Borrador: Lista de desastres antropogénicos por número de víctimas

• Comentario: La mayor parte del historial de esta página (actualmente 8229 revisiones) todavía se encuentra en Lista de desastres antropogénicos por número de muertos. Si este borrador se va a mover a cualquier título en el espacio principal, primero debe ir a ese título para que se restaure el resto de su historial. No es razonablemente posible fusionar el historial en un título diferente, ya que hay más revisiones de las que se pueden eliminar (una parte de la fusión del historial) de las que un administrador común tiene permisos para; en el peor de los casos, tendríamos que moverlo desde donde estaba a ese título, restaurarlo allí y luego moverlo de vuelta; y mover páginas con tantas revisiones ya está plagado de peligros. Obtenga ayuda de un administrador con experiencia en fusiones de historial grandes antes de intentarlo. — Cryptic 02:51, 30 de julio de 2024 (UTC)

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Events that significantly dropped the human population

Estimaciones del número de muertos en algunas de las guerras más letales

Esta es una lista de eventos que han causado una disminución mensurable en la población humana total. La lista incluye el nombre del evento, la ubicación y el inicio y el final de cada evento. Algunos eventos pueden pertenecer a más de una categoría. Además, algunos de los eventos enumerados se superponen entre sí y, en algunos casos, el número de muertes de un evento menor se incluye en el del evento más grande o el período de tiempo del que formó parte.

A menudo existe una gran incertidumbre sobre el número de muertos. Las tablas se ordenan inicialmente por la media geométrica , es decir, la raíz cuadrada del producto de la estimación más baja y más alta del número acumulado de muertes, por ejemplo, para una estimación más baja de 500 y una más alta de 2000 muertos desde el comienzo de la guerra o el desastre. ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {500\cdot 2000}}=1000}$

Guerra

Guerras y conflictos armados

En esta sección se enumeran todas las guerras y los conflictos importantes en los que el número de víctimas estimadas supera las 100.000. Esto incluye las muertes de soldados, civiles, etc., por causas directas e indirectas causadas por la guerra, que incluyen combates , enfermedades , hambrunas , masacres , suicidios y genocidios .

Maltrato a civiles durante la guerra

En esta sección se enumeran las muertes de personas no combatientes durante guerras que fueron cometidas o causadas deliberadamente por fuerzas militares o cuasimilitares con la intención de causar daño (las muertes debidas a la escasez en tiempos de guerra, por ejemplo, no se incluyen porque son un efecto secundario de la guerra). Es posible que no estén dirigidas específicamente contra grupos étnicos, religiosos o políticos, pero suelen ser parte de una estrategia militar que no tiene en cuenta las vidas de los civiles, o pueden ser actos arbitrarios de crueldad. Véase democidio .

Represión política

Abuso de trabajadores, trabajadores forzados y esclavos

En esta sección se enumeran las muertes causadas por malas condiciones laborales, ejecuciones por no realizar el trabajo satisfactoriamente y muertes causadas por maltrato a la fuerza laboral tanto en tránsito como en los lugares de trabajo.

Genocidios, limpieza étnica, persecución religiosa

En esta sección se enumeran los acontecimientos que implican el asesinato en masa (o muerte causada por el desalojo forzoso) de personas por motivos de raza, religión o etnia.

Líderes políticos y regímenes

En esta sección se enumeran las muertes atribuidas a ciertos líderes políticos; las muertes se deben tanto a las condiciones internas del país debido a la política nacional como a asesinatos activos cometidos por fuerzas leales al líder en cuestión.

Political purges

This section lists events that entail the mass killings of political opposition (such as those of certain ideology, class or political persuasion).

See also: Red Terror (disambiguation), White Terror, and Politicide.

Prisons, concentration and extermination camps

This section lists deaths that occurred in particular prisons, concentration and/or extermination camps, deaths are from both the conditions within the camps and from the active murder/execution of prisoners.

Riots and political unrest

Riots and incidents where at least 100 people died are listed here.

Anthropogenically exacerbated disasters

Disease and famine

This section includes famines and disease outbreaks that were caused or exacerbated by human action.

Note: Some of these famines and diseases were partially caused by nature.

Floods and landslides

These are floods and landslides that have been partially caused by humans, for example by failure of dams, levees, seawalls or retaining walls.

Other

Human sacrifice and suicide

This section lists deaths from the practice of human sacrifice or suicide.

