stringtranslate.com

Lista de insultos étnicos

La siguiente es una lista de insultos étnicos , etnofaulismos o epítetos étnicos que se utilizan o se han utilizado como insinuaciones o acusaciones sobre miembros de un determinado grupo étnico , nacional o racial o para referirse a ellos de manera despectiva, peyorativa o insultante .

Algunos de los términos que se enumeran a continuación (como "gringo", "yank", etc.) se pueden utilizar en el lenguaje informal sin intención de ofender. La connotación de un término y la prevalencia de su uso como descriptor peyorativo o neutral varía con el tiempo y según la geografía.

A los efectos de esta lista, un insulto étnico es un término diseñado para insultar a otras personas por motivos de raza , etnia o nacionalidad . Cada término se enumera seguido de su país o región de uso, una definición y una referencia a ese término.

Los insultos étnicos también pueden producirse como epíteto racial al combinar un insulto de uso general con el nombre de la etnia, como "judío sucio" o "cerdo ruso". Otros calificativos insultantes comunes incluyen "perro" y "sucio"; dichos términos no están incluidos en esta lista.

A

B

do

D

mi

F

GRAMO

yo

I

Yo

K

yo

METRO

norte

Oh

PAG

Q

R

S

yo

V

Yo

incógnita

Y

Z

See also

References

  1. ^ Spears (2001), p. 1.
  2. ^ Woo, Emma (2008). Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7864-3877-8. Retrieved 15 July 2013. [Translated Electronically] Not surprisingly, Chinese Americans who do not speak Chinese may be told that they are 'not really Chinese'. This message is found in the term ABC which stands for 'American-born Chinese'. It implies that the native-born who cannot speak Chinese has either rejected or lost his Chinese heritage. Yet many native-born Chinese Americans cheerfully use for themselves.
  3. ^ Radhakrishnan, Rajagopalan (24 February 2006). "Diaspora, Hybridity, Pedagogy". In Ghosh-Schellhorn, Martina; Alexander, Vera (eds.). Peripheral Centres, Central Peripheries: India and Its Diaspora(s). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 116. ISBN 978-3-8258-9210-4. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  4. ^ Kanigel, Rachele (14 January 2019). The Diversity Style Guide. John Wiley & Sons. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-119-05515-0. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  5. ^ Deng, Francis. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. p. 409.
  6. ^ Zia, Helen (2001). Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People. Macmillan. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-374-52736-5. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  7. ^ Moore (2004), p. 3, "abo"
  8. ^ Green (2005), p. 10, 1003
  9. ^ Poteet, Jim; Poteet, Lewis (1992). Car & Motorcycle Slang. iUniverse. p. 14, Afro engineering. ISBN 978-0-595-01080-6.
  10. ^ "Where do you stand in racist Hong Kong? Here's something to chew over". South China Morning Post. 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  11. ^ Tripp, Elise Forbes. Surviving Iraq: Soldiers' Stories. Interlink Publishing. p. 22.
  12. ^ Spears (2001), p. 6.
  13. ^ Herbst (1997), p. 8.
  14. ^ "Kako naživcirati Europljane? Hrvate će naljutiti izjava da su južni Srbi, a Srbe da je Tesla Hrvat" Archived 7 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine
    "How to annoy Europeans? Croats will be angered by the statement that they are southern Serbs, and Serbs that Tesla is a Croat". RTL.hr. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020 – via Google Translate.
  15. ^ Dikeni, Sandile (6 November 2019). "HOW THE WEST WAS LOST". Chimurenga. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  16. ^ Khambhaita, Priya; Willis, Rosalind (2018). "British-born Indian second-generation 'return' to India". In Leonard, Pauline; Walsh, Katie (eds.). British Migration: Privilege, Diversity and Vulnerability. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315537016-7. ISBN 978-1-134-99255-3. S2CID 199289305. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  17. ^ Rawson (1989), p. 19
  18. ^ Smitherman, Geneva (1986). Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America. Wayne State University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8143-1805-8. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  19. ^ Sue Peabody (30 June 2003). The Color of Liberty: Histories of Race in France. Duke University Press. pp. 188–. ISBN 978-0-8223-3117-9. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  20. ^ Martin Scott Catino (May 2010). The Aggressors: Ho Chi Minh, North Vietnam, and the Communist Bloc. Dog Ear Publishing. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-1-60844-530-1. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  21. ^ Baker, Katie (24 September 2013). "Searching for Madame Nhu". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  22. ^ Bradley, James (30 May 2013). "The ape insult: a short history of a racist idea". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  23. ^ a b Spears (2001), p. 10.
  24. ^ Green (2005), p. 29
  25. ^ וייס, אבי כהן ואפרת (16 June 2009). "השר אהרונוביץ' לסוכן מלוכלך: "ערבוש אמיתי" – חדשות" [Minister of Public Security apologizes for using the offensive term 'Arabush']. Ynet (in Hebrew). Y-net News. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  26. ^ "Radar". Pagina12.com.ar. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  27. ^ Dalton, C.H. (27 December 2007). A Practical Guide to Racism. Gotham Books. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-59240-348-6. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  28. ^ Samkian, Artineh (2007). Constructing Identities, Perceiving Lives: Armenian High School Students' Perceptions of Identity and Education. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-549-48257-4. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  29. ^ Stefanie, Christie (3 November 2018). "Di Acara Relawan, Jokowi Bantah Jadi Antek Asing dan Aseng" (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  30. ^ "The Ashkenazi haters are an existential danger to the State of Israel", says Nathan Zehavi Archived 31 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Maariv website (in Hebrew)
  31. ^ "The Language Front: 'You're a Nazi!'", by language expert Rubik Rosental Archived 31 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, NRG website (in Hebrew)
  32. ^ Leshem, Eitan (1 October 2021). "A Popular New Curse Word in Israel: 'Ashkenazi'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  33. ^ Green (2005), pp. 41–42
  34. ^ a b c d Plath, Oreste (1979). Folklore chileno (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Nascimiento. pp. 58–59.
  35. ^ a b Magalhães, Guilherme; Faria, Flávia (23 July 2019). "Termo 'paraíba' usado por Bolsonaro reflete preconceito ao Nordeste, e cabe punição". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  36. ^ DH.be. "Bamboula, rentre chez toi, sale nègre" (in French). Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  37. ^ "Banaan etymology" Etymologeek, https://etymologeek.com/nld/banaan Archived 7 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 7 Mar. 2023.
  38. ^ Mulasmajic, Nusret (2011). Bosnian-English Dictionary: Turcisms, Colloquialisms, Islamic Words and Expressions. AuthorHouse. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4634-0179-5. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  39. ^ Graham, Florence (2015). Turkish loanwords in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian and Bulgarian Franciscan texts (Thesis). University of Oxford. p. 232. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  40. ^ a b Nagayama Hall, Gordon C. (2018). Multicultural Psychology: Third Edition (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-99080-1. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.[page needed]
  41. ^ a b c Tu, Dawn Lee (2011). "'Twinkie,' 'Banana,' 'Coconut'". In Lee, Jonathan H.X.; Nadeau, Kathleen M. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Asian American folklore and folklife. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  42. ^ Fyłypec, Olga (6 November 2020). "Jak studenci nazywają Ukraińca i Polaka (na materiale danych ankietowych z ośmiu polskich uniwersytetów)" (PDF). Słowo. Studia językoznawcze (11): 100. ISSN 2082-6931. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  43. ^ Czechowski, Paweł. "UPA jak AK? Mitologizacja banderowców na Ukrainie". histmag.org. Archived from the original on 21 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  44. ^ Rossolinski, Grzegorz (2014). Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist: Fascism, Genocide, and Cult. Columbia University Press. pp. 112, 234–235, 236. ISBN 978-3-8382-6684-8. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2023. The OUN-B organized a militia, which both collaborated with the Germans and killed Jews independently....Because the term "Banderites" was colloquial rather than official, and because of the violence employed by OUN-B, the term soon acquired a negative connotation, especially among Jews and Poles. (page 159)...The survivors of these attacks frequently described the perpetrators as "Banderites" and considered them to be Ukrainian nationalists.(page 241)...Two years later however, the word "Banderites" was known to everyone in western Ukraine and was frequently used to describe the OUN-B activists, UPA partisans, and apparently, other Ukrainian perpetrators (page 248)...The term "Banderites" had appeared in Soviet secret documents for the first time in late 1940 ... (page 249)
  45. ^ Wylegała, Anna; Głowacka-Grajper, Małgorzata (11 February 2020). The Burden of the Past: History, Memory, and Identity in Contemporary Ukraine. Indiana University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-253-04673-4. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  46. ^ Fedor, Julie (5 January 2016). Journal of Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society: 2015/2: Double Special Issue: Back from Afghanistan: The Experiences of Soviet Afghan War Veterans and: Martyrdom & Memory in Post-Socialist Space. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-3-8382-6806-4.
  47. ^ Portnov, Andrii (22 June 2016). "Bandera mythologies and their traps for Ukraine". openDemocracy. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022. The common noun "Banderivtsi" ("Banderites") emerged around this time, and it was used to designate all Ukrainian nationalists, but also, on occasion, western Ukrainians or even any person who spoke Ukrainian. Even today, the term "Banderivtsi" in public debate is never neutral — it can be used pejoratively or proudly.
  48. ^ Amy Chua, Jed Rubenfeld (2014). The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America. Penguin Press HC. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-59420-546-0.
  49. ^ Booth, William (28 September 2005). "The Mouth of Mencia". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  50. ^ Soto, Hiram (1 September 2005). "San Diego's top Latino cop retires". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  51. ^ Sutherland, John (31 July 2000). "You are what you eat ... arguably". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  52. ^ "ein Bimbo - Redensarten-Index". www.redensarten-index.de. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  53. ^ Laufs, Stefanie (October 2013). Fighting a Movie with Lightning: "The Birth of a Nation" and the Black Community. Diplomica Verlag. p. 56. ISBN 978-3-95489-151-1.
  54. ^ "blackie". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  55. ^ Thomas, Hedley (20 March 2010). ""Operation Blue Gum" for Barack Obama Gets the Chainsaw". The Australian. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  56. ^ Buffum, Douglas L. (1916). "Origin of the Word "Boche"". Current History. 4 (3): 525. doi:10.1525/curh.1916.4.3.525. ISSN 0011-3530. S2CID 251529838. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  57. ^ The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories. Merriam-Webster. 1 January 1991. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-87779-603-9. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  58. ^ Hope, Christopher (9 November 1996). "Books: Hairybacks and white kaffirs". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 June 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014. whenever English speakers objected to living in a racial zoo designed to protect the mythical purity of Afrikaner nationalists, they were accused by their masters of giving way to Boerehaat (hatred of the Boers)
  59. ^ HAT. Johannesburg: Perskor. 2000. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-628-03769-5. Someone who hates Afrikaners and tries to harm or prejudice them
  60. ^ du Preez, Max (2004). Pale Native: Memories of a Renegade Reporter. Cape Town: Zebra Press. p. 65,143. ISBN 978-1-86872-913-5. Retrieved 13 June 2014. a Boerehater, someone who hated Afrikaners
  61. ^ Power, Bairbre (5 October 1998). "Fur flies as clothes king sneers at 'bog' Irish". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  62. ^ Benson, Marius. "A life more ordinary". Expatica. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  63. ^ a b c d Plath, Oreste (1979). Folklore chileno (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Nascimiento. pp. 60–61.
