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Banu Hashim

The Banū Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic Prophet Muhammad Ibn Abdullah belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.

Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashimids, Hashimites, Hashemites, or Bakara and often carry the surname al-Hāshimī. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of Sharīf (often synonymous to Sayyid).[1]

From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.[2] Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the 'Alawi (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (rulers of Jordan, 1921–present).[3]

History

Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the Banu Najjar, an Azdi clan.[4][5]

Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia).[6][7] Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe,[8] and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd-Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.

Dynasties and Tribes

The following Royal, Imperial dynasties and Tribes claim descent from Hashim:

Europe

Arabia

Africa

Indo-Persia

Southeast Asia

Family tree


See also

References

  1. ^ Van Arendonk, C.; Graham, W.A. (1960–2007). "Sharīf". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
  2. ^ Van Arendonk & Graham 1960–2007.
  3. ^ Routledge, Bruce (2004-07-26). Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-8122-3801-3.
  4. ^ al-Tabari, Abu Jafar. The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca. p. 125.
  5. ^ The Agrarian System of Islam Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991
  6. ^ Reuven Firestone (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. p. 72. ISBN 9780791403310.
  7. ^ Göran Larsson (2003). Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus. p. 170. ISBN 9004127402.
  8. ^ Al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum). Darussalam. p. 30. ISBN 1591440718.
  9. ^ a b c d Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 236.
  10. ^ Hoiberg 2010, p. 10.
  11. ^ a b Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 238.
  12. ^ a b c Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 235.
  13. ^ a b c I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.
  14. ^ Abul Fazl (2004). The Āʼīn-i Akbarī (2nd ed.). Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693515307.
  15. ^ Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 237.
  16. ^ Abu Huraira Virasat Rasul. Ashraf Al Ansab. Karachi Publications.
  17. ^ Khan, Shah Nawaz (1952). Maasir al Umara. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press. pp. 259–262.
  18. ^ a b Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 233.

Sources

External links