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Provincias de Filipinas

En Filipinas , las provincias ( filipino : lalawigan o probinsiya ) son una de sus principales divisiones políticas y administrativas . En la actualidad, hay 82 provincias, que se subdividen a su vez en ciudades y municipios componentes . Las unidades de gobierno local en la Región de la Capital Nacional , así como las ciudades independientes , son independientes de cualquier gobierno provincial. Cada provincia está gobernada por una legislatura electa llamada Sangguniang Panlalawigan y un gobernador electo .

Las provincias se agrupan en dieciocho regiones en función de sus características geográficas, culturales y etnológicas. Trece de estas regiones se designan numéricamente de norte a sur, mientras que la Región de la Capital Nacional, la Región Administrativa de la Cordillera , la Región del Sudoeste de Tagalog (Mimaropa), la Región de la Isla de Negros y la Región Autónoma de Bangsamoro en el Mindanao Musulmán solo se designan mediante acrónimos.

Cada provincia es miembro de la Liga de Provincias de Filipinas , una organización que tiene como objetivo abordar cuestiones que afectan a las administraciones gubernamentales provinciales y metropolitanas. [1]

Gobierno

Un gobierno provincial es autónomo respecto de las demás provincias de la república. Cada provincia está gobernada por dos poderes electos principales: el ejecutivo y el legislativo. Los asuntos judiciales están separados del gobierno provincial y son administrados por la Corte Suprema de Filipinas . Cada provincia tiene al menos una rama de un Tribunal de Primera Instancia Regional .

Ejecutivo

El gobernador provincial es el jefe ejecutivo y jefe de cada provincia. Los gobernadores provinciales son elegidos por un período de tres años y están limitados a tres mandatos consecutivos y nombran a los directores de cada departamento provincial, que incluyen la oficina de administración, la oficina de ingeniería, la oficina de información, la oficina jurídica y la oficina del tesoro.

Legislativo

El vicegobernador actúa como presidente de cada Sangguniang Panlalawigan ( SP ; "Junta Provincial"), el órgano legislativo de la provincia. Cada SP está compuesto por miembros elegidos regularmente de los distritos provinciales, así como por miembros ex officio . El número de miembros elegidos regularmente del SP asignado a cada provincia está determinado por su clase de ingresos. Las provincias de primera y segunda clase cuentan con diez miembros regulares del SP; las provincias de tercera y cuarta clase tienen ocho, mientras que las provincias de quinta y sexta clase tienen seis. Las excepciones son las provincias con más de cinco distritos electorales, como Cavite con 16 miembros del SP elegidos regularmente, y Cebú , Negros Occidental y Pangasinan, que tienen doce cada una.

Cada SP tiene asientos designados para miembros ex officio , otorgados a los respectivos presidentes locales de la Asociación de Capitanes de Barangay (ABC), la Liga de Consejeros de Filipinas (PCL) y Sangguniang Kabataan ( SK ; "Consejo de la Juventud").

El vicegobernador y los miembros titulares de un SP son elegidos por los votantes de la provincia. Los miembros ex officio son elegidos por los miembros de sus respectivas organizaciones.

Relación con otros niveles de gobierno

Gobierno nacional

La Constitución filipina limita la intromisión nacional en los asuntos de cada gobierno provincial. Sin embargo, el Presidente de Filipinas se coordina con los administradores provinciales a través del Departamento del Interior y Gobierno Local . A los efectos de la representación nacional, cada provincia tiene garantizado su propio distrito congresual . Un representante del Congreso representa a cada distrito en la Cámara de Representantes . La representación senatorial se elige por mayoría simple y no se distribuye a través de distritos territoriales.

Ciudades y municipios

Las ciudades clasificadas como "altamente urbanizadas" o "componentes independientes" son independientes de la provincia, como se establece en la Sección 29 del Código de Gobierno Local de 1991. [2] Aunque dicha ciudad es una entidad autónoma de segundo nivel, en muchos casos se la suele presentar como parte de la provincia en la que está ubicada geográficamente, o en el caso de la ciudad de Zamboanga , la provincia de la que formó parte por última vez, la representación en el Congreso de .

Las unidades de gobierno local clasificadas como ciudades y municipios "componentes" están bajo la jurisdicción del gobierno provincial. Para garantizar que todos los gobiernos municipales o de ciudades componentes actúen dentro del alcance de sus poderes y funciones prescritos, el Código de Gobierno Local ordena al gobernador provincial que revise las órdenes ejecutivas emitidas por los alcaldes, y al Sangguniang Panlalawigan que revise la legislación del Sangguniang Panlungsod (Consejo Municipal) o del Sangguniang Bayan (Consejo Municipal) de todas las ciudades y municipios componentes bajo la jurisdicción de la provincia. [2]

Barangayes

El gobierno provincial no tiene relaciones directas con los barangays individuales. La supervisión del gobierno de un barangay es competencia del alcalde y del Sanggunian de la ciudad o municipio del que forma parte el barangay en cuestión. [2]

Clasificación

Provincias según clasificación de ingresos.

Las provincias se clasifican según el ingreso anual promedio basado en los 4 años calendario anteriores. A partir del 29 de julio de 2008, los umbrales para las clases de ingresos de las ciudades son: [3] [ necesita actualización ]

La clase de ingresos de una provincia determina el tamaño de la membresía de su Sangguniang Panlalawigan , y también cuánto puede gastar en ciertos artículos o adquirir a través de ciertos medios. [2]

Lista

Antiguas provincias

Etimologías

Historia

Cronología

Cuando Estados Unidos adquirió las Filipinas de España en 1898, las islas se dividieron en cuatro gobiernos , que a su vez se subdividieron en provincias y distritos. La administración estadounidense inicialmente heredó las divisiones españolas y las puso bajo un gobierno militar. A medida que se pacificaban las insurgencias, se fue organizando gradualmente un gobierno civil.

