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Elecciones a la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos de 2010

Las elecciones a la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos de 2010 se celebraron el 2 de noviembre de 2010, como parte de las elecciones intermedias de 2010 durante el primer mandato del presidente Barack Obama . Los votantes de los 50 estados de EE. UU. eligieron a 435 representantes estadounidenses para servir en el 112.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos . Además, los votantes de los territorios estadounidenses, las mancomunidades y el Distrito de Columbia eligieron a sus delegados sin derecho a voto . [b] Las elecciones al Senado de EE. UU. y varias elecciones estatales y locales se celebraron en la misma fecha.

Los republicanos recuperaron el control de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos que habían perdido en las elecciones intermedias de 2006 , obteniendo un total neto de 63 escaños y borrando las ganancias de los demócratas en 2006 y 2008. Aunque el partido del presidente en funciones suele perder escaños en una elección intermedia, la elección de 2010 resultó en las mayores pérdidas de un partido en una elección intermedia de la Cámara desde 1938 , [6] [7] así como el cambio más grande en la Cámara desde 1948. [8] En total, 52 demócratas de la Cámara fueron derrotados, incluidos 34 representantes de primer y segundo año .

Los republicanos lograron su mayor aumento de escaños en la Cámara desde 1938. [9] Tres presidentes de comités demócratas fueron derrotados: el presidente de transporte Jim Oberstar de Minnesota, el presidente de las fuerzas armadas Ike Skelton de Missouri y el presidente de presupuesto John Spratt de Carolina del Sur. Los demócratas lograron tres avances: ganaron un escaño vacante en Delaware y derrotaron a los republicanos en funciones en Hawái y Luisiana.

Las fuertes pérdidas del Partido Demócrata en 2010 se atribuyeron al enojo con el presidente Obama, la oposición a la Ley de Atención Médica Asequible y la Ley de Recuperación y Reinversión Estadounidense , los grandes déficits presupuestarios y la débil economía. [10] [11] [12]

Esta es la última elección en la que los demócratas ganaron un escaño en Arkansas , y la última en la que los republicanos ganaron más de un escaño en Maryland , así como ambos escaños en New Hampshire .

Fondo

Una calcomanía anti-Pelosi "Boehner para Presidente" en la ventanilla de un automóvil.

Tras las elecciones de 2006 , los demócratas tomaron el control de la Cámara de Representantes y del Senado. En las elecciones de 2008 , que coincidieron con la victoria del demócrata Barack Obama sobre el republicano John McCain para la presidencia , los demócratas aumentaron sus mayorías en ambas cámaras. De los 435 distritos del Congreso, 242 fueron ganados por Obama, mientras que 193 votaron por McCain. De los distritos que ganó Obama, 34 eligieron a un republicano para la Cámara de Representantes, mientras que 49 de los distritos que ganó McCain eligieron a un demócrata. [13]

Ganancias republicanas

El aumento de 63 escaños en la Cámara de Representantes por parte de los republicanos, así como la obtención de seis escaños en el Senado, significó un retroceso dramático de los recientes avances demócratas. En las elecciones, los republicanos obtuvieron su mayor número de escaños en la Cámara desde 1946. [14] Esto se ha atribuido a la continua recesión económica, así como a los controvertidos proyectos de ley de estímulo y reforma de la atención médica del presidente Obama . Los republicanos también tomaron el control de 29 de las 50 gobernaciones estatales y obtuvieron 690 escaños en las legislaturas estatales, para mantener su mayor número desde las elecciones de 1928. [15]

Los republicanos también lograron avances históricos en las legislaturas estatales , añadiendo más de 675 escaños legislativos estatales, superando con creces sus ganancias legislativas estatales en 1994. [16] [17] Los republicanos ganaron el control de docenas de cámaras legislativas estatales, [16] y tomaron el control de "siete legislaturas más directamente de las que tenían después de 1994 y la mayor cantidad desde 1952". [17] Los republicanos tomaron el control de la Legislatura de Alabama por primera vez desde la Reconstrucción ; el control del Senado de Carolina del Norte por primera vez desde 1870; y el control del Senado de Minnesota por primera vez desde que el estado regresó a elecciones partidistas en 1974. [16] [17]

La región de los Grandes Lagos , que hasta entonces había favorecido al Partido Demócrata, se inclinó fuertemente hacia los republicanos. Sin embargo, en California y el noroeste del Pacífico , los demócratas mantuvieron la ventaja. [18] El mayor cambio en 2010 se produjo en el sureste de los Estados Unidos, que anteriormente había estado dividido aproximadamente por igual entre demócratas y republicanos para todo, excepto para la presidencia. Sólo un demócrata blanco del sur profundo ganó la reelección para la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos en 2010. Antes de 2010, muchos sureños conservadores blancos habían votado por los republicanos para la presidencia, pero por los demócratas para otros cargos. [19]

Resumen de resultados

Federal

Fuentes: House Clerk – Estadísticas de las elecciones al Congreso, 2010

Demografía de los votantes

Fuente: Encuesta de salida de CNN [20]

Mapas

Titulares jubilados

37 titulares se jubilaron.

Demócratas

17 demócratas en ejercicio se retiraron.

Republicanos

19 republicanos en ejercicio se retiraron.

Los titulares derrotados

Hubo nueve demócratas que sobrevivieron a la reelección en la Revolución Republicana de 1994 , pero fueron derrotados este año.

Renominación perdida

Demócratas

Dos demócratas perdieron la reelección: un escaño quedó en manos de los demócratas, mientras que el otro pasó a manos de los republicanos.

Republicanos

Dos republicanos perdieron la reelección y ambos escaños quedaron finalmente en manos de republicanos.

Reelección perdida

54 candidatos en el cargo perdieron en las elecciones generales; todos, menos dos, eran demócratas. Muchos de los demócratas que perdieron habían sido elegidos inicialmente en los años de la ola demócrata de 2006 y 2008, y varios otros eran candidatos de larga data del sudeste. [55]

Demócratas

52 demócratas perdieron la reelección.

Republicanos

Dos republicanos perdieron la reelección.

Asientos abiertos que cambiaron de partido

Escaños demócratas ganados por republicanos

14 escaños vacantes, ocupados por demócratas, fueron ganados por republicanos.

Escaños republicanos ganados por demócratas

Un escaño vacante, ocupado por un republicano, fue ganado por un demócrata.

Carreras más reñidas

Ochenta y cuatro carreras se decidieron por un margen del 10% o menos.

Calificaciones electorales

Elecciones especiales

En 2010 hubo seis elecciones especiales para el 111.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos , enumeradas aquí por fecha y distrito.

Alabama

Distritos del Congreso de Alabama

Alaska

Resultados de Alaska

Arizona

Resultados de Arizona

Arkansas

California

Resultados de California

Colorado

Resultados de Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Resultados de Florida

Georgia

Resultados de Georgia

Hawai

Resultados de Hawaii

Idaho

Resultados de Idaho

Illinois

Resultados de Illinois

Indiana

Resultados de Indiana

Iowa

Resultados de Iowa

Kansas

Resultados de Kansas

Kentucky

Resultados de Kentucky

Luisiana

Resultados de Luisiana

Maine

Resultados de Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Resultados de Massachusetts

Michigan

Resultados de Michigan

Minnesota

Misisipí

Misuri

Montana

Resultados de Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

Resultados de Nevada

Nuevo Hampshire

Resultados de New Hampshire

Nueva Jersey

Resultados de Nueva Jersey

Nuevo Méjico

Resultados de Nuevo México

Nueva York

Resultados de Nueva York

North Carolina

North Carolina's results

North Dakota

North Dakota's results

Ohio

Ohio's results

Oklahoma

Oklahoma's results

Oregon

Oregon's results

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania's results

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Carolina's results

South Dakota

South Dakota's results

Tennessee

Tennessee's results

Texas

Texas's results

Utah

Utah's results

Vermont

Vermont's results

Virginia

Washington

Washington's results

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Wyoming's results

Non-voting delegates

The House of Representatives includes five Delegates from the District of Columbia and outlying territories elected to two-year terms and one Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico elected to a four-year term (for which the last election was held in 2008, so the seat was not up for reelection in 2010). These delegates are not allowed to vote on the floor of the House of Representatives.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In addition, five of the six non-voting delegates in the U.S. House of Representatives were elected.
  2. ^ The nonvoting delegates represent the District of Columbia; the territories of American Samoa, Guam and the Virgin Islands; and the commonwealths of the Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico, see 48 U.S.C. § 16. They are all chosen biennially except for Puerto Rico's delegate, who is elected every four years and next faced reelection in 2012.
  3. ^ "tipping-point state"
  4. ^ Deal was originally elected as a Democrat. He switched parties in April 1995.
  5. ^ Griffith was first elected as a Democrat. He became a Republican in December 2008.
  6. ^ Alexander was first elected as a Democrat. He became a Republican in August 2004.
  7. ^ Hall was first elected as a Democrat. He became a Republican in January 2004.

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Further reading

External links