  64. ^ "Bohunk". Fourth Edition. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 2000. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  65. ^ "Indian Slangs and Terms". Learningindia.in. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  66. ^ Lang, John Dunmore (1847). Cooksland in North-eastern Australia: The Future Cottonfield of Great Britain: Its Characteristics and Capabilities for European Colonization. With a Disquisition on the Origin, Manners, and Customs of the Aborigines. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. p. 430. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  67. ^ W. S. Ramson, ed. (1988). Australian National Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554736-5.
  68. ^ Moore (2004), "boong"
  69. ^ Wilkes (1978), p. 62
  70. ^ Ludowyk, Frederick (October 2004). "Aussie Words: Of Billy, Bong, Bung, & 'Billybong'" (PDF). Ozwords. 11 (2). Australian National Dictionary Centre: 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024 – via Australian National University. Also here
  71. ^ "boonga" Deverson, Tony; Kennedy, Graeme D., eds. (2004). The New Zealand Oxford dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-558451-6.
  72. ^ "Boonga definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". Collinsdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  73. ^ Green (2005), p. 161
  74. ^ "Définition de Bougnoule". Cnrtl.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  75. ^ Younge, Gary (30 March 2002). "Don't blame Uncle Tom". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
  76. ^ Brubaker, Rogers (2006). Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton University Press. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-691-12834-4. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  77. ^ "Brillo pad". Dictionary of American slang (4. ed.). New York, NY: Collins. 2007. ISBN 978-0-06-117646-3.
  78. ^ Green (2005), p. 188
  79. ^ Anderson, JAMES (6 May 2021). "Colorado GOP lawmaker who used racist term is reprimanded". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  80. ^ Dareh Gregorian (7 May 2021). "Colorado GOP lawmaker reprimanded after calling colleague 'Buckwheat'". NBC News. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  81. ^ Herbst (1997), p. 40.
  82. ^ Niiya, Brian, ed. (October 1993). Japanese American History: an A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-8160-2680-7. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  83. ^ "Buckra". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
  84. ^ Садоўскі, Пётра (10 March 2012). "Таварныя знакі і нацыянальныя пачуцьці". Arche. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  85. ^ "Kodėl baltarusiai vadinami bulbašiais" [Why belarusians are called bulbashy]. culturehatti.com (in Lithuanian).
  86. ^ Fechter, Anne-Meike (July 2003). "Don't Call Me bule! Or how expatriates experience a word". Expat.or.id. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  87. ^ Lacuata, Rose Carmelle (24 January 2018). "Why Pinoys call Indians 'Bumbay'—and other Indian stereotypes". ABS CBN News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  88. ^ Green (2005), p. 216
  89. ^ "bushy". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  90. ^ Susan R. Friedland (2008). Food and Morality: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2007. Oxford Symposium. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-903018-59-0.
  91. ^ Keith Allan; Kate Burridge (5 October 2006). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-139-45760-6.
  92. ^ Cassidy, Frederic (1991). Dictionary of American Regional English. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-674-20519-2.
  93. ^ Pollard, Trey (25 July 2008). "Landham reiterates anti-Arab sentiment on talk show: 'I said no Arabs into this country'". Politicker. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
  94. ^ "Libertarians drop Sonny Landham". Independent Political Report. 28 July 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
  95. ^ Dias Lopes (14 November 2012). "A mão culinária do carcamano". O Estado de S. Paulo. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  96. ^ Kasschau, Anne; Eguchi, Susumu (8 December 2015). Using Japanese Slang: This Japanese Phrasebook, Dictionary and Language Guide Gives You Everything You Need To Speak Like a Native!. Tuttle Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4629-1095-3. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  97. ^ Taubman, Howard (24 April 1964). "Theater: 'Blues for Mister Charlie'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  98. ^ "The Language of War, on the American Experience/Vietnam Online". PBS. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  99. ^ Cerasini, Marc (2002). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the United States Special Ops Forces. Penguin. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-02-864373-1. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  100. ^ Peavey, Robert E. Praying for Slack: A Marine Corps Tank Commander in Viet Nam. Zenith Imprint. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-61673-745-0. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  101. ^ "MPR: Finland Was a Poor Country". News.minnesota.publicradio.org. 10 June 1997. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  102. ^ Nybergh, Thomas (27 September 2015). "How Finnish immigrants battled racism to help build America". Inktank.fi. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  103. ^ Hotten, John Camden (1870). The Slang Dictionary; Or, The Vulgar Words, Street Phrases, and "fast" Expressions of High and Low Society: Many with Their Etymology and a Few with Their History Traced. London: J.C. Hotten. p. 98. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  104. ^ Younge, Gary; Henley, Jon (11 February 2003). "Wimps, weasels and monkeys – the United States media view of 'perfidious France'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  105. ^ "Kdo je čefur?". Mladina.si. 26 March 2009. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  106. ^ a b Ocampo, Ambeth R. (19 August 2020). "Reclaiming 'Intsik'". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  107. ^ Wolff, John U. (1972). A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. New York: Southeast Asia Program of Cornell University & Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  108. ^ Dadaev, alanbek (19 April 2013). "How To Spot A Chechen". Exiledonline.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  109. ^ a b Helen M. Faller (2011). Nation, Language, Islam: Tatarstan's Sovereignty Movement. Central European University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-963-9776-84-5.
  110. ^ Henderson, William Darryl (February 1985). Cohesion, the human element in combat: leadership and societal influence in the armies of the Soviet Union, the United States, North Vietnam, and Israel. DIANE Publishing. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-1-4289-8208-6. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  111. ^ Drake, Paul W. (August 2003), "Citizenship, Labour Markets, and Democratization: Chile and the Modern Sequence" (PDF), Hispanic American Historical Review, 83 (3): 604–605, doi:10.1215/00182168-83-3-604, S2CID 154285881, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 28 May 2017, lingering racial stereotypes and derogatory terms (chilote) hindered full assimilation
  112. ^ "Peak of Controversy – A resident of Calgary, wrote to the Minister of Community Development strongly objecting to the name Chinaman's Peak". Archived from the original on 23 May 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  113. ^ "Asian Leaders Angered by Rosie O'Donnell's 'Ching Chong' Comments". FOXNews.com. 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  114. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "Chinky"
  115. ^ a b Golmei, Alana (16 May 2017). "Let's talk about racism | Don't call us 'chinky, momo, chowmein,' says a Northeastern woman". hindustantimes. HT Media Limited. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  116. ^ Samson, Kamei (20 June 2017). "North-east and Chinky: Countenances of Racism in India". The Journal of Development Practice. 3. ISSN 2394-0476. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  117. ^ Fontes, Lisa Aronson (23 May 2008). Interviewing Clients across Cultures: A Practitioner's Guide. Guilford Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-60623-405-1. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  118. ^ Prentiss, Craig R. Religion and the Creation of Race and Ethnicity: An Introduction. NYU Press. p. 142.
  119. ^ F. Sternberg, Larry. Why Jews Should Not Be Liberals. Pelican Publishing. p. 67.
  120. ^ Dilichi Onuzo (17 July 2012). "Is choc ice the new N-word?" Archived 6 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  121. ^ "Rio Ferdinand fined for Ashley Cole 'choc ice' tweet". BBC Sport. 17 August 2012. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  122. ^ "cholo". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  123. ^ "cholo". Random House Dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
  124. ^ Hendrickson, Robert (2000). The Facts on File Dictionary of American Regionalisms. Infobase. ISBN 978-1-4381-2992-1.
  125. ^ Rodríguez González, Félix (1 January 1996). Spanish Loanwords in the English Language: A Tendency Towards Hegemony Reversal. Walter de Gruyter. p. 113. ISBN 978-3-11-014845-9. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  126. ^ "cholo, -a". «Diccionario de la lengua española» – Edición del Tricentenario (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  127. ^ 小林, 健治 (2011). 「『バカチョン』『チョン』という言葉」『差別語・不快語』にんげん出版〈ウェブ連動式 管理職検定02〉 (in Japanese). にんげん出版. ISBN 978-4-931344-31-0.
  128. ^ Green, Jonathon (2008). "Chow". Chambers slang dictionary. Chambers. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-550-10439-7.
  129. ^ Ayto, John (1999). "Chow". The Oxford dictionary of slang. Oxford University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-19-280104-3.
  130. ^ "Слово Чечмек (Чучмек)" [The word Chechmek (Chuchmek)] (in Russian). Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет — Институт филологии, массовой информации и психологии (Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University — Institute for Philology, Mass Information and Psychology). Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  131. ^ Gradie, Charlotte M. (July 1994). "Discovering the Chichimecas". The Americas. 51 (1). Cambridge University Press: 68. doi:10.2307/1008356. JSTOR 1008356. S2CID 145002405.
  132. ^ Warman v. Beaumont, CHRT (Canadian Human Rights Commission 2007) ("I haven't seen the new $50 bills, but the $20s and $100s I have seen. I have talked with a few people about them (who aren't WN) but they don't like the fact that there is native stuff on the bills. I mean, who wants to pay for something and be reminded of a chug? Not me!").
  133. ^ Mack, Glenn Randall; Surina, Asele (2005). Food Culture in Russia and Central Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-313-32773-5. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  134. ^ Bakich, Olga (2015). Valerii Pereleshin: The Life of a Silkworm. University of Toronto Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-4426-4892-0. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  135. ^ a b И, Даль В. (10 November 2014). Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка (in Russian). Directmedia. p. 7415. ISBN 978-5-4475-0719-0. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  136. ^ Garapich, Michal (26 July 2016). London's Polish Borders: Transnationalizing Class and Ethnicity among Polish Migrants in London. ibidem-Verlag. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-8382-6607-7. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  137. ^ ""Ci cholerni ciapaci". Gdyby polscy rasiści wiedzieli, skąd wzięło się słowo "ciapaty", raczej nigdy by go nie użyli". naTemat.pl (in Polish). 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  138. ^ Magyar etymologiai szótár: lexicon critico-etymologicum linguae Hungaricae, A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia megbizásából, Volumes 1–5, Page: 251 (1930)
  139. ^ Magyar etymologiai szótár: lexicon critico-etymologicum linguae Hungaricae, A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia megbizásából, Volumes 1–5, Page: 252 (1930)
  140. ^ "Dexonline". Dexonline.ro. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  141. ^ Rastika, Icha (19 March 2014). "Presiden SBY Ganti Istilah "China" Menjadi "Tionghoa"" [President SBY changes term "China" into "Tionghoa"]. Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Jakarta. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  142. ^ Lim, Hermanto; Mead, David (2011). Chinese in Indonesia: A Background Study (PDF) (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. SIL International. p. 5. 2011-028. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  143. ^ López-Rodríguez, Irene (2014). "Are We What We Eat? Food Metaphors in the Conceptualization of Ethnic Groups". Linguistik Online. 69 (7): 21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.997.9717. doi:10.13092/lo.69.1655. ISSN 1615-3014.
