during the Phanerozoic, while also finding that reef-builders reached their peak dominance in the early Devonian.^[309]
• Cui et al. (2024) describe approximately 535-million-years-old microbial fossils from the Yuhucun Formation (China), interpreted as comparable to modern cyanobacteria, microalgae and fungi (including mold- and yeast-like morphotypes), and interpret the studied microorganisms as building symbiotic mats composed of decomposers and producers.^[310]
• Evidence from the strata of the Dengying, Yanjiahe and Shuijingtuo formations (China), interpreted as indicative of the existence of a relationship between variable oceanic oxygenation, nitrogen supply and the evolution of early Cambrian life, is presented by Wei et al. (2024).^[311]
• Slater (2024) describes a diverse assemblage of arthropod and molluscan microfossil from the Cambrian Stage 3 Mickwitzia Sandstone (Sweden), providing evidence of diversification of molluscan radulae which happened by the early Cambrian.^[312]
• Evidence indicating that the Emu Bay Shale biota lived in a fan delta complex within a tectonically active, nearshore basin is presented by Gaines et al. (2024).^[313]
• Evidence indicating that pulse of supracrustal deformation along the edge of west Gondwana caused a series of environmental changes that resulted in the Cambrian Stage 4 Sinsk event (the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic) is presented by Myrow et al. (2024).^[314]
• Evidence indicating that patterns of extinctions of marine invertebrates over the past 485 million years were affected by physiological traits of invertebrates and by climate changes is presented by Malanoski et al. (2024).^[315]
• Saleh et al. (2024) report the discovery of a new Early Ordovician Lagerstätte from Montagne Noire (France), preserving fossils of a diverse polar assemblage of both biomineralized and soft-bodied organisms (the Cabrières Biota);^[316] Muir & Botting (2024) subsequently argue that exceptionally preserved non-arthropod taxa reported from this assemblage (purported sponges, algae, a worm, a hemichordate tube and a lobopod) are actually trace fossils (mostly burrows containing faecal pellets),^[317] while Saleh et al. (2024) reaffirm their original interpretation of the studied assemblage.^[318]
• The Devonian vertebrate assemblage from the Cloghnan Shale at Jemalong (New South Wales, Australia), including fossil material of Metaxygnathus, is interpreted as more likely Givetian–Frasnian than Famennian in age by Young (2024).^[319]
• Knecht et al. (2024) report the discoveries of a diverse assemblage of body and trace fossils of plants, invertebrates and vertebrates living approximately 320–318 million years ago from the Lantern North site (Wamsutta Formation; Massachusetts, United States), including some of the oldest records of non-cryptogam gall damage and insect oviposition reported to date.^[320]
• Faure-Brac et al. (2024) study the size of the primary vascular canals in early amniotes and non-amniote tetrapods, interpreted as a proxy for the size of red blood cells and for thermophysiology of the studied taxa, and argue that amniotes were ancestrally ectotherms, with different amniote group evolving endothermy independently.^[321]
• The first vertebrate body fossils from the Carboniferous–Permian Maroon Formation (Colorado, United States) are described by Huttenlocker et al. (2024).^[322]
• Evidence from strata from the Permian–Triassic transition from southwest China, interpreted as indicative of temporal decoupling of the terrestrial and marine extinctions in Permian tropics during the Permian–Triassic extinction event and of a protracted terrestrial extinction spanning approximately 1 million years, is presented by Wu et al. (2024).^[323]
• Evidence interpreted as indicative of two-stage pattern of the end-Permian extinction of the deep water organisms from the Dongpan Section (Guangxi, China), likely related to the upward and downward expansion of an oxygen minimum zone in the studied area, is presented by He et al. (2024).^[324]
• A study on the extinction selectivity of marine animals during the Permian–Triassic extinction event is published by Song et al. (2024), who find that animal groups with hemoglobin and hemocyanin were less affected by the extinction than animals with hemerythrin or relying on diffusion of oxygen.^[325]
• Liu et al. (2024) study the extinction selectivity of six marine animal groups during the Permian–Triassic extinction event, finding evidence of selective loss of complex and ornamented forms among ammonites, brachiopods and ostracods, but not bivalves, gastropods and conodonts.^[326]
• Zhou et al. (2024) report the discovery of a new Early Triassic fossil assemblage dominated by ammonites and arthropods (the Wangmo biota) from the Luolou Formation (China), interpreted as evidence of the presence of a complex marine ecosystem that was rebuilt after the Permian–Triassic extinction event.^[327]
• A study on the fossil record of Early Triassic conodonts and palynomorphs from the Vikinghøgda Formation (Svalbard, Norway), providing evidence of a shift from lycophyte-dominated to a gymnosperm-dominated vegetation related to the onset of a cooling episode, as well evidence indicating that temperature wasn't the main regulator for the distribution of segminate conodonts in the Early Triassic, is published by Leu et al. (2024).^[328]
• Revision of the fossil record of the Triassic tetrapods from Russia is published by Shishkin et al. (2024).^[329]
• Klein et al. (2024) report the discovery of a new locality in the Holbrook Member of the Moenkopi Formation (Anisian; Arizona, United States), likely representing the most extensive Middle Triassic tetrapod tracksite in North America reported to date.^[330]
• Simms & Drost (2024) interpret Triassic caves within Carboniferous limestone outcrops in south-west Britain as Carnian in age, and consider terrestrial vertebrate fossils preserved in those caves to be Carnian or at least significantly pre-Rhaetian in age.^[331]
• Campo et al. (2024) describe fossil material of Carnian tetrapods from the Faixa Nova-Cerrito I site, and evaluate its implications for the knowledge of the biostratigraphy of the Brazilian Upper Triassic record.^[332]
• A study on the femoral histology of amniotes from the Triassic Ischigualasto Formation (Argentina) is published by Curry Rogers et al. (2024), who find that early dinosaurs known from this formation grew at least as quickly as sauropodomorph and theropod dinosaurs from the later Mesozoic, and that their elevated growth rates did not set them apart from other amniotes living at the same time.^[333]
• A study on the Hettangian and Sinemurian benthic marine communities from southern Germany, providing evidence of changes of the faunal composition of the studied communities likely associated with the recovery from the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, is published by Kropf, Jäger & Hautmann (2024).^[334]
• Dunhill et al. (2024) study the impact of the Early Toarcian Extinction Event on the marine communities from the Cleveland Basin (Yorkshire, United Kingdom), and report evidence indicative of secondary extinction cascades after the primary extinctions, as well as evidence indicating that diversity and ecosystem structure took up to 7 million years to return to pre-extinction levels.^[335]
• Taphonomic revision of Jurassic marine reptile fossils from the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (Italy) is published by Serafini et al. (2024), who find similarities between the studied fossil material and modern whale falls in pelagic-bathyal zones, and interpret those similarities as consistent with a bathyal, deep-water interpretation of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese depositional setting.^[336]
• A study on patterns of diversity changes of Late Jurassic tetrapods from the Morrison Formation through time and space is published by Maidment (2024).^[337]
• Aouraghe et al. (2024) report the discovery of a new fossiliferous locality from the Tithonian–Berriasian interval of the Anoual Syncline (Morocco), preserving remains of plants and aquatic reptiles, and interpret the taxonomic composition of the studied assemblage as similar to the composition of contemporaneous Laurasian assemblages, potentially indicating that Laurasian and Gondwanan biotas diverged after the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition.^[338]
• Blake et al. (2024) describe assemblages of vertebrate remains (dominated by sharks, bony fishes and crocodyliforms) from two localities from the London–Brabant Massif (Lower Greensand; United Kingdom), including the youngest occurrences of Vectiselachos gosslingi and V. ornatus reported to date, as well as including remains of at least five cartilaginous fish taxa interpreted as likely reworked from the underlying Jurassic or Wealden strata.^[339]
• Evidence from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation (China), interpreted as indicative of the existence of methane-fueled pelagic food webs across the Selli Event (with expansion of both methanogens and methane-oxidizing bacteria during the event), is presented by Sun et al. (2024).^[340]
• Revision of trace fossils from the deposits of the Aptian-Cenomanian Dakota Group along the Colorado Front Range (Colorado, United States) is published by Oligmueller & Hasiotis (2024).^[341]
• Evidence from calcareous nannofossils and small foraminifera from the Transylvanian Basin (Romania), interpreted as indicative of the appearance of a diverse continental vertebrate faunal assemblage on Hațeg Island by the second half of the late Campanian, presence of kogaionid multituberculates in the earliest known Hațeg faunas, and post-Campanian arrival of hadrosauroids and titanosaur sauropods on the island, is presented by Bălc et al. (2024).^[342]
• A study on the body size evolution of Mesozoic dinosaurs (including birds) and mammaliaforms is published by Wilson et al. (2024), who find no evidence that Bergmann's rule applied to the studied taxa.^[343]
• Sarr et al. (2024) describe Maastrichtian micro- and macrofossils from a new locality from the Cap de Naze Formation, including fossil material of the first Cretaceous dyrosaurid from Senegal.^[344]
• Otero (2024) reviews two assemblages of marine vertebrates from the Maastrichtian strata from the Arauco Basin (Chile), including remains of cartilaginous fishes, sea turtles (including the first record of Mesodermochelys outside Japan), plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, and providing evidence of diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian.^[345]
• Boles et al. (2024) describe a new assemblage of vertebrate microfossils from the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition from the Hornerstown Formation (New Jersey, United States), providing evidence of slow recovery of elasmobranchs and ray-finned fish after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.^[346]
• Fossil material of a reef biota that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, including scleractinian corals and domical and bulbous growth forms which might be fossils of calcified sponges, is described from the Maastrichtian and Paleocene strata from the Adriatic islands Brač and Hvar (Croatia) by Martinuš et al. (2024).^[347]
• A study on changes of the diversity of ostracods from the Indo-Australian Archipelago region throughout the Cenozoic, aiming to determine factors responsible for recorded changes, is published by Tian et al. (2024), who argue that the studied region became the richest marine biodiversity hotspot mostly as a result of immunity to major extinction events during the Cenozoic, shift towards colder climate and the increase in habitat size (shelf area).^[348]
• Brandoni et al. (2024) describe new vertebrate remains from the Miocene Ituzaingó Formation (Entre Ríos Province, Argentina), including the oldest record of the genus Leptodactylus and remains of a member of the genus Chelonoidis representing the first record of a tortoise from the late Miocene of the Entre Ríos Province.^[349]
• A study on the environment of the Quebrada Honda Basin (Bolivia) during the late Middle Miocene is published by Strömberg et al. (2024), who report evidence of the presence of a mosaic landscape with two broad vegetation types (probable forests and open-habitat grasses) representing distinct plant communities within a broader biome, as well as evidence of variability of mammal abundances among well-sampled local areas and stratigraphic intervals.^[350]
• New Miocene and Pleistocene vertebrate assemblages are described from the Sin Charoen sandpit (Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand) by Naksri et al. (2024), who intepret the Pleistocene assemblage as having strong faunal relationships with the Early-Middle Pleistocene faunas of Java (Indonesia).^[351]
• A study on the fossil record of the Mediterranean marine biota from the Tortonian-Zanclean, providing evidence of changes in the taxonomic diversity indicative of disruption and reorganization of the ecosystem that began even before the Messinian salinity crisis and resulted from climate cooling and the basin's restriction from the Atlantic Ocean, is published by Agiadi et al. (2024).^[352]
• A study on the biodiversity changes associated with the Messinian salinity crisis, as indicated by the Mediterranean fossil record, is published by Agiadi et al. (2024).^[353]
• Tattersfield et al. (2024) study the ecological associations of extant terrestrial gastropods from the Laetoli-Endulen area (Tanzania) and compare them with Pliocene gastropod assemblages from Laetoli, interpreting gastropods from the Lower Laetolil beds as indicative of semi-arid environment, those from the Upper Laetolil Beds as indicative of a mosaic of forest, woodland and bushland habitats, and gastropods from the Upper Ndolanya Beds as indicative of humid environment.^[354]
• Ramírez-Pedraza et al. (2024) report evidence from the Guefaït-4 fossil site (Morocco) indicative of the presence of a mosaic landscape with open grasslands, forested areas, wetlands and seasonal aridity close to the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, which might have facilitated the dispersal of mammals (including hominins) from central or eastern Africa to northern Africa.^[355]
• A study on changes of the composition of the Caribbean frugivore communities throughout the Quaternary is published by Kemp (2024).^[356]
• Antoine et al. (2024) report the discovery of fossil material from Kourou (French Guiana) providing evidence of the presence of diverse foraminifer, plant and animal communities near the equator in the 130,000-115,000 years ago time interval, as well as evidence of marine retreat and dryer conditions with a savanna-dominated landscape and episodes of fire during the onset of the Last Glacial Period.^[357]

Other research

• Drabon et al. (2024) study the environmental effects of a giant meteorite impact during the Paleoarchean, based on data from the Fig Tree Formation (South Africa, and find that in short term the effects of the impact likely harmed shallow-water photosynthetic microbes, while in the medium term it provided influx of phosphorus and the injection of iron-rich deep water into shallow waters that initiated a bloom of iron-cycling microbes.^[358]
• Evidence from the study of the nitrogen isotopic composition of 2.68-billion-years-old marine sedimentary deposits of the Serra Sul Formation (Brazil), interpreted as likely resulting from oxygenic photosynthesis that predated the Great Oxidation Event, is presented by Pellerin et al. (2024).^[359]
• A study on the Paleoproterozoic seawater biogeochemical conditions in the Francevillian sub-basin (Gabon) is published by Chi Fru et al. (2024), who report evidence of enrichment of seawater with phosphorus approximately 2.1 billion years ago, of comparable magnitude to Ediacaran seawater levels that supported the rise of the Ediacaran biota, and argue that this previously unrecognized seawater nutrient enrichment initiated the emergence of the Francevillian biota.^[360]
• A study on the oxygenation of atmosphere and oceans and on marine productivity during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic is published by Stockey et al. (2024), who find no evidence of the wholesale oxygenation of Earth's oceans in the Neoproterozoic, but report evidence of a late Neoproterozoic increase in atmospheric oxygen and marine productivity, which likely increased oxygenation and food supply in shallow marine habitats at the time of the first radiation of major animal groups.^[361]
• Huang et al. (2024) report evidence of a period in the Ediacaran when Earth's magnetic field was weakened, lasting 26 million years, overlapping temporally with atmospheric and oceanic oxygenation and potentially causing it and ultimately allowing diversification of the Ediacara Fauna.^[362]
• 563-million-year-old horizontal markings with similarities to horizontal animal trace fossils, reported from the Itajaí Basin (Brazil), are interpreted as pseudofossils of tectonic origin by Becker Kerber et al. (2024), who propose a set of criteria which can be used to evaluate the identity of putative trace fossils.^[363]
• Evidence of preservation of internal organs of soft-bodied organisms from the interbedded background mudstone beds of the Cambrian Yu'anshan Formation (China) as carbonaceous compressions is presented by Lei et al. (2024).^[364]
• A study on the variations of preservation of animal fossils from the Ordovician Fezouata Formation (Morocco) is published by Saleh et al. (2024), who report evidence of better preservation of predators/scavengers compared to animals with other feeding strategies, as wells as evidence of better preservation of Tremadocian animals than Floian ones.^[365]
• Smelror et al. (2024) report the discovery of trace fossils of polychaetes associated with cold to temperate waters in marine deposits in the Central Norwegian Caledonides, and interpret this finding as evidence of previously unrecognized deep-ocean circulation and upwelling of cold water along the subtropical Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean in the early to mid-Ordovician.^[366]
• A study on silicified fossils from the Ordovician Edinburg Formation (Virginia, United States), aiming to determine sources of potential bias in fossil recovery, is published by Jacobs et al. (2024).^[367]
• Purported Precambrian trace fossil Rugoinfractus ovruchensis is interpreted as mud cracks preserved in Devonian strata by Dernov (2024).^[368]
• Stacey et al. (2024) report possible evidence that Devonian and early Carboniferous oceanic oxygenation was related to the evolution of large vascular plants and the first forests, as well as evidence of susceptibility of shallow marine settings to redox instability, possibly related to extinctions and reef collapse events in the studied time interval.^[369]
• Evidence from the Bicheno-5 core in eastern Tasmania (Australia), interpreted as indicative of carbon cycle perturbations in the middle Permian, Carnian and Norian which triggered climatic and environmental changes within the Permian and Triassic Antarctic circle, is presented by Lestari et al. (2024).^[370]
• A study on mercury concentrations and isotopic compositions of limestones from the Xiongjiachang section of southwestern China is published by Huang et al. (2024), who interpret their findings as indicative of a temporal link between Emeishan Traps volcanism and the Capitanian mass extinction event.^[371]
• Evidence interpreted as indicative of strong ozone depletion of the atmosphere at the onset of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is presented by Li et al. (2024).^[372]
• A study on Permian–Triassic boundary sections in North and South China is published by Chu et al. (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that the onset of the end-Permian terrestrial biotic crisis in North China preceded that in South China by at least 300,000 years, and that the onset of environmental changes that caused end-Permian extinctions varied regionally.^[373]
• Sun et al. (2024) argue that increase of partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of the Permian led to collapse of the meridional overturning circulation, contraction of the Hadley cell and intensification of El Niños, causing environmental changes that ultimately resulted in the Permian–Triassic extinction event.^[374]
• Li et al. (2024) present evidence of existence of persistently active El Niño–Southern Oscillation throughout the past 250 million years, and study the causes of variations in its amplitude throughout the studied time interval.^[375]
• Wang et al. (2024) report the discovery of a fossil forest of Neocalamites plants from the Middle Triassic Yanchang Formation (China), and interpret this finding as evidence of wide-scale intensification of the water cycle during the Triassic prior to the Carnian pluvial episode.^[376]
• A study on the lower Carnian basinal succession from the Polzberg Lagerstätte (Austria), providing evidence of deposition during the onset of the Carnian pluvial episode and of peculiar oceanographic conditions affecting the Reifling Basin at the time, is published by Lukeneder et al. (2024).^[377]
• Rigo et al. (2024) report evidence of a previously unknown oceanic anoxic event of global extent that spanned the Norian-Rhaetian transition, likely related to extinctions and diversity losses among radiolarians, bivalves, ammonites, conodonts and marine vertebrates.^[378]
• Evidence indicating that the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event coincided with the initial major pulse of Central Atlantic magmatic province volcanism is presented by Kent et al. (2024).^[379]
• Evidence from mercury anomalies and fern spores from the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany), interpreted as indicative of persistence of volcanic-induced mercury pollution after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event resulting in high abundances of malformed fern spores during the Triassic–Jurassic transition and during the Hettangian, is presented by Bos et al. (2024).^[380]
• Evidence of global expansion of marine anoxia during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, interpreted as indicating that anoxic waters covered ~6 to 8% of the global seafloor during the peak of the event, is presented by Remírez et al. (2024).^[381]
• Song et al. (2024) determine the fossil strata of the Baiwan Formation (Henan, China) bearing fossils of the Jehol Biota to be approximately 123.6 million years old.^[382]
• Rangel et al. (2024) describe a vertebrate burrow from the Lower Cretaceous Três Barras Formation (Brazil), likely produced by a lungfish or a lizard, and interpret the studied formation as preserving evidence of periods of flooding in a meandering river zone in the marginal areas of the Early Cretaceous eolian setting.^[383]
• Evidence from the study of microfossils from the Lower Cretaceous Sanfranciscana Basin (Brazil), interpreted as indicative of multiple marine incursions into the continental setting of the southwest Gondwana during the Aptian, is presented by Fauth et al. (2024).^[384]
• Jacobs et al. (2024) study the geological setting of the Early Cretaceous fossiliferous basins of northern Cameroon, preserving dinosaur tracks similar to footprints found in northeastern Brazil, and determine the geographic limits and environmental setting of the land corridor that connected Africa and South America during the pre-Aptian Cretaceous and made faunal exchanges between the continents possible, termed the Borborema-Cameroon Dinosaur Dispersal Corridor by the authors.^[385]
• MacLennan et al. (2024) interpret exceptional preservation of fossils (including early birds and feathered non-avian dinosaurs) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) as unlikely to be linked to violent volcanic eruptions.^[386]
• Woolley et al. (2024) attempt to quantify the amount of phylogenetic information available in the global fossil records of non-avian theropod dinosaurs, Mesozoic birds and squamates, and find that the studies of the phylogenic relationships of extinct animals are less affected by disproportionate representation of taxa from specific geologic units (especially Lagerstätten) in the evolutionary tree when the entire global fossil record of the studied groups, rather than just fossils from specific geologic units, preserves higher amount of phylogenetic information; the authors also find that Late Cretaceous squamate fossils from the Djadochta and Barun Goyot formations (Mongolia) provide a diproportionally large amount of phylogenetic information available in the squamate fossil record.^[387]
