stringtranslate.com

Lista de parques nacionales de Canadá

Los parques nacionales de Canadá son áreas protegidas bajo la Ley de Parques Nacionales de Canadá , propiedad del Gobierno de Canadá y administradas para el beneficio, la educación y el disfrute de la gente de Canadá y sus futuras generaciones . [1] Los parques nacionales son administrados por Parques Canadá , una agencia de la Corona que opera bajo la jurisdicción del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático . El objetivo del sistema de parques nacionales es reservar tierras que representen las 39 regiones naturales distintas del país descritas en el Plan del Sistema de Parques Nacionales , principalmente para proteger la integridad ecológica de la tierra y, en segundo lugar, para permitir que el público explore, aprenda y disfrute de los espacios naturales de Canadá. [2]

El primer parque nacional de Canadá fue creado en 1885 mediante una Orden en Consejo [3] para reservar 26 km2 ( 10 millas cuadradas) sobre las aguas termales de Cave and Basin para evitar que la tierra se vendiera para desarrollo privado a pesar de las reclamaciones realizadas por ella. Siguiendo el modelo de la experiencia estadounidense con el Parque Nacional de Yellowstone , la Ley de Parques de las Montañas Rocosas , adoptada en 1887, estableció el Parque de las Montañas Rocosas (ahora Parque Nacional Banff ). [4] La idea de un parque nacional fue popular y dio lugar a numerosas propuestas para que el Ministerio del Interior las considerara, incluidos sitios adicionales a lo largo del Ferrocarril del Pacífico Canadiense (por ejemplo, Yoho y Glaciar y una expansión de Banff) y el Ferrocarril del Pacífico Grand Trunk (por ejemplo, Jasper). En 1911, la Ley de Parques de las Montañas Rocosas fue reemplazada por la Ley de Reservas Forestales y Parques del Dominio que creó el primer Servicio de Parques Nacionales del mundo, la Rama de Parques del Dominio, para administrar los parques nacionales en Canadá. [5] Estos primeros parques nacionales, incluidos los establecidos bajo el liderazgo de JB Harkin , que fue el primer comisionado de la División de Parques del Dominio, se destinaron a reservar tierras principalmente para el turismo y la conservación, pero también tenían una política excluyente que prohibía a los pueblos de las Primeras Naciones utilizar sus tierras tradicionales dentro de los nuevos parques. [6] En 1922, el Parque Nacional Wood Buffalo fue el primero en permitir que continuaran las actividades indígenas tradicionales. En 1972, Parks Canada definió las reservas de parques nacionales como tierras administradas por la agencia destinadas a convertirse en parques nacionales en espera de la resolución de los derechos territoriales indígenas y de los acuerdos para el uso tradicional continuo de las tierras. [7] [8]

En julio de 2024 , había 37 parques nacionales y 11 reservas de parques nacionales, que cubrían un área de aproximadamente 343 377 km² ( 132 579 millas cuadradas), [9] o alrededor del 3,3 % de la superficie terrestre total de Canadá, y representaban 31 de sus 39 regiones naturales. Hay al menos un parque ubicado en cada una de las 13 provincias y territorios del país . Parks Canada informó una asistencia de 15 449 249 en todos los parques nacionales y reservas en 2016-17, incluidas más de cuatro millones de visitas al parque más concurrido (Banff) y solo dos personas en el parque menos visitado ( Tuktut Nogait ). [10] Parks Canada también administra tres Áreas Nacionales de Conservación Marina (NMCA), una sola Reserva NMCA y el único Monumento Nacional del país . La Ley de Parques Nacionales de Canadá también permite el reconocimiento de Sitios Históricos Nacionales que conmemoran eventos, monumentos u objetos de importancia nacional, y que pueden incluir niveles similares de protección y administración a los de los parques nacionales. [1] Se están realizando estudios de viabilidad para establecer más parques nacionales en regiones no representadas. [11]

Parques nacionales y reservas de parques nacionales

Las reservas de parques nacionales se indican con "(Reserva)" después del nombre del parque. Los parques nacionales urbanos se indican con "(Urbano)" después del nombre del parque.

  * Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO
  † Reserva de la Biosfera de la UNESCO
  ‡ Parques designados en ambos programas de la UNESCO

Por provincia/territorio

Reservas de parques nacionales propuestas

A continuación se indican las áreas que Parques Canadá está evaluando como posibles parques. Si bien pueden estar reservadas para evitar la alienación o tener acuerdos federales, provinciales o territoriales, no se han establecido formalmente a través de la legislación como parques.

Quedan siete regiones naturales que no están representadas por parques actuales o propuestos. [64] Como Parques Canadá tiene el objetivo a largo plazo de preservar áreas representativas de todas las regiones naturales, es probable que en el futuro se establezcan parques en estas áreas. [64] Estas regiones son:

Parques nacionales abolidos

Áreas Nacionales de Conservación Marina

Las Áreas Nacionales de Conservación Marina (NMCAs, por sus siglas en inglés) son un programa establecido en 2002 con el objetivo de preservar los ecosistemas marinos que representan las 29 regiones marinas de Canadá. [69] Están diseñadas para un uso sostenible, aunque por lo general también contienen áreas diseñadas para proteger la integridad ecológica . Las Reservas Nacionales de Áreas de Conservación Marina son áreas protegidas que se propone agregar al sistema NMCA en espera de la resolución de los derechos indígenas sobre la tierra y el agua. Mientras tanto, se administran según las reglas del parque. [70]

A partir de 2020 , las NMCA establecidas y las reservas de NMCA protegen 14.846 km2 ( 5.732 millas cuadradas) de aguas, humedales y costas, lo que representa cinco de las 29 regiones marinas identificadas con estudios en curso para áreas protegidas en tres regiones adicionales. [69]

  † Reserva de la Biosfera de la UNESCO

Áreas de conservación marina nacionales propuestas

Monumentos nacionales

The National Landmarks program was established in 1978 to protect specific natural features considered "outstanding, exceptional, unique, or rare to this country. These natural features would typically be isolated entities and of scientific interest."[78] The enabling legislation expired 10 years later, and was not renewed. Pingo National Landmark was the only such unit established in that time.

Provincial parks categorized as national parks

Provincial and territorial parks are administered and funded by their respective governments. However, Quebec has named its provincial parks “national parks”, though none are in the national park system.

Some sub-national parks are categorized by the IUCN under the umbrella term national parks (Category II) in its global Protected Area Management Categories. As of 2011, there were more than 1500 Category II-listed areas across the country, including nearly 700 in B.C., and at least 500 in Ontario. Only Quebec uses the term “national park” for such provincial areas, using the IUCN's category name as justification.

In addition to the national park system, several federal agencies manage natural, scientific, and recreational areas. In the National Capital Region, a number of parklands come under the jurisdiction of the National Capital Commission, including Gatineau Park in Quebec. None of these are part of the national park system.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ South Moresby National Park Reserve was created 12 July 1988, with the signing of the South Moresby Agreement; renamed Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site on 28 February 1996. Includes SGaang Gwaii (Anthony Island) World Heritage Site.[28]
  2. ^ Established as Northern Yukon National Park in 1984, renamed Ivvavik National Park in 1992.[30]
  3. ^ Kluane National Park Reserve was set aside in 1976, following the Kluane Game Reserve of the early 1940s. Subsequently, an eastern portion of the Reserve became Kluane National Park in 1993.
  4. ^ In 2007, the government announced that 29,000 km2 (11,197 sq mi) of land would be added to Nahanni, making it 33,766 km2 (13,037 sq mi). However, these changes have not been fully implemented as of 2017.[37]
  5. ^ Only the northwestern end of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve is located within Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve.
  6. ^ Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve was established in 1988, renamed Quttinirpaaq in 1999, and became a national park in 2000.[46]
  7. ^ Waterton Lakes National Park is part of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, a World Heritage Site which includes the adjoining Glacier National Park in Montana, United States.

References

  1. ^ a b c Canada National Parks Act, S.C. 2000, c. 32 (Canada National Parks Act at Justice Laws Website)
  2. ^ "National Parks of Canada – Introduction". Parks Canada. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  3. ^ An act further to amend and to consolidate, as so amended, the several Acts respecting the Public Lands of the Dominion therein mentioned, P.C. 1885, c. 17, s. 26
  4. ^ Lothian, W.F. (1981). A Brief History of Canada's National Parks (PDF). Environment Canada. ISBN 0-662-15217-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  5. ^ Irish, Paul (13 May 2011). "Parks Canada celebrates a century of discovery". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  6. ^ Binnema, Theodore; Niemi, Melanie (2006). "'Let the line be drawn now': Wilderness, Conservation, and the Exclusion of Aboriginal People from Banff National Park in Canada". Environmental History. 11 (4): 724–50. doi:10.1093/envhis/11.4.724.
  7. ^ Joseph, Bob (13 March 2015). "Can First Nations hunt in national parks?". Indigenous Corporate Training. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Indigenous fact sheet". Parks Canada. 23 June 2017. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  9. ^ "National Parks". Government of Canada. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Parks Canada Attendance 2016–17". Parks Canada. 11 September 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Creating new national parks". Parks Canada. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Guide to the National Parks of Canada. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. 2017. ISBN 978-1-4262-1756-2.
  13. ^ a b Canada, Parks. "Parks Canada attendance 2022_23 - Parks Canada attendance 2022_23 - Open Government Portal". open.canada.ca. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  14. ^ Parks Canada (1997). National Parks System Plan (PDF). Parks Canada. ISBN 0-662-25334-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  15. ^ "Aulavik National Park – Natural Environment". Parks Canada. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  16. ^ "Auyuittuq National Park – About". Parks Canada. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  17. ^ Ayers, Tom (22 September 2015). "Right whales off Cape Breton going the wrong way for shipping, fishing". The Chronicle Herald. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  18. ^ "Moose Management". Nova Scotia Office of Aboriginal Affairs. Province of Nova Scotia. February 2007. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  19. ^ a b "Cape Breton Highlands National Park - Moose". Parks Canada. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  20. ^ Elk Island National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2011. ISBN 978-1-100-18107-3.
  21. ^ Rudin, Ronald (2011). "The First French-Canadian National Parks: Kouchibouguac and Forillon in History and Memory". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association. 22 (1): 161–200. doi:10.7202/1008961ar.
  22. ^ "Where is the highest tide?". National Ocean Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 10 October 2017. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  23. ^ a b official Parks Canada figures combine the visitor numbers of Glacier National Park and Mount Revelstoke National Park
  24. ^ a b State of the Parks Report – Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks. Parks Canada. 2008.
  25. ^ Grasslands National Park Reserve of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2010. ISBN 978-1-100-15723-8.
  26. ^ Gros Morne National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2009. ISBN 978-0-662-44613-2.
  27. ^ "Gulf Islands National Park Reserve". National Geographic. 6 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  28. ^ "Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 28 August 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  29. ^ a b official Parks Canada figures combine the numbers for Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve and Haida Heritage Site
  30. ^ "Ivvavik National Park". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  31. ^ Ivvavik National Park Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2017.
  32. ^ Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2010. ISBN 978-1-100-13549-6.
  33. ^ "Largest non-polar ice field". Guinness World Records. 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  34. ^ Kouchibouguac National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2010. ISBN 978-1-100-13556-4.
  35. ^ La Mauricie National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2010. ISBN 978-1-100-14153-4.
  36. ^ Nááts'įhch'oh National Park Reserve of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2017. ISBN 978-0-660-09423-6.
  37. ^ "Tories' expansion of Nahanni park praised". CTV News. 8 August 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  38. ^ Nahanni National Park Reserve of Canada Nahʔą Dehé Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2010. ISBN 978-1-100-15495-4.
  39. ^ State of the Parks Report – Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. Parks Canada. 2008. ISBN 978-0-662-48932-0.
  40. ^ "Pituamkek National Park Reserve". lnuey.ca. L'nuey. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  41. ^ "Monarch butterflies by the thousands at Point Pelee". CBC News. 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  42. ^ "Point Pelee". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  43. ^ Prince Albert National Park Reserve Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2017.