  144. ^ "Many Asians 'do not feel British'". BBC. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  145. ^ Coleman, Clive (29 June 2010). "The rules of speech crime". BBC. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  146. ^ Muir, High (29 June 2010). "Hideously diverse Britain: Understanding the 'coconut' row". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  147. ^ Orsman, H. W. (1999). The Dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-558347-2.
  148. ^ "Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  149. ^ Bayor, Ronald H. (31 July 2011). Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans. Vol. 2. Greenwood. p. 882. ISBN 978-0-313-35786-2. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  150. ^ "Van Jones on being called a 'sellout': 'I'm more worried about outcomes than outrage'". TheGrio. 27 November 2019. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  151. ^ Staging Race — Karen Sotiropoulos. Harvard University Press. 15 March 2008. ISBN 978-0-674-02760-2. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  152. ^ Harper, Douglas. "coon". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  153. ^ "Slavery in America". Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  154. ^ Hughes, Geoffrey (26 March 2015). An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7656-1231-1. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  155. ^ Nikolaeva, Sardana (2013). ""Not Tainted by the Past": Re-Constructions and Negotiations of Coloured Identities Among University Coloured Students in Post-Apartheid South Africa". ResearchGate. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  156. ^ a b Partridge (2006a), p. 475, Coon
  157. ^ "Coonass". Encyclopedia of Cajun Culture. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  158. ^ "More racism allegations at Curro school". Heart FM. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  159. ^ "Cotton Picking, Cotton Picker". Word Origins. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  160. ^ "The Cape Coloureds are a mix of everything". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  161. ^ Cash W. J. The Mind of the South Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine (Knopf, 1941).
  162. ^ Ste. Claire, Dana (2006). Cracker: Cracker Culture in Florida History. University Press of Florida.
  163. ^ Partridge (2006a), p. 517, Crow
  164. ^ "crucco in Vocabolario – Treccani" (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  165. ^ Dolan, T. P. (2006). "Culchie". A Dictionary of Hiberno-English: The Irish Use of English. Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-4039-8.
  166. ^ Beresford, Jack (12 July 2020). "Irish term 'culchie' may be banned from Scrabble for being 'offensive or derogatory'". The Irish Post. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  167. ^ "Paraguay: por qué a los argentinos les dicen "curepíes"". Infobae (in European Spanish). 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  168. ^ "Diccionario Latinoamericano de la Lengua Española; curepí". National University of Tres de Febrero. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  169. ^ Mallapragada, Madhavi (1 August 2014). Virtual Homelands: Indian Immigrants and Online Cultures in the United States (The Asian American Experience). University of Illinois Press. pp. 28–30. ISBN 978-0-252-08022-7. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  170. ^ Winer, Stuart (23 December 2012). "Israeli boss who mistreated, demeaned Ethiopian-born worker ordered to pay up". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015. Court awards NIS 71,000 in compensation to Awaka Yosef, whose employer cut his salary and called him 'kushi'
  171. ^ "czarnuch". Sjp.pwn.pl (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  172. ^ Oxford Advanced Leaner's English–Chinese Dictionary (published in 1987), p. 292.
  173. ^ It is used in the American film Valkyrie (2008) by the character Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel (portrayed by Kenneth Cranham) who says that some officer should "shoot that dago bastard" (meaning Italian dictator Benito Mussolini)
  174. ^ "HYBRID: "My kids are still called dagoes": historical responses to an irksome racial slur". YouTube.com. 1 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  175. ^ Carabott, Sarah (24 September 2023). "'Animal-like parasites' – How Maltese were treated in Australia before WWII". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023.
  176. ^ Tikekar, Maneesha (1 January 2004). Across the Wagah: An Indian's Sojourn in Pakistan (2 ed.). Promilla. p. 95. ISBN 978-81-85002-34-7. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  177. ^ Team, TobaTabo. "Arti dan Asal Usul Sebutan Dalle Di Tengah Masyarakat Batak". Tobatabo.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  178. ^ Ninna.ID (20 December 2021). "Batak Dalle dan Batak Sejati". Ninna.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  179. ^ a b Siregar, Shohibul Anshor (9 July 2018). "BATAK DALLE". 'nBASIS. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  180. ^ "AskOxford: darky". Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  181. ^ Spears (1990), p. 49.
  182. ^ Rahman, Khaleda (30 March 2024). "Is DEI a racial slur? Rise in term outrages Black Americans". Newsweek. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  183. ^ Warfield, Rafiel Deon (1 August 2024). "The Right Is Trying to Turn "DEI" Into a Slur. Don't Let Them". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  184. ^ "Lies We Told Ourselves About Budhanilkantha School". Madhesi Youth. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  185. ^ "dink". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  186. ^ "Dogan", Barber, [Accessed 7 May 2006].
  187. ^ Gita Rajan; Shailja Sharma (2006). New Cosmopolitanisms: South Asians in the US. Stanford University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-8047-5280-0.
  188. ^ Walton, Mary (1999). Car: A Drama of the American Workplace. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-393-31861-6. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  189. ^ Doane & Bonilla-Silva (2003), p. 124.
  190. ^ a b Herbst (1997), p. 72.
  191. ^ Bruce Kellner, ed. (1984). The Harlem Renaissance: A Historical Dictionary for the Era. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-313-23232-9.
  192. ^ Bownes, Glenn "The Calatas, Cradock... and a Crime Against Humanity." News24, 23 May 2018, https://www.news24.com/life/books/the-calatas-cradock-and-a-crime-against-humanity-20180523 Archived 7 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 7 Mar. 2023.
  193. ^ "Eyetie definition – Dictionaries – ninemsn Encarta". Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  194. ^ Green (2005), p. 481
  195. ^ Dalzell (2018), "Eyetie".
  196. ^ "CNN Asiaweek: How Indonesian Am I?". CNN Asia. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  197. ^ Chee, Harold; West, Chris (2007). "The Chinese are irrationally xenophobic". Myths About Doing Business in China. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 75–84. doi:10.1057/9780230286771_7. ISBN 978-0-230-28677-1.
  198. ^ Bonnet, Robert (2 April 2019). Inspiration. Page Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-64424-110-3. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  199. ^ Lafayette De Mente, Boyé (2000). The Chinese Have a Word for It: The Complete Guide to Chinese Thought and Culture. McGraw-Hill. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-658-01078-1. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  200. ^ "Why "fresh of the boat" is offensive". It's Ok Yaar.
  201. ^ "What "Fresh off the Boat" means to Asian-Americans". Vox.
  202. ^ "ฝรั่งขี้นก คืออะไร แปลภาษา แปลว่า หมายถึง (พจนานุกรมไทย-ไทย ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน)". Dictionary.sanook.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  203. ^ "Police outlaw 'fenians and huns'". BBC. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  204. ^ "Карелия N 42 (21 апреля 2005): КАК ЭТО БЫЛО: Дети фестиваля". 9 September 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  205. ^ "А БЫЛ ЛИ ЧЕРНЫЙ МАЛЬЧИК?". Trud.ru (in Russian). 14 July 2007. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  206. ^ Wieviorka, Michel (21 September 2007). The Lure of Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews in Present-Day France. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 15. ISBN 978-90-474-2183-2. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  207. ^ Roth, Pamo (13 November 2008). "Warum ich das nicht mehr hören will: "Fidschi"". Belltower.News (in German). Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  208. ^ "Studenttorget, Utdanning i Danmark" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  209. ^ Schneiler, Robert J. (2008). Blue & Gold and Black: Racial Integration of the United States Naval Academy. Texas A&M University Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-60344-000-4. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  210. ^ Batya Shimony (2011) On "Holocaust Envy" in Mizrahi Literature, Dapim:Studies on the Holocaust, 25:1, 239-271, DOI: 10.1080/23256249.2011.10744411. Page 241: "Frenk [a pejorative slang term for Mizrahi]"
  211. ^ Grand Dictionnaire (Larousse: 1993) p. 397; Polish Language Dictionary: "Fritz". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  212. ^ Partridge (2006a), p. 805, Fritz
  213. ^ Partridge (2006a), p. 806, Frog
  214. ^ "Why do the French call the British 'the roast beefs'?". BBC News. 3 April 2003. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  215. ^ "żabojad – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia". Sjp.pwn.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  216. ^ "Froschfresser – Schreibung, Definition, Bedeutung, Beispiele". DWDS. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  217. ^ "(TB60ZM7) Travel Bug Dog Tag – Bear-Fuzzy Wuzzy TB". Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  218. ^ ASALE, RAE-. "gabacho, cha". «Diccionario de la lengua española» – Edición del Tricentenario (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  219. ^ "Gabacho". Diccionario del español de México (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  220. ^ a b c d e "Udhëtim nëpër fjalorin e Kosovës". Telegrafi (in Albanian). 19 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  221. ^ Maučec, Gregor (2013). "Identifying and Changing Stereotypes Between Roma and Non-Roma: From Theory to Practice" (PDF). Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences. 6 (3). doi:10.12959/ISSN.1855-0541.IIASS-2013-NO3-ART10. S2CID 15332701. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  222. ^ Hall, Ronald E. The Melanin Millennium: Skin Color as 21st Century International Discourse. Springer Shop. p. 50.
  223. ^ "Galla". Collins English Dictionary. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  224. ^ "Galla". Merriam-Webster. 2021. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  225. ^ "gammat". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  226. ^ "gam". Mzansi Taal - Online Dictionary of Township Lingo. 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  227. ^ Gailīte, Dina (17 May 2005). "Benzīns ugunī – naida kurināšana Latvijā" (in Latvian). Providus. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  228. ^ Rislakki, Jukka (2008). The Case for Latvia: Disinformation Campaigns Against a Small Nation. Rodopi. p. 79. ISBN 978-90-420-2424-3. the common derogatory name Russians call Latvians is gansi, (from the name Hans)
  229. ^ Mārtiņš, Ķibilds (12 March 2018). "Latvijas astronomiskā rusifikācija". Atslēgas (in Latvian). Latvijas Sabiedriskais medijs. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018. Krievu bērni latviešus saUnited Kingdomāja par gansiem jeb hansiem – tātad vāciešiem.
  230. ^ "Dexonline". Dexonline.ro. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  231. ^ "coon". WordReference.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  232. ^ "Does being called 'Ghati' offend Maharashtrians? HC to decide". Hindustan Times. 18 September 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  233. ^ Standard, Business (19 January 2010). "Ghati and the power of taboo words". Business News, Finance News, India News, Assembly Election Results 2024, Stock Markets BSE/NSE News, SENSEX, NIFTY. Retrieved 31 October 2024. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  234. ^ Wilkes (1978), pp. 155–156
  235. ^ de Ullmann, Stephen (December 1947). "Anglicisms in French-Notes on Their Chronology, Range, and Reception". PMLA. 62 (4). Modern Language Association: 1155–1156. doi:10.2307/459155. JSTOR 459155.
  236. ^ Foulsham, Martha; Gunther, G.; Ryan, John S. (1992). "Appendix 1 Godams (Thesis, part 5)". Stand Up the Real Maid: The St Joan Theme in Selected Modern English Language and European Authors (Thesis). p. 231. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  237. ^ "Thatcher axed by BBC's One Show". BBC News. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  238. ^ Seligman, Herbert J., "The Conquest of Haiti", The Nation, 10 July 1920.