See also

Other lists organized by death toll

See Lists of death tolls

Other lists with similar topics

• List of unusual deaths
• List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
• Lists of battles
• Lists of disasters
• Lists of earthquakes
• List of epidemics
• List of famines
• List of fires
• List of invasions
• List of tropical cyclone records
• List of riots
• List of terrorist incidents
• List of wars
• Lists of rail accidents

Topics dealing with similar themes

• Anti-communist mass killings
• Casualties of the Iraq War
• Decommunization
• Democide
• Famine
• Genocide
• Genocides in history (before World War I)
• Infectious disease
• Mass killings under communist regimes
• Mass murder
• List of battles by casualties
• United States military casualties of war

References

Footnotes

1. ^{[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]}
2. These death toll estimates vary due to lack of consensus as to the demographic size of the native population pre-Columbus, which some say might never be accurately determined. Modern scholarship tend to side with the higher estimates, but there is still variance based on calculation methods used. Even using conservative populations estimates, however, "one dreadful conclusion is inescapable: the 150 years after Columbus's arrival brought a toll on human life in this hemisphere comparable to all of the world's losses during World War II. ... Against the alien agents of disease, the indigenous people never had a chance. Their immune systems were unprepared to fight smallpox and measles, malaria and yellow fever. The epidemics that resulted have been well documented."^[16] A small industry of researchers in recent years have focused their attention on Native American population size in 1492, and the subsequent decimation of the population after contact with Europeans.^[17] They have stated that their findings in no way diminish the "dreadful impact Old World diseases had on the people of the New World. But it suggests that the New World was hardly a healthful Eden." For example, they note that as the previously thriving indigenous peoples became more urbanized and less mobile, they succumbed to the same declining sanitation and health conditions of other urban cultures, including tuberculosis. The researchers stress, however, that "their findings in no way mitigated the responsibility of Europeans as bearers of disease devastating to native societies."^[16]
3. The war was paused for eight years in 1937–1945 when the Nationalists and Communists made a united front to fight against Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War
4. The Casement estimate is used by Ascherson in his book The King Incorporated, although he notes that it is "almost certainly an underestimate".^[151]
5. For other sources, see each respective leader's death toll
6. The Casement estimate is used by Ascherson in his book The King Incorporated, although he notes that it is "almost certainly an underestimate".^[151]
7. Sources:
   • "Record of Arbitrary Arrests". SNHR. March 2023. Archived from the original on May 13, 2023.
   • "On the 12th Anniversary of the Popular Uprising". ReliefWeb. March 15, 2023. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023.

1. Rudling writes: "OUN founder Evhen Konovalets' (1891–1938) stated that his movement was "waging war against mixed marriages" with Poles, Russians and Jews, the latter of whom he described as "foes of our national rebirth" (Carynnyk, 2011: 315). After Konovalets' was himself assassinated in 1938, the movement split into two wings, the followers of Andrii Melnyk (1890–1964) and Stepan Bandera (1909–1959), known as Melnykites, OUN(m), and Banderites, OUN(b). Both wings enthusiastically committed to the new fascist Europe."^[422]