1900–1901
1902
1903
1905
1906–1907
1908–1919
1920
1923–1939
1942
1945–1956
1959
1960–1969
1971–1998
2001-presente

Galería

Provincias formalmente propuestas o renombradas

Provincias propuestas con ley promulgada

Mapa de Filipinas que muestra las provincias propuestas

Rechazado en plebiscito

Provincias propuestas actualmente en el 19° Congreso

Otras provincias propuestas

Proposed renaming

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Provisions of this order only apply for the duration of the Japanese occupation; revoked after the restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945.

References

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  98. ^ "Act No. 1413 – An Act Annexing the Province of Masbate to the Province of Sorsogon, and Amending Act Numbered Seventy-four, as Amended by Making the Provinces of Albay and Sorsogon Separate School Divisions, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. November 23, 1905. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  99. ^ "Act No. 1642 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of Two Subprovinoes to Be Known as the Subprovince of Kalinga and the Subprovince of Apayao". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 9, 1907. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  100. ^ "Act No. 1665 – An Act to Annex the Province of Romblon to the Province of Capiz". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 2, 1907. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  101. ^ "Act No. 1649 – An Act Declaring All of the Territory Comprised in the Island of Marinduque a Subprovince of Tayabas, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 17, 1907. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  102. ^ "Act No. 1693 – An Act Creating the Province of Agusan and the Sub-provinces of Butuan, Bukidnon and Batanes, Empowering the Provincial Board of Cagayan to Apply the Provisions of "the Township Government Act" to the Municipalities and Settlements of the Babuyanes Islands, and Providing That the Salaries of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Sub-province of Apayao and of Any Duly Authorized Employees of Said Sub-province Shall Be Payable From Insular Funds". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 20, 1907. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  103. ^ "Act No. 1753 – An Act Declaring All of the Territory Comprised in the Island of Siquijor a Subprovince of Oriental Negros, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. October 8, 1907. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  104. ^ "Act No. 1876 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Province to Be Known as the Mountain Province, for the Establishment of a Prison at Bontoc for Non-Christian Criminals, Changing the Boundaries of the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Amending Act Numbered Eight Hundred and Sixty-seven, as Amended, by Changing the Boundaries of the Mountain Judicial District and the Times and Places of Holding Courts of First Instance in the Said District, Providing for Participation by the Mountain Province in the Distribution of Internal-revenue Collections, and Repealing All Acts or Parts of Acts Inconsistent with This Act". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 18, 1908. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  105. ^ "Act No. 1952 – An Act to Provide for the Establishment of the Province of Batanes; to Amend Paragraph Seven of Section Sixty-eight of Act Numbered Eleven Hundred and Eighty-nine in Certain Particulars; to Authorize the Provincial Board of the Province of Batanes, with the Approval of the Governor-General, to Extend the Time for the Payment Without Penalty of Taxes and Licenses; to Amend Section Five of Act Numbered Fifteen Hundred and Eighty-two, Entitled "the Election Law," by Increasing the Number of Delegates to the Philippine Assembly to Eighty-one, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. May 20, 1909. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  106. ^ "Act No. 2309 – An Act Changing the Name of the Moro Province to the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, Placing the Province of Agusan Under the Jurisdiction and Control of the Governor of the Said Department, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. December 20, 1913. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  107. ^ "Act No. 2408 – An Act Providing a Temporary Form of Government for the Territory Known as the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, Making Applicable Thereto, with Certain Exceptions, the Provisions of General Laws Now in Force in the Philippine Islands, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 23, 1914. Archived from the original on June 13, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  108. ^ "Act No. 2683 – An Act to Authorize the Segregation of the Subprovince of Abra From the Province of Ilocos Sur and the Reestablishment of the Former Province of Abra, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. March 9, 1917. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
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  110. ^ "Act No. 2809 – An Act to Authorize the Segregation of Camarines Norte From the Province of Ambos Camarines and Re-establishment of the Former Province of Camarines Norte, and for Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. March 3, 1919. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
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  120. ^ SEC. 2. Subprovinces abolished.—The subprovinces and their governments are hereby abolished and their territories annexed to the provinces to which they belong."[119]
  121. ^ "Pursuant to the authority conferred upon me as Head of the Central Administrative Organization by Order No. 1 in connection with Order No. 3 of the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines and upon the recommendation of the Executive Commission it is hereby ordered that—
    1. The Province of Batanes is abolished and the comprising the same as well as the territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province Cagayan.
    2. The municipalities of Baler and Casiguran, Province of Tayabas, and the territories thereof are segregated from said province and shall be annexed to the Province of Nueva Ecija.
    3. The municipality of Infanta, Province of Tayabas, and the territory thereof are segregated from province and shall be annexed to the Province of Laguna.
    4. The Province of Marinduque is abolished and municipalities comprising the same as well as territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province of Tayabas.
    5. The Province of Romblon is abolished and the municipalities comprising the same as well the territory thereof shall be annexed to the of Capiz."[119]
  122. ^ "Pursuant to the authority conferred upon me by Order No. 1 in connection with Order No. 3 of the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines and upon the recommendation of the Executive Commission it is hereby ordered that—
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