  239. ^ "gook". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  240. ^ Pearson, Kim. "Gook". Archived from the original on 15 July 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  241. ^ Iaconis, Rosario A. "Oscars 2019: 'Green Book' shows Hollywood's blatant contempt for Italian-Americans". USA Today. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  242. ^ "Is it still okay to use the word 'gora'?". Asian Image. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  243. ^ Forbes, Duncan (1848). "gora". A Dictionary, Hindustani and English: to which added a revised part, English and Hindustani. Wm. H. Allen, London.
  244. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931). "goro". A Comparative And Etymological Dictionary Of The Nepali Language. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
  245. ^ Gillespie, Marie (4 January 2002). Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-134-86293-1. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  246. ^ Rich, Tracey R. "Jewish Attitudes Toward Non-Jews". Judaism 101. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2015. There is nothing inherently insulting about the word 'goy.' In fact, the Torah occasionally refers to the Jewish people using the term 'goy.' Most notably, in Exodus 19:6, G-d [sic] says that the Children of Israel will be 'a kingdom of priests and a holy nation', that is, a goy kadosh. Because Jews have had so many bad experiences with anti-Semitic non-Jews over the centuries, the term 'goy' has taken on some negative connotations, but in general the term is no more insulting than the word 'gentile.'
  247. ^ Wolfthal, Diane (July 2004). Picturing Yiddish: Gender, Identity, and Memory in the Illustrated Yiddish Books of Renaissance Italy. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 59. ISBN 978-90-04-13905-3. The word goy means literally "nation", but has come to mean "Gentile", sometimes with a derogatory connotation.
  248. ^ Wong, Julian (9 September 2017). "When Exactly Can You Call an Eurasian a 'Grago'?". Rice. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  249. ^ Roediger, David R. (8 August 2006). Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White. Basic Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-465-07073-2. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  250. ^ Hughes, Geoffrey (26 March 2015). An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-317-47678-8. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  251. ^ Roediger, David R. (8 August 2006). Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White. Basic Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-465-07073-2. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  252. ^ Hannah, Bob (22 January 1998). "Ethnic slur was nothing of the sort". Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  253. ^ Que es "gringo" – Significado de "gringo" – que-significa.com Archived 18 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Spanish)
  254. ^ "Gringo". Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House Inc. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
  255. ^ "Gringo". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  256. ^ "gringo footballers in Brazil 2015". Lance Net. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015. The word being used for Hispanic American footballers in Brazil.
  257. ^ "gringo footballers in Brazil 2015 (ESPN)". Lance Net. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015. The word being used for Hispanic American footballers in Brazil.
  258. ^ "Expanded "gringo" limit in Brazilian Championship". 28 July 2014. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015. The word being used by a fan as a synonym of foreigner in the Brazilian Championship.
  259. ^ "turistas gringos". Terra. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2015. The word being used for European and Latin American tourists in Brazil.
  260. ^ "Cameroon gringos". Migra Mundo. Archived from the original on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015. Black immigrants from Cameroon play the "Copa Gringos" in Brazil.
  261. ^ "O 'gringo' azarão que derrubou o PT e vai governar o RS (Veja)". Veja. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2014. The word being used for an italian-brazilian politician.
  262. ^ "An Accused Cop Killer's Politics". Slate. 10 April 2009. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  263. ^ "Mr Gub ... the white man. The word is the diminutive of garbage." Wilkes (1978), p. 167
  264. ^ Meng, Hua (2000). Images of Westerners in Chinese and Japanese Literature. Brill Publishers. p. 25.
  265. ^ Abe, Yasuhito (2017). "Reimagining Riben Guizi: Japanese Tactical Media Performance After the 2010 Senkaku/Diaoyu Boat Collision Incident". International Journal of Communication. 11: 345. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  266. ^ Libby Copeland (6 July 2003). "Strutting Season". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  267. ^ Caryn Brooks, "Italian Americans and the G Word: Embrace or Reject?" Archived 17 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Time, 12 December 2009.
  268. ^ Erin McKean (2005). "Definition of 'ginzo' in English". second edition. Ed. The New Oxford American Dictionary. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  269. ^ Heinrich, Marc; Ascona. "Die Schweizer und ihre Deutschen: Gorillas first". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  270. ^ Aguirre, B.E. (1994). "Cuban Mass Migration and the Social Construction of Deviants". Bulletin of Latin American Research. 13 (2): 155–183. doi:10.2307/3338273. JSTOR 3338273.
  271. ^ Duany, Jorge (1995). "Neither Golden Exile nor Dirty Worm: Ethnic Identity in Recent Cuban-American Novels". Cuban Studies. 23: 168. JSTOR 24487023.
  272. ^ Duany, Jorge (1999). "Cuban communities in the United States: migration waves, settlement patterns and socioeconomic diversity". Pouvoirs dans la Caraïbe. 11: 103. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via OpenEdition Journals.
  273. ^ Morris, Jan (4 February 1997). Hong Kong. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-679-77648-2. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  274. ^ "gwer — Wiktionnaire". fr.wiktionary.org. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  275. ^ a b Christina Sterbenz (7 January 2015). "9 racist and offensive phrases that people still use all the time". Business Insider.
  276. ^ Lamers, Matthew (4 April 2010). "Assaulted kyopo claims prejudice". Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  277. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "gyppo"
  278. ^ Ruth Wajnryb (27 September 2003). "A hairy area in which to dice with semantics". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  279. ^ "Haji definition". Double-Tongued Dictionary. 10 July 2004. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  280. ^ Flynn, Chris (1 October 2010). "The language of war". Overland literary journal. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  281. ^ Bay, Austin (28 January 2007). "Iraq's battlefield slang". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  282. ^ "half-breed". merriam-webster.com. Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  283. ^ Sawchuk, Joe (1973). The Metis of Manitoba: Reformulation of an Ethnic Identity (PDF) (Thesis). University of Manitoba. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  284. ^ McCorquodale, John (1986). "The Legal Classification of Race in Australia". Aboriginal History. 10 (1): 7. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  285. ^ "half-caste". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  286. ^ "haole". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  287. ^ Madresh, Marjorie (28 May 2004). "Founder of 'Hip to be Heeb' magazine speaks to students". The Triangle Online. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
  288. ^ "hebe". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
  289. ^ "BBC调查:追踪中国网络上侮辱黑人视频的幕后黑手". BBC News 中文 (in Simplified Chinese). 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  290. ^ "奥巴马竟说禁词"黑鬼" 美国人惊了!--美国频道--人民网". usa.people.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  291. ^ Min-ho, Jung (5 August 2020). "'Heukhyeong,' 'jjangkkae' among pejorative term listed by human rights body". Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  292. ^ Aro, Atte (2016). Practices of consuming trotting: How a community of devoted enthusiasts forms around a leisure activity (Master of Science in Marketing Science thesis). Aalto University. p. 33. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  293. ^ Green, Jonathon (2006). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 716. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  294. ^ a b "Traced to the Mafia: Mysterious crimes among Pennsylvania miners". The Courier. Waterloo, Iowa. 1 February 1896. p. 2. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018 – via Newspapers.com. The average Pennsylvanian contemptuously refers to the immigrants as "Hikes" and "Hunks." The "Hikes" are Italians and Sicilians. "Hunks" is a corruption for Huns, but under this title the Pennsylvanian includes Hungarians, Lithuanians, Slavs, Poles, Magyars and Tyroleans. Free access icon
  295. ^ Montgomery, Michael (2006). From Ulster to America: The Scotch-Irish Heritage of American English. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-903688-61-8.
  296. ^ Fuller A. Scribbling the Cat: travels with an African soldier (Penguin books, 2004).
  297. ^ Morgan Godfery (19 September 2011). "Maui Street". mauistreet.blogspot.com.au. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  298. ^ "Kiwi Speak (Colloquialisms): H". New Zealand.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  299. ^ Fowler, Henry Watson (2015). "Hottentot". Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage - Henry Watson Fowler - Google Books. Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-19-966135-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  300. ^ Adhikari, Mohamed (17 November 2005). Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community. Ohio University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-89680-442-5. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  301. ^ "houtkop". Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English (DSAE). 2022. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  302. ^ Tong, Chee Kiong (2010). Identity and ethnic relations in Southeast Asia. Springer. pp. 231. ISBN 978-90-481-8908-3.
  303. ^ Hai, Hai (17 January 2017). "Kenapa Pribumi Disebut Huana Artinya Orang Asing Oleh Orang Tionghoa?". Bengcu Menggugat. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  304. ^ 民視新聞網 (10 July 2019). "原住民導遊帶團調侃「番仔」、「失落部落」!當地居民暴怒". 民視新聞網. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  305. ^ Hsiao, Alison (17 November 2016). "KMT slams DPP over Japan imports". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  306. ^ "Diccionario de americanismos: huinca". Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2010. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  307. ^ Arre Marfull, Montserrat Arre; Catepillán Tessi, Tomás; Arre Marfull, Montserrat Arre; Catepillán Tessi, Tomás (6 August 2021). ""E aqí, pues, dos razas distintas". Paradigmas raciales en Chile (siglos XVIII-XXI): significados y deslindes conceptuales". Estudios atacameños. 67: e3850. doi:10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2021-0012. S2CID 237825466. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2022 – via SciELO.
  308. ^ "Notes". Sinophobia. University of Hawaii Press. 2017. pp. 199–216. doi:10.1515/9780824847838-011. ISBN 978-0-8248-4783-8.
  309. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Hun". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  310. ^ "Nil By Mouth: History of Sectarianism". Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  311. ^ "Young people are raising their eyes". Daily Telegraph. London. 5 July 2004. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  312. ^ Rothenberg, Paula S. (2008). White Privilege. Worth Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4292-0660-0. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  313. ^ Reuter, Mikael (23 November 1999). "Hurraako hurri?". Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  314. ^ Newkirk, Pamela (2002). Within the Veil. NYU Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-8147-5799-4.
  315. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "ikey"
  316. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "ikeymo"
  317. ^ "Why 'Indon' is not preferable". thejakartapost.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  318. ^ "Suporter Malaysia Ancam Bakar Bendera Indonesia" (in Indonesian). 21 December 2010. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  319. ^ An Ordinary Man (2006), Paul Rusesabagina
  320. ^ "Dehumanisation: How Tutsis were reduced to cockroaches, snakes to be killed". 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  321. ^ Radio Milles Collines – Rwandan Genocide. adriansch00. 31 May 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019 – via YouTube.
  322. ^ "Injun". Reference.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  323. ^ "Itaker - Wortbedeutung.info". Wortbedeutung.
  324. ^ McMahon, Seán (2004). "Jackeen". Brewer's dictionary of Irish phrase & fable. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  325. ^ Fallon, Donal (17 December 2017). "Jackeen: 'A fellow who does very little for a living, and wants to do less'". The Journal. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  326. ^ Parker, Jonathan; Ashencaen Crabtree, Sara; Crabtree Parker, Miranda; Crabtree Parker, Isabel (2019). "'Behaving like a Jakun!' A case study of conflict, 'othering' and indigenous knowledge in the Orang Asli of Tasik Chini". Journal of Sociology and Development. 3 (1): 23.
  327. ^ Hastanto, Ikhwan (29 May 2020). "Mengulik Penyebab Munculnya Istilah Peyoratif Jamet, Kuproy, dan Pembantu Jawa". Vice.com. Vice Indonesia. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  328. ^ "japa – Dicionário Online Priberam de Português". Dicionario.priberam.org. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  329. ^ Rappaport, Jesse (2019). "Communicating with Slurs". The Philosophical Quarterly. 69 (277): 811. doi:10.1093/pq/pqz022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  330. ^ Starkman, Rebecca (2010). "2" (PDF). Revisiting the Jewish American Princess: Jewish Girls, The J.A.P. Discursive Stereotype, and Negotiated Identity (Thesis). Brock University. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  331. ^ "yarpie, n., Allwords". Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  332. ^ Mohamed, Arli (1 January 2023). "The Forgotten Minority—the Experiences of Somali-Jareer Bantu Students in Higher Education: "I Don't Even Exist at This Institution. I'm Barely Recognized as a Human Being"". Dissertations.
  333. ^ "apa arti jawir yang viral di tiktok, ini penjelasannya". 20 June 2023.
  334. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "Jerry"
  335. ^ Shalev, Chemi (22 January 2016). "Israeli anti-Semites and American Jewboys, From Dan Shapiro to Wyatt Earp". Haaretz.com. No. Elul 15, 5778. Amos Schocken, M. DuMont Schauberg. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  336. ^ Stone, Bryan Edward (1 May 2013). The Chosen Folks: Jews on the Frontiers of Texas. University of Texas Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-292-75612-0. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  337. ^ "jidan - definiție și paradigmă" (in Romanian). Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  338. ^ "jigaboo". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 3 June 2018. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  339. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "jigaboo"
  340. ^ Holloway, Joseph E, ed. (13 July 2005). Africanisms in American Culture: jiggabo. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21749-3. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  341. ^ Partridge (2006b), p. 518, Jim Crow
  342. ^ "세상을 차별하는 데이터인가? 차별하는 세상을 반영하는 데이터인가?". MIT Technology Review (in Korean). 9 December 2021.
  343. ^ "チョッパリの意味". goo国語辞書. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  344. ^ Blake, Aled (26 August 2005). "'If boyo is racist so is Jock". Western Mail and Echo Limited. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2006.
  345. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "jungle"
  346. ^ "Kielitoimiston sanakirja". www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  347. ^ Phumisak, Chit (2013). ความเป็นมาของคำสยาม, ไทย ลาว และขอม และลักษณะทางสังคมของชื่อชนชาติ (in Thai). Bangkok: Chonniyom. pp. 242–243. แกว คือคำว่า แกว ๆ มีความหมายถึงเสียงดังแซดแต่ไม่ได้ศัพท์ ซึ่งจิตร ภูมิศักดิ์มองว่าน่าจะเป็นการล้อเลียนเสียงพูดในภาษาเวียดนามที่มีเสียงสูงต่ำตัดกันชัดเจนกว่าภาษาไทย-ลาว นอกจากนี้ยังมีคำลาวในวรรณคดีเรื่องท้าวฮุ่งเรียกชาวเวียดนามอย่างเหยียดหยามว่า แย้, แกวแย้ และแกวม้อย
  348. ^ Kapur-Fic, Alexandra R. (1998). Thailand: Buddhism, Society, and Women. Abhinav Publications. p. 64. ISBN 978-81-7017-360-1.
  349. ^ Winn, Patrick (8 March 2019). "The world's largest Islamic group wants Muslims to stop saying 'infidel'". The World, Public Radio International. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  350. ^ "NU calls for end to word 'infidels' to describe non-Muslims". The Jakarta Post. Niskala Media Tenggara. 1 March 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  351. ^ "Kaffir". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  352. ^ Featherstone, Donald (1993). Victorian Colonial Warfare: Africa. United Kingdom: Blandford. pp. 85–102. ISBN 978-0-7137-2256-7.
  353. ^ Cacopardo, Augusto (2011). "Are the Kalasha really of Greek origin? The Legend of Alexander the Great and the Pre-Islamic World of the Hindu Kush". Acta Orientalia. 72: 53.
  354. ^ Latt, Sai (10 June 2012). "Intolerance, Islam and the Internet in Burma". New Mandala. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  355. ^ Latt, Sai (27 March 2017). ""Мамбет" и "калбит": о каких еще запрещенных словах предупредили в МИД РФ Об этом сообщает "Рамблер"". Rambler. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  356. ^ Masih, Niha (17 April 2017). "Opinion | India's Lethal Race Problem". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  357. ^ Daruwalla, Reena. "Racist Slurs Indians Use – Consciously or Subconsciously". TheStoryPedia.com. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  358. ^ "They Took Down Their Pants, Pointed Their Genitals at Us, and Said, 'Yeh Lo Azaadi'".
  359. ^ "BBC - Religions - Islam: Circumcision of boys".
  360. ^ Macquarie Dictionary (Fourth Edition), 2005, p. 774
  361. ^ "Kanaka dictionary definition – Kanaka defined". Yourdictionary.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  362. ^ a b Finkbeiner, Rita; Meibauer, Jörg; Wiese, Heike (2016). Pejoration. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 213–215. ISBN 978-90-272-6736-8.
  363. ^ Dalton, David (6 September 2007). The Philippines: Edition en langue anglaise. Rough Guides Limited. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-84353-806-6. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  364. ^ Pratt, Alexandre (28 February 2019). "Ton crisse de kawish". La Presse+ (in French). Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  365. ^ Gruda, Agnès (20 June 2009). "Édith Cloutier, la rassembleuse de Val-d'Or". La Presse+ (in French). Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  366. ^ a b "Mosque shooter brandished material glorifying Serb nationalism". Al Jazeera English. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  367. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan. "keko – Nişanyan Sözlük". Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  368. ^ M. Veera Pandiyan (10 August 2016). "'Keling' and proud of it". The Star online.
  369. ^ a b Theresa Vargas (9 August 2019). "A survey explores how Native Americans feel about the name Washington Redskins. No, it's not that survey. This one is new". The Washington Post.
  370. ^ "Highest court asked to rule on old Lone Ranger term". CBC News. 22 December 2004.
  371. ^ Kenji, Shuzui; Tadakuni, Ōkubo (1959). Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 50: Chikamatsu Jōruri Shū: Ge, Tōkyō. 岩波書店. ISBN 4-0006-0050-8.
  372. ^ Вахобовна, Быкова Гульчера (2008). "Оскорбительны ли слова "Хачик", "Хач"?". Юрислингвистика (9): 295–300.
  373. ^ В.и, Макаров (2015). "Национальные прозвища в зеркале контекста". Вестник Новгородского государственного университета им. Ярослава Мудрого. 7 (90): 141–145. ISSN 2076-8052.
  374. ^ Laitin, David D. (1998). Identity in Formation: The Russian-speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Cornell University Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8014-8495-7. khokhol.
  375. ^ a b Tại sao Trung Quốc bị gọi là Tàu Khựa?, 25 August 2022, retrieved 20 February 2024
  376. ^ a b c d e Ferroggiaro, Will (2019). Social Media, Discrimination and Intolerance in South Africa: A Lexicon of Hateful Terms (PDF) (Report). Media Monitoring Africa. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  377. ^ Wolarsky, Eric (2001). "Kike". Interactive Dictionary of Racial Language. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  378. ^ Everett, Anna (2008). Learning Race and Ethnicity: Youth and Digital Media. MIT press. p. 167.
  379. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan. "kıro – Nişanyan Sözlük". Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  380. ^ Дарья, L (1 September 2023). ""Они назвали его "китаёза"": ресторан принес свои извинения Ченлэ из NCT за сотрудников, использовавших расистские и уничижительные выражения в его адрес". YesAsia (in Russian). Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  381. ^ Shli︠a︡khov, Vladimir Ivanovich (1999). "китаёза". Dictionary of Russian slang & colloquial expressions. Hauppauge, N.Y. : Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-1019-1.
  382. ^ "Dáil Éireann – Volume 183 – 29 June, 1960". Dáil Éireann. 29 June 1960. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  383. ^ Mulcahy, Aogán (2012). "'Alright in their own place': Policing and the spatial regulation of Irish Travellers". Criminology & Criminal Justice. 12 (3): 307–327. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.840.4010. doi:10.1177/1748895811431849. ISSN 1748-8958. S2CID 145291626.
  384. ^ "코쟁이 뜻: 코가 크다는 뜻에서 서양 사람을 놀림조로 이르는 말." (in Korean).
  385. ^ a b Berdy, Michele A. (24 July 2014). "Talking Smack About Ukrainians and Russians". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  386. ^ Kramermay, A. E. (4 May 2014). "Ukraine's Reins Weaken as Chaos Spreads". The New York Times.
  387. ^ "No 10 denies Boris Johnson made Nicola Sturgeon 'Krankie' slur". The National. 6 February 2020.
  388. ^ "Krakkemut — den Danske Ordbog".
  389. ^ "AskOxford: Kraut". Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  390. ^ Moorfield, John C. "kūpapa". Te Aka Māori Dictionary.
  391. ^ "Maruhan's Pachinko Empire Rocked by Racism; Did Founder Say 'Kuronbo'?". Shockya.com. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  392. ^ Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (n.d.). nigger | meaning in the English-Korean Dictionary. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/english-korean/nigger
  393. ^ "Алина Орлова: «Я не знаю, кто я»" Alina Orlova: "I don't know who I am", an interview, 9 September 2010
  394. ^ Лабус - определение [Labus — definition]. (in Russian).
  395. ^ Mao, Yanfeng (2015). "Who is a Laowai? Chinese Interpretations of Laowai as a Referring Expression for Non-Chinese". International Journal of Communication. 9: 2119–2140.
  396. ^ "International Peer-Reviewed Journal of Humanities and Academic Science" (PDF). Guvenplus.com.tr. p. 125. Retrieved 2 July 2022. It is notable that the status of the Sami people and minority groups in Sweden was neglected for a long time. In the framework of the multiculturalist policy in the mid-1970s the Swedish government recognised the Sami as indigenous in 1977.
  397. ^ Partridge (2006b), p. 1195, Lebo
  398. ^ Rumian Cisterna, Salvador (17 September 2020). Gallito Catrilef: Colonialismo y defensa de la tierra en San Juan de la Costa a mediados del siglo XX (M.Sc. thesis) (in Spanish). University of Los Lagos.
  399. ^ "limey". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  400. ^ Green (2005), p. 883.
  401. ^ Sala, Ilaria Maria (7 July 2017). "Don't call them "locusts": They may one day be proud Hong Kong locals". Quartz. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  402. ^ itu?, Apa (25 July 2016). "Londo | Apa itu?". Apaitu.web.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  403. ^ "No Sunlight Singing - glossary of Australian expressions".
  404. ^ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2004), p. 850.
  405. ^ Wall, Richard, ed. (2001). "Lundy". An Irish Literary Dictionary and Glossary. Colin Smythe. ISBN 978-0-86140-442-1.
  406. ^ Carolan, Mary (1 December 2022). "Those who do not conform with 'loudest groups' more likely called 'shoneen', 'lundy', says Taoiseach". The Irish Times. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  407. ^ Bailey, Richard W. (2012). Speaking American a History of English in the United States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-19-991340-4. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  408. ^ Kockel, Ullrich; Craith, Máiréad Nic (2004). Communicating Cultures, Volume 1 of European Studies in Culture and Policy. Münster: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-8258-6643-3. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  409. ^ Попова, Елена Александровна; Аль-Хамдани Сура (2017). Вероисповедание Как Фактор Формирования Оценочности Семантики Этнонимов В Русской Языковой Картине Мира. ЗАДОНСКИЕ СВЯТО-ТИХОНОВСКИЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЧТЕНИЯ (in Russian). Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского. pp. 125–131.
  410. ^ Tkachivska, Maria (2017). "Етнофолізми як перекладацька проблема" [Ethnic names as a translation issue]. Філологія (мовознавство): збірник наукових праць (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Vinnytsia: Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State University. p. 50. ISBN 978-966-2337-89-1.
  411. ^ Stiff, Peter (June 2000). Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN 978-1-919854-02-1.
  412. ^ Frantzich, Stephen. O.O.P.S.: Observing Our Politicians Stumble: The Worst Candidate Gaffes and Recoveries in Presidential Campaigns. ABC-CLIO. p. 140.
  413. ^ American Public Service: Constitutional and Ethical Foundations. p. 244.
  414. ^ "'macaronar' on DEXonline". Dexonline.ro. 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  415. ^ Hunter, Shireen T. (22 April 2019). Arab-Iranian Relations: Dynamics of Conflict and Accommodation. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-78661-208-3.
  416. ^ Vertovec, Steven (2014). Routledge International Handbook of Diversity Studies. Routledge. p. 1971. ISBN 978-1-317-60068-8.
  417. ^ Ottaway, David; Ottaway, Marina (2019). A Tale of Four Worlds: The Arab Region After the Uprisings. Oxford University Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-19-006171-5.
  418. ^ b (5 June 2014). "Hooman Majd on the Difference Between Sunnis, Shias, Arabs, and Persians | The Bully Pulpit". Jrbenjamin.com. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  419. ^ Nasrin Rahimieh (27 August 2015). Iranian Culture: Representation and Identity. Routledge. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-1-317-42935-7.
  420. ^ "Persians v Arabs Same old sneers Nationalist feeling on both sides of the Gulf is as prickly as ever". The Economist. 5 May 2012.
  421. ^ "بازار داغ ملخ خوری در ماه رمضان + تصاویر". Zohur12.ir. 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  422. ^ "ماه رمضان با خوردن ملخ آغاز شد!+عکس". Jamejamonline.ir. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  423. ^ "ماه رمضان و افزایش مصرف ملخ در کشور وهابیت | پرسمان دانشجويي – وهابيت". Vahabiat.porsemani.ir. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  424. ^ Adhikari, Mohamed (2006). "Popular Racial Stereotyping in South Africa: Historical Overview" (PDF). pp. 12–13.
  425. ^ The Micro-politics of Microcredit: Gender and Neoliberal Development in Bangladesh. Routledge. 1 May 2015. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-317-43085-8.
  426. ^ "Orang yang Ajari IShowSpeed Kata 'Minggir Lu Miskin' saat Live Streaming di Indonesia Akhirnya Terungkap". warnanusa.com. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  427. ^ "Pevita Pearce Menikah dengan Crazy Rich Malaysia, Warganet: Patah Hati Nasional". beritajatim.com. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  428. ^ "Kedubes Malaysia Diserang Hujatan 'Malingsia'". 27 August 2009.
  429. ^ "Bendera RI terbalik: perseteruan dari Ganyang Malaysia ke 'Malingsia'". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 22 August 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  430. ^ Romanucci-Ross, Lola; Vos, George A. De; Tsuda, TakeyUnited Kingdomi (2006). Ethnic Identity: Problems and Prospects for the Twenty-first Century. Rowman Altamira. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-7591-0973-5.
  431. ^ Isaev, Ognyan (9 June 2016). "Analysis from Bulgaria: Anti-Gypsyism is the enemy at the gates". romea.cz.
  432. ^ Horvath, Julia; Wexler, Paul (1997). Relexification in Creole and Non-Creole Languages: With Special Attention to Haitian Creole, Modern Hebrew, Romani, and Rumanian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 110. ISBN 978-3-447-03954-3.
  433. ^ "Kielitoimiston sanakirja". www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  434. ^ "The Baboons are celebrating", an article discussing about the hatred for Moroccan Jews in Israel (In Hebrew)
  435. ^ "「丸太」の何が問題なのか - 赤木智弘|論座アーカイブ". webronza.asahi.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  436. ^ Fair Employment Practice Cases – Volume 20. Bureau of National Affairs. 1979. p. 723.
  437. ^ Allen, Irving L. (1983). The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-231-05557-4. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  438. ^ Green (2005), p. 931
  439. ^ "Mick". Princeton WordNet listing. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  440. ^ Gazzah, Miriam (2008). Rhythms and Rhymes of Life: Music and Identification Processes of Dutch-Moroccan Youth. Amsterdam University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-90-8964-062-8.
  441. ^ Lefevere, André (2016). Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-315-45848-9.
  442. ^ Bradley, James (30 May 2013). "The ape insult: a short history of a racist idea". The Conversation. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  443. ^ "Comparing black people to monkeys has a long, dark simian history". Theconversation.com. 28 February 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  444. ^ "Why 'Monkey' Is Racist". Outlookindia.com.
  445. ^ "Mahasiswa Papua di Jerman: Jangan Panggil Kami Monyet, Kami Bukan Budak di Negeri Sendiri | Indonesia: Laporan topik-topik yang menjadi berita utama". Deutsche Welle. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  446. ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (2011). Ilya Radozhitskii's Campaign Memoirs. Lulu. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-105-16871-0.
  447. ^ "moon crickets Meaning & Origin". Dictionary.com. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  448. ^ Özcan, Kemal Ali (2006). Turkey's Kurds. Routledge. pp. 4-5. ISBN 978-0-415-36687-8.
  449. ^ Jongerden, Joost (1 January 2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatical Policies, Modernity and War. BRILL. pp. 53. ISBN 978-90-04-15557-2.
  450. ^ Sterkens, Carl; Camacho, Agnes Zenaida; Scheepers, Peer (2016). "Ethno-religious Identification and Latent Conflict: Support of Violence among Muslim and Christian Filipino Children and Youth". In Harker, Christopher; Hörschelmann, Kathrin; Skelton, Tracey (eds.). Conflict, Violence and Peace. Singapore: Springer. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-98-9_12-1. ISBN 978-981-4585-98-9.
  451. ^ "Moolinyan". Lexico. Oxford. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021.
  452. ^ "Se infatti gli italiani chiamano i neri 'mulignan', accomunandoli appunto alle 'melanzane' per il colore della pelle, sono essi stessi definiti storicamente come 'guinea'", Simona Cappellari, Giorgio Colombo Fiorini, Letteratura italoamericana, 2008, p. 79.
  453. ^ Richard Greene, Peter Vernezze, The Sopranos and Philosophy: I Kill Therefore I Am, Open Court Publishing, 2004, p. 162.
  454. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "Moolinyan"
  455. ^ Nyarota, Geoffrey (2006). Against the grain: memoirs of a Zimbabwean newsman. Zebra. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-77007-112-4.
  456. ^ Kielitoimiston sanakirja. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus ja Kielikone Oy. 2004. ISBN 952-5446-11-5.
  457. ^ "Ethiopia – Human Rights Developments". Human Rights Watch. 1995. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  458. ^ Tesfaye, Amanuel (4 May 2018). "Commentary:The Birth of Amhara Nationalism: Causes, Aspirations, and Potential Impacts". Addis Standard. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  459. ^ Skjerdal, Terje; Moges, Mulatu Alemayehu (26 November 2020). "The ethnification of the Ethiopian media" (PDF). Fojo Media Institute, International Media Support. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  460. ^ Авагян, К. К. (2014). Концепт "Враг" Во Фразеологизмах Русского И Сербского Языков. РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ И ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ (in Russian). Московский государственный областной университет. pp. 7–10.
  461. ^ Siraj, Sayad Mustafa; Chakravarty, Sudeshna (2005). Muthical Man. Sahitya Akademi. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-260-2114-7. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  462. ^ Michaud, Alexis (26 April 2017). Tone in Yongning~Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. Language Science Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-3-946234-86-9. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  463. ^ Doane & Bonilla-Silva (2003), pp. 132, 135.
  464. ^ "Nig-nog". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  465. ^ "Nig-nog". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  466. ^ "Nigger". Marriam-Webstar.
  467. ^ PHILIP LEWIS (18 April 2016). "5 Everyday Phrases That Actually Have Racist Origins". Mic.
  468. ^ "Nip". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020.
  469. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "Nitchie"
  470. ^ Indrayana, Denny. "Pribumi: making sense of a troubled term". Indonesia at Melbourne.
  471. ^ "Northern Monkey". Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  472. ^ "The Northern Monkey". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  473. ^ al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (24 January 2013). "Anti-Islamism in an Islamic Civil War". The American Spectator. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  474. ^ Landis, Joshua (15 December 2013). "Zahran Alloush: His Ideology and Beliefs". Syria Comment. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  475. ^ Harper, Douglas. "ofay". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  476. ^ Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry, eds. (2006). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J-Z. Taylor & Francis. p. 1402. ISBN 978-0-415-25938-5.
  477. ^ Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Köpeczi, Béla; Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán (2001). "History of Transylvania". Atlantic Research and Publications. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  478. ^ "Что такое Украина? Репортаж писателя Джонатана Литтелла. Он съездил в Бучу и другие города под Киевом — и своими глазами увидел последствия российской оккупации". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  479. ^ "In 'Ukrainian military Oscars,' Ukraine promotes army and mocks Russia". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  480. ^ "Life Under Russian Occupation: Hunger, Fear and Abductions". VOA. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  481. ^ Wilmore, Gayraud S. (1989). African American Religious Studies: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Duke University Press. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-8223-0926-0. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  482. ^ Spitzberg, Irving J.; Thorndike, Virginia V. (1992). Creating Community on College Campuses: Beyond the Cultural Politics of Enjoyment. SUNY Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7914-1005-9. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  483. ^ Boggs, Grace Lee (1998). Living for Change: An Autobiography. University of Minnesota Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-4529-0330-9. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  484. ^ Green (2005), p. 1054
  485. ^ Henry Long, William (1886). A Dictionary of the Isle of Wight dialect, and of provincialisms used in the island; to which is appended the Christmas Boys' play, an Isle of Wight "Hooam Harvest," and songs sung by the peasantry; forming a treasury of insular manners and customs of fifty years ago. (PDF). London: Reeves and Turner. p. 53. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  486. ^ "AskOxford: Paddy". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  487. ^ Campbell, Gerald (1904). Edward and Pamela Fitzgerald: being some account of their lives. Edward Arnold. pp. 183–4. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  488. ^ James Barron (14 March 2023). "An Irishman Takes on the Word 'Paddy'". The New York Times.
  489. ^ James Mulvaney (1 August 2017). "President Trump's reference to 'paddy wagon' insults Irish Americans like me". The Washington Post.
  490. ^ a b "Online Racism Targeting South Asians Skyrockets". Global Project Against Hate and Extremism. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024. "Pajeet" is also used, referring to a derogatory made-up Indian name originating on 4chan in 2015, along with several other similar, though sometimes lesser known, racist terms. Plenty of commenters resented "pajeet immigrants," described as "barely literate third worlder[s]," for "replac[ing]" striking workers in the tech industry. One Canadian user on the /pol/ board claimed the "jeet situation" in Canada was bad, and that they planned to "leave this dump" because of South Asian immigrants. Gab, a "free speech" platform with a similar interface to Twitter, saw hate speech against South Asians rise from 197 posts in January 2023 to 691 the next year, representing a staggering 251 percent increase. Comments include calling South Asians "pajeet chimps" and "paki scum" while leaning into derogatory stereotypes such as saying "pajeet still smell."
  491. ^ Ensor, Jamie; Lynch, Jenna. "Deputy Labour leader rings Māori ACT MP to apologise for 'Pākehā world' comment". Newshub.
  492. ^ "pak". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 4 April 2006.
  493. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), p. 209, "Paki"
  494. ^ Bhatia, Rajni (11 June 2007). "After the N-word, the P-word". BBC News. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  495. ^ Hoëm, Ingjerd (20 March 2015). Languages of Governance in Conflict: Negotiating democracy in Tokelau. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-272-6892-1. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  496. ^ Lehmann, Herman (1 November 2010). Nine Years among the Indians. Great Texas Books. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-932801-05-7. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  497. ^ Susan Matoba Adler. "Racial and Ethnic Identity Formation of Midwestern Asian-American children". University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  498. ^ "Reading Racism: Or, How I'm Learning to Wrestle with "Little House on the Prairie" | James M. Noonan, Ed.D". Scholar.harvard.edu. 24 May 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  499. ^ Noviyanti, Adinda Zahra (29 August 2020). "Merayakan Perbedaan Lewat Parsubang" [Celebrating Diversity through Parsubang and Parsolam]. MedanHeadlines (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  500. ^ Hasibuan, Thompson (1 January 2019). Sisingamangaraja: Pemersatu Batak Di Toba [Sisingamangaraja: Batak Unifier In Toba] (PDF). Sumatran Archeological Association, an Indonesian Ministry of Education and Cultural company. p. 77. ISBN 978-602-17680-6-8.
  501. ^ Mori, Letícia (4 August 2017). "'Não toleramos mais': por que velhas piadas estão inflamando debate sobre racismo entre descendentes de asiáticos no Brasil". BBC.
  502. ^ Blazes, Marian (2014). The Everything Brazilian Cookbook: Includes Tropical Cobb Salad, Brazilian BBQ, Gluten-Free Cheese Rolls, Passion Fruit Mousse, Pineapple Caipirinha...and Hundreds More!. Simon and Schuster. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-4405-7939-4.
  503. ^ Rendeiro, Margarida; Lupati, Federica (2019). Challenging Memories and Rebuilding Identities: Literary and Artistic Voices that undo the Lusophone Atlantic. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-00-054687-3.
  504. ^ Hinton, Alexander (15 August 2002). "Chapter 8: "Averted Gaze: Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1992–1995"". Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520230286.
  505. ^ Mezzrow, Mezz (1946). Really the Blues. New York: Kensington. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-8065-1205-1.
  506. ^ Killens, John Oliver (1967). Sippi. New York: Trident Press. LCCN 67016400.
  507. ^ "In case you didn't know: 'Peenoise' is a nasty term for Pinoys". Coconuts Manila. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  508. ^ "Det er umuligt at tale neutralt om indvandrere". videnskab.dk (in Danish). 3 September 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  509. ^ "Perker — Den Danske Ordbog". Ordnet.dk. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  510. ^ David Williams. "Review of Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages by Mark Abley". The Oxonian Review of Books. 4 (2). Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  511. ^ Austen, Ian (30 July 2009). "In a Quebecer's Heart, Pepsi Occupies a Special Place". New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  512. ^ Bernstein, Robin (2011). Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights. NYU press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8147-8709-0.
  513. ^ Literacy in America: N-Z. ABC-CLIO. 2002. p. 373. ISBN 978-1-57607-358-2.
  514. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "pikey"
  515. ^ "Уэсли Кларк едва не разжег Третью мировую войну, утверждает британский генерал". NEWSru.com (in Russian). 17 September 2003. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  516. ^ "Про пони и кино – Журнал "Компьютерра"". 26 October 2013. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  517. ^ "Sabah MP in Twitter rumpus over 'racist' slur on Filipino immigrants". Malay Mail. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  518. ^ Crawfurd, John (1852). A grammar and dictionary of the Malay language: with a preliminary dissertation. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. ccxxx.
  519. ^ "plastic Paddy". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  520. ^ Flanagan, Damian (14 March 2018). "The Japanese lessons of a 'plastic Paddy'". The Japan Times. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  521. ^ "Plouc et Bécassine: quand Paris dénigrait la Bretagne". Le Courrier Indépendant. 16 March 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  522. ^ Collins Spanish Dictionary 5th ed. (HarperCollins: 2003). p. 773.
  523. ^ Honor Sachs (16 October 2018). "How Pocahontas — the myth and the slur — props up white supremacy". The Washington Post.
  524. ^ Josh Hafner (28 November 2017). "Is 'Pocahontas' a racial slur? Eric Trump defends his dad, but Native Americans say otherwise". USA TODAY.
  525. ^ ALISON DURKEE (15 August 2019). "Trump Warns He Could Revive "Pocahontas" Slur at Any Time". Vanity Fair.
  526. ^ Allen, Irving L. (1983). The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-231-05557-4. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  527. ^ Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture, Longman Group United Kingdom Limited, 1992, ISBN 0-582-23720-3
  528. ^ Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (The Swedish Academy's word list of the Swedish language), 10th edition (Stockholm: Norstedt, 1984), ISBN 91-1-730242-0, p. 377.
  529. ^ Bokmålsordboka (The Bokmål dictionary), 2nd edition (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1997), ISBN 82-00-21763-9, p. 398.
  530. ^ Jeff Lesser, Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question, p.34
  531. ^ Sampson, Susan (22 December 2007). "Pleasing polenta | The Star". Toronto Star. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  532. ^ Human Rights Internet Reporter, Volumes 8–9. 1982. p. 502.
  533. ^ Green (2005), p. 1124
  534. ^ Partridge (2006b), p. 1530, Portagee
  535. ^ "Annonserte etter "potet" – beskyldt for rasisme". ABC Nyheter (in Norwegian). Oslo. 27 September 2006. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  536. ^ Weist, Larry (28 April 1985). "3 veterans agree US deprived them of victory but not of heroism". The Deseret News. Salt Lake City. pp. A1, A5. Retrieved 10 November 2009.[dead link]
  537. ^ Share, Bernard (2005). Slanguage: A Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English in Ireland. Gill & Macmillan. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-7171-3959-0.
  538. ^ R. David Zorc; Rachel San Miguel; Annabel M. Sarra; Patricia O. Afable, eds. (1994). Tagalog Slang Dictionary (PDF). Manilla: De La Salle University Press.
  539. ^ a b c d Spears (2001), p. 118.
  540. ^ "Quashi". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  541. ^ Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1895). Dictionary of Phrase and Fable: Giving the Derivation, Source, Or Origin of Common Phrases, Allusions, and Words that Have a Tale to Tell. Cassell. p. 1025. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  542. ^ Bartle, Philip F. W. (January 1978). "Forty Days; The Akan Calendar". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 48 (1): 80–84. doi:10.2307/1158712. JSTOR 1158712. S2CID 143751434. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  543. ^ Horn, Michiel (1997). Becoming Canadian: Memoirs of an Invisible Immigrant. University of Toronto Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8020-7840-7.
  544. ^ Vishavjit Singh (11 September 2012). "My life in a turban". salon.com.
  545. ^ Guha, Ramachandra (15 October 2014). Gandhi before India. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-93-5118-322-8. Ramasamy [a pejorative term for an Indian] in or near town is all very well as a grower or purveyor
  546. ^ "Indian South Africans | South African History Online". Sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  547. ^ "Connotations of the Names Rastus and Liza". Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013. FAST-US-7 (TRENAK 15) Introduction to American English. Reference File, 04-16-2007
  548. ^ Mookherjee, Nayanika (2009). "Denunciatory Practices and the Constitutive Role of Collaboration in the Bangladesh War". In Sharika Thiranagama; Tobias Kelly (eds.). Traitors: Suspicion, Intimacy, and the Ethics of State-Building. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8122-4213-3.
  549. ^ Sheppard, Jill (1977). The "Redlegs" of Barbados, their origins and history. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-527-82230-9.
  550. ^ "Redneck". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  551. ^ "Redskin". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  552. ^ "Laura Boldrini fa causa a Salvini per la campagna d'odio sulle "risorse boldriniane"". Next Quotidiano. 8 December 2020.
  553. ^ "rockspider". A Dictionary of South African English - DSAE. Dictionary Unit for South African English. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  554. ^ Figes, Orlando (2007). The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia. New York City: Metropolitan Books. p. 494. ISBN 978-0-8050-7461-1.
  555. ^ Yasunosuke Satō (1931). Sino-Japanese problems – Volume 3 of Japanese papers, Institute of Pacific Relations Conference. Japan Council of the Institute of Pacific Relations. p. 35. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  556. ^ MacWilliams, Mark W. (18 December 2014). Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime. Taylor & Francis. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-317-46699-4. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  557. ^ Dodson, Stephen; Vanderplank, Robert (7 July 2009). Uglier Than a Monkey's Armpit: Untranslatable Insults, Put-Downs, and Curses from Around the World. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-101-16292-7. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  558. ^ Larraín, Jorge (2001). Identidad Chilena. Santiago, Chile: LOM. p. 148. ISBN 978-956-282-399-9. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  559. ^ Spears (2001), p. 295.
  560. ^ "Russki". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021.
  561. ^ "Kielitoimiston sanakirja". www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  562. ^ "Faili kurds". Minority Rights Group. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  563. ^ Boskin, Joseph (1986) Sambo, New York: Oxford University Press
  564. ^ Nawar Shora (2009). The Arab-American Handbook: A Guide to the Arab, Arab-American & Muslim Worlds. Cune Press. ISBN 978-1-885942-47-0. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  565. ^ Richey, Johnny (20 March 2012). I Blame You, You and You: The Lost and Found Kids. AuthorHouse. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4685-6364-1. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  566. ^ "'There's No Need For an Apology': Tokyo's boisterous governor is back in the headlines Archived 2013-04-08 at the Wayback Machine," TIME Asia, April 24, 2000.
  567. ^ Ho, Hannah; Ho, Debbie (1 January 2019). "Identity in Flux: The Sarong Party Girl's Pursuit of a "Good Life"". Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature. 13: 146. doi:10.31436/asiatic.v13i2.1674.
  568. ^ "Dissecting the Sarong Party Girl". Todayonline.com. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  569. ^ "Here's the reason why Sarong Party Girls are called Sarong Party Girls". Goodyfeed.com. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2022.[permanent dead link]
  570. ^ "the definition of Sassenach". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  571. ^ Can (1884). Can the independent chiefs of savage tribes cede to any private individual the whole or a part of their states, together with the sovereign rights which belong to them in conformity with the traditional customs of the country?.
  572. ^ "Jefferson and American Indians". Monticello. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  573. ^ Brady, Cheyenne (4 July 2020). ""Merciless Indian Savages"". Center for Native American Youth. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  574. ^ "DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1901)". Justia Law. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  575. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "sawney"
  576. ^ Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (26 June 2015). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-37251-6. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  577. ^ "scandihoovian". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 1 November 2013. "disparaging: a Scandinavian individual esp. living in the United States"
  578. ^ Leary, James P. (2001). UW Department of Scandinavian Studies Alumni Newsletter. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. p. 4.
  579. ^ Anderson, Philip J.; Blanck, Dag (2012). Norwegians and Swedes in the United States: Friends and Neighbors. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-87351-841-3. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  580. ^ "Dictionary of Australian Slang". Australia Travel Search. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  581. ^ "Schluchtenscheißer - Wortbedeutung.info". Wortbedeutung.
  582. ^ shvartse. Encarta World English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  583. ^ Shohat, Ella (1989). Israeli cinema: East/West and the politics of representation. Austin : University of Texas Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-292-73847-8.
  584. ^ Schmidt, Samantha (10 August 2019). "Federal judge awards over $700,000 to former American University student targeted in neo-Nazi 'troll storm'". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  585. ^ Rockaway, Robert A. (2000). But He Was Good to His Mother: The Lives and Crimes of Jewish Gangsters. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 95. ISBN 978-965-229-249-0.
  586. ^ Long, Richard (26 April 2011). "Is Anzac Day the right national day?". The Dominion Post. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011.
  587. ^ "Man fined for racism after Welsh sheep slur". The Daily Telegraph. London. 28 April 2013. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013.
  588. ^ "shegetz". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  589. ^ "shiksa". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  590. ^ Joshua A. Fogel, "New Thoughts on an Old Controversy: Shina as a Toponym for China", Sino-Platonic Papers, 229 (August 2012)
  591. ^ Green (2005), p. 1265
  592. ^ "shitskin", Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 6 May 2023, retrieved 20 May 2024
  593. ^ "Serbia: L'Alta corte emette sentenza storica. "Šiptar", un termine offensivo" [Serbia: High Court issues historic ruling. "Šiptar", an offensive term]. Albanianews.it (in Italian). 22 October 2018. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  594. ^ Gjergj Fishta; Robert Elsie; Janice Mathie-Heck (2005). The Highland Lute. I.B.Tauris. p. 459. ISBN 978-1-84511-118-2.
  595. ^ "Goyim, Shiksas and Shkutzim". Judaism 101. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  596. ^ "Znate li što su Škutori i Šperci?". Brotnjo.info. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  597. ^ "Do you know what Scooters and Pinschers are?". Brotnjo.info. 22 March 2019 – via Google Translate.
  598. ^ Black, Duncan, ed. (2009). "Shoneen". Collins Dictionary.
  599. ^ Taylor, Miles (2004). "'Bull, John (supp. fl. 1712–)'". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/68195. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  600. ^ Rothman, Lily (17 September 2014). "When Did 'Shylock' Become a Slur?". Time.com. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  601. ^ 旺报:從426看一些台灣人的狹隘政治觀 Archived October 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine want-daily.com [2014-7-17]
  602. ^ Naewna (28 October 2018). "ก่อนถึงยุคแร็พ'ประเทศกูมี' ย้อนฟังเพลงเพื่อชีวิต'กระแทกใจ'ผู้มีอำนาจ". Naewna. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  603. ^ Edwardes, Allen; Masters, R. E. L. (1970). Cradle of Erotica: Study of Afro-Asian Sexual Expression and an Analysis of Erotic Freedom in Social Relationships. London: Odyssey Press Ltd. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-85095-000-7. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  604. ^ Bowden, Mark (1999). Black Hawk Down. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-028850-6.
  605. ^ Anastasia N. Karakasidou (1997). Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870–1990. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press. p. 265. the terms Skopia and Skopians, derived from the name of that country's capital and principal city, Skopje, have been employed in a demeaning and derogatory manner to refer to the FYROM, its government, and its population.
  606. ^ Philip Carabott (2003). "The Politics of Constructing the Ethnic "Other": The Greek State and Its Slav-speaking Citizens, ca. 1912 – ca. 1949". Jahrbücher für Geschichte und Kultur Südosteuropas. 5: 159. [...] the seemingly neutral but hardly non-derisive Skopianoi.
  607. ^ "Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms". Australian National Dictionary Centre. Australian National University. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  608. ^ "skævøjet — Den Danske Ordbog". ordnet.dk.
  609. ^ Chow, Kat (19 January 2017). "The Slants: Fighting For The Right To Rock A Racial Slur". NPR.org. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  610. ^ "Kielitoimiston sanakirja". www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  611. ^ Moore (2004), "slope"
  612. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "slope", "slopy"
  613. ^ "Blog: My slant on The Slants and other Asian American "N" words – AALDEF". aaldef.org. 4 April 2011.
  614. ^ Stone, Brianna (1 February 2017). "Been called a 'snowflake'? The 'it' new insult". USA Today. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  615. ^ Thairath (4 April 2022). "โสมแดงประณามวาทกรรมโสมขาว". Thairath. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  616. ^ a b "ผู้นำโสมขาวแย้มถึงเวลาคนเกาหลีต้องเลิกกิน 'เนื้อสุนัข'". Manager. Reuters. 28 September 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  617. ^ Terence O'Donnell (1980). Garden of the brave in war. Ticknor & Fields. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-89919-016-7.
  618. ^ Sadjadpour, Karim (5 March 2011). "Arabs Rise, Tehran Trembles". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  619. ^ Elaine Sciolino (25 September 2001). Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran. Simon and Schuster. pp. 170–. ISBN 978-0-7432-1779-8.
  620. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "sooty"
  621. ^ Collins, Tim (25 February 2014). The Northern Monkey Survival Guide: How to Hold on to Your Northern Cred in a World Filled with Southern Jessies. Michael OMara. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-78243-283-8.
  622. ^ Philip Hummel (25 January 2011). My Life Growing up White during Apartheid in South Africa. Author House. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-4567-1801-5. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  623. ^ "Spade". American Heritage Dictionary. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  624. ^ Herbst (1997), p. 210.
  625. ^ Rawson (1989), p. 370
  626. ^ "SPIC". Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008. Interactive Dictionary of Language. Accessed 12 April 2007.
  627. ^ "Spic. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000". Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2007. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Accessed 12 April 2007.
  628. ^ Santiago, Esmeralda. When I Was Puerto Rican. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.
  629. ^ "spiggoty". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) citing as an etymology Amer. Speech XIII. 311/1 (1938)
  630. ^ "spook". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  631. ^ Harper, Douglas. "spook". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  632. ^ "Well-Known Nicknames". Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  633. ^ "Squaw". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  634. ^ "Squaw". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  635. ^ "svenne | SO | svenska.se" (in Swedish). Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  636. ^ Green (2005), p. 1394
  637. ^ "szkop – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia". Sjp.pwn.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  638. ^ "Szwab – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia". Sjp.pwn.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  639. ^ "Taffy, n.2". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  640. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "taffy"
  641. ^ "Samuel Pepys' Diary 1667". Pepys.info. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  642. ^ Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000). Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 307–8.
  643. ^ Bernard Wienraub (2 June 1971). "taig". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2013. In Belfast, Joblessness And a Poisonous Mood
  644. ^ Paul Majendie (29 November 1986). "taig". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 4 November 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2013. On Belfast's Walls, Hatred Rules
  645. ^ Jerome Keating (10 May 2006). "To be 'taike' is to be a Taiwanese". The Taipei Times.
  646. ^ Farewell to Peasant China: Rural Urbanization and Social Change in ... – Page 75 Gregory Eliyu Guldin – 1997 "In Dongji hamlet, most villagers were originally shuishangren (boat people) [Also known in the West by the pejorative label, "Tanka" people. — Ed.] and settled on land only in the 1950s. Per-capita cultivated land averaged only 1 mu ..."
  647. ^ Cornelius Osgood (1975). The Chinese: a study of a Hong Kong community, Volume 3. University of Arizona Press. p. 1212. ISBN 978-0-8165-0418-3. shii leung (shu lang) shii miu (shu miao) shui fan (shui fen) shui kwa (shui kua) sui seung yan (shui shang jen) Shui Sin (Shui Hsien) shuk in (shu yen) ShunTe Sian Sin Ku (Hsien Ku) sin t'it (hsien t'ieh) Sin Yan (Hsien Jen) sing
  648. ^ Great Britain. Colonial Office, Hong Kong. Government Information Services (1962). Hong Kong. Govt. Press. p. 37. The Tanka are boat dwellers who very seldom settle ashore. They themselves do not much use this name, which they consider derogatory, but usually call themselves 'Nam Hoi Yan (people of the southern sea) or 'Sui Seung Yan
  649. ^ National Physical Laboratory (Great Britain) (1962). Report for the year ... H.M.S.O. p. 37.
  650. ^ Hong Kong: report for the year ... Government Press. 1961. p. 40.
  651. ^ Hong Kong, Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1962). Hong Kong annual report. H.M.S.O. p. 37.
  652. ^ Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Hong Kong. Government Information Services (1960). Hong Kong. Govt. Press. p. 40.
  653. ^ Martin Hürlimann (1962). Hong Kong. Viking Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-3-7611-0030-1. The Tanka are among the earliest of the region's inhabitants. They call themselves 'Sui Seung Yan', signifying 'those born on the waters'; for they have been a population afloat as far back as men can remember—their craft jostle each other most closely in the fishing port
  654. ^ Valery M. Garrett (1987). Traditional Chinese clothing in Hong Kong and South China, 1840–1980. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-19-584174-3. The Tanka dislike the name and prefer 'Sui seung yan', which means 'people who live on the water'.
  655. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "tar"
  656. ^ Paulus Huỳnh Tịnh Của. Khai Trí. 1895. p. 349. người Annam thấy tàu khách qua lại nhiều, lấy đó mà gọi là nước Tàu, người Tàu.
  657. ^ Green (2005), p. 1419
  658. ^ "Terrone". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  659. ^ Fattorusso, Francesco (31 August 2019). "The Insulting Story Behind the Word 'Terroni'". AKA Italy magazine. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  660. ^ Robinson, Mairi, ed. (1985). The Concise Scots dictionary. Aberdeen University Press. ISBN 978-0-08-028491-0.
  661. ^ Roos, Aarand (1994). Words for understanding ethnic Estonians. Kommunaalprojekt. p. 49.
  662. ^ "Tibla", Estonian Vocabulary (Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2006), Institute of the Estonian Language
  663. ^ "Begitu Tahu Arti 'Tiko' Langsung Rapat, Komunitas Tionghoa Minta Steven Ditangkap". redaksi.duta.co (in Indonesian). 16 April 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  664. ^ Kennedy, Randall L. (Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (26): 86–96 [87].
  665. ^ Antrim, Zayde (7 January 2013). "Tamerlane in Damascus". Jadaliyya.
  666. ^ "ukip MEP apologises for calling Thai party member a 'ting tong'". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  667. ^ Ayto & Simpson (2010), "tinker"
  668. ^ Partridge (2006b), p. 786, Toad
  669. ^ Tanabe, Shunsuke. "Japanese Perspectives on "Asia": Analyses of JGSS-2006" (PDF). JGSS Research Series. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2022. On the contrary, the Japanese place a special attention to China, South Korea, and also North Korea. Parallel to the term "Tokutei Asia (specific-Asia)" on the Internet bulletin board systems, the majority of Japanese may regard these three countries as different from other Asian countries.
  670. ^ "Tonto". The Racial Slur Database.
  671. ^ John Akomfrah 1991 A Touch of the Tarbrush (TV Documentary) 1991
  672. ^ "Harleen Kaur: Michigan Sikh Youth Responds to 'Towel Head' Comments". Sikh24.com. 10 September 2014.
  673. ^ "towelhead". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 26 December 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  674. ^ "TOWELHEAD | Meaning & Definition for UK English". Lexico.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  675. ^ "Raghead – definition of raghead by The Free Dictionary". Thefreedictionary.com. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  676. ^ Shli︠a︡khov, V. I. (Vladimir Ivanovich) (1999). "тумба-юмба". Dictionary of Russian slang & colloquial expressions = Russkiĭ sleng. Hauppauge, N.Y. : Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-1019-1.
  677. ^ "тумба-юмба". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian). Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  678. ^ "Тумба-юмба". gramota.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  679. ^ Millas, Iraklis (2006). "Tourkokratia: History and the image of Turks in Greek literature." South European Society & Politics. 11. (1): 50. "The 'timeless' existence of the Other (and the interrelation of the Self with this Other) is secured by the name used to define him or her. Greeks often name as 'Turks' various states and groups—such as the Seljuks, the Ottomans, even the Albanians (Turkalvanoi)".
  680. ^ "Jorge Amado: São turcos ou árabes?". Brasilturquia.com.br.
  681. ^ "Por causa dos passaportes otomanos, libaneses são chamados de turcos no Brasil". Internacional.estadao.com.br. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  682. ^ Rebolledo Hernández, Antonia (1994). "La "Turcofobia". Discriminación anti-Árabe en Chile" (PDF). Historia (in Spanