The Order of the Yugoslav Star[a] was the highest national order of merit awarded in Yugoslavia.[1] It was divided into four classes. The highest class, the Yugoslav Great Star was the highest state decoration awarded in Yugoslavia. The order was mostly awarded to foreign heads of state for the development and strengthening of peace and cooperation between nations.
The Order of the Yugoslav Star was also the second highest order of merit in Serbia and Montenegro.
History
Order of the Yugoslav Star was founded by the President of YugoslaviaJosip Broz Tito on 1 February 1954 and had four classes.[2] The highest class, Yugoslav Great Star, was intended for foreign heads of state "for outstanding merits in developing and consolidating peaceful and friendly cooperation between two countries."[3] The first such order was presented to the Emperor of EthiopiaHaile Selassie.
Law on Decorations was amended on 1 March 1961, so from then on, the Order had these classes:
Yugoslav Great Star — highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Star with Sash (before 1961 Order of the Yugoslav Star, I Class) — 6th highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Star with Golden Wreath (before 1961 Order of the Yugoslav Star, II Class) — 14th highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Star on Cravat (before 1961 Order of the Yugoslav Star, III Class) — 24th highest decoration in SFR Yugoslavia
In 1972, the Law on Decorations was amended again, so that the Yugoslav Great Star could be now awarded not only to heads of states, but also to Yugoslav citizens for "revolutionary work and meritorious service in the development of SFRY, for developing and strengthening the consciousness of our citizens in the fight for the development of socialism, for the freedom and independence of our country, as well as for an extremely valuable contribution to strengthening peaceful cooperation and friendly relations between SFRY and other countries."[4]
After the Breakup of Yugoslavia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (and later Serbia and Montenegro) continued to use some of the decorations of former Yugoslavia, among them Order of the Yugoslav Star.[2] The new Law on Decorations was adopted in December 1998.[5][6] The Law of 1998 made a distinction between the Order of the Yugoslav Great Star (single class) and the Order of the Yugoslav Star (three classes).[7] In the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Order of the Yugoslav Great Star was the second highest order after the Order of Yugoslavia.[8] The design of the insignia was not changed.[9][10]
Recipients of the Great Star
The Order was usually awarded to foreign heads of state and other distinguished foreigners who visited Yugoslavia. Up to 1985, the Yugoslav Great Star was awarded 127 times of which 115 to foreigners and 12 to Yugoslav citizens.[11]Muammar Gaddafi is the only person to be awarded the Great Star twice.
^Croatian: Orden jugoslavenske zvijezde; Serbian: Орден југословенске звезде, Orden jugoslovenske zvezde; Slovene: Red jugoslovanske zvezde; Macedonian: Орден на југословенската ѕвезда, Orden na jugoslovenskata zvezda
^Borba reported that Ngouabi was awarded the Order of the Yugosal Great Star, but his name cannot be found in the Official Gazette (Službeni list SFRJ).
^A Decree was published in the Official Gazette (Službeni list SFRJ) on awarding the Order of the Yugogoslav Great Star to Anwar Sadat. Tito was planned to visit Egypt in January 1977 and to present the order to Sadat during the visit. But, the visit was canceled,[104] and the two never met again. It is not known whether the order was ever presented to Sadat.
References
^Orders and Decorations of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1945-90 by Lukasz Gaszewski 2000, 2003
^ a bStandard magazin: Srbija ponovo deli odlikovanja Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, br.133, 05.12.2008. (in Serbian)
^"Нови Орден југословенске велике звезде". Borba. 19 (34): 2. 10 February 1954.
^"Закон о штампи - по редовном поступку". Borba. 51 (59): 6–7. 1 March 1972.
^"Одличја у духу традиције". Borba. 76 (331): 3. 27 November 1998.
^"Уведено и ордење југословенских великана". Borba. LXXVI (339–340): 7. 5 December 1998.
^ZAKON O ODLIKOVANjIMA SAVEZNE REPUBLIKE JUGOSLAVIJE (Objavljen u "Sl. listu SRJ", br. 59 od 4. decembra 1998; 21/01)
^Orders and Decorations of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1990- by Lukasz Gaszewski 2000, 2003
^"Одлука о опису знакова одликовања Савезне Републике Југославије и њихових минијатура, као и начину њиховог ношења". Службени лист Савезне Републике Југославије. VIII (42): 1–3. 18 June 1999.
^"Одлука о опису знакова одликовања Савезне републике Југославије и њихових минијатура, као и начину њиховог ношења". Службени лист Савезне Републике Југославије. IX (36): 1–9. 4 August 2000.
^Samler.ru: Order of the Yugoslav Grand Star (in Russian)Archive
^Beštak–Bihać, B. (1974). "Orden jugoslavenske zvijezde". Numizmatičke vijesti (32).
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^Kosova Crisis Center: Gaddafi Given Yugoslavia's Top Medal By Milosevic Archived 2011-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, October 26, 1999 06:22 AM EDT
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^"Milošević uručio Li Pengu orden velike jugoslovenske zvezde" [Milosevic awarded the order of the Great Yugoslav Star to Li Peng]. B92. 12 June 2000. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
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^"Rumunija podržava SCG". NOVOSTI (in Serbian). Retrieved 2023-07-27.