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241. 《晉書·卷一百七》 Jin Shu Original text 閔躬率趙人誅諸胡羯，無貴賤男女少長皆斬之，死者二十余萬，屍諸城外，悉為野犬豺狼所食。屯據四方者，所在承閔書誅之，于時高鼻多須至有濫死者半。
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     1,000,000 and 10,000 to 2,000,000 and 100,000 Kurds were displaced and killed respectively between 1963 and 1987; 250,000 of them in 1977 and 1978. If deaths are proportional to the displacement then 2,500 to 12,500 Kurds would have died during this period depending on the scale of overall displacement and deaths used.
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255. 1,000 deaths per day in April, May and June along Turkish border a - "Iraqi Deaths from the Gulf War as of April 1992," Greenpeace, Washington, D.C. See also "Aftermath of War: The Persian Gulf War Refugee Crisis," Staff Report to the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, May 20, 1991. The figure of nearly 1,000 deaths per day is also given in "Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein," Staff Report to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, November 1991, p.14. "hundreds" (100 to 900?) died per day along Iranian border b - Kurdish Refugees Straggle Into Iran, Followed By Tragedy, Associated Press, Apr 13, 1991 1,100 to 1,900 (a + b) deaths per day from at least April 13th (b) up to between May 1st and May 31st (a ); which suggests 44 to 74 days: 1,100(44)= 48,400 1,900(74)= 140,600 Routine calculations Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates.
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440. Buckley, Cynthia J.; Ruble, Blair A.; Hofmann, Erin Trouth (September 9, 2008). Migration, Homeland, and Belonging in Eurasia. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9075-8.
441. Rousso, Henry; Golsan, Richard Joseph (January 1, 2004). Stalinism and Nazism: History and Memory Compared. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-9000-6.
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445. Reitlinger, Gerald (1953). The Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945. New York City: Beechhurst Press.
446. Early efforts by scholars to determine the number of Jews murdered by the Nazis were limited by a lack of access to pertinent records. The genocide seldom entered Western discourse, both due to ignorance and to the Cold-War politics which made West Germany a new ally of the United States.The first significant work on the subject published in English was Gerald Reitlinger's Final Solution (1953), which, relying almost exclusively on German documentation, estimated 4.9 million dead. This figure is now considered extremely conservative. Raul Hilberg's 1961 The Destruction of the European Jews became a classic in the field of Holocaust literature and made the genocide of the Jews known to the wider public, Hilberg estimated its victims to be 5.1 million lives, or 4.9–5.4 million broadly construed. The trial of Adolf Eichmann further raised awareness of the genocide, Eichmann also provided documentation and testimony which revised the number of the dead.The first work to arrive at a figure comparable to modern estimates was Lucy Dawidowicz's The War Against the Jews, published in 1975, the book provided detailed listings by country of the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust which are still used as a reference in modern Holocaust studies. Dawidowicz researched birth and death records in many cities of prewar Europe to come up with a death toll of 5,933,900 Jews. After the opening of Soviet records, scholarship arrived at a death toll of about 6 million Jews. Gutman and Rozett's Encyclopedia of the Holocaust was published in 1990 and estimated slightly over 5.9 million Jews were murdered.Wolfgang Benz's The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide, published 1995, gave a toll of 6.2 million.
447. Davies, Norman (2012). God's Playground [Boze igrzysko]. Otwarte (publishing). p. 956. ISBN 83-240-1556-6. Polish edition, second volume. "To, co robili Sowieci, bylo szczególnie mylace. Same liczby bylSacramentsie wiarygodne, ale pozbawione komentarza, sprytnie ukrywaly fakt, ze ofiary w przewazajacej liczbie nie byly Rosjanami, ze owe miliony obejmowaly ofiary nie tylko Hitlera, ale i Stalina, oraz ze wsród ludnosci cywilnej najwieksze grupy stanowili Ukraincy, Polacy, Bialorusini i Zydzi. Translation: The Soviet methods were particularly misleading. The numbers were correct, but the victims were overwhelmingly not Russian, and came from either one of the two regimes."
448. Zemskov, Viktor N. (2012). "О масштабах людских потерь CCCР в Великой Отечественной Войне" [The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War]. Military Historical Archive (Военно-исторический архив) (in Russian). 9: 59–71 – via Demoskop Weehly vol. 559–560 (2013)
     Excludes: * Excludes the 2,500,000 million Jewish civilians killed in Soviet Territories-(see: Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. 1988. ISBN 978-0-688-12364-2) * 30,000 to 35,000 Roma killed in Porajmos-(see: Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. ISBN 0-231-11200-9. "European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
449. Includes: * Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence 7,420,379-(see: ????????? 1995, pp. 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Philimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era.) * Deaths of forced laborers in Germany 2,164,313-(see: Евдокимов 1995, pp. 124–131.) * Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions 4,100,000-(see: Евдокимов 1995, pp. 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Philimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease.) Excludes: * Excludes the 2,500,000 million Jewish civilians killed in Soviet Territories-(see: Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. 1988. ISBN 978-0-688-12364-2) * 30,000 to 35,000 Roma killed in Porajmos-(see: Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. ISBN 0-231-11200-9. "European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
450. Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997): "an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks."
451. Pohl, Dieter (2012). Die Herrschaft der Wehrmacht: Deutsche Militärbesatzung und einheimische Bevölkerung in der Sowjetunion 1941–1944. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. ISBN 978-3-486-70739-7.
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719. This toll is only for the number of Japanese pilots killed in Kamikaze suicide missions. It does not include the number of enemy combatants killed by such missions, which is estimated to be around 4,000. Kamikaze pilots are estimated to have sunk or damaged beyond repair some 70 to 80 allied ships, representing about 80% of allied shipping losses in the final phase of the war in the Pacific (see Kamikaze).
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External links

• Media related to Human-made disasters at Wikimedia Commons
• Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II
• Los 100 desastres de aviación más importantes ^[usurpados] en AirDisaster.com