• Almeida et al. (2024) provide new paleocurrent measurements for the Cretaceous and Paleogene in the eastern Amazonia region, and find persistent pattern of the river flow to the East in the Amazonas Basin from the Cretaceous to the present to be more likely than a reversal from the westward river flow to the eastward one.^[388]
• Eberth (2024) revises the stratigraphic architecture of the Campanian Belly River Group (Alberta, Canada).^[389]
• Evidence of a change in nitrogen isotope ratios of the organic matter bound in Campanian and Maastrichtian fish otoliths from the East Coast of the United States, interpreted as related to expansion of oxygen-deficient zones in the ocean during the Campanian-to-Maastrichtian climate cooling, is presented by Rao et al. (2024).^[390]
• A study on the environmental conditions in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway is published by Wostbrock et al. (2024), who reconstruct δ18O seawater values consistent with open ocean during greenhouse climate for the Campanian and consistent with more evaporative conditions for the Maastrichtian.^[391]
• New data interpreted as supporting an impact origin of the Nadir crater is provided by Nicholson et al. (2024).^[392]
• Evidence from the study of ruthenium isotopes in the impact deposits from the Chicxulub crater, interpreted as indicating that the impactor that produced the crater was a carbonaceous asteroid that formed beyond the orbit of Jupiter, is presented by Fischer-Gödde et al. (2024).^[393]
• During et al. (2024) reeavualute data from analyses of fossil fish remains from the Tanis fossil site (North Dakota, United States) performed by DePalma et al. (2021), originally presented as evidence indicating that the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact occurred during boreal Spring/Summer,^[394] and report anomalies interpreted by the authors as unlikely to be the result of analytical work.^[395]
• Evidence indicating that, in spite of high global temperatures, oxygen availability in the waters of the tropical North Pacific actually rose during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, is presented by Moretti et al. (2024), who argue that this oxygen rise in the ocean might have prevented a mass extinction during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum.^[396]
• Crespo & Goin (2024) argue that a biogeographical barrier (called the Weddell Line by the authors) existed between East and West Antarctica during early Paleogene times and prevented eutherian mammals from reaching Australia from South America.^[397]
• Evidence indicating that West Antarctica's Pacific margin was not covered by West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum is presented by Klages et al. (2024).^[398]
• A study on body mass, tooth wear and functional traits of teeth of mammalian herbivores from the Miocene to Pleistocene strata from the Falcón Basin (Venezuela), interpreted as indicative of a gradual decline in precipitation and tree cover in the environment of the studied mammals since the late Miocene, is published by Wilson et al. (2024), who argue that such data from mammal remains can be used of paleoenvironmental reconstructions at other South American localities.^[399]
• Yu et al. (2024) provide new age estimates for the Aves Cave and Milo's Cave deposits (Bolt's Farm cave complex in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa), and argue that there are no definitive examples of cave deposits in the Cradle of Humankind that are older than 3.2 million years.^[400]
• Bierman et al. (2024) report the discovery of insect, plant and fungal remains collected from below 3 km of ice at Summit, Greenland, providing evidence of ice-free, tundra environment in central Greenland during the Pleistocene.^[401]
• Butiseacă et al. (2024) report evidence from the Pleistocene Marathousa 1 (Megalopolis Basin, Greece) interpreted as indicative of vegetation changes related to the cooling during the Marine Isotope Stage 12, as indicating that the studied area was a refugium during the MIS 12 glaciation and that the hominin presence at the site was associated with the end of the MIS 12 glacial maximum.^[402]
• Evidence of change in fire regime in northern Australia that happened at least 11,000 years ago, resulting in fires becoming more frequent but less intense and interpreted as resulting from Indigenous fire management, is presented by Bird et al. (2024).^[403]
• Evidence from the study of tests of Miocene Ammonia, indicating that fossils of marine calcifiers (studied for reconstructions of deep ocean and sea-surface temperatures in the past) remain more susceptible to diagenetic isotope exchange with seawater than abiotic calcites even millions of years after sedimentation and burial, is presented by Cisneros-Lazaro et al. (2024).^[404]
• Wiseman, Charles & Hutchinson (2024) compare multiple reconstructions of the musculature of Australopithecus afarensis, evaluating the capability of different models to maintain an upright, single-support limb posture, and find that models which are otherwise identical might be either able or unable support the body posed on an extended limb solely as a result of changing the input architectural parameters and including or excluding an elastic tendon.^[405]
• Sullivan et al. (2024) argue that the process of generating rigorous reconstructions of extinct animals can lead to fresh inferences about the anatomy of the studied animals, and support their claims with examples from dinosaur paleontology.^[406]
• Gayford et al. (2024) review problems that affect body size estimations of extinct animals that use extant animals as proxies, and propose precautionary measures that can address these problems.^[407]
• Wright, Cavanaugh & Pierce (2024) compare the accuracy of two body mass estimation methods in extant tetrapods, and apply the compared methods to a sample of Permian and Triassic tetrapods including Eryops megacephalus, Diadectes tenuitectus, Orobates pabsti, Bradysaurus baini, Edaphosaurus boanerges, Ophiacodon uniformis, Dimetrodon milleri, Tapinocaninus pamelae, Dinodontosaurus turpior, Lisowicia bojani, Scaloposaurus constrictus and Procynosuchus delaharpeae.^[408]
• Didier & Laurin (2024) propose a new model-based approach which can be used to study the diversification of fossil taxa, and apply it to the fossil record of ophiacodontids, edaphosaurids and sphenacodontids, finding evidence that the diversification of the studied synapsids slowed down around the Asselian/Sakmarian transition but no evidence of a late Sakmarian or Artinskian extinction event, and interpreting Olson's Extinction as a protracted decline in biodiversity over 20 million years rather than a rapid extinction event.^[409]
• Cooper, Flannery-Sutherland & Silvestro (2024) present a deep learning approach which can be used to estimate biodiversity through time from the incomplete fossil record, and use this approach to estimate global biodiversity dynamics of marine animals from the Late Permian to Early Jurassic and proboscideans.^[410]
• Hauffe, Cantalapiedra & Silvestro (2024) present a Bayesian model that can be used to determine diversification dynamics from fossil occurrence data and apply it to the fossil record of proboscideans.^[411]
• Benoit (2024) interprets the painting of an unidentified animal with two enlarged tusks from the Horned Serpent panel in the Koesberg mountains (South Africa), dated between 1821 and 1835, as possible evidence that the San people discovered dicynodont fossils before the scientific description of the first known dicynodont.^[412]
• Reumer (2024) hypothesizes that Beringer's Lying Stones represent the first recorded case of an intentional paleontological fraud in history, and might have been perpetrated by Johann Beringer himself.^[413]

Paleoclimate

• A multibillion-year history of seawater δ¹⁸O, temperature, and marine and terrestrial clay abundance is reconstructed by Isson & Rauzi (2024), who report evidence interpreted as indicative of temperate Proterozoic climate, and evidence indicating that declines in clay authigenesis coincided with Paleozoic and Cenozoic cooling, the expansion of siliceous life, and the radiation of land plants.^[414]
• Judd et al. (2024) present a reconstruction of the global mean surface temperature over the past 485 million years, and report evidence of constant change of global mean surface temperature of approximately 8°C in response to a doubling of CO₂ in the studied time interval, whether the climate was warm or cold.^[415]
• Evidence from the study of the Ordovician carbonate record from the Baltic Basin, interpreted as indicative of lower values of oxygen isotopic composition of Ordovician seawater than estimated in earlier studies, is presented by Thiagarajan et al. (2024), who interpret their findings as justifying reassessmeny of climate records based on oxygen isotopes.^[416]
• A study on Lower Triassic marine shales and cherts, providing evidence of enhanced reverse weathering which might have contributed to the persistence of elevated temperatures in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published by Rauzi et al. (2024).^[417]
• Gurung et al. (2024) use a new vegetation and climate model to study links between plant geographical range, the long-term carbon cycle and climate, and find that reduced geographical range of plants in Pangaea resulted in increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, while the expande geographical range of plants after the breakup of Pangaea amplified global CO₂ removal.^[418]
• A study on the geochemistry of Jurassic deposits of the External Rif Chain (Morocco), providing evidence of climate changes in northwest Gondwana during the Jurassic period (from cool climate with low rainfall and productivity during the Early Jurassic, to moister, warmer climate during the Middle and Late Jurassic, subsequently returning to arid and cool climate during the Late Jurassic), is published by Kairouani et al. (2024).^[419]
• Evidence indicating that small to large ice sheets were present in Antarctica throughout much of the Early Cretaceous, briefly melting in response to episodic volcanism, is presented by Nordt, Breecker & White (2024).^[420]
• A study on calcite from Early Cretaceous belemnite rostra from the Mahajanga Basin (Madagascar), providing evidence of the Valanginian cooling event in the Southern Hemisphere, is published by Wang et al. (2024).^[421]
• Evidence interpreted as indicative of a link between ocean deoxygenation during the Early Cretaceous Selli Event, volcanic CO₂ emissions and the crossing of an associated climate threshold is presented by Bauer et al. (2024).^[422]
• Evidence from oxygen isotope values of shell material of Late Cretaceous ammonites from the Western Interior Seaway, interpreted as indicative of ~18 °C cooling from the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum in the Turonian until the late Maastrichtian, is presented by McCraw et al. (2024).^[423]
• Evidence from the study of late Paleocene and early Eocene planktic foraminifera from the Pacific Ocean, interpreted as indicative of strong coupling between atmospheric CO₂ and sea surface temperature over the long- and short-term in the studied time interval, is presented by Harper et al. (2024).^[424]
• Evidence from the study of the middle Cenozoic palynological records across the United Kingdom and Ireland, interpreted as overall indicative of temperate climate in the studied time interval but also as indicative of short-lived appearances of the tropical rainforest during the Priabonian or Rupelian and during the late Oligocene warming event, is presented by McCoy et al. (2024).^[425]
• Clark et al. (2024) present a new reconstruction of global temperature changes over the past 4.5 million years, interpreted as consistent with changes in the carbon cycle.^[426]
• Amarathunga et al. (2024) present evidence indicative of a humid period in North Africa lasting from 3.8 to 3.3 million years ago, possibly sustaining persistent green corridors that facilitated early hominin connectivity and migration.^[427]
• An et al. (2024) present evidence indicating that growth of the Antarctic ice sheets from 2 to 1.25 million years ago preceded and likely induced expansion of ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere after 1.25 million years ago.^[428]

Deaths

• Estella Leopold, paleobotanist and conservation paleontologist passes on February 25, 2024 at 97. Leopold's work as a conservationist included taking legal action to help save the Florissant Fossil Beds in Colorado, and fighting pollution. She was the daughter of Aldo Leopold.^[429]

References

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. Mahato, S.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "A new foliicolous fossil-species of Asterina Lév. (Asterinaceae; Asterinales) associated with Calophyllum L. from the Siwalik of Eastern Himalaya and its implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 327. 105143. Bibcode:2024RPaPa.32705143M. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105143.
3. Martínez, M. A.; Bianchinotti, M. V.; Cornou, M. E. (2024). "Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil fungi record based on palynomycological studies from the El Foyel Group, Ñirihuau Basin, Paleogene from Patagonia Argentina". Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. 24 (2): 132–159. doi:10.5710/PEAPA.12.07.2024.508.
4. Guo, S.; Deng, X.; Ma, Z.; Mao, N.; Huang, W. (2024). "Two new species of suspected mushrooms of the suborder Marasmiineae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Basidiomycota, Agaricales)". Cretaceous Research. 164. 105968. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16405968G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105968.
5. Kundu, S.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "A new epifoliar melioloid fungus from the Siwalik (Miocene) of Himachal sub-Himalaya and its palaeoecological implications". Geobios. 86: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2024.06.001.
6. Kundu, S.; Khan, M. A. (2023). "Black mildew disease on the Siwalik (Miocene) monocot leaves of Western Himalaya, India caused by Meliolinites". Fungal Biology. 128 (1): 1626–1637. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2023.12.006. PMID 38341268.
7. Wang, Z.-E.; Song, Z.-H.; Cao, R.; Li, H.-S.; Chen, G.-H.; Ding, S.-T.; Wu, J.-Y. (2024). "A new fossil species of Meliolinites Selkirk associated with Rhodoleia leaves from the Upper Pliocene of southwestern China". Mycologia. 116 (4): 498–508. doi:10.1080/00275514.2024.2348980. PMID 38848260.
8. Kundu, S.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "Fossil record of Meliolaceae from India sheds new insight into its taxonomy and life cycle". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 329. 105177. Bibcode:2024RPaPa.32905177K. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105177.
9. Kundu, S.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "First report of fossil representative of Zygosporium Mont. with stacked chained vesicular conidiophores from India". Fungal Biology. 128 (3): 1735–1741. Bibcode:2024FunB..128.1735K. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2024.03.005. PMID 38796257.
10. Mahato, S.; Bianchinotti, M. V.; Kundu, S.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "Zygosporium palaeogibbum sp. nov. (Xylariales, Ascomycota) associated with Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lauraceae) leaves from the Siwalik (Middle Miocene) of eastern Himalaya". Mycological Progress. 23 (1). 27. Bibcode:2024MycPr..23...27M. doi:10.1007/s11557-024-01962-4.
11. Kundu, S.; Khan, M. A. (2024). "Fossils can reveal a long-vanished combination of character states: Evidence from a mysterious foliicolous anamorphic fungus from the Middle Siwalik (Late Miocene) of Himachal Pradesh, India". Mycologia. 116 (5): 650–658. doi:10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954. PMID 39024179.
12. Garcia Cabrera, N.; Krings, M. (2024). "Fungi colonizing bulbils of the charophyte green alga Palaeonitella cranii from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert, Scotland". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 310 (2): 99–117. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2023/1172.
13. Luo, Z.; Shi, G.; Lin, W.; Chen, J.; Liu, J.; Bai, H.; Liang, K.; Yao, L.; Huang, X.; Qie, W.; Wang, Y. (2024). "Upper Carboniferous Corals from the Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang, NW China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 63 (1): 66–93. doi:10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2023013.
14. Liu, M.-J.; Liu, Y.-H.; Zhang, Y.-N.; Shao, T.-Q.; Qin, J.-C. (2024). "The successive evolution of hexangulaconulariids and the growth pattern of carinachitiids revealed by new materials from the lower Cambrian of South China". Palaeoworld. 33 (6): 1478–1488. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.02.003.
15. Ohar, V. V.; Dernov, V. S. (2024). "Carboniferous conulariids (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from Ukraine". Spanish Journal of Palaeontology. doi:10.7203/sjp.29338.
16. Rozhnov, S. V. (2024). "A possible archaic precursor of the octocoral structural plan from the Ordovician of Estonia". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (5). e1593. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1593R. doi:10.1002/spp2.1593.
17. McIlroy, D.; Pasinetti, G.; Pérez-Pinedo, D.; McKean, C.; Dufour, S. C.; Matthews, J. J.; Menon, L. R.; Nicholls, R.; Taylor, R. S. (2024). "The Palaeobiology of Two Crown Group Cnidarians: Haootia quadriformis and Mamsetia manunis gen. et sp. nov. from the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada". Life. 14 (9). 1096. Bibcode:2024Life...14.1096M. doi:10.3390/life14091096. PMC 11432848. PMID 39337880.
18. El-Desouky, H. (2024). "Revisiting Late Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian) Corals of Egypt: New perspectives and contributions". Egyptian Journal of Geology. 68: 79–95. doi:10.21608/EGJG.2024.281602.1071.
19. Kazantseva, E. S.; Koromyslova, A. V.; Krutykh, A. A. (2024). "A new species of Mucophyllum rugose coral encrusted by bryozoans, tentaculoid tubeworms, and tabulates from the upper Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen. 312 (3): 261–273. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2024/1211.
20. Fedorowski, J.; Chwieduk, E. (2024). "Some genera and species of dissepimented solitary Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) and Cisuralian (Permian) of North America. Part 1. Yuanophylloides Fomichev, 1953". Acta Geologica Polonica. 74 (3). e16. doi:10.24425/agp.2024.150008.
21. Bruthansová, J.; Bruthans, J.; Schweigstillová, J.; Van Iten, H. (2024). "Underwater drunken forest: Changes in growth direction and ornamentation in Conularia fragilis Barrande, 1867 (Lower Devonian, Czech Republic)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (3). 27.3.a54. doi:10.26879/1414.
22. Jung, J.; Zoppe, S. F.; Söte, T.; Moretti, S.; Duprey, N. N.; Foreman, A. D.; Wald, T.; Vonhof, H.; Haug, G. H.; Sigman, D. M.; Mulch, A.; Schindler, E.; Janussen, D.; Martínez-García, A. (2024). "Coral photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian reefs". Nature: 1–7. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08101-9. PMID 39443794.
23. Lathuilière, B.; Huang, D.; The Corallosphere Group (2024). "Deciphering the evolutionary history of early Mesozoic fossil corals". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (2): 249–262. doi:10.4202/app.01136.2024.
24. Pisapia, C.; Vicens, G. M.; Benzoni, F.; Westphal, H. (2024). "Mediterranean imprint on coral diversity in the incipient Red Sea (Burdigalian, Saudi Arabia)". PALAIOS. 39 (7): 233–242. Bibcode:2024Palai..39..233P. doi:10.2110/palo.2023.025.
25. Håkansson, E.; Gordon, D. P.; Taylor, P. D. (2024). Bryozoa from the Maastrichtian Korojon Formation, Western Australia. Fossils and Strata Series. Vol. 70. pp. 1–155. doi:10.18261/9788215072081-2024. ISBN 978-8-215-07207-4.
26. Taboada, C. A.; Pagani, M. A.; Cúneo, R. (2024). "Encrusting bryozoan attached to terrestrial plant leaves from brackish deposits of the Lefipán Formation (Patagonia, Argentina), close to the K/Pg boundary". Cretaceous Research. 164. 105970. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16405970T. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105970.
27. Ernst, A.; Buttler, C. (2024). "Bryozoan fauna from the Ferques Formation (Upper Devonian, Frasnian) of France". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. Bibcode:2024PdPe..tmp...29E. doi:10.1007/s12549-024-00614-5.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bibcode (link)
28. Koromyslova, A. V.; Dronov, A. V. (2024). "The Upper Ordovician Katian Stage Bryozoans from the Dzheromo Formation of the Moyerokan River Section (Northern Siberian Platform) and Their Paleogeographical Significance". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 32 (5): 492–519. Bibcode:2024SGC....32..492K. doi:10.1134/S0869593824700126.
29. López-Gappa, J.; Ezcurra, M. D.; Rust, S. (2024). "A new species of Parainversiula (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Northland, New Zealand". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–8. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2393905.
30. He, M.; Yang, Y.; Ma, J.; Zhang, Z.; Chi, X.; Liu, J.; Peng, T.; Zhang, Q.; Yang, L. (2024). "New bryozoans from the Early Ordovician Honghuayuan Formation in Tongzi County, northern Guizhou". Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 41 (3): 204–218. doi:10.16087/j.cnki.1000-0674.20240722.001.
31. Baranov, V. V.; Nikolaev, A. I. (2024). "New Taxa of Spiriferids (Brachiopoda) from the Lower Devonian Beds of Northeastern Asia". Paleontological Journal. 58 (1): 60–69. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58...60B. doi:10.1134/S0031030124010015.
32. Hints, L. (2024). "Taxonomy of the Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) brachiopod Dalmanella kegelensis Alichova, 1953 and the new genus Alichovella". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 73 (1): 45–56. doi:10.3176/earth.2024.06.
33. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). "Aulostegid brachiopods from the Permian beds of east Australia and New Zealand". Permian genera and species of Strophalosiidina (Brachiopoda) from east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 23. pp. 147–198.
34. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). "Trigonotretoid brachiopods from east Australia and New Zealand". Brachiopod species of Spiriferidina from the Permian faunas of east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 26. pp. 71–165.
35. Colmenar, J.; Chacaltana, C. A.; Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C. (2024). "Lower–Middle Ordovician brachiopods from the Eastern Cordillera of Peru: evidence of active faunal dispersal across Rheic and Iapetus oceans". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (5). e1595. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1595C. doi:10.1002/spp2.1595.
36. Jin, J.; Rasmussen, C. M. Ø.; Sheehan, P. M.; Harper, D. A. T. (2024). "Late Ordovician and early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: implications for a warm-water faunal province". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (1). e1544. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1544J. doi:10.1002/spp2.1544.
37. Ishizaki, Y.; Shiino, Y. (2024). "A new genus of Triassic discinid brachiopod and re-evaluating the taxonomy of the group—evolutionary insights into autecological innovation of post-Palaeozoic discinids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (3): 529–548. doi:10.4202/app.01164.2024.
38. Gaudin, J. (2024). "Chenshichonetes nom. nov., a new replacement name for Robertsella Chen & Shi, 2003 (Brachiopoda, Rugosochonetidae)". Zootaxa. 5403 (2): 293–294. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5403.2.8. PMID 38480440.
39. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). A summary of brachiopod species belonging to the Orthida, Rhynchonellidina, Stenoscismatidina and Athyrida from the Permian faunas of east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 24. pp. 1–52.
40. Benedetto, J. L.; Lavié, F. J.; Salas, M. J. (2024). "New Silurian craniopsids (Brachiopoda, Craniiformea) from the Precordillera basin of western Argentina and their associated faunas". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 138. 104881. Bibcode:2024JSAES.13804881B. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.104881.