  44. ^ Scheller, William G. (December 1999). "A Story Written in Sand". Islands Magazine. 19 (6): 23–24. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  45. ^ Otis, Daniel (8 January 2018). "Trekking the wild shores of Lake Superior in Pukaskwa National Park". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  46. ^ "Quttinirpaaq National Park". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  47. ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information – Canada – Riding Mountain". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  48. ^ Riding Mountain National Park of Canada and Riding Mountain Park East Gate Registration Complex National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2007. ISBN 978-0-662-43469-6.
  49. ^ Sirmilik National Park Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2016. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  50. ^ Terra Nova National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2009. ISBN 978-1-100-10393-8.
  51. ^ "Nature Canada Applauds Federal Government's Renewed Commitment to National Park System". Nature Canada. 16 October 2006. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  52. ^ "Thaidene Nëné Proposed National Park Reserve Ecological Values Summary". Parks Canada. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  53. ^ Torngat Mountains National Park Canada: management plan. Parks Canada. 2010. ISBN 978-1-100-13554-0.
  54. ^ Tuktut Nogait National Park of Canada: management plan. Parks Canada. 2007. ISBN 978-0-662-42988-3.
  55. ^ a b Ukkusiksalik National Park of Canada: Management Plan (PDF). Parks Canada. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  56. ^ Vuntut National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2010.
  57. ^ Wapusk National Park of Canada Management Plan. Parks Canada. 2007. ISBN 978-0-662-47407-4.
  58. ^ a b Wood Buffalo National Park is split between Alberta and the Northwest Territories.
  59. ^ Chang, Arturo (18 January 2024). "Manitoba First Nations, governments sign deal to study protection of pristine Seal River watershed". CBC News. Retrieved 7 September 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. ^ "Seal River Watershed (Manitoba)". Parks Canada. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  61. ^ Parks Canada (2023). 2023 to 2024 Departmental Plan (Report). Parks Canada. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  62. ^ Gaffney, Blaine (27 October 2017). "Efforts heat up to create a national park reserve in the south Okanagan". Global News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  63. ^ a b "Proposed National Park Reserve in the South Okanagan-Similkameen". Parks Canada. 18 January 2018. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  64. ^ a b Parks Canada (27 June 2024). "National Parks System Plan". Parks Canada. Retrieved 8 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  65. ^ Hart, E. J. (2010). J. B. Harkin: Father of Canada's National Parks. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780888645128.
  66. ^ a b Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Fish and Wildlife Historical Society (2005). Fish, Fur & Feathers: Fish and Wildlife Conservation in Alberta 1905–2005. Nature books of Alberta. p. 100. ISBN 0-9696134-7-4.
  67. ^ Lothian, W. F. (1977). "Chapter 4: National Parks Administration (1885 to 1973)". A History of Canada's National Parks. Vol. II. Parks Canada. pp. 15–17. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  68. ^ Finnamore, Albert T. (Fall 1998). "Project Update: Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands". Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods). 17 (2). University of Alberta. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
  69. ^ a b c d "Completing the National Marine Conservation Areas System". Parks Canada. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  70. ^ "National Marine Conservation Area System". Parks Canada. 20 July 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  71. ^ "Minister visits, celebrates marine park's creation". Haida Gwaii Observer. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  72. ^ "Canada creates world's biggest water reserve". Agence France-Presse. 25 October 2007. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  73. ^ Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park (PDF) (Map). Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  74. ^ Rochette, Lise (9 May 2012). "Study on the Creation of a Marine Protected Area in Îles-de-la-Madeleine" (Press release). Cap-aux-Meules, QC: Parks Canada & Government of Quebec. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  75. ^ Departmental Performance Report 2013-14 (Report). Gatineau, QC: Parks Canada. 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  76. ^ Feasibility Study for the Proposed Southern Strait of Georgia National Marine Conservation Area Reserve (Report). Parks Canada. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  77. ^ Lancaster Sound National Marine Conservation Area Feasibility Assessment Steering Committee (25 August 2017). A National Marine Conservation Area Proposal for Lancaster Sound: Feasibility Assessment Report (Report). Parks Canada. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  78. ^ "Pingo Canadian Landmark – Park Management". Parks Canada. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.

External links

flag Canada portal