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Hexie (train)

Hexie (Chinese: 和谐号; pinyin: Héxié hào; lit. 'Harmony'), also known as the CRH series EMU, is an umbrella term for the multiple unit high-speed and higher-speed trains operated by China Railway under the China Railway High-speed brand. All series of Hexie are based on foreign-developed technology and later manufactured locally in China through technology transfer licenses, with the ultimate goal of China acquiring the know-how and capability to produce high-speed rail trains.

The Harmony series does not belong to any single platform, instead encompassing all high-speed trains in China with roots in foreign technology, specifically CRH1, CRH2, CRH3 and CRH5. Although later variants of Hexie such as CRH380A were designed by Chinese companies, they are still classified as CRH due to incorporation of foreign technology.

History

In 2007, China's Ministry of Railways drafted a plan for China's future high-speed network. Bombardier Transportation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Alstom and later Siemens joined the high-speed train manufacturing project that later became known as Harmony. Forming joint-ventures with Chinese company CNR and CSR, these four foreign companies signed agreements with China to manufacture high-speed trains for China as well as provide assistance for Chinese companies to manufacture train cars locally in the future.

While the initial train sets from each Hexie series were manufactured overseas, subsequent sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well. Although the first domestically produced trains were initially delivered in complete knock-down form, eventually manufacturing as a whole became predominantly Chinese.[1]

China currently holds many patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. However, these patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. This weakness on the intellectual property of Hexie trains became an obstruction for China to export its high-speed rail related products, leading to the development of a completely redesigned train brand, Fuxing, which is based on indigenous technologies.[1][2][3]

While most Hexie series trains are designed for China Railway, a variant of the CRH380A has been modified for operation by MTR Corporation of Hong Kong, who will operate these trains under the brand Vibrant Express specifically for the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link.

Variants

China Railway High-speed train passing through Shenzhou railway station in Hainan
Engineer's compartment on the CRH3

The Harmony brand has different electric multiple unit trainsets, the designs for which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. Some of the trainsets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well, so the system as a whole is predominantly Chinese.[1] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. However, these patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power.[1][2][3]

The trainsets are as follows:

CRH1A, B,E, CRH2A, B,E, and CRH5A are designed for a maximum operating speed (MOR) of 200 km/h (124 mph) and can reach up to 250 km/h (155 mph). CRH3C and CRH2C designs have an MOR of 310 km/h (193 mph), and can reach up to 350 km/h (217 mph), with a top testing speed more than 380 km/h (236 mph). However, in practical terms, issues such as maintenance costs, comfort, and safety make the maximum speed of more than 380 km/h (236 mph) impractical and remain limiting factors.

Chinese CRH trainsets order timetable

Chinese CRH trainsets delivery timetable

Based on data published by Sinolink Securities;[24][25] some small changes were made according to the most recent news.

Gallery

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b Wines, Michael; Bradsher, Keith (2011-02-17). "China Rail Chief's Firing Hints at Trouble". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-12-27. Many multinational companies also resent China for tweaking foreign designs and building the equipment itself rather than importing it.
  3. ^ a b Johnson, Ian (2011-06-13). "High-Speed Trains in China to Run Slower, Ministry Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-12-27. In the past few months, some foreign companies that sold China its high-speed technology said the trains were not designed to operate at 215 miles per hour. The ministry said that Chinese engineers had improved on the foreign technology and that the trains were safe at the higher speeds.
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  6. ^ 法中企业握手互利共赢. news.xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). 2004-10-25. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012.
  7. ^ "2004年10月12日，BSP与铁道部及广州铁路（集团）签订了20列（160辆）EMU动车组". www.bsp.cn (in Chinese). January 12, 2006. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011.
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  11. ^ "BSP公司在北京签订40列EMU动车组订单". www.bsp.cn (in Chinese). November 2, 2007. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011.
  12. ^ www.docin.com 招商证券-中国南车-601766-动车交付高峰来临，业绩逐季增.. (in Chinese).
  13. ^ "公司与北京铁路局签订了30列CRH5型动车组采购合同". www.cccar.com.cnom (in Chinese). Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
  14. ^ 唐车公司拿到京沪高铁动车组大订单 总金额392亿. info.china.alibaba.com (in Chinese). 2009-03-17. Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
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  16. ^ "Zefiro 250NG included in revised high speed train contract". Archived from the original on 2020-10-24. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
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  18. ^ www.docin.com 招商证券-中国北车-601299-动车组第三批高毛利率订单将陆续交付 (in Chinese).
  19. ^ "关于CRH3和380B的提问". bbs.ourail.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  20. ^ 中国南车获国内首个城际列车项目订单 总值23.46亿人民币 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  21. ^ "Bombardier Sifang Awarded Fourth Contract for 40 Additional CRH1 High-Speed Trains in China". cn.bombardier.com. 2010-07-16. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  22. ^ 中国南车：再中标动车组订单、未来高增长确定::全景证券频道. www.p5w.net (in Chinese). 2010-09-30. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
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