41. Gallagher, E. E.; Harper, D. A. T. (2024). "Silurian brachiopods from the Pentland Hills, Scotland". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 177 (666): 1–69. doi:10.1080/02693445.2023.2307703.
42. Vörös, A. (2024). "The Middle Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range, Hungary". Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica. 61: 1–116.
43. Hints, L.; Jiayu, R. (2024). "Discovery of trimerellide brachiopod Gasconsia from the Ordovician of Estonia". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 73 (2): 124–133. doi:10.3176/earth.2024.12.
44. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). "Ambocoelioidea in the Permian of east Australia and New Zealand". Brachiopod species of Spiriferidina from the Permian faunas of east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 26. pp. 15–37.
45. Jin, J.; Harper, D. A. T. (2024). "An Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern margin of Laurentia". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (1): 13–39. Bibcode:2024JPal...98...13J. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.87.
46. Baranov, V. V.; Kebria-Ee Zadeh, M.-R.; Blodgett, R. B. (2024). "Late Famennian rhynchonellides (Brachiopoda) of northeast Iran". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–30. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2341857.
47. Poletaev, V. (2024). "New and revised taxa of Carboniferous spiriferides (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine) and South Urals (Russia)". European Journal of Taxonomy (968): 132–155. doi:10.5852/ejt.2024.968.2723.
48. Halamski, A. T.; Baliński, A.; Kondas, M. (2024). "Kyrtatrypa pauli sp. nov., a key brachiopod species of post-Taghanic recovery faunas in the Middle Devonian (Givetian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland" (PDF). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae. 94 (3): 225–240. doi:10.14241/asgp.2024.12 (inactive 2024-11-16).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
49. Candela, Y.; Harper, D. A. T.; Mergl, M. (2024). "The brachiopod faunas from the Fezouata Shale (Lower Ordovician; Tremadocian–Floian) of the Zagora area, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: evidence for a biodiversity hub in Gondwana". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (5). e1592. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1592C. doi:10.1002/spp2.1592.
50. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). "A frenzy of evolution: echinalosiin brachiopods in the Permian of east Australia and New Zealand". Permian genera and species of Strophalosiidina (Brachiopoda) from east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 23. pp. 23–98.
51. Mergl, M. (2024). "Lingulates of the Monograptus belophorus Biozone (Motol Formation, Sheinwoodian, Wenlock) of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic: insight into remarkable lingulate brachiopod diversity in the Silurian". Bulletin of Geosciences. 99 (1): 1–42. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1897.
52. Baranov, V. V.; Blodgett, R. B. (2023). "Some Early Pragian Brachiopods from Soda Creek Limestone of West-Central Alaska". Paleontological Journal. 57 (1 supplement): S45–S57. doi:10.1134/S0031030123700016.
53. Serobyan, V.; Vinn, O.; Mottequin, B. (2024). "Cyrtospiriferid (Spiriferida) brachiopods from the lower Famennian recovery interval of Central Armenia: insights on biotic interactions and "blisters"". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 63 (3). doi:10.4435/BSPI.2024.14.
54. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). "Systematic and stratigraphic summary". Brachiopod genera and species of the suborder Martiniidina from the Permian faunas of east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 25. pp. 5–28.
55. Corrêa, L. F. A.; Ramos, M. I. F.; Rezende, J. M. P. (2024). "Schellwienella amazonensis (Orthotetida, Brachiopoda): new species of the genus in the Lochkovian of the Amazonas Basin (Manacapuru Formation), northern Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105253. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105253.
56. Radulović, B. V.; Sandy, M. R.; Schaaf, P. (2024). "A new species and genus of Lower Jurassic rhynchonellide (Brachiopoda) from Livari (Rumija Mountain, Montenegro): taxonomic implications of the shell microstructure". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–18. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403595.
57. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). Punctate Spiriferimorph Brachiopoda from the Permian of East Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 27. pp. 1–69.
58. Waterhouse, J. B. (2024). "Permian Ingelarellidae Campbell (Brachiopoda) from east Australia and New Zealand". Brachiopod genera and species of the suborder Martiniidina from the Permian faunas of east Australia and New Zealand (PDF). Earthwise. Vol. 25. pp. 29–138.
59. Liu, C.-Y.; Qiao, L.; Liang, K.; Li, Y.; Qie, W.-K. (2024). "Middle Devonian brachiopods from Qujing of eastern Yunnan, China and their biostratigraphical and palaeoecological implications". Palaeoworld. 33 (6): 1564–1579. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.02.005.
60. Huang, B.; Rong, J. (2024). "Heterogeneous palaeo-ecogeography of brachiopods during the Late Ordovician mass extinction in South China". Palaeontology. 67 (5). e12728. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712728H. doi:10.1111/pala.12728.
61. Shi, K.; Huang, B. (2024). "Is there synchronicity between brachiopod diversity changes and palaeobiogeographical shifts across the Late Ordovician mass extinction?". Palaeontology. 67 (5). e12730. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712730S. doi:10.1111/pala.12730.
62. Guo, Z.; Benton, M. J.; Stubbs, T. L.; Chen, Z.-Q. (2024). "Morphological innovation did not drive diversification in Mesozoic–Cenozoic brachiopods". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 8 (10): 1948–1958. Bibcode:2024NatEE...8.1948G. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02491-9. PMID 39054349.
63. Liang, Y.; Fu, R.; Hu, Y.; Liu, F.; Song, B.; Luo, M.; Ren, X.; Wang, J.; Zhang, C.; Fang, R.; Yang, X.; Holmer, L. E.; Zhang, Z. (2024). "Late Ordovician lingulid brachiopods from the Pingliang Formation (Shaanxi Province, North China): Morphological and ecological implications". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 263. 106036. Bibcode:2024JAESc.26306036L. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106036.
64. Dattilo, B. F.; Freeman, R. L.; Hartshorn, K.; Peterman, D.; Morse, A.; Meyer, D. L.; Dougan, L. G.; Hagadorn, J. W. (2024). "Paradox lost: wide gape in the Ordovician brachiopod Rafinesquina explains how unattached filter-feeding strophomenoids thrived on muddy substrates". Palaeontology. 67 (2). e12697. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712697D. doi:10.1111/pala.12697.
65. Shapiro, R. S. (2024). "Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (1): 87–107. doi:10.4202/app.01059.2023.
66. Popov, A. M. (2024). "First Record of a Cryptonellid Brachiopod ? Heterelasma sp. in the Lower Triassic of Southern Primorye, Russia". Paleontological Journal. 58 (5): 541–545. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..541P. doi:10.1134/S0031030124600719.
67. Harper, E. M.; Peck, L. S. (2024). "The demise of large tropical brachiopods and the Mesozoic marine revolution". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (3). 231630. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131630H. doi:10.1098/rsos.231630. PMC 10966397. PMID 38545611.
68. Bohatý, J.; Macurda, D. B.; Waters, J. A. (2024). "A critical interval in blastoid evolution: the respiratory transition and palaeogeographic dispersion of the spiraculate blastoids in the Devonian". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (4). e1584. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1584B. doi:10.1002/spp2.1584.
69. Gholamalian, H.; Kamali, M. K.; Wood, D. A. (2024). "Albian–Cenomanian echinoids from areas north of Bandar Abbas and south of Fars in the Zagros Mountains, Iran". Cretaceous Research. 166. 106021. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106021.
70. Paul, C. R. C. (2024). "Bockeliecrinites, a new name for Protocrinites rugatus Bockelie, 1984 (Diploporita, Blastozoa), and its taxonomic significance". Norwegian Journal of Geology. 104 (2). 202415. doi:10.17850/njg104-2-1.
71. Liu, Q.; Paul, C. R. C.; Mao, Y.-Y.; Li, Y.; Fang, X.; Huang, D.-Y. (2024). "Cheirocystis liexiensis, a new rhombiferan blastozoan (Echinodermata) from Lower Ordovician of South China Block". Palaeoworld. 33 (6): 1505–1514. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.005.
72. Glass, A.; Blake, D. B.; Lefebvre, B. (2024). "An unusual new ophiuroid (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician (early Katian) of Morocco". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 23 (25): 401–415. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a25.
73. Płachno, B. J.; Benyoucef, M.; Mekki, F.; Adaci, M.; Bouchemla, I.; Jain, S.; Krajewski, M.; Salamon, M. A. (2024). "Copernicrinus zamori gen. et sp. nov., the oldest thiolliericrinid crinoid (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Bajocian strata of northwestern Algeria, Africa". Journal of Palaeogeography. 13 (2): 237–251. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2024.02.001.
74. Gale, A. S. (2024). "New starfish (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from the Middle Triassic (Lower Carnian) of northern Italy". Acta Geologica Polonica. 74 (3). e15. doi:10.24425/agp.2024.150009.
75. Gale, A. S.; Jagt, J. W. M. (2024). "The aberrant crinoid Cyathidium (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Cyrtocrinida) from lower Campanian phosphatic chalk in West Sussex (UK) and Picardie (France)". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2024.07.001.
76. Ausich, W. I.; Wilson, M. A.; Toom, U. (2024). "Early Silurian crinoid diversification on Baltica: Euspirocrinus varbolaensis sp. nov". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 73 (1): 37–44. doi:10.3176/earth.2024.05.
77. Bohatý, J.; Ausich, W. I.; Becker, R. T. (2024). "Frasnian crinoid associations of the Prüm Syncline (Eifel, Rhenish Massif, Germany) – biostratigraphic framework and macrofossil assemblages". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen. 312 (1): 31–83. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2024/1200.
78. Fau, M.; Wright, D. F.; Ewin, T. A. M.; Gale, A. S.; Villier, L. (2024). "Phylogenetic and taxonomic revisions of Jurassic sea stars support a delayed evolutionary origin of the Asteriidae". PeerJ. 12. e18169. doi:10.7717/peerj.18169. PMC 11531740. PMID 39494292.
79. Schlüter, N. (2024). "A paedomorphic dwarf species, Gauthieria pumilio sp. nov. (Echinoidea: Phymosomatidae), from the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of Hannover, Germany". PalZ. Bibcode:2024PalZ..tmp...37S. doi:10.1007/s12542-024-00702-z.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bibcode (link)
80. Abdelhamid, M. A. M.; Abdelghany, O.; Saima, M. A.; Asan, A. (2024). "Selected regular echinoids (Echinoidea) from the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian along the western borders of the Northern Oman Mountains, with description of a new species". Cretaceous Research. 106037. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106037.
81. Pauly, L.; Haude, R. (2024). "New sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Famennian of Velbert (W Germany): Evidence for echinoid faunal turnover in the Late Devonian". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 104 (3): 571–628. Bibcode:2024PdPe..104..571P. doi:10.1007/s12549-024-00612-7.
82. Roux, M.; Martinez-Soares, P.; Fornaciari, E.; Gatto, R.; Papazzoni, C. A.; Giusberti, L. (2024). "Eocene stalked crinoids in the genus Isselicrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Isocrinida) from northeastern Italy". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 130 (1): 153–171. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/20885. hdl:11380/1352168.
83. Ausich, W. I.; Križnar, M.; Paszcza, K.; Hoşgör, İ.; Płachno, B. J.; Salamon, M. A. (2024). "Early Permian crinoids from Laurasia and their paleogeographic implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (3): 447–466. doi:10.4202/app.01159.2024.
84. Gale, A. S.; Ward, D. J. (2024). "A new sun star (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Solasteridae) from the mid-Miocene of Lacoste, France". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2024.10.001.
85. Schlüter, N. (2024). "One steps out of line—A "modern" Micraster species (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) with some old-fashioned look, Micraster ernsti sp. nov. from the Campanian (Cretaceous)". Zootaxa. 5403 (1): 80–90. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.5. PMID 38480453.
86. Thuy, B.; Numberger-Thuy, L. D.; Härer, J.; Kroh, A.; Winkler, V.; Schweigert, G. (2024). "Fossil evidence for the ancient link between clonal fragmentation, six-fold symmetry and an epizoic lifestyle in asterozoan echinoderms". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2023). 20232832. doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2832. PMC 11285804. PMID 38747704.
87. Thuy, B.; Eriksson, M. E.; Kutscher, M.; Numberger-Thuy, L. D. (2024). "The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden". European Journal of Taxonomy (947): 216–247. doi:10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631.
88. Štorc, R.; Žítt, J. (2024). "Ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from the Lower Cretaceous of Štramberk, Moravia (Czech Republic)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 99 (3): 255–269. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1893.
89. Donovan, S. K.; Hoare, G.; Clark, N. D. L.; Dixon, B.; Fearnhead, F. E. (2024). "A new crinoid morphotaxon from the Silurian (Llandovery) of south-west Scotland (Ayrshire)". Scottish Journal of Geology. doi:10.1144/sjg2024-007.
90. Blake, D. B.; Lefebvre, B. (2024). "Ordovician Petraster Billings, 1858 (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) and early asteroid skeletal differentiation". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 23 (17): 217–239. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a17.
91. Rozhnov, S. V.; Anekeeva, G. A. (2024). "First Specimens of the Cornutan Stylophoran Phyllocystis (Echinodermata) in the Ordovician (Volkhov Regional Stage, Dapingian and Darriwilian) of Baltica and Special Aspects of Stylophoran Axial Symmetry". Paleontological Journal. 58 (2): 181–195. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..181R. doi:10.1134/S0031030123600300.
92. Brower, J. C.; Brett, C. E.; Feldman, H. R. (2024). "A crinoid fauna and a new species of Pycnocrinus from the Martinsburg Formation (Upper Ordovician), lower Hudson Valley, New York". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (3): 402–419. Bibcode:2024JPal...98..402B. doi:10.1017/jpa.2024.4.
93. Salamon, M. A.; Benyoucef, M.; Jain, S.; Benzaggagh, M.; Płachno, B. J.; Abdelhamid, M. A. M.; Ahmad, F.; Azar, D.; Bouchemla, I.; Brachaniec, T.; El Ouali, M.; El Qot, G.; Ferré, B.; Gorzelak, P.; Krajewski, M.; Klompmaker, A. A.; Mekki, F.; Paszcza, K.; Poatskievick-Pierezan, B.; Slami, R. (2024). "Jurassic and Cretaceous crinoids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the southern Tethys margin (northern and eastern Africa, and southern Asia)". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 328 (1–6): 1–99. doi:10.1127/pala/2024/0148.
94. Wang, D.Z.; Nohejlová, M.; Sun, Z.X.; Zeng, H.; Lefebvre, B.; Yang, X.L.; Zhao, F.C. (2024). "First report of lepidocystid echinoderm in the Cambrian of North China: evolutionary and palaeobiogeographic implications". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 644. 112194. Bibcode:2024PPP...64412194W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112194.
95. Rahman, I; Zamora, S (January 2, 2024). "Origin and Early Evolution of Echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 295–320. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..295R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
96. Novack-Gottshall, P. M.; Purcell, J.; Sultan, A.; Ranjha, I.; Deline, B.; Sumrall, C. D. (2024). "Ecological novelty at the start of the Cambrian and Ordovician radiations of echinoderms". Palaeontology. 67 (1). e12688. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712688N. doi:10.1111/pala.12688.
97. Waters, J. A.; Bohatý, J.; Macurda, D. B. (2024). "Feeding postures as indicators of mutable collagenous tissue in extinct echinoderms". Communications Biology. 7 (1). 1516. doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07232-z.
98. Yu, X.; Lan, T.; Zhao, Y. (2024). "Research on the stereom in Sinocrinus lui from the Kaili Formation (Cambrian), Guizhou, China". Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 41 (3): 193–203. doi:10.16087/j.cnki.1000-0674.20240731.001.
99. Bohatý, J.; Poschmann, M. J.; Müller, P.; Ausich, W. I. (2024). "Putting a crinoid on a stalk: new evidence on the Devonian diplobathrid camerate Monstrocrinus". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (6): 1233–1250. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.84.
100. Limbeck, M. R.; Bauer, J. E.; Deline, B.; Sumrall, C. D. (2024). "Initial quantitative assessment of the enigmatic clade Paracrinoidea (Echinodermata)". Palaeontology. 67 (3). e12695. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712695L. doi:10.1111/pala.12695.
101. García-Penas, Á.; Baumiller, T. K.; Aurell, M.; Zamora, S. (2024). "Intact stalked crinoids from the late Aptian of NE Spain offer insights into the Mesozoic Marine Revolution in the Tethys". Geology. 52 (8): 594–599. Bibcode:2024Geo....52..594G. doi:10.1130/G52179.1.
102. Salamon, M. A.; Radwańska, U.; Paszcza, K.; Krajewski, M.; Brachaniec, T.; Niedźwiedzki, R.; Gorzelak, P. (2024). "The latest shallow-sea isocrinids from the Miocene of Paratethys and implications to the Mesozoic marine revolution". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 17932. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67687-2. PMC 11297034. PMID 39095508.
103. Blake, D. B. (2024). "A review of the class Stenuroidea (Echinodermata: Asterozoa)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 409: 1–110.
104. Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C.; Maletz, J. (2024). "Mass occurrence of planktic dendroid graptolite synrhabdosomes (Calyxdendrum) from the Early Ordovician Fezouata biota of Morocco". Geologica Acta. 22. doi:10.1344/GeologicaActa2024.22.4.
105. Yang, X.; Kimmig, J.; Cameron, C. B.; Nanglu, K.; Kimmig, S. R.; de Carle, D.; Zhang, C.; Yu, M.; Peng, S. (2024). "An early Cambrian pelago-benthic acorn worm and the origin of the hemichordate larva". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (1). 27.1.a17. doi:10.26879/1356.
106. Maletz, J. (2024). "The evolutionary origins of the Hemichordata (Enteropneusta & Pterobranchia) - A review based on fossil evidence and interpretations". Bulletin of Geosciences. 99 (2): 127–147. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1899.
107. Lerosey-Aubril, R.; Maletz, J.; Coleman, R.; Del Mouro, L.; Gaines, R. R.; Skabelund, J.; Ortega-Hernández, J. (2024). "Benthic pterobranchs from the Cambrian (Drumian) Marjum Konservat-Lagerstätte of Utah". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (3). e1555. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1555L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1555.
108. Lopez, F. E.; Conde, O. A.; Braeckman, A. R.; Segura, D. G.; Drovandi, J. M.; Bueno, A. J.; Abarca, U. (2024). "New Ludlovian, upper Silurian, graptolite faunas from the Los Espejos Formation, Central Precordillera, San Juan Province, Argentina: correlations and biostratigraphic remarks". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (3): 351–370. doi:10.4202/app.01139.2024.
109. Shijia, G.; Tan, J.; Wang, W. (2024). "Locomotory and morphological evolution of the earliest Silurian graptolite Demirastrites selected by hydrodynamics". Palaeontology. 67 (3). e12716. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712716S. doi:10.1111/pala.12716.
110. Karádi, V. (2024). "Towards a refined Norian (Upper Triassic) conodont biostratigraphy of the western Tethys: revision of the recurrent 'multidentata-issue'". Geological Magazine. 160 (12): 2091–2109. doi:10.1017/S0016756824000104.
111. Kilic, A. M. (2024). "Note on Lower Triassic Gondolelloid Conodont Rediversifications with Emphasis on the Spathian Recovery". Journal of Earth Science. 35 (4): 1236–1242. Bibcode:2024JEaSc..35.1236K. doi:10.1007/s12583-023-1954-8.
112. Nazarova, V. M.; Soboleva, M. A. (2024). "Icriodus multidentatus sp. nov. and I. quartadecimensis sp. nov.—New Conodont Species from the Frasnian Stage of the Southern Timan". Paleontological Journal. 58 (3): 306–314. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..306N. doi:10.1134/S0031030124700114.
113. Orchard, M. J.; Golding, M. L. (2024). "The Neogondolella constricta (Mosher and Clark, 1965) group in the Middle Triassic of North America: speciation and distribution". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (6): 1161–1191. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.52.
114. Tagarieva, R. Ch. (2024). "Palmatolepis abramovae sp. nov.—A New Conodont Species from the Makarovo Regional Substage (Lower Famennian, Upper Devonian) of the Western Slope of the South Urals". Paleontological Journal. 58 (2): 196–203. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..196T. doi:10.1134/S0031030123600324.
115. Shirley, B.; Leonhard, I.; Murdock, D. J. E.; Repetski, J.; Świś, P.; Bestmann, M.; Trimby, P.; Ohl, M.; Plümper, O.; King, H. E.; Jarochowska, E. (2024). "Increasing control over biomineralization in conodont evolution". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 5273. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.5273S. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49526-0. PMC 11190287. PMID 38902270.
116. Zhen, Y. Y. (2024). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Stiptognathus (Conodonta) from the Lower Ordovician of Australia and its biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical significance". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 48 (1): 79–93. Bibcode:2024Alch...48...79Z. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2306623.
117. Voldman, G. G.; Cisterna, G. A.; Sterren, A. F.; Ezpeleta, M.; Barrick, J. E. (2024). "First documentation of Late Paleozoic conodonts from Argentina: Biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic constraints for the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in SW Gondwana". Geology. 52 (8): 583–587. Bibcode:2024Geo....52..583V. doi:10.1130/G52133.1.
118. Xue, C.; Yuan, D.; Chen, Y.; Stubbs, T. L.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Z. (2024). "Morphological innovation after mass extinction events in Permian and Early Triassic conodonts based on Polygnathacea". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 642. 112149. Bibcode:2024PPP...64212149X. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112149.
119. Yao, M.; Sun, Z.; Ji, C.; Liu, S.; Zhou, M.; Jiang, D. (2024). "Conodont-bearing bromalites from South China: Evidence for multiple predations on conodonts in the Early Triassic marine ecosystem". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 651. 112377. Bibcode:2024PPP...65112377Y. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112377.
120. Wu, K.; Yang, B.; Zhao, B.; Yang, L.; Zou, Y.; Chen, G.; Li, J. (2024). "Discriminating conodont recording bias: a case study from the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Lagerstätte". PeerJ. 12. e18011. doi:10.7717/peerj.18011. PMC 11404477. PMID 39285922.
121. Ye, S.-Y.; Wu, K.; Sun, Z.-Y.; Sander, P. M.; Samathi, A.; Sun, Y.-Y.; Ji, C.; Suteethorn, V.; Liu, J. (2024). "Conodonts suggest a late Spathian (late Early Triassic) age for Thaisaurus chonglakmanii (Reptilia: Ichthyosauromorpha) from Thailand". Palaeoworld. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.07.004.
122. Golding, M. L.; Kılıç, A. M. (2024). "Reconstruction of the multielement apparatus of the conodont Gladigondolella tethydis (Huckriede) using multivariate statistical analysis; implications for taxonomy, stratigraphy, and evolution". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 130 (1): 1–18. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/19954.
123. Osterling Arias, A. F.; Mooney, E. D.; Bevitt, J. J.; Reisz, R. R. (2024). "A new trematopid from the lower Permian of Oklahoma and new insights into the genus Acheloma". PLOS ONE. 19 (10). e0309393. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309393. PMC 11486393. PMID 39418236.
124. MacDougall, M. J.; Jannel, A.; Henrici, A. C.; Berman, D. S.; Sumida, S. S.; Martens, T.; Fröbisch, N. B.; Fröbisch, J. (2024). "A new recumbirostran 'microsaur' from the lower Permian Bromacker locality, Thuringia, Germany, and its fossorial adaptations". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 4200. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14.4200M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46581-3. PMC 10879142. PMID 38378723.
125. Ponstein, J.; MacDougall, M. J.; Fröbisch, J. (2024). "A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy of Diadectomorpha with a discussion on the origin of tetrapod herbivory". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (6). 231566. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131566P. doi:10.1098/rsos.231566. PMC 11257076. PMID 39036512.
126. Uliakhin, A. V.; Golubev, V. K. (2024). "Ancient Species of the Genus Dvinosaurus (Temnospondyli, Dvinosauria) from the Permian Sundyr Tetrapod Assemblage of Eastern Europe". Paleontological Journal. 58 (2): 204–225. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..204U. doi:10.1134/S0031030123600336.
127. Marsicano, C. A.; Pardo, J. D.; Smith, R. M. H.; Mancuso, A. C.; Gaetano, L. C.; Mocke, H. (2024). "Giant stem tetrapod was apex predator in Gondwanan late Palaeozoic ice age". Nature. 631 (8021): 577–582. Bibcode:2024Natur.631..577M. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07572-0. PMID 38961286.
128. So, C.; Pardo, J. D.; Mann, A. (2024). "A new amphibamiform from the Early Permian of Texas elucidates patterns of cranial diversity among terrestrial amphibamiforms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae012.
129. Pinheiro, Felipe L.; Eltink, Estevan; Paes-Neto, Voltaire D.; Machado, Arielli F.; Simões, Tiago R.; Pierce, Stephanie E. (2024-01-19). "Interrelationships among Early Triassic faunas of Western Gondwana and Laurasia as illuminated by a new South American benthosuchid temnospondyl". The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 726–743. doi:10.1002/ar.25384. ISSN 1932-8486. PMID 38240478.
130. So, C.; Kufner, A. M.; Pardo, J. D.; Edwards, C. L.; Price, B. R.; Bevitt, J. J.; LeClair-Diaz, A.; St. Clair, L.; Mann, J.; Teran, R.; Lovelace, D. M. (2024). "Fossil amphibian offers insights into the interplay between monsoons and amphibian evolution in palaeoequatorial Late Triassic systems". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2033). 20241041. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.1041. PMC 11521612. PMID 39471852.
131. Oreska, M. P. J.; DeMar, D. G.; Gardner, J. D.; Carrano, M. T. (2024). "Vertebrate paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous), IV: the oldest edentulous frog (Salientia) from Laurasia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44. e2399102. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2399102.
132. Schoch, R. R.; Moreno, R. (2024). "Synopsis on the temnospondyls from the German Triassic". Palaeodiversity. 17 (1): 9–48. doi:10.18476/pale.v17.a2.
133. Werneburg, R.; Witzmann, F.; Rinehart, L.; Fischer, J.; Voigt, S. (2024). "A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous–Permian boundary of Germany". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (6): 1251–1281. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.58.
134. Gómez, R. O.; Ventura, T.; Turazzini, G. F.; Marivaux, L.; Flores, R. A.; Boscaini, A.; Fernández-Monescillo, M.; Mamani Quispe, B.; Prámparo, M. B.; Fauquette, S.; Martin, C.; Münch, P.; Pujos, F.; Antoine, P.-O. (2024). "A new early water frog (Telmatobius) from the Miocene of the Bolivian Altiplano" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (1). e1543. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1543G. doi:10.1002/spp2.1543.
135. Santos, R. O.; Wilkinson, M.; Couto Ribeiro, G.; Carvalho, A. B.; Zaher, H. (2024). "The first fossil record of an aquatic caecilian (Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 202 (2). doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad188.
136. Retallack, G. J. (2024). "Late Devonian fossils of New South Wales and early tetrapod habitats". Lethaia. 57 (1): 1–19. Bibcode:2024Letha..57....1R. doi:10.18261/let.57.1.5.
137. Porro, L. B.; Martin-Silverstone, E.; Rayfield, E. J. (2024). "Descriptive anatomy and three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of the tetrapod Eoherpeton watsoni Panchen, 1975 from the Carboniferous of Scotland". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: 1–21. doi:10.1017/S175569102300018X.
138. Chakravorti, S.; Roy, A.; Sengupta, D. P. (2024). "Patterns of diversity of temnospondyl amphibians in India and South-East Asia". Annales de Paléontologie. 110 (1). 102686. Bibcode:2024AnPal.11002686C. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2024.102686.
139. Moreno, R.; Dunne, E. M.; Mujal, E.; Farnsworth, A.; Valdes, P. J.; Schoch, R. R. (2024). "Impact of environmental barriers on temnospondyl biogeography and dispersal during the Middle–Late Triassic". Palaeontology. 67 (5). e12724. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712724M. doi:10.1111/pala.12724.
140. Gee, B. M.; Sidor, C. A. (2024). "Diminutive temnospondyls from the lower and middle Fremouw Formation (Lower Triassic) of Antarctica". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e2407183. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2407183.
141. Quarto, L. F.; Antczak, M. (2024). "Morphometrics of the mandible of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis Sulej, 2002 and its ecological implications". Acta Geologica Polonica. 74 (3). e18. doi:10.24425/agp.2024.150010.
142. Witzmann, F.; Schoch, R. R. (2024). "Osteology and phylogenetic position of Plagiosaurus depressus (Temnospondyli: Plagiosauridae) from the Late Triassic of Germany and the repeated loss of dermal bones in plagiosaurids". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: zlae014. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae014.
143. So, C.; Mann, A. (2024). "A large brachyopoid from the Middle Triassic of northern Arizona and the diversity of brachyopoid temnospondyls from the Moenkopi Formation". Fossil Record. 27 (1): 233–245. Bibcode:2024FossR..27..233S. doi:10.3897/fr.27.117611.
144. Schoch, R. R. (2024). "Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Late Triassic temnospondyl Hyperokynodon keuperinus". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 310 (2): 147–160. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2023/1175.
145. Marjanović, D.; Maddin, H. C.; Olori, J. C.; Laurin, M. (2024). "The new problem of Chinlestegophis and the origin of caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophionomorpha) is highly sensitive to old problems of sampling and character construction". Fossil Record. 27 (1): 55–94. Bibcode:2024FossR..27...55M. doi:10.3897/fr.27.e109555.
146. Skutschas, P. P.; Saburov, P. G.; Uliakhin, A. V.; Kolchanov, V. V. (2024). "Long Bone Morphology and Histology of the Stem Salamander Kulgeriherpeton ultimum (Caudata, Karauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Yakutia". Paleontological Journal. 58 (1): 101–111. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..101S. doi:10.1134/S0031030124010076.
147. Skutschas, P. P.; Saburov, P. G.; Uliakhin, A. V.; Kolchanov, V. V. (2024). "Morphology and Histology of the Femora of Salamanders of the Genus Kiyatriton (Caudata) from the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia". Paleontological Journal. 58 (5): 578–585. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..578S. doi:10.1134/S0031030124600732.
148. Syromyatnikova, E. V.; Titov, V. V.; Tesakov, A. S.; Skutschas, P. P. (2024). "A "preglacial" giant salamander from Europe: new record from the Late Pliocene of Caucasus". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 23 (3): 45–57. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a3.
149. Skutschas, P. P.; Malakhov, D. V.; Parakhin, I. A.; Kolchanov, V. V. (2024). "New data on the crown proteid Bishara backa from the Upper Cretaceous (Bostobe Formation) of Kazakhstan: implications for early evolution and palaeobiogeography of Proteidae". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–9. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2384108.
150. Chuliver, M.; Agnolín, F. L.; Scanferla, A.; Aranciaga Rolando, M.; Ezcurra, M. D.; Novas, F. E.; Xu, X. (2024). "The oldest tadpole reveals evolutionary stability of the anuran life cycle". Nature: 1–5. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08055-y. PMID 39478214.
151. Du, B.; Zhang, J.; Gómez, R. O.; Dong, L.; Zhang, M.; Lei, X.; Li, A.; Dai, S. (2024). "A Cretaceous frog with eggs from northwestern China provides fossil evidence for sexual maturity preceding skeletal maturity in anurans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2016). 20232320. doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2320. PMC 10846944. PMID 38320608.
152. Santos, R. O.; Carvalho, A. B.; Zaher, H. (2024). "First record of a neobatrachian frog (Lissamphibia: Neobatrachia) from the Eocene–Oligocene Aiuruoca Basin, Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–6. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2336976.
153. Falk, D.; Wings, O.; Unitt, R.; Wade, J.; McNamara, M. E. (2024). "Fossilized anuran soft tissues reveal a new taphonomic model for the Eocene Geiseltal Konservat-Lagerstätte, Germany". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 7876. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14.7876F. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55822-y. PMC 11039752. PMID 38654038.
154. Gómez, R. O.; Turazzini, G. F.; García-López, D. A.; Badot, M. J. (2024). "A late Eocene frog assemblage from the Geste Formation, Puna of north-western Argentina". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–22. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2322532.
155. Zimicz, N.; Fabrezi, M.; Aramayo, A.; Bianchi, C.; Hongn, F.; Montero-López, C. (2024). "Ceratophryid frogs in the late Miocene of central Andes of Argentina: insights on the paleoenvironment of Palo Pintado Formation". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–14. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403590.
156. Venczel, M.; Codrea, V. A.; Solomon, A.; Fărcaș, C.; Bordeianu, M. (2024). "Lissamphibians from the late Eocene – early Oligocene transition of the Transylvanian Basin (Romania)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2392719.
157. Villa, A.; Macaluso, L.; Mörs, T. (2024). "Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): new evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (1). 27.1.a3. doi:10.26879/1323.
158. Georgalis, G. L.; Villa, A.; Ivanov, M.; Delfino, M. (2024). "New diverse amphibian and reptile assemblages from the late Neogene of northern Greece provide novel insights into the emergence of extant herpetofaunas of the southern Balkans". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 143 (1). 34. Bibcode:2024SwJP..143...34G. doi:10.1186/s13358-024-00332-7.
159. Bulanov, V. V. (2024). "New Data on the Morphology and Distribution of Kotlassia prima Amalitzky (Tetrapoda, Seymouriamorpha)". Paleontological Journal. 58 (4): 434–444. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..434B. doi:10.1134/S0031030124600380.
160. Reisz, R. R.; Maho, T.; Modesto, S. P. (2024). "Recumbirostran 'microsaurs' are not amniotes". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1). 2296078. Bibcode:2024JSPal..2296078R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2296078.
161. Modesto, S. P. (2024). "Problems of the interrelationships of crown and stem amniotes". Frontiers in Earth Science. 12. 1155806. Bibcode:2024FrEaS..1255806M. doi:10.3389/feart.2024.1155806.
162. Voigt, S.; Calábková, G.; Ploch, I.; Nosek, V.; Pawlak, W.; Raczyński, P.; Spindler, F.; Werneburg, R. (2024). "A diadectid skin impression and its implications for the evolutionary origin of epidermal scales". Biology Letters. 20 (5). 20240041. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0041. PMC 11285442. PMID 38773928.
163. Mao, F.; Zhang, C.; Ren, J.; Wang, T.; Wang, G.; Zhang, F.; Rich, T.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Meng, J. (2024). "Fossils document evolutionary changes of jaw joint to mammalian middle ear". Nature. 628 (8008): 576–581. Bibcode:2024Natur.628..576M. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07235-0. PMID 38570677.
164. Martin, T.; Averianov, A. O.; Lang, A. J.; Schultz, J. A.; Wings, O. (2024). "Docodontans (Mammaliaformes) from the Late Jurassic of Germany". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–9. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2300635.
165. Averianov, A. O.; Martin, T.; Lopatin, A. V.; Skutschas, P. P.; Vitenko, D. D.; Schellhorn, R.; Kolosov, P. N. (2024). "Docodontans from the Lower Cretaceous of Yakutia, Russia: new insights into diversity, morphology, and phylogeny of Docodonta". Cretaceous Research. 158. 105836. Bibcode:2024CrRes.15805836A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105836.
166. Mao, F.; Li, Z.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, C.; Rich, T.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Meng, J. (2024). "Jurassic shuotheriids show earliest dental diversification of mammaliaforms". Nature. 628 (8008): 569–575. Bibcode:2024Natur.628..569M. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07258-7. PMID 38570681.
167. Matlhaga, F. R.; Benoit, J.; Rubidge, B. S. (2024). "A new middle Permian burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the South African Karoo filling a gap in the biarmosuchian record". Palaeontologia Africana. 58: 28–36. hdl:10539/40426.
168. Liu, J.; Abdala, F. (2024). "A new small baurioid therocephalian from the Lower Triassic Jiucaiyuan Formation, Xinjiang, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 62 (3): 201–224. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.240726.
169. Duhamel, A.; Benoit, J.; Wynd, B.; Wright, A. M.; Rubidge, B. (2024). "Redescription of three basal anomodonts: a phylogenetic reassessment of the holotype of Eodicynodon oelofseni (NMQR 2913)". Frontiers in Earth Science. 11. 1220341. Bibcode:2024FrEaS..1120341D. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1220341.
170. Kerber, L.; Roese-Miron, L.; Medina, T. G. M.; da Roberto-da-Silva, L.; Cabreira, S. F.; Pretto, F. A. (2024). "Skull anatomy and paleoneurology of a new traversodontid from the Middle-Late Triassic of Brazil". The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 791–817. doi:10.1002/ar.25385. PMID 38282563.
171. Martinelli, A. G.; Ezcurra, M. D.; Fiorelli, L. E.; Escobar, J.; Hechenleitner, E. M.; von Baczko, M. B.; Taborda, J. R. A.; Desojo, J. B. (2024). "A new early-diverging probainognathian cynodont and a revision of the occurrence of cf. Aleodon from the Chañares Formation, northwestern Argentina: New clues on the faunistic composition of the latest Middle–?earliest Late Triassic Tarjadia Assemblage Zone". The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 818–850. doi:10.1002/ar.25388. PMID 38282519.
172. Singh, S. A.; Elsler, A.; Stubbs, T. L.; Rayfield, E. J.; Benton, M. J. (2024). "Predatory synapsid ecomorphology signals growing dynamism of late Palaeozoic terrestrial ecosystems". Communications Biology. 7 (1). 201. doi:10.1038/s42003-024-05879-2. PMC 10874460. PMID 38368492.
173. Harano, T.; Asahara, M. (2024). "Evolution of tooth morphological complexity and its association with the position of tooth eruption in the jaw in non-mammalian synapsids". PeerJ. 12. e17784. doi:10.7717/peerj.17784. PMC 11326432. PMID 39148681.
174. Jones, K. E.; Angielczyk, K. D.; Pierce, S. E. (2024). "Origins of mammalian vertebral function revealed through digital bending experiments". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2026). 20240820. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.0820. PMC 11335002. PMID 38981526.
175. Bishop, P. J.; Pierce, S. E. (2024). "Reconstructions of hindlimb musculature in extinct pre-therian synapsids". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 163 (9): 417–471. doi:10.3099/MCZ82.
176. Bishop, P. J.; Pierce, S. E. (2024). "Late acquisition of erect hindlimb posture and function in the forerunners of therian mammals". Science Advances. 10 (43). eadr2722. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr2722. PMC 11506245. PMID 39454012.
177. Maho, T.; Maho, S.; Bevitt, J. J.; Reisz, R. R. (2024). "Size and shape heterodonty in the early Permian synapsid Mesenosaurus efremovi". Journal of Anatomy. 245 (1): 181–196. doi:10.1111/joa.14034. PMC 11161827. PMID 38430000.
178. Maho, T.; Holmes, R.; Reisz, R. R. (2024). "Visual methods for documenting the preservation of large-sized synapsids at Richards Spur". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 23 (7): 95–105. Bibcode:2024CRPal..23.....M. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a7.
179. Benoit, J.; Araujo, R.; Lund, E. S.; Bolton, A.; Lafferty, T.; Macungo, Z.; Fernandez, V. (2024). "Early synapsids neurosensory diversity revealed by CT and synchrotron scanning". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25445. PMID 38600433.
180. Benoit, J.; Midzuk, A. J. (2024). "Estimating the endocranial volume and body mass of Anteosaurus, Jonkeria, and Moschops (Dinocephalia, Therapsida) using 3D sculpting". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (2). 27.2.a39. doi:10.26879/1377.
181. Jirah, S.; Rubidge, B. S.; Abdala, F. (2024). "Cranial morphology of Jonkeria truculenta (Therapsida, Dinocephalia) and a taxonomic reassessment of the family Titanosuchidae". Palaeontologia Africana. 58: 1–27. hdl:10539/38605.
182. Bulanov, V. V. (2024). "On the Taxonomic Affinity of Davletkulia gigantea Ivachnenko". Paleontological Journal. 58 (5): 586–592. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..586B. doi:10.1134/S0031030124600628.
183. Rabe, C.; Marugán-Lobón, J.; Smith, R. M. H.; Chinsamy, A. (2024). "Geometric morphometric analysis of an ontogenetic cranial series of the Permian dicynodont Diictodon feliceps". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2027). 20240626. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.0626. PMC 11289659. PMID 39081192.
184. Maharaj, I. E. M.; Macungo, M.; Smith, R. M. H.; Chinsamy, A.; Araújo, R. (2024). "Taxonomic revision of the late Permian dicynodont genus Endothiodon (Therapsida, Anomodontia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1). 2346578. Bibcode:2024JSPal..2246578M. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2346578.
185. Shi, Y.-T.; Liu, J. (2024). "Osteology of Turfanodon bogdaensis (Dicynodontia)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 62 (3): 186–200. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.240529.
186. George, H.; Kammerer, C. F.; Foffa, D.; Clark, N. D. L.; Brusatte, S. L. (2024). "Micro-CT data reveal new information on the craniomandibular and neuroanatomy of the dicynodont Gordonia (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the late Permian of Scotland". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae065.
187. Pinto, J. L.; Marshall, C. R.; Nesbitt, S. J.; Varajão de Latorre, D. (2024). "Quantitative evidence for dimorphism suggests sexual selection in the maxillary caniniform process of Placerias hesternus". PLOS ONE. 19 (5). e0297894. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1997894P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297894. PMC 11142433. PMID 38820280.
188. Sulej, T. (2024). "Osteology and relationships of the Late Triassic giant dicynodont Lisowicia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 202 (1). zlae085. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae085.
189. Sidor, C. A.; Mann, A. (2024). "The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia), with comments on sternal evolution in therapsids". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 23 (6): 85–93. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a6.
190. Brant, A. J.; Sidor, C. A. (2024). "Earliest evidence of Inostrancevia in the southern hemisphere: new data from the Usili Formation of Tanzania". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (4). e2313622. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2313622.
191. Benoit, J.; Kammerer, C. F.; Dollman, K.; Groenewald, D. D. P.; Smith, R. M. H. (2024). "Did gorgonopsians survive the end-Permian "Great Dying" ? A re-appraisal of three gorgonopsian specimens (Therapsida, Theriodontia) reported from the Triassic Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 638. 112044. Bibcode:2024PPP...63812044B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112044.
192. Pusch, L. C.; Kammerer, C. F.; Fröbisch, J. (2024). "The origin and evolution of Cynodontia (Synapsida, Therapsida): Reassessment of the phylogeny and systematics of the earliest members of this clade using 3D-imaging technologies". The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 1634–1730. doi:10.1002/ar.25394. PMID 38444024.
193. Stuart, B. P.; Huttenlocker, A. K.; Botha, J. (2024). "The postcranial anatomy of Moschorhinus kitchingi (Therapsida: Therocephalia) from the Karoo Basin of South Africa". PeerJ. 12. e17765. doi:10.7717/peerj.17765. PMC 11326434. PMID 39148680.
194. Benoit, J.; Jirah, S.; Lund, E. S.; Lafferty, T.; Buffa, V.; Norton, L. A. (2024). "Re-assessing the age of the type locality of Nythosaurus larvatus (Therapsida, Cynodontia) and implications on the evolutionary dynamics of cynodonts". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 135 (5): 589–595. Bibcode:2024PrGA..135..589B. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2024.08.007.
195. Hendrickx, C.; Abdala, F.; Filippini, F. S.; Wills, S.; Benson, R.; Choiniere, J. N. (2024). "Evolution of postcanine complexity in Gomphodontia (Therapsida: Cynodontia)". The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 1613–1633. doi:10.1002/ar.25386. PMID 38282465.
196. Müller, R. T.; Martinelli, A. G.; Bem, F. P.; Schmitt, M. R.; Kerber, L. (2024). "Biostratigraphic significance of a new record of Protuberum cabralense, a bizarre traversodontid cynodont from the Middle‑Late Triassic of Southern Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–9. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403603.
197. Schmitt, M. R.; Martinelli, A. G.; Fonseca, P. H. M.; Schultz, C. L.; Soares, M. B. (2024). "Craniodental reinterpretations and new specimens of Protuberum cabralense, a bizarre traversodontid cynodont from the earliest Late Triassic of Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 149. 105213. Bibcode:2024JSAES.14905213S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105213.
198. Roese-Miron, L.; Dotto, P. H.; Medina, T. G. M.; Da-Rosa, Á. A. S.; Müller, R. T.; Kerber, L. (2024). "Stranger in the nest: On the biostratigraphic relevance of a new record of a traversodontid cynodont in southern Brazil (Candelária Sequence, Upper Triassic)". Palaeoworld. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.008.
199. Figueiredo, J. L.; Melo, T. P.; Neto, V. D. P.; Rosa, C.; Pinheiro, F. L. (2024). "A new cynodont concentration from the Brazilian Triassic: insights into the genesis and paleobiological significance of a highly productive fossil site". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 148. 105142. Bibcode:2024JSAES.14805142F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105142.
200. Kaiuca, J. F. L.; Martinelli, A. G.; Schultz, C. L.; Fonseca, P. H. M.; Tavares, W. C.; Soares, M. B. (2024). "Weighing in on miniaturization: New body mass estimates for Triassic eucynodonts and analyses of body size evolution during the cynodont-mammal transition". The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 1594–1612. doi:10.1002/ar.25377. PMID 38229416.
201. Fonseca, P. H. M.; Martinelli, A. G.; Gill, P. G.; Rayfield, E. J.; Schultz, C. L.; Kerber, L.; Ribeiro, A. M.; Francischini, H.; Soares, M. B. (2024). "New evidence from high-resolution computed microtomography of Triassic stem-mammal skulls from South America enhances discussions on turbinates before the origin of Mammaliaformes". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 13817. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1413817F. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64434-5. PMC 11180108. PMID 38879680.
202. Rawson, J. R. G.; Martinelli, A. G.; Gill, P. G.; Soares, M. B.; Schultz, C. L.; Rayfield, E. J. (2024). "Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw joint". Nature. 634 (8033): 381–388. Bibcode:2024Natur.634..381R. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07971-3. PMC 11464377. PMID 39322670.
203. Fonseca, P. H. M.; Martinelli, A. G.; Gill, P. G.; Rayfield, E. J.; Schultz, C. L.; Kerber, L.; Ribeiro, A. M.; Soares, M. B. (2024). "Anatomy of the maxillary canal of Riograndia guaibensis (Cynodontia, Probainognathia)—A prozostrodont from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25540. PMID 39039851.
204. Szczygielski, T.; Van den Brandt, M. J.; Gaetano, L.; Dróżdż, D. (2024). "Saurodesmus robertsoni Seeley 1891—The oldest Scottish cynodont". PLOS ONE. 19 (5). e0303973. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1903973S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303973. PMC 11135747. PMID 38809839.
205. Hurtado, H.; Harris, J. D.; Milner, A. R. C. (2024). "Possible eucynodont (Synapsida: Cynodontia) tracks from a lacustrine facies in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation of southwestern Utah". PeerJ. 12. e17591. doi:10.7717/peerj.17591. PMC 11214430. PMID 38948213.
206. Hoffmann, S.; Malik, R. S.; Vidyasagar, A.; Gill, P. (2024). "The inner ear and stapes of the basal mammaliaform Morganucodon revisited: new information on labyrinth morphology and promontorial vascularization". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae062.
207. Martin, T.; Averianov, A. O.; Lang, A. J.; Wings, O. (2024). "Lower molars of the large morganucodontan Storchodon cingulatus from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Germany". PalZ. 98 (3): 525–533. Bibcode:2024PalZ...98..525M. doi:10.1007/s12542-024-00690-0.
208. Averianov, A. O.; Voyta, L. L. (2024). "Putative Triassic stem mammal Tikitherium copei is a Neogene shrew". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 31. 10. doi:10.1007/s10914-024-09703-w.
209. Panciroli, E.; Benson, R. B. J.; Fernandez, V.; Fraser, N. C.; Humpage, M.; Luo, Z.-X.; Newham, E.; Walsh, S. (2024). "Jurassic fossil juvenile reveals prolonged life history in early mammals". Nature. 632 (8026): 815–822. Bibcode:2024Natur.632..815P. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07733-1. PMID 39048827.
210. Newham, E.; Corfe, I. J.; Brewer, P.; Bright, J. A.; Fernandez, V.; Gostling, N. J.; Hoffmann, S.; Jäger, K. R. K.; Kague, E.; Lovric, G.; Marone, F.; Panciroli, E.; Schneider, P.; Schultz, J. A.; Suhonen, H.; Witchell, A.; Gill, P. G.; Martin, T. (2024). "The origins of mammal growth patterns during the Jurassic mammalian radiation". Science Advances. 10 (32): eado4555. Bibcode:2024SciA...10O4555N. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado4555. PMID 39110800.
211. Brocklehurst, N. (2024). "The decline and fall of the mammalian stem". PeerJ. 12. e17004. doi:10.7717/peerj.17004. PMC 10906263. PMID 38436024.
212. Mapalo, M. A.; Wolfe, J. M.; Ortega-Hernández, J. (2024). "Cretaceous amber inclusions illuminate the evolutionary origin of tardigrades". Communications Biology. 7 (1). 953. doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06643-2. PMC 11303527. PMID 39107512.
213. Scheffler, S. M.; Sedorko, D.; Netto, R. G.; Memória, S. C.; Horodyski, R. S.; Tavares, I. S. (2024). "Annulitubus fernandesi sp. n. a new Devonian Annelida tube worm (Pimenteira Formation, Parnaíba Basin, Brazil)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–8. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2380359.
214. Zhang, H.; Wang, Q-J.; Zhang, C.-W.; Luo, D.-D.; Luo, X.-C.; Wang, Y.-F.; Wang, D.-Z.; Yang, X.-L. (2024). "Chancelloriids from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Lagerstätte of South China and a reappraisal of their diversification in South China". Geobios. 84: 103–114. Bibcode:2024Geobi..84..103Z. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.001.
215. Runnegar, B.; Gehling, J. G.; Jensen, S.; Saltzman, M. R. (2024). "Ediacaran paleobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi n. gen. n. sp". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (Supplement S94): 1–59. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.81.
216. Jeon, J.; Toom, U. (2024). "First report of an aulaceratid stromatoporoid from the Ordovician of Baltica". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 73 (2): 71–80. doi:10.3176/earth.2024.07.
217. Burrow, C. J.; Smith, P. M. (2024). "A New Hyolithid Australolithes troffsensis gen. et sp. nov. from an Early Devonian (Lochkovian) Limestone in Central New South Wales". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 146: 49–56.
218. Wang, D.; Qiang, Y.; Guo, J.; Vannier, J.; Song, Z.; Peng, J.; Zhang, B.; Sun, J.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, T.; Yang, X.; Han, J. (2024). "Early evolution of the ecdysozoan body plan". eLife. 13. RP94709. doi:10.7554/eLife.94709. PMC 11231812. PMID 38976315.
219. Malinky, J. M.; Geyer, G. (2024). "Early Cambrian hyoliths from the Brigus Formation of Avalonian Newfoundland". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 48 (1): 1–41. Bibcode:2024Alch...48....1M. doi:10.1080/03115518.2023.2293724.
220. Jeon, J.; Kershaw, S.; Li, Y.; Chen, Z.-Y.; Toom, U.; Yu, S.-Y.; Zhang, Y.-D. (2024). "Stromatoporoids of the upper Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician) Shiqian Formation of South China: implications for environmental interpretation and the Ordovician–Silurian stromatoporoid transition". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1). 2351930. Bibcode:2024JSPal..2251930J. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2351930.
221. Vinn, O.; Wilson, M. A.; Madison, A.; Ernst, A.; Toom, U. (2024). "Dwarf cornulitid tubeworms from the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–6. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2318796.
222. Vinn, O.; Colmenar, J.; Zamora, S.; Pereira, S.; Pillola, G. L.; Alkahtane, A. A.; Al Farraj, S.; El Hedeny, M. (2024). "Late Ordovician cornulitid tubeworms from high-latitude peri-Gondwana (Sardinia and the Pyrenees) and their palaeobiogeographic significance". Journal of Palaeogeography. 13 (4): 939–953. Bibcode:2024JPalG..13..939V. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2024.08.009.
223. Fang, H.; Poinar, G. O.; Wang, H.; Wang, B.; Luo, C. (2024). "First spider-parasitized mermithid nematode from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar". Cretaceous Research. 158. 105866. Bibcode:2024CrRes.15805866F. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105866.
224. Aria, C.; Caron, J.-B. (2024). "Deep origin of articulation strategies in panarthropods: evidence from a new luolishaniid lobopodian (Panarthropoda) from the Tulip Beds, Burgess Shale". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1). 2356090. Bibcode:2024JSPal..2256090A. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2356090.
225. El Bakhouch, A.; Kerner, A.; Azizi, A.; Debrenne, F.; Jalil, N.-E.; Hafid, A.; El Hariri, K. (2024). "New archaeocyath genus from the early Cambrian of the western Anti-Atlas, Morocco". Geodiversitas. 46 (12): 445–455. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2024v46a12 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
226. Luzhnaya, E. A. (2024). "A New Spheromorphic Problematic of the Genus Gaparella from the Lower Cambrian of Western Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 58 (2): 144–150. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..144L. doi:10.1134/S0031030123600282.
227. Davydov, A. E.; Yashunsky, Yu. V.; Mirantsev, G. V.; Krutykh, A. A. (2024). "New Hypercalcified Calcareous Sponges from the Gzhelian Stage of the Moscow Region". Paleontological Journal. 57 (11): 1325–1351. Bibcode:2024PalJ...57.1325D. doi:10.1134/S0031030123110035.
228. Wang, X.; Liu, A. G.; Chen, Z.; Wu, C.; Liu, Y.; Wan, B.; Pang, K.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X.; Xiao, S. (2024). "A late-Ediacaran crown-group sponge animal". Nature. 630 (8018): 905–911. Bibcode:2024Natur.630..905W. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07520-y. PMID 38839967.
229. Kolesnikov, K. A.; Botting, J. P.; Ivantsov, A. Yu.; Zhuravlev, A. Yu. (2024). "New early Cambrian sponges of the Siberian platform and the origins of spiculate crown-group demosponges". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (4). e1582. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1582K. doi:10.1002/spp2.1582.
230. Zhao, M.; Mussini, G.; Li, Y.; Tang, F.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Li, M.; Chen, A. (2024). "A putative triradial macrofossil from the Ediacaran Jiangchuan Biota". iScience. 27 (2): 108823. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j8823Z. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108823. PMC 10831930. PMID 38303714.
231. Luo, J.; Hua, H.; Gong, M.; Hou, Y.; Dai, Q.; Zhang, S.; Wang, X.; Bai, L. (2024). "Resurgence of cloudinomorph fossils with possible cnidarian affinity at the peak of the Cambrian Explosion (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) in southern Shaanxi, China". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (5). e1596. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1596L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1596.
232. Vinn, O.; Wilson, M. A.; Jäger, M.; Kočí, T. (2024). "The earliest true Spirorbinae from the late Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of France, Israel and Madagascar". PalZ. 98 (2): 223–244. Bibcode:2024PalZ...98..223V. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00681-7.
233. Lerosey-Aubril, R.; Ortega-Hernández, J. (2024). "A long-headed Cambrian soft-bodied vertebrate from the American Great Basin region". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (7). 240350. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1140350L. doi:10.1098/rsos.240350. PMC 11267725. PMID 39050723.
234. Li, W.; Yang, J.; Yang, X.; Dhungana, A.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Smith, M. R. (2024). "Omnidens appendages and the origin of radiodont mouthparts". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (6). e1600. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1600L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1600.
235. Malysheva, E. N. (2024). "A New Species Paradeningeria magna sp. nov. (Sphinctozoa, Porifera) from the Nakhodka Reef (Southern Primorye)". Paleontological Journal. 58 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2024PalJ...58..259M. doi:10.1134/S0031030124700047.
236. Del Mouro, L.; Lerosey-Aubril, R.; Botting, J.; Coleman, R.; Gaines, R. R.; Skabelund, J.; Weaver, J. C.; Ortega-Hernández, J. (2024). "A new sponge from the Marjum Formation of Utah documents the Cambrian origin of the hexactinellid body plan". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (9). 231845. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131845D. doi:10.1098/rsos.231845. PMC 11407857. PMID 39295920.
237. Vinn, O.; Wilson, M. A.; Toom, U. (2024). "A new genus and species of cornulitid tubeworm from the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (1): 40–46. Bibcode:2024JPal...98...40V. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.90.
238. Evans, S. D.; Hughes, I. V.; Hughes, E. B.; Dzaugis, P. W.; Dzaugis, M. P.; Gehling, J. G.; García-Bellido, D. C.; Droser, M. L. (2024). "A new motile animal with implications for the evolution of axial polarity from the Ediacaran of South Australia". Evolution and Development. 26 (6). e12491. doi:10.1111/ede.12491. PMID 39228078.
239. Nanglu, K.; Ortega-Hernández, J. (2024). "Post-Cambrian survival of the tubicolous scalidophoran Selkirkia". Biology Letters. 20 (3). 20240042. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0042. PMC 10965325. PMID 38531414.
240. Kočí, T.; Milàn, J.; Jakobsen, S. L.; Bashforth, A. R. (2024). "Serpula? alicecooperi sp. nov. – a new serpulid from the Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) Hasle Formation of Bornholm, Denmark". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 73: 41–56. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2024-73-02.
241. Pervushov, E. M. (2024). "Genus Sororistirps (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Ventriculitidae)". Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences. 24 (1): 56–70. doi:10.18500/1819-7663-2024-24-1-56-70.
242. Tonarová, P.; Suttner, T. J.; Hints, O.; Liang, Y.; Zemek, M.; Kubajko, M.; Zikmund, T.; Kaiser, J.; Kido, E. (2024). "Late Ordovician scolecodonts and chitinozoans from the Pin Valley in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, northern India". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (2): 199–215. doi:10.4202/app.01135.2024.
243. Park, T.Y. S.; Nielsen, M. L.; Parry, L. A.; Sørensen, M. V.; Lee, M.; Kihm, J.H.; Ahn, I.; Park, C.; De Vivo, G.; Smith, M. P.; Harper, D. A. T.; Nielsen, A. T.; Vinther, J. (2024). "A giant stem-group chaetognath". Science Advances. 10 (1): eadi6678. Bibcode:2024SciA...10I6678P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi6678. PMC 10796117. PMID 38170772.
244. Botha, T. L.; García-Bellido, D. C. (2024). "A new species of the iconic triradial Ediacaran genus Tribrachidium from Nilpena Ediacara National Park, Flinders Ranges (South Australia)". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (1): 1–12. Bibcode:2024JPal...98....1B. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.99. hdl:2440/140681.
245. Poinar, G. (2024). "Ectoparasitic nematodes developing in the integument of a Baltic amber pseudoscorpion". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–4. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2341848.
246. Sun, H.; Zhao, F.; Wu, R.; Zeng, H.; Sun, Z. (2024). "Spatiotemporal distribution and morphological diversity of the Cambrian Wiwaxia: New insights from South China". Global and Planetary Change. 239. 104507. Bibcode:2024GPC...23904507S. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104507.
247. Yang, X.; Aguado, M. T.; Yang, J.; Bleidorn, C. (2024). "A burrowing annelid from the early Cambrian". Biology Letters. 20 (10). 20240357. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0357. PMC 11461068. PMID 39378985.
248. Morais, L.; Freitas, B. T.; Fairchild, T. R.; Arcos, R. E. C.; Guillong, M.; Vance, D.; Campos, M. D. R.; Babinski, M.; Pereira, L. G.; Leme, J. M.; Boggiani, P. C.; Osés, G. L.; Rudnitzki, I. D.; Galante, D.; Rodrigues, F.; Trindade, R. I. F. (2024). "Dawn of diverse shelled and carbonaceous animal microfossils at ~ 571 Ma". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 14916. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1414916M. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65671-4. PMC 11213954. PMID 38942912.
249. Delahooke, K. M.; Liu, A. G.; Stephenson, N. P.; Mitchell, E. G. (2024). "'Conga lines' of Ediacaran fronds: insights into the reproductive biology of early metazoans". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (5). 231601. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131601D. doi:10.1098/rsos.231601. PMC 11286166. PMID 39076788.
250. Cao, J.; Meng, F.; Cai, Y. (2024). "Simulation of Ediacaran Cloudina tubular growth model via electrochemical synthesis". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 264. 106056. Bibcode:2024JAESc.26406056C. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106056.
251. Vinn, O.; Nanglu, K.; Wilson, M. A.; Isakar, M.; Toom, U. (2024). "Ediacaran-type non-mineralized tube-dwelling organisms persisted into the early Cambrian (Terreneuvian) in Baltica". Gondwana Research. 137: 29–35. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2024.09.009.
252. Wang, J.; Song, B.; Liang, Y.; Liang, K.; Zhang, Z. (2024). "The Internal Anatomy and Water Current System of Cambrian Archaeocyaths of South China". Life. 14 (2). 167. Bibcode:2024Life...14..167W. doi:10.3390/life14020167. PMC 10890368. PMID 38398676.
253. Pruss, S. B.; Karbowski, G.; Zhuravlev, A. Yu.; Webster, M.; Smith, E. F. (2024). "Dead clade walking: the persistence of Archaeocyathus in the aftermath of early Cambrian reef extinction in the western United States". PALAIOS. 39 (6): 210–224. Bibcode:2024Palai..39..210P. doi:10.2110/palo.2024.005.
254. Kershaw, S.; Jeon, J. (2024). "Stromatoporoids and extinctions: A review". Earth-Science Reviews. 252. 104721. Bibcode:2024ESRv..25204721K. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104721.
255. Botha, T. L.; Droser, M. L.; García-Bellido, D. C.; Sherratt, E. (2024). "Morphometric investigation of Tribrachidium from Nilpena Ediacara National Park, South Australia". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (2). 27.2.a36. Bibcode:2024PalEl..27...36B. doi:10.26879/1374.
256. Olaru, A.; Gutarra-Diaz, S.; Racicot, R. A.; Dunn, F. S.; Rahman, I. A.; Wang, Z.; Darroch, S. A. F.; Gibson, B. M. (2024). "Functional morphology of the Ediacaran organism Tribrachidium heraldicum". Paleobiology: 1–15. doi:10.1017/pab.2024.24.
257. Zhao, Y.; Chen, A.; Klug, C.; Lei, X.; Cong, P. (2024). "Adaptations to changing substrates in diploblastic dinomischids from the early Cambrian". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 648. 112301. Bibcode:2024PPP...64812301Z. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112301.
258. Turk, K. A.; Pulsipher, M. A.; Bergh, E.; Laflamme, M.; Darroch, S. A. F. (2024). "Archaeichnium haughtoni: a robust burrow lining from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition of Namibia". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (1). e1546. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1546T. doi:10.1002/spp2.1546.
259. Yu, C.; Wang, D.; Han, J. (2024). "Cambrian palaeoscolecidomorph Cricocosmia caught in the act of moulting". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2324427.
260. Howard, R. J.; Parry, L. A.; Clatworthy, I.; D'Souza, L.; Edgecombe, G. D. (2024). "Palaeoscolecids from the Ludlow Series of Leintwardine, Herefordshire (UK): the latest occurrence of palaeoscolecids in the fossil record". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (3). e1558. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1558H. doi:10.1002/spp2.1558.
261. Turk, K. A.; Pulsipher, M. A.; Mocke, H.; Laflamme, M.; Darroch, S. A. F. (2024). "Himatiichnus mangano igen. et isp. nov., a scalidophoran trace fossil from the late Ediacaran of Namibia". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (10). 240452. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1140452T. doi:10.1098/rsos.240452. PMC 11523102. PMID 39479238.
262. Chen, A.; Vannier, J.; Guo, J.; Wang, D.; Gąsiorek, P.; Han, J.; Ma, W. (2024). "Molting in early Cambrian armored lobopodians". Communications Biology. 7 (1). 820. doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06440-x. PMC 11226638. PMID 38969778.
263. Luo, C.; Palm, H. W.; Zhuang, Y.; Jarzembowski, E. A.; Nyunt, T. T.; Wang, B. (2024). "Exceptional preservation of a marine tapeworm tentacle in Cretaceous amber". Geology. 52 (7): 497–501. Bibcode:2024Geo....52..497L. doi:10.1130/G52071.1.
264. Yang, X.; Aguado, M. T.; Helm, C.; Zhang, Z.; Bleidorn, C. (2024). "New fossil of Gaoloufangchaeta advances the origin of Errantia (Annelida) to the early Cambrian". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (4). 231580. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131580Y. doi:10.1098/rsos.231580. PMC 11004674. PMID 38601033.
265. Słowiński, J.; Clapham, M.; Zatoń, M. (2024). "The Upper Permian tubular fossils from South China and their possible affinity to sabellid polychaetes". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2324448.
266. Jamison-Todd, S.; Mannion, P. D.; Glover, A. G.; Upchurch, P. (2024). "New occurrences of the bone-eating worm Osedax from Late Cretaceous marine reptiles and implications for its biogeography and diversification". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2020). 20232830. doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2830. PMC 11003772. PMID 38593847.
267. Zhang, Y.-Y.; Huang, D.-Y. (2024). "Amberground serpulid polychaetes on mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber". Mesozoic. 1 (3): 309–314. doi:10.11646/mesozoic.1.3.11.
268. Vinn, O.; Hosgör, İ.; Alkahtane, A. A.; El Hedeny, M.; Al Farraj, S. (2024). "First record of serpulids from the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Türkiye". Annales de Paléontologie. 110 (4). 102736. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2024.102736.
269. Liu, F.; Topper, T. P.; Strotz, L. C.; Liang, Y.; Hu, Y.; Skovsted, C. B.; Zhang, Z. (2024). "Morphological disparity and evolutionary patterns of Cambrian hyoliths". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (2). e1554. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1554L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1554.
270. Vinn, O.; Hambardzumyan, T.; Temereva, E.; Grigoryan, A.; Tsatryan, M.; Harutyunyan, L.; Asatryan, K.; Serobyan, V. (2024). "Fossilized soft tissues in tentaculitids from the Upper Devonian of Armenia: Towards solving the mystery of their phylogenetic affinities". Palaeoworld. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.10.004.
271. Mussini, G.; Smith, M. P.; Vinther, J.; Rahman, I. A.; Murdock, D. J. E.; Harper, D. A. T.; Dunn, F. S. (2024). "A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan". Current Biology. 34 (13): 2980–2989.e2. Bibcode:2024CBio...34.2980M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.026. PMID 38866005.
272. Łukowiak, M.; Mandic, O.; Omalecka, A.; Kallanxhi, M.-E.; Ćorić, S.; Grunert, P. (2024). "Illuminating the richness of the ascidian fossil record: a new exceptionally diverse assemblage of ascidian spicules from the Middle Miocene of Bosnia and Herzegovina". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (5). e1586. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1586L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1586.
273. Liu, J.; Chen, A.; Li, B.; Tang, F.; Zhao, J.; Chen, K. (2024). "Problematic Ediacaran sail-shaped fossils from eastern Yunnan, China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403588.
274. De Backer, T.; Day, J. E.; Emsbo, P.; McLaughlin, P. I.; Vandenbroucke, T. R. A. (2024). "Chitinozoan response to the 'Kellwasser events': population dynamics and morphological deformities across the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (3). e1557. Bibcode:2024PPal...10E1557D. doi:10.1002/spp2.1557. hdl:1854/LU-01HZS6E94V6S8PNM5JKDRR8HF0.
275. Camina, S.; Rubinstein, C. V.; Butcher, A.; Lovecchio, J. P. (2024). "Middle - Late Silurian and Early Devonian chitinozoans from the Chacoparaná Basin, Salta Province, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 61 (2): 93–117. doi:10.5710/AMGH.22.03.2024.3592.
276. Sashida, K.; Hong, P.; Ito, T.; Salyapongse, S.; Putthapiban, P. (2024). "Late Triassic (Late Early to Early Middle Norian) and Late Triassic or Early Jurassic Radiolarians from Limestone in the Tha Sao Area, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand: Low-Latitude Fauna in the Eastern Tethys". Paleontological Research. 28 (1): 37–67. doi:10.2517/PR220007.
277. Denezine, M.; Do Carmo, D. A.; Xiao, S.; Tang, Q.; Sergeev, V.; Mazoni, A. F.; Zabini, C. (2024). "Organic-walled microfossils from the Ediacaran Sete Lagoas Formation, Bambuí Group, Southeast Brazil: taxonomic and biostratigraphic analyses". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (2): 283–307. Bibcode:2024JPal...98..283D. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.83.
278. Camina, S. C; Rubinstein, C. V.; Butcher, A.; Muro, V. J. G.; Vergani, G.; Pereira, M. (2024). "A new chitinozoan assemblage from the Middle Devonian Los Monos Formation (sub-Andean basin, southern Bolivia) and its biozonal implications for Western Gondwana". PLOS ONE. 19 (4). e0297233. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1997233C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297233. PMC 11003639. PMID 38593119.
279. Shang, X.; Liu, P. (2024). "Taxonomic reviews for genera Megasphaera, Membranospinosphaera and Spinomargosphaera of the Ediacaran spheroidal acritarchs". Precambrian Research. 407. 107409. Bibcode:2024PreR..40707409S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107409.
280. Granier, B. R. C. (2024). "Octahedronoides tethysianus n.gen., n.sp., enigmatic clusters of microspheres at the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition". Carnets Geol. 24 (7): 127–133. doi:10.2110/carnets.2024.2407.
281. Dai, Q.-K.; Hua, H.; Luo, J.-Z.; Min, X.; Pan, X.-Q.; Liu, Z.-W.; Zhang, S.; Bai, L. (2024). "New Ediacaran tubular fossils from southern Shaanxi, China". Palaeoworld. 33 (6): 1464–1477. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.01.004.
282. Dernov, V. S.; Poletaev, V. I. (2024). "New geological and palaeontological data of the Dyakove Group (Carboniferous) and age-related rock formations of the central Donets Basin, Ukraine". Geologičnij žurnal. 2024 (1): 3–21. doi:10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2024.1.285644.
283. Kanaparthi, D.; Lampe, M.; Zhu, B.; Boesen, T.; Klingl, A.; Schwille, J.; Lueders, T. (2024). "On the nature of the earliest known life forms". eLife. 13. doi:10.7554/eLife.98637.
284. Demoulin, C. F.; Sforna, M. C.; Lara, Y. J.; Cornet, Y.; Somogyi, A.; Medjoubi, K.; Grolimund, D.; Sanchez, D. F.; Tachoueres, R. T.; Addad, A.; Fadel, A.; Compère, P.; Javaux, E. J. (2024). "Polysphaeroides filiformis, a Proterozoic cyanobacterial microfossil and implications for cyanobacteria evolution". iScience. 27 (2). 108865. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j8865D. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108865. PMC 10837632. PMID 38313056.
285. Demoulin, C. F.; Lara, Y. J.; Lambion, A.; Javaux, E. J. (2024). "Oldest thylakoids in fossil cells directly evidence oxygenic photosynthesis". Nature. 625 (7995): 529–534. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..529D. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06896-7. PMID 38172638.
286. Kolesnikov, A. V.; Pan'kova, V. A.; Pan'kov, V. N.; Desiatkin, V. D.; Latysheva, I. V.; Shatsillo, A. V.; Kuznetsov, N. B.; Romanyuk, T. V. (2024). "Chuariomorphs from the Upper Vendian Chernyi Kamen Formation of the Central Urals (Perm Krai)". Doklady Earth Sciences. 518 (2): 1717–1722. Bibcode:2024DokES.518.1717K. doi:10.1134/S1028334X24602542.
287. Palacios, T. (2024). "The oldest fossil record in the Iberian Peninsula; lower Ediacaran acritarchs of the Tentudía Formation, Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ), Southwest Iberian Massif". Journal of Iberian Geology. doi:10.1007/s41513-024-00266-6.
288. Min, X.; Hua, H.; Sun, B.; Dai, Q.; Luo, J. (2024). "Phosphatised calcified cyanobacteria at the terminal Ediacaran and the earliest Cambrian transition stage: Response to the paleoenvironment". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 638. 112057. Bibcode:2024PPP...63812057M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112057.
289. McMahon, S.; Loron, C. C.; Cooper, L. M.; Hetherington, A. J.; Krings, M. (2024). "Entophysalis in the Rhynie chert (Lower Devonian, Scotland): implications for cyanobacterial evolution". Geological Magazine. 160 (10): 1946–1952. doi:10.1017/S0016756824000049.
290. Miao, L.; Yin, Z.; Knoll, A. H.; Qu, Y.; Zhu, M. (2024). "1.63-billion-year-old multicellular eukaryotes from the Chuanlinggou Formation in North China". Science Advances. 10 (4): eadk3208. Bibcode:2024SciA...10K3208M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk3208. PMC 10807817. PMID 38266082.
291. Chen, K.; Yang, C.; Miao, L.; Zhao, F.; Zhu, M. (2024). "New SIMS U–Pb zircon age on the macroscopic multicellular eukaryotes from the early Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation, North China". Geological Magazine. 161: 1–5. Bibcode:2024GeoM..161E...2C. doi:10.1017/S0016756824000220.
292. Nielson, G. C.; Stüeken, E. E.; Prave, A. R. (2024). "Estuaries house Earth's oldest known non-marine eukaryotes". Precambrian Research. 401. 107278. Bibcode:2024PreR..40107278N. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2023.107278. hdl:10023/28949.
293. Porfirio-Sousa, A. L.; Tice, A. K.; Morais, L.; Ribeiro, G. M.; Blandenier, Q.; Dumack, K.; Eglit, Y.; Fry, N. W.; Souza, M. B. G. E.; Henderson, T. C.; Kleitz-Singleton, F.; Singer, D.; Brown, M. W.; Lahr, D. J. G. (2024). "Amoebozoan testate amoebae illuminate the diversity of heterotrophs and the complexity of ecosystems throughout geological time". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (30). e2319628121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12119628P. doi:10.1073/pnas.2319628121. PMC 11287125. PMID 39012821.
294. Feng, Y.; Song, H.; Song, H.; Wu, Y.; Li, X.; Tian, L.; Dong, S.; Lei, Y.; Clapham, M. E. (2024). "High extinction risk in large foraminifera during past and future mass extinctions". Science Advances. 10 (32): eadj8223. Bibcode:2024SciA...10J8223F. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj8223. PMC 11305383. PMID 39110795.
295. Swain, A.; Woodhouse, A.; Fagan, W. F.; Fraass, A. J.; Lowery, C. M. (2024). "Biogeographic response of marine plankton to Cenozoic environmental changes". Nature. 629 (8012): 616–623. Bibcode:2024Natur.629..616S. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07337-9. PMID 38632405.
296. Ying, R.; Monteiro, F. M.; Wilson, J. D.; Ödalen, M.; Schmidt, D. N. (2024). "Past foraminiferal acclimatization capacity is limited during future warming". Nature: 1–5. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08029-0. PMID 39537916.
297. Surprenant, R. L.; Droser, M. L. (2024). "New insight into the global record of the Ediacaran tubular morphotype: a common solution to early multicellularity". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (3). 231313. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131313S. doi:10.1098/rsos.231313. PMC 10951727. PMID 38511078.
298. Schiffbauer, J. D.; Wong, C.; David, C.; Selly, T.; Nelson, L. L.; Pruss, S. B. (2024). "Reassessing the diversity, affinity, and construction of terminal Ediacaran tubiform fossils from the La Ciénega Formation, Sonora, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (2): 266–282. Bibcode:2024JPal...98..266S. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.56.
299. Sun, W.; Yin, Z.; Liu, P.; Zhu, M.; Donoghue, P. (2024). "Developmental biology of Spiralicellula and the Ediacaran origin of crown metazoans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2023). 20240101. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.0101. PMC 11286131. PMID 38808442.
300. Moody, E. R. R.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Mahendrarajah, T. A.; Clark, J. W.; Betts, H. C.; Dombrowski, N.; Szánthó, L. L.; Boyle, R. A.; Daines, S.; Chen, X.; Lane, N.; Yang, Z.; Shields, G. A.; Szöllősi, G. J.; Spang, A.; Pisani, D.; Williams, T. A.; Lenton, T. M.; Donoghue, P. C. J. (2024). "The nature of the last universal common ancestor and its impact on the early Earth system". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 8 (9): 1654–1666. Bibcode:2024NatEE...8.1654M. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02461-1. PMC 11383801. PMID 38997462.
301. Kaiho, K.; Shizuya, A.; Kikuchi, M.; Komiya, T.; Chen, Z.-Q.; Tong, J.; Tian, L.; Gorjan, P.; Takahashi, S.; Baud, A.; Grasby, S. E.; Saito, R.; Saltzman, M. R. (2024). "Oxygen increase and the pacing of early animal evolution". Global and Planetary Change. 233. 104364. Bibcode:2024GPC...23304364K. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104364.
302. Crockett, W. W.; Shaw, J. O.; Simpson, C.; Kempes, C. P. (2024). "Physical constraints during Snowball Earth drive the evolution of multicellularity". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2025). 20232767. doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2767. PMC 11271684. PMID 38924758.
303. Carlisle, E.; Yin, Z.; Pisani, D.; Donoghue, P. C. J. (2024). "Ediacaran origin and Ediacaran-Cambrian diversification of Metazoa". Science Advances. 10 (46). eadp7161. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adp7161. PMC 11559618. PMID 39536100.
304. Bowyer, F. T.; Wood, R. A.; Yilales, M. (2024). "Sea level controls on Ediacaran-Cambrian animal radiations". Science Advances. 10 (31): eado6462. Bibcode:2024SciA...10O6462B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado6462. PMC 11290527. PMID 39083611.
305. Gutarra, S.; Mitchell, E. G.; Dunn, F. S.; Gibson, B. M.; Racicot, R. A.; Darroch, S. A. F.; Rahman, I. A. (2024). "Ediacaran marine animal forests and the ventilation of the oceans". Current Biology. 34 (11): 2528–2534.e3. Bibcode:2024CBio...34.2528G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.059. PMID 38761801.
306. Clarke, A. J. I.; Kirkland, C. L.; Menon, L. R.; Condon, D. J.; Cope, J. C. W.; Bevins, R. E.; Glorie, S. (2024). "U–Pb zircon–rutile dating of the Llangynog Inlier, Wales: constraints on an Ediacaran shallow-marine fossil assemblage from East Avalonia". Journal of the Geological Society. 181 (1). Bibcode:2024JGSoc.181...81C. doi:10.1144/jgs2023-081.
307. Dai, Q.; Hua, H.; Luo, J.; Min, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, S.; Gong, M.; Bai, L. (2024). "A new silicified microfossil assemblage from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in South Shaanxi, China". Precambrian Research. 403. 107308. Bibcode:2024PreR..40307308D. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107308.
308. Wilson, C. J.; Reitan, T.; Liow, L. H. (2024). "Unveiling the underlying drivers of Phanerozoic marine diversification". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2025). 20240165. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.0165. PMC 11285786. PMID 38889777.
309. Cribb, A. T.; Darroch, S. A. F. (2024). "How to engineer a habitable planet: the rise of marine ecosystem engineers through the Phanerozoic". Palaeontology. 67 (5). e12726. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712726C. doi:10.1111/pala.12726.
310. Cui, L.; Liu, W.; Li, J.; Zhang, X. (2024). "Cyanobacterial and fungi-like microbial fossils from the earliest Cambrian phosphorite of South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 649. 112339. Bibcode:2024PPP...64912339C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112339.
311. Wei, K.; Cao, H.; Chen, F.; Wang, Z.; An, Z.; Huang, H.; Chen, C. (2024). "Fluctuation in redox conditions and the evolution of early Cambrian life constrained by nitrogen isotopes in the middle Yangtze Block, South China". Geological Magazine. 160 (10): 1932–1945. doi:10.1017/S0016756823000833.
312. Slater, B. J. (2024). "Life in the Cambrian shallows: Exceptionally preserved arthropod and mollusk microfossils from the early Cambrian of Sweden". Geology. 52 (4): 256–260. Bibcode:2024Geo....52..256S. doi:10.1130/G51829.1.
313. Gaines, R. R.; García-Bellido, D. C.; Jago, J. B.; Myrow, P. M.; Paterson, J. R. (2024). "The Emu Bay Shale: A unique early Cambrian Lagerstätte from a tectonically active basin". Science Advances. 10 (30): eadp2650. Bibcode:2024SciA...10P2650G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adp2650. PMC 11277394. PMID 39058778.
314. Myrow, P. M.; Goodge, J. W.; Brock, G. A.; Betts, M. J.; Park, T.-Y. S.; Hughes, N. C.; Gaines, R. R. (2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13): eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
315. Malanoski, C. M.; Farnsworth, A.; Lunt, D. J.; Valdes, P. J.; Saupe, E. E. (2024). "Climate change is an important predictor of extinction risk on macroevolutionary timescales". Science. 383 (6687): 1130–1134. Bibcode:2024Sci...383.1130M. doi:10.1126/science.adj5763. PMID 38452067.
316. Saleh, F.; Lustri, L.; Gueriau, P.; Potin, G. J.-M.; Pérez-Peris, F.; Laibl, L.; Jamart, V.; Vite, A.; Antcliffe, J. B.; Daley, A. C.; Nohejlová, M.; Dupichaud, C.; Schöder, S.; Bérard, E.; Lynch, S.; Drage, H. B.; Vaucher, R.; Vidal, M.; Monceret, E.; Monceret, S.; Lefebvre, B. (2024). "The Cabrières Biota (France) provides insights into Ordovician polar ecosystems". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 8 (4): 651–662. Bibcode:2024NatEE...8..651S. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02331-w. PMC 11009115. PMID 38337049.
317. Muir, L. A.; Botting, J. P. (2024). "The Cabrières Biota is not a Konservat-Lagerstätte". Nature Ecology & Evolution: 1–3. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02559-6. PMID 39394522.
318. Saleh, F.; Lustri, L.; Gueriau, P.; Potin, G. J.-M.; Pérez-Peris, F.; Laibl, L.; Jamart, V.; Vite, A.; Antcliffe, J. B.; Daley, A. C.; Nohejlová, M.; Dupichaud, C.; Schöder, S.; Bérard, E.; Lynch, S.; Drage, H. B.; Vaucher, R.; Vidal, M.; Monceret, E.; Monceret, S.; Kundura, J.-P.; Kundura, M.-H.; Gougeon, R.; Lefebvre, B. (2024). "Reply to: The Cabrières Biota is not a Konservat-Lagerstätte". Nature Ecology & Evolution: 1–4. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02560-z. PMID 39394521.
319. Young, G. C. (2024). "Relative age of the Devonian tetrapod Metaxygnathus, based on the associated fossil fish assemblage at Jemalong, New South Wales". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 48 (2): 278–297. Bibcode:2024Alch...48..278Y. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2327039.
320. Knecht, R. J.; Benner, J. S.; Swain, A.; Azevedo-Schmidt, L.; Cleal, C. J.; Labandeira, C. C.; Engel, M. S.; Dunlop, J. A.; Selden, S. A.; Eble, C. F.; Renczkowski, M. D.; Wheeler, D. A.; Funderburk, M. M.; Emma, S. L.; Knoll, A. H.; Pierce, N. E. (2024). "Early Pennsylvanian Lagerstätte reveals a diverse ecosystem on a subhumid, alluvial fan". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 7876. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.7876K. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52181-0. PMC 11383953. PMID 39251605.
321. Faure-Brac, M. G.; Woodward, H. N.; Aubier, P.; Cubo, J. (2024). "On the origins of endothermy in amniotes". iScience. 27 (4). 109375. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j9375F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109375. PMC 10966186. PMID 38544566.
322. Huttenlocker, A. K.; Douglass, R.; Lungmus, J. K.; Oliver, K.; Pardo, J. D.; Small, B. J. (2024). "Report of a Diverse Vertebrate Body Fossil Assemblage in the Maroon Formation (Carboniferous–Permian), Eagle County, Colorado, U.S.A.". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 90 (2): 139–160. doi:10.2992/007.090.0204.
323. Wu, Q.; Zhang, H.; Ramezani, J.; Zhang, F.-F.; Erwin, D. H.; Feng, Z.; Shao, L.-Y.; Cai, Y.-F.; Zhang, S.-H.; Xu, Y.-G.; Shen, S.-Z. (2024). "The terrestrial end-Permian mass extinction in the paleotropics postdates the marine extinction". Science Advances. 10 (5): eadi7284. Bibcode:2024SciA...10I7284W. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi7284. PMC 10830061. PMID 38295161.
324. He, W.; Weldon, E. A.; Yang, T.; Wang, H.; Xiao, Y.; Zhang, K.; Peng, X.; Feng, Q. (2024). "An end-Permian two-stage extinction pattern in the deep-water Dongpan Section, and its relationship to the migration and vertical expansion of the oxygen minimum zone in the South China Basin". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 649. 112307. Bibcode:2024PPP...64912307H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112307.
325. Song, H.; Wu, Y.; Dai, X.; Dal Corso, J.; Wang, F.; Feng, Y.; Chu, D.; Tian, L.; Song, H.; Foster, W. J. (2024). "Respiratory protein-driven selectivity during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction". The Innovation. 5 (3). 100618. Bibcode:2024Innov...500618S. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100618. PMC 11025005. PMID 38638583.
326. Liu, X.; Song, H.; Chu, D.; Dai, X.; Wang, F.; Silvestro, D. (2024). "Heterogeneous selectivity and morphological evolution of marine clades during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 8 (7): 1248–1258. Bibcode:2024NatEE...8.1248L. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02438-0. PMID 38862784.
327. Zhou, C.Y.; Zhang, Q.Y.; Wen, W.; Huang, J.Y.; Hu, S.X.; Liu, W.; Min, X.; Ma, Z.X.; Wen, Q.Q. (2024). "A new Early Triassic fossil Lagerstätte from Wangmo, Guizhou Province". Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology. 44 (1): 1–8. doi:10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2022.06011.
328. Leu, M.; Schneebeli-Hermann, E.; Hammer, Ø.; Lindemann, F.-J.; Bucher, H. (2024). "Spatiotemporal dynamics of nektonic biodiversity and vegetation shifts during the Smithian–Spathian transition: conodont and palynomorph insights from Svalbard". Lethaia. 57 (2): 1–19. doi:10.18261/let.57.2.3.
329. Shishkin, M. A.; Novikov, I. V.; Sennikov, A. G.; Golubev, V. K.; Morkovin, B. I. (2024). "Triassic Tetrapods of Russia". Paleontological Journal. 57 (12): 1353–1539. Bibcode:2024PalJ...57.1353S. doi:10.1134/S0031030123120067.
330. Klein, H.; Lucas, S. G.; Lallensack, J. N.; Marchetti, L. (2024). "Peabody's legacy: the Moenkopi Formation (Middle Triassic, Anisian) tetrapod ichnofauna—updates from an extensive new tracksite in NE Arizona, USA". PalZ. 98 (2): 357–389. Bibcode:2024PalZ...98..357K. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00680-8.
331. Simms, M. J.; Drost, K. (2024). "Caves, dinosaurs and the Carnian Pluvial Episode: Recalibrating Britain's Triassic bone 'fissures'". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 638. 112041. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112041.
332. Campo, M. L.; Silva, F. O.; Paes Neto, V. D.; Ferigolo, J.; Ribeiro, A. M. (2024). "Overview on the tetrapods from Faixa Nova-Cerrito I site (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone), Upper Triassic of southernmost Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–19. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2344791.
333. Curry Rogers, K.; Martínez, R. N.; Colombi, C.; Rogers, R. R.; Alcober, O. (2024). "Osteohistological insight into the growth dynamics of early dinosaurs and their contemporaries". PLOS ONE. 19 (4). e0298242. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1998242C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298242. PMC 10990230. PMID 38568908.
334. Kropf, A. K.; Jäger, M.; Hautmann, M. (2024). "Benthic marine palaeoecology and recovery from the end-Triassic mass extinction in the Hettangian and Sinemurian (Early Jurassic) of southern Germany". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2024/1213.
335. Dunhill, A. M.; Zarzyczny, K.; Shaw, J. O.; Atkinson, J. W.; Little, C. T. S.; Beckerman, A. P. (2024). "Extinction cascades, community collapse, and recovery across a Mesozoic hyperthermal event". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 8599. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.8599D. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53000-2. PMC 11452722. PMID 39366971.
336. Serafini, G.; Danise, S.; Maxwell, E. E.; Martire, L.; Amalfitano, J.; Cobianchi, M.; Thun Hohenstein, U.; Giusberti, L. (2024). "Of his bones are crinoid made: taphonomy and deadfall ecology of marine reptiles from a pelagic setting (Middle-Upper Jurassic of northeastern Italy)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 130 (1): 97–128. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/22314. hdl:11577/3511241.
337. Maidment, S. C. R. (2024). "Diversity through time and space in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, western U.S.A.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (5). e2326027. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2326027.
338. Aouraghe, H.; Chennouf, R.; Haddoumi, H.; Lasseron, M.; Mhamdi, H.; Gheerbrant, E.; Martin, J. E. (2024). "A new Gondwanan perspective on the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition from the Tithonian-Berriasian interval of southeastern Morocco". Cretaceous Research. 162. 105932. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16205932A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105932.
339. Blake, L.; Fursman, M.; Duffin, C. J.; Batchelor, T.; Hildebrandt, C.; Benton, M. J. (2024). "Microvertebrates from the Lower Greensand Group (Lower Cretaceous) of Clophill, Bedfordshire, UK, and Nutfield, Surrey, UK". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 135 (5): 493–517. Bibcode:2024PrGA..135..493B. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2024.07.002.
340. Sun, F.; Luo, G.; Pancost, R. D.; Dong, Z.; Li, Z.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z.-Q.; Xie, S. (2024). "Methane fueled lake pelagic food webs in a Cretaceous greenhouse world". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (44). e2411413121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2411413121. PMC 11536134. PMID 39432787.
341. Oligmueller, A. R.; Hasiotis, S. T. (2024). "An ichnotaxonomic assessment of the Cretaceous Dakota Group, Front Range, Colorado, USA, and its comparison to other Western interior seaway deposits". Paleontological Contributions. 23 (23): 1–87. doi:10.17161/pc.vi23.22542.
342. Bălc, R.; Bindiu-Haitonic, R.; Kövecsi, S.-A.; Vremir, M.; Ducea, M.; Csiki-Sava, Z.; Tabără, D.; Vasile, Ș. (2024). "Integrated biostratigraphy of Upper cretaceous deposits from an exceptional continental vertebrate-bearing marine section (Transylvanian Basin, Romania) provides new constraints on the advent of 'dwarf dinosaur' faunas in Eastern Europe". Marine Micropaleontology. 187. 102328. Bibcode:2024MarMP.18702328B. doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102328.
343. Wilson, L. N.; Gardner, J. D.; Wilson, J. P.; Farnsworth, A.; Perry, Z. R.; Druckenmiller, P. S.; Erickson, G. M.; Organ, C. L. (2024). "Global latitudinal gradients and the evolution of body size in dinosaurs and mammals". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 2864. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.2864W. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46843-2. PMC 10997647. PMID 38580657.
344. Sarr, R.; Hill, R. V.; Jenkins, X. A.; Tapanila, L.; O'Leary, M. A. (2024). "A composite section of fossiliferous Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene localities in Senegal and preliminary description of a new late Maastrichtian vertebrate fossil assemblage". American Museum Novitates (4013): 1–31. doi:10.1206/4013.1. hdl:2246/7357.
345. Otero, R. A. (2024). "Review of two marine vertebrate assemblages from the Arauco Basin (central Chile) reveals diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian". Cretaceous Research. 166. 105996. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105996.
346. Boles, Z. M.; Ullmann, P. V.; Putnam, I.; Ford, M.; Deckhut, J. T. (2024). "New vertebrate microfossils expand the diversity of the chondrichthyan and actinopterygian fauna of the Maastrichtian–Danian Hornerstown Formation in New Jersey". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 69 (2): 173–198. doi:10.4202/app.01117.2023.
347. Martinuš, M.; Cvetko Tešović, B.; Jurić, S.; Vlahović, I. (2024). "Patch reefs with scleractinian corals and layered domical and bulbous growth forms (calcified sponges?) in the upper Maastrichtian and lowermost Palaeocene platform carbonates, Adriatic islands of Brač and Hvar (Croatia)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 639. 112056. Bibcode:2024PPP...63912056M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112056.
348. Tian, S. Y.; Yasuhara, M.; Condamine, F. L.; Huang, H.-H. M.; Fernando, A. G. S.; Aguilar, Y. M.; Pandita, H.; Irizuki, T.; Iwatani, H.; Shin, C. P.; Renema, W.; Kase, T. (2024). "Cenozoic history of the tropical marine biodiversity hotspot". Nature. 632 (8024): 343–349. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07617-4. PMC 11306107. PMID 38926582.
349. Brandoni, D.; Schmidt, G. I.; Bona, P.; Tarquini, J.; Vlachos, E.; Noriega, J. I. (2024). "New vertebrates from the Ituzaingó Formation (Late Miocene of Entre Ríos Province, Argentina), including first records of Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Anura) and Chelonoidis (Testudines, Cryptodira)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–12. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2379039.
350. Strömberg, C. A. E.; Saylor, B. Z.; Engelman, R. K.; Catena, A. M.; Hembree, D. I.; Anaya, F.; Croft, D. A. (2024). "The flora, fauna, and paleoenvironment of the late Middle Miocene Quebrada Honda Basin, Bolivia (Eastern Cordillera, Central Andes)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 656. 112518. Bibcode:2024PPP...65612518S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112518.
351. Naksri, W.; Nishioka, Y.; Duangkrayom, J.; Métais, G.; Handa, N.; Jintasakul, P.; Martin, J. E.; Sila, S.; Sukdi, W.; Suasamong, K.; Tong, H.; Claude, J. (2024). "A new Miocene and Pleistocene continental locality from Nakhon Ratchasima in Northeastern Thailand and its importance for vertebrate biogeography". Annales de Paléontologie. 109 (4). 102659. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102659.
352. Agiadi, K.; Hohmann, N.; Gliozzi, E.; Thivaiou, D.; Bosellini, F. R.; Taviani, M.; Bianucci, G.; Collareta, A.; Londeix, L.; Faranda, C.; Bulian, F.; Koskeridou, E.; Lozar, F.; Mancini, A. M.; Dominici, S.; Moissette, P.; Bajo Campos, I.; Borghi, E.; Iliopoulos, G.; Antonarakou, A.; Kontakiotis, G.; Besiou, E.; Zarkogiannis, S. D.; Harzhauser, M.; Sierro, F. J.; Coll, M.; Vasiliev, I.; Camerlenghi, A.; García-Castellanos, D. (2024). "Late Miocene transformation of Mediterranean Sea biodiversity". Science Advances. 10 (39): eadp1134. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adp1134. PMC 11423897. PMID 39321301.
353. Agiadi, K.; Hohmann, N.; Gliozzi, E.; Thivaiou, D.; Bosellini, F. R.; Taviani, M.; Bianucci, G.; Collareta, A.; Londeix, L.; Faranda, C.; Bulian, F.; Koskeridou, E.; Lozar, F.; Mancini, A. M.; Dominici, S.; Moissette, P.; Bajo Campos, I.; Borghi, E.; Iliopoulos, G.; Antonarakou, A.; Kontakiotis, G.; Besiou, E.; Zarkogiannis, S. D.; Harzhauser, M.; Sierro, F. J.; Coll, M.; Vasiliev, I.; Camerlenghi, A.; García-Castellanos, D. (2024). "The marine biodiversity impact of the Late Miocene Mediterranean salinity crisis". Science. 385 (6712): 986–991. Bibcode:2024Sci...385..986A. doi:10.1126/science.adp3703. PMID 39208105.
354. Tattersfield, P.; Rowson, B.; Ngereza, C. F.; Harrison, T. (2024). "Laetoli, Tanzania: Extant terrestrial mollusc faunas shed new light on climate and palaeoecology at a Pliocene hominin site". PLOS ONE. 19 (5). e0302435. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1902435T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302435. PMC 11098377. PMID 38753816.
355. Ramírez-Pedraza, I.; Tornero, C.; Aouraghe, H.; Rivals, F.; Patalano, R.; Haddoumi, H.; Expósito, I.; Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A.; Mischke, S.; van der Made, J.; Piñero, P.; Blain, H.-A.; Roberts, P.; Jha, D. K.; Agustí, J.; Sánchez-Bandera, C.; Lemjidi, A.; Benito-Calvo, A.; Moreno-Ribas, E.; Oujaa, A.; Mhamdi, H.; Souhir, M.; Aissa, A. M.; Chacón, M. G.; Sala-Ramos, R. (2024). "Arid, mosaic environments during the Plio-Pleistocene transition and early hominin dispersals in northern Africa". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 8393. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.8393R. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52672-0. PMC 11452666. PMID 39366927.
356. Kemp, M. E. (2024). "Assembly, Persistence, and Disassembly Dynamics of Quaternary Caribbean Frugivore Communities". The American Naturalist. 204 (4): 400–415. doi:10.1086/731994. PMID 39326059.
357. Antoine, P.-O.; Wieringa, L. N.; Adnet, S.; Aguilera, O.; Bodin, S. C.; Cairns, S.; Conejeros-Vargas, C. A.; Cornée, J.-J.; Ežerinskis, Ž.; Fietzke, J.; Gribenski, N. O.; Grouard, S.; Hendy, A.; Hoorn, C.; Joannes-Boyau, R.; Langer, M. R.; Luque, J.; Marivaux, L.; Moissette, P.; Nooren, K.; Quillévéré, F.; Šapolaitė, J.; Sciumbata, M.; Valla, P. G.; Witteveen, N. H.; Casanova, A.; Clavier, S.; Bidgrain, P.; Gallay, M.; Rhoné, M.; Heuret, A. (2024). "A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (14). e2311597121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12111597A. doi:10.1073/pnas.2311597121. PMC 10998618. PMID 38527199.
358. Drabon, N.; Knoll, A. H.; Lowe, D. R.; Bernasconi, S. M.; Brenner, A. R.; Mucciarone, D. A. (2024). "Effect of a giant meteorite impact on Paleoarchean surface environments and life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (44). e2408721121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2408721121. PMC 11536127. PMID 39432780.
359. Pellerin, A.; Thomazo, C.; Ader, M.; Rossignol, C.; Rego, E. S.; Busigny, V.; Philippot, P. (2024). "Neoarchaean oxygen-based nitrogen cycle en route to the Great Oxidation Event". Nature. 633 (8029): 365–370. Bibcode:2024Natur.633..365P. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07842-x. PMID 39169192.
360. Chi Fru, E.; Aubineau, J.; Bankole, O.; Ghnahalla, M.; Soh Tamehe, L.; El Albani, A. (2024). "Hydrothermal seawater eutrophication triggered local macrobiological experimentation in the 2100 Ma Paleoproterozoic Francevillian sub-basin". Precambrian Research. 409. 107453. Bibcode:2024PreR..40907453C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107453.
361. Stockey, R. G.; Cole, D. B.; Farrell, U. C.; Agić, H.; Boag, T. H.; Brocks, J. J.; Canfield, D. E.; Cheng, M.; Crockford, P. W.; Cui, H.; Dahl, T. W.; Del Mouro, L.; Dewing, K.; Dornbos, S. Q.; Emmings, J. F.; Gaines, R. R.; Gibson, T. M.; Gill, B. C.; Gilleaudeau, G. J.; Goldberg, K.; Guilbaud, R.; Halverson, G.; Hammarlund, E. U.; Hantsoo, K.; Henderson, M. A.; Henderson, C. M.; Hodgskiss, M. S. W.; Jarrett, A. J. M.; Johnston, D. T.; Kabanov, P.; Kimmig, J.; Knoll, A. H.; Kunzmann, M.; LeRoy, M. A.; Li, C.; Loydell, D. K.; Macdonald, F. A.; Magnall, J. M.; Mills, N. T.; Och, L. M.; O'Connell, B.; Pagès, A.; Peters, S. E.; Porter, S. M.; Poulton, S. W.; Ritzer, S. R.; Rooney, A. D.; Schoepfer, S.; Smith, E. F.; Strauss, J. V.; Uhlein, G. J.; White, T.; Wood, R. A.; Woltz, C. R.; Yurchenko, I.; Planavsky, N. J.; Sperling, E. A. (2024). "Sustained increases in atmospheric oxygen and marine productivity in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic eras". Nature Geoscience. 17 (7): 667–674. Bibcode:2024NatGe..17..667S. doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01479-1.
362. Huang, W.; Tarduno, J. A.; Zhou, T.; Ibañez-Mejia, M.; Dal Olmo-Barbosa, L.; Koester, E.; Blackman, E. G.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ahrendt, G.; Cottrell, R. D.; Kodama, K. P.; Bono, R. K.; Sibeck, D. G.; Li, Y.-X.; Nimmo, F.; Xiao, S.; Watkeys, M. K. (2024). "Near-collapse of the geomagnetic field may have contributed to atmospheric oxygenation and animal radiation in the Ediacaran Period". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1). 207. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..207H. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01360-4.
363. Becker Kerber, B.; Prado, G. M. E. M.; Archilha, N. L.; Warren, L. V.; Simões, M. G.; Lino, L. M.; Quiroz-Valle, F. R.; Mouro, L. D.; El Albani, A.; Mazurier, A.; Paim, P. S. G.; Chemale, F.; Zucatti da Rosa, A. L.; de Barros, G. E. B.; El Kabouri, J.; Basei, M. A. S. (2024). "Ediacaran tectographs from the Itajaí Basin: A cautionary tale from the Precambrian". Precambrian Research. 403. 107307. Bibcode:2024PreR..40307307B. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107307.
364. Lei, X.; Cong, P.; Zhang, S.; Wei, F.; Anderson, R. P. (2024). "Unveiling an ignored taphonomic window in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota". Geology. 52 (10): 753–758. Bibcode:2024Geo....52..753L. doi:10.1130/G52215.1.
365. Saleh, F.; Antcliffe, J. B.; Birolini, E.; Candela, Y.; Corthésy, N.; Daley, A. C.; Dupichaud, C.; Gibert, C.; Guenser, P.; Laibl, L.; Lefebvre, B.; Michel, S.; Potin, G. J.-M. (2024). "Highly resolved taphonomic variations within the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 20807. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1420807S. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-71622-w. PMC 11379804. PMID 39242693.
366. Smelror, M.; Grenne, T.; Bøe, R.; Gasser, D.; Solbakk, T. (2024). "Cryophilic polychaetes at the subtropical Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean: Evidence for cold-water ocean circulation and upwelling". Geology. doi:10.1130/G52533.1.
367. Jacobs, G. S.; Jacquet, S. M.; Selly, T.; Schiffbauer, J. D.; Huntley, J. W. (2024). "Resolving taphonomic and preparation biases in silicified faunas through paired acid residues and X-ray microscopy". PeerJ. 12. e16767. doi:10.7717/peerj.16767. PMC 10838534. PMID 38313011.
368. Dernov, V. (2024). "Re-evaluation of Rugoinfractus ovruchensis Paliy, 1974 from the Devonian Tovkachi Formation (Ovruch Syncline, Ukraine) as desiccation cracks, not a trace fossil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 311 (2): 205–213. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2024/1194.
369. Stacey, J.; Wallace, M. W.; Hood, A. v.S.; Shuster, A. M.; Corlett, H.; Reed, C. P.; Moynihan, C. (2024). "Ocean oxygenation and ecological restructuring caused by the late Paleozoic evolution of land plants". Geology. doi:10.1130/G52502.1.
370. Lestari, W.; Al-Suwaidi, A.; Fox, C. P.; Vajda, V.; Hennhoefer, D. (2024). "Carbon cycle perturbations and environmental change of the middle Permian and Late Triassic Paleo-Antarctic circle". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 9742. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14.9742L. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60088-5. PMC 11056376. PMID 38679621.
371. Huang, H.; Deng, C.; Grasby, S. E.; Cawood, P. A.; Hou, M.; Yang, C.; Feng, M.; Xiong, F.; Zhong, H.; Yin, R. (2024). "Mercury evidence of Emeishan volcanism driving the mid-Capitanian (Middle Permian) extinction". GSA Bulletin. doi:10.1130/B37796.1.
372. Li, R.; Shen, S.-Z.; Xia, X.-P.; Xiao, B.; Feng, Y.; Chen, H. (2024). "Atmospheric ozone destruction and the end-Permian crisis: Evidence from multiple sulfur isotopes". Chemical Geology. 647. 121936. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.121936.
373. Chu, D.; Song, H.; Dal Corso, J.; Winguth, A. M. E.; Gautam, M. D.; Wignall, P. B.; Grasby, S. E.; Shu, W.; Song, H.; Song, H.; Tian, L.; Wu, Y.; Tong, J. (2024). "Diachronous end-Permian terrestrial crises in North and South China". Geology. doi:10.1130/G52655.1.
374. Sun, Y.; Farnsworth, A.; Joachimski, M. M.; Wignall, P. B.; Krystyn, L.; Bond, D. P. G.; Ravidà, D. C. G.; Valdes, P. J. (2024). "Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction". Science. 385 (6714): 1189–1195. Bibcode:2024Sci...385.1189S. doi:10.1126/science.ado2030. PMID 39265011.
375. Li, X.; Hu, S.; Hu, Y.; Cai, W.; Jin, Y.; Lu, Z.; Guo, J.; Lan, J.; Lin, Q.; Yuan, S.; Zhang, J.; Wei, Q.; Liu, Y.; Yang, J.; Nie, J. (2024). "Persistently active El Niño–Southern Oscillation since the Mesozoic". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (45). e2404758121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2404758121. PMC 11551443. PMID 39432766.
376. Wang, Y.; Kuang, H.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, F.; Peng, N.; Chen, X.; Qi, K.; Li, J.; Dong, G.; Li, S.; Li, Y. (2024). "Enhanced global terrestrial moisture from the Early Triassic to the Late Triassic: Evidence from extensive Neocalamites forests in North China". GSA Bulletin. doi:10.1130/B37522.1.
377. Lukeneder, A.; Lukeneder, P.; Sachsenhofer, R. F.; Roghi, G.; Rigo, M. (2024). "Multi-proxy record of the Austrian Upper Triassic Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte in light of the Carnian Pluvial Episode". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 11194. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1411194L. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60591-9. PMC 11109357. PMID 38773130.
378. Rigo, M.; Jin, X.; Godfrey, L.; Katz, M. E.; Sato, H.; Tomimatsu, Y.; Zaffani, M.; Maron, M.; Satolli, S.; Concheri, G.; Cardinali, A.; Wu, Q.; Du, Y.; Lei, J. Z. X.; van Wieren, C. S.; Tackett, L. S.; Campbell, H.; Bertinelli, A.; Onoue, T. (2024). "Unveiling a new oceanic anoxic event at the Norian/Rhaetian boundary (Late Triassic)". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 15574. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1415574R. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66343-z. PMC 11227520. PMID 38971867.
379. Kent, D. V.; Olsen, P. E.; Wang, H.; Schaller, M. F.; Et-Touhami, M. (2024). "Correlation of sub-centennial-scale pulses of initial Central Atlantic Magmatic Province lavas and the end-Triassic extinctions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (46). e2415486121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2415486121. PMID 39467154.
380. Bos, R.; Zheng, W.; Lindström, S.; Sanei, H.; Waajen, I.; Fendley, I. M.; Mather, T. A.; Wang, Y.; Rohovec, J.; Navrátil, T.; Sluijs, A.; van de Schootbrugge, B. (2024). "Climate-forced Hg-remobilization associated with fern mutagenesis in the aftermath of the end-Triassic extinction". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 3596. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.3596B. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47922-0. PMC 11519498. PMID 38678037.
381. Remírez, M. N.; Gilleaudeau, G. J.; Gan, T.; Kipp, M. A.; Tissot, F. L. H.; Kaufman, A. J.; Parente, M. (2024). "Carbonate uranium isotopes record global expansion of marine anoxia during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (27). e2406032121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12106032R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2406032121. PMC 11228476. PMID 38913904.
382. Song, S.; Teng, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, H.; Zheng, D. (2024). "Calibrating the Jehol Biota in the Baiwan Basin of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt, central China". Cretaceous Research. 164. 105972. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16405972S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105972.
383. Rangel, C. C.; Francischini, H.; Alessandretti, L.; Warren, L. V.; Christofoletti, B.; Sedorko, D. (2024). "Vertebrate paleoburrow as a seasonality indicator in Early Cretaceous Três Barras Formation (Brazil)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 149. 105183. Bibcode:2024JSAES.14905183R. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105183.
384. Fauth, G.; Strohschoen, O.; Baecker-Fauth, S.; Luft-Souza, F.; Santos Filho, M. A. B.; Santos, A.; Bruno, M. D. R.; Mescolotti, P.; Krahl, G.; Arai, M.; Oliveira Lima, F. H.; Assine, M. L. (2024). "Multiple short-lived marine incursions into the interior of Southwest Gondwana during the Aptian". Marine Micropaleontology. 191. 102389. Bibcode:2024MarMP.19102389F. doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2024.102389.
385. Jacobs, L. L.; Flynn, L. J.; Scotese, C. R.; Vineyard, D. P.; Carvalho, I. S. (2024). "The Early Cretaceous Borborema-Cameroon Dinosaur Dispersal Corridor". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 95: 199–212.
386. MacLennan, S. A.; Sha, J.; Olsen, P. E.; Kinney, S. T.; Chang, C.; Fang, Y.; Liu, J.; Slibeck, B. B.; Chen, E.; Schoene, B. (2024). "Extremely rapid, yet noncatastrophic, preservation of the flattened-feathered and 3D dinosaurs of the Early Cretaceous of China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (47). e2322875121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2322875121. PMID 39495941.
387. Woolley, C. H.; Bottjer, D. J.; Corsetti, F. A.; Smith, N. D. (2024). "Quantifying the effects of exceptional fossil preservation on the global availability of phylogenetic data in deep time". PLOS ONE. 19 (2). e0297637. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1997637W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297637. PMC 10866489. PMID 38354167.
388. Almeida, R. P.; Althaus, C. E.; Janikian, L.; Gomes, P. V. O.; Figueiredo, F. T.; Sawakuchi, A. O.; Freitas, B. T.; Silva, L. H. G. (2024). "Reappraisal of the Cretaceous and Paleogene paleogeography of eastern Amazonia based on systematic paleocurrent measurements". Cretaceous Research. 163. 105948. Bibcode:2024CrRes.16305948A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105948.
389. Eberth, D. A. (2024). "Stratigraphic architecture of the Belly River Group (Campanian, Cretaceous) in the plains of southern Alberta: Revisions and updates to an existing model and implications for correlating dinosaur-rich strata". PLOS ONE. 19 (1). e0292318. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1992318E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292318. PMC 10810474. PMID 38271406.
390. Rao, Z. C.; Lueders-Dumont, J. A.; Stringer, G. L.; Ryu, Y.; Zhao, K.; Myneni, S. C.; Oleynik, S.; Haug, G. H.; Martinez-Garcia, A.; Sigman, D. M. (2024). "A nitrogen isotopic shift in fish otolith–bound organic matter during the Late Cretaceous". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (32). e2322863121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12122863R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2322863121. PMC 11317583. PMID 39074276.
391. Wostbrock, J. A. G.; Witts, J. D.; Gao, Y.; Peshek, C.; Myers, C. E.; Henkes, G.; Sharp, Z. D. (2024). "Reconstructing paleoenvironments of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA, using paired triple oxygen and carbonate clumped isotope measurements". GSA Bulletin. doi:10.1130/B37543.1.
392. Nicholson, U.; Powell, W.; Gulick, S.; Kenkmann, T.; Bray, V. J.; Duarte, D.; Collins, G. S. (2024). "3D anatomy of the Cretaceous–Paleogene age Nadir Crater". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1). 547. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..547N. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01700-4.
393. Fischer-Gödde, M.; Tusch, J.; Goderis, S.; Bragagni, A.; Mohr-Westheide, T.; Messling, N.; Elfers, B.-M.; Schmitz, B.; Reimold, W. U.; Maier, W. D.; Claeys, P.; Koeberl, C.; Tissot, F. L. H.; Bizzarro, M.; Münker, C. (2024). "Ruthenium isotopes show the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid". Science. 385 (6710): 752–756. Bibcode:2024Sci...385..752F. doi:10.1126/science.adk4868. PMID 39146402.
394. DePalma, R. A.; Oleinik, A. A.; Gurche, L. P.; Burnham, D. A.; Klingler, J. J.; McKinney, C. J.; Cichocki, F. P.; Larson, P. L.; Egerton, V. M.; Wogelius, R. A.; Edwards, N. P.; Bergmann, U.; Manning, P. L. (2021). "Seasonal calibration of the end-cretaceous Chicxulub impact event". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): Article number 23704. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1123704D. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03232-9. PMC 8655067. PMID 34880389.
395. During, M. A. D.; Voeten, D. F. A. E.; Van der Lubbe, J. H J. L.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2024). "Calibrations without raw data—A response to "Seasonal calibration of the end-cretaceous Chicxulub impact event"". PeerJ. 12. e18519. doi:10.7717/peerj.18519.
396. Moretti, S.; Auderset, A.; Deutsch, C.; Schmitz, R.; Gerber, L.; Thomas, E.; Luciani, V.; Petrizzo, M. R.; Schiebel, R.; Tripati, A.; Sexton, P.; Norris, R.; D'Onofrio, R.; Zachos, J.; Sigman, D. M.; Haug, G. H.; Martínez-García, A. (2024). "Oxygen rise in the tropical upper ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum" (PDF). Science. 383 (6684): 727–731. Bibcode:2024Sci...383..727M. doi:10.1126/science.adh4893. PMID 38359106.
397. Crespo, V. D.; Goin, F. J. (2024). "The Weddell Line, an early Cenozoic biogeographical barrier among Southern Hemisphere terrestrial mammals". Ameghiniana. doi:10.5710/AMGH.10.10.2024.3613.
398. Klages, J. P.; Hillenbrand, C.-D.; Bohaty, S. M.; Salzmann, U.; Bickert, T.; Lohmann, G.; Knahl, H. S.; Gierz, P.; Niu, L.; Titschack, J.; Kuhn, G.; Frederichs, T.; Müller, J.; Bauersachs, T.; Larter, R. D.; Hochmuth, K.; Ehrmann, W.; Nehrke, G.; Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J.; Schmiedl, G.; Spezzaferri, S.; Läufer, A.; Lisker, F.; van de Flierdt, T.; Eisenhauer, A.; Uenzelmann-Neben, G.; Esper, O.; Smith, J. A.; Pälike, H.; Spiegel, C.; Dziadek, R.; Ronge, T. A.; Freudenthal, T.; Gohl, K. (2024). "Ice sheet–free West Antarctica during peak early Oligocene glaciation" (PDF). Science. 385 (6706): 322–327. Bibcode:2024Sci...385..322K. doi:10.1126/science.adj3931. PMID 38963876.
399. Wilson, O. E.; Sánchez, R.; Chávez-Aponte, E.; Carrillo-Briceño, J. D.; Saarinen, J. (2024). "Application of herbivore ecometrics to reconstruct terrestrial palaeoenvironments in Falcón, Venezuela". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 112397. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112397.
400. Yu, W.; Herries, A. I. R.; Edwards, T.; Armstrong, B.; Joannes-Boyau, R. (2024). "Combined uranium-series and electron spin resonance dating from the Pliocene fossil sites of Aves and Milo's palaeocaves, Bolt's Farm, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa". PeerJ. 12. e17478. doi:10.7717/peerj.17478. PMC 11216204. PMID 38952976.
401. Bierman, P. R.; Mastro, H. M.; Peteet, D. M.; Corbett, L. B.; Steig, E. J.; Halsted, C. T.; Caffee, M. M.; Hidy, A. J.; Balco, G.; Bennike, O.; Rock, B. (2024). "Plant, insect, and fungi fossils under the center of Greenland's ice sheet are evidence of ice-free times". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (33). e2407465121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12107465B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2407465121. PMC 11331134. PMID 39102554.
402. Butiseacă, G. A.; Vasiliev, I.; van der Meer, M. T. J.; Bludau, I. J. E.; Karkanas, P.; Tourloukis, V.; Junginger, A.; Mulch, A.; Panagopoulou, E.; Harvati, K. (2024). "The expression of the MIS 12 glacial stage in Southeastern Europe and its impact over the Middle Pleistocene hominins in Megalopolis Basin (Greece)". Global and Planetary Change. 242. 104585. Bibcode:2024GPC...24204585B. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104585.
403. Bird, M. I.; Brand, M.; Comley, R.; Fu, X.; Hadeen, H.; Jacobs, Z.; Rowe, C.; Wurster, C. M.; Zwart, C.; Bradshaw, C. J. A. (2024). "Late Pleistocene emergence of an anthropogenic fire regime in Australia's tropical savannahs". Nature Geoscience. 17 (3): 233–240. Bibcode:2024NatGe..17..233B. doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01388-3.
404. Cisneros-Lazaro, D.; Adams, A.; Stolarski, J.; Bernard, S.; Daval, D.; Baronnet, A.; Grauby, O.; Baumgartner, L. P.; Vennemann, T.; Moore, J.; Baumgartner, C.; Martin Olmos, C.; Escrig, S.; Meibom, A. (2024). "Fossil biocalcite remains open to isotopic exchange with seawater for tens of millions of years". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). 24933. Bibcode:2024NatSR..1424933C. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-75588-7. PMC 11496820. PMID 39438650.
405. Wiseman, A. L. A.; Charles, J. P.; Hutchinson, J. R. (2024). "Static versus dynamic muscle modelling in extinct species: a biomechanical case study of the Australopithecus afarensis pelvis and lower extremity". PeerJ. 12. e16821. doi:10.7717/peerj.16821. PMC 10838096. PMID 38313026.
406. Sullivan, C.; Sissons, R.; Sharpe, H.; Nguyen, K.; Theurer, B. (2024). "Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 23 (5): 69–83. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5.
407. Gayford, J. H.; Engelman, R. K.; Sternes, P. C.; Itano, W. M.; Bazzi, M.; Collareta, A.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; Shimada, K. (2024). "Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals". Ecology and Evolution. 14 (9). e70218. Bibcode:2024EcoEv..1470218G. doi:10.1002/ece3.70218. PMC 11368419. PMID 39224151.
408. Wright, M. A.; Cavanaugh, T. J.; Pierce, S. E. (2024). "Volumetric versus Element-scaling Mass Estimation and Its Application to Permo-Triassic Tetrapods". Integrative Organismal Biology. 6 (1). obae034. doi:10.1093/iob/obae034. PMC 11438236. PMID 39346809.
409. Didier, G.; Laurin, M. (2024). "Testing extinction events and temporal shifts in diversification and fossilization rates through the skyline Fossilized Birth-Death (FBD) model: The example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions". Cladistics. 40 (3): 282–306. doi:10.1111/cla.12577. PMID 38651531.
410. Cooper, R. B.; Flannery-Sutherland, J. T.; Silvestro, D. (2024). "DeepDive: estimating global biodiversity patterns through time using deep learning". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 4199. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4199C. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48434-7. PMC 11101433. PMID 38760390.
411. Hauffe, T.; Cantalapiedra, J. L.; Silvestro, D. (2024). "Trait-mediated speciation and human-driven extinctions in proboscideans revealed by unsupervised Bayesian neural networks". Science Advances. 10 (30): eadl2643. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L2643H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl2643. PMC 11268411. PMID 39047110.
412. Benoit, J. (2024). "A possible Later Stone Age painting of a dicynodont (Synapsida) from the South African Karoo". PLOS ONE. 19 (9). e0309908. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309908. PMC 11410247. PMID 39292694.
413. Reumer, J. W. F. (2024). "The first case of paleontological fraud: Beringer's Lügensteine reconsidered". Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève. 43 (1): 155–162.
414. Isson, T.; Rauzi, S. (2024). "Oxygen isotope ensemble reveals Earth's seawater, temperature, and carbon cycle history". Science. 383 (6683): 666–670. Bibcode:2024Sci...383..666I. doi:10.1126/science.adg1366. PMID 38330122.
415. Judd, E. J.; Tierney, J. E.; Lunt, D. J.; Montañez, I. P.; Huber, B. T.; Wing, S. L.; Valdes, P. J. (2024). "A 485-million-year history of Earth's surface temperature". Science. 385 (6715). eadk3705. Bibcode:2024Sci...385k3705J. doi:10.1126/science.adk3705. PMID 39298603.
416. Thiagarajan, N.; Lepland, A.; Ryb, U.; Torsvik, T. H.; Ainsaar, L.; Hints, O.; Eiler, J. (2024). "Reconstruction of Phanerozoic climate using carbonate clumped isotopes and implications for the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (36). e2400434121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2400434121. PMC 11388280. PMID 39186659.
417. Rauzi, S.; Foster, W. J.; Takahashi, S.; Hori, R. S.; Beaty, B. J.; Tarhan, L. G.; Isson, T. (2024). "Lithium isotopic evidence for enhanced reverse weathering during the Early Triassic warm period". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (32). e2318860121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12118860R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2318860121. PMC 11317597. PMID 39074280.
418. Gurung, K.; Field, K. J.; Batterman, S. A.; Poulton, S. W.; Mills, B. J. W. (2024). "Geographic range of plants drives long-term climate change". Nature Communications. 15 (1). 1805. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.1805G. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46105-1. PMC 10901853. PMID 38418475.
419. Kairouani, H.; Abbassi, A.; Zaghloul, M. N.; El Mourabet, M.; Micheletti, F.; Fornelli, A.; Mongelli, G.; Critelli, S. (2024). "The Jurassic climate change in the northwest Gondwana (External Rif, Morocco): Evidence from geochemistry and implication for paleoclimate evolution". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 163. 106762. Bibcode:2024MarPG.16306762K. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.106762.
420. Nordt, L.; Breecker, D.; White, J. (2024). "The early Cretaceous was cold but punctuated by warm snaps resulting from episodic volcanism". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1). 223. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..223N. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01389-5.
421. Wang, T.; Yang, P.; He, S.; Hoffmann, R.; Zhang, Q.; Farnsworth, A.; Feng, Y.; Randrianaly, H. N.; Xie, J.; Yue, Y.; Zhao, J.; Ding, L. (2024). "Absolute age and temperature of belemnite rostra: Constraints on the Early Cretaceous cooling event". Global and Planetary Change. 233. 104353. Bibcode:2024GPC...23304353W. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104353.
422. Bauer, K. W.; McKenzie, N. R.; Cheung, C. T. L.; Gambacorta, G.; Bottini, C.; Nordsvan, A. R.; Erba, E.; Crowe, S. A. (2024). "A climate threshold for ocean deoxygenation during the Early Cretaceous". Nature. 633 (8030): 582–586. Bibcode:2024Natur.633..582B. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07876-1. PMID 39232168.
423. McCraw, J. R. C.; Tobin, T. S.; Cochran, J. K.; Landman, N. H. (2024). "Ammonites as paleothermometers: Isotopically reconstructed temperatures of the Western Interior Seaway track global records". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 656. 112594. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112594.
424. Harper, D. T.; Hönisch, B.; Bowen, G. J.; Zeebe, R. E.; Haynes, L. L.; Penman, D. E.; Zachos, J. C. (2024). "Long- and short-term coupling of sea surface temperature and atmospheric CO₂ during the late Paleocene and early Eocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (36). e2318779121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2318779121. PMC 11388285. PMID 39186648.
425. McCoy, J.; Gibson, ME; Hocking, EP; O'Keefe, JMK; Riding, JB; Roberts, R.; Campbell, S.; Abbott, GD; Pound, MJ (2024). "Paleoclimas templados a tropicales en el margen noroeste de Europa durante el Cenozoico medio". Palaeontologia Electronica . 27 (2). 27.2.a43. doi : 10.26879/1349 .
426. Clark, PU; Shakun, JD; Rosenthal, Y.; Köhler, P.; Bartlein, PJ (2024). "Cambio de temperatura global y regional durante los últimos 4,5 millones de años" (PDF) . Science . 383 (6685): 884–890. Bibcode :2024Sci...383..884C. doi :10.1126/science.adi1908. PMID  38386742.
427. Amarathunga, U.; Rohling, EJ; Grant, KM; Francke, A.; Latimer, J.; Klaebe, RM; Heslop, D.; Roberts, AP; Hutchinson, DK (2024). "Glaciación del Plioceno medio precedida por un período húmedo de 0,5 millones de años en el norte de África". Nature Geoscience . 17 (7): 660–666. Código Bibliográfico :2024NatGe..17..660A. doi :10.1038/s41561-024-01472-8.
428. An, Z.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Liu, Z.; Sun, Y.; Clemens, SC; Wu, L.; Zhao, J.; Shi, Z.; Ma, X.; Yan, H.; Li, G.; Cai, Y.; Yu, J.; Sun, Y.; Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; Stepanek, C.; Lohmann, G.; Dong, G.; Cheng, H.; Liu, Y.; Jin, Z.; Li, T.; Hao, Y.; Lei, J.; Cai, W. (2024). "Transición climática del Pleistoceno medio desencadenada por el crecimiento de la capa de hielo de la Antártida" (PDF) . Science . 385 (6708): 560–565. Bibcode :2024Sci...385..560A. doi :10.1126/science.abn4861. Número de modelo:  PMID39088600.
429. Jones, K. (28 de febrero de 2024). «Estella Bergere Leopold, ambientalista e hija de Aldo Leopold, muere a los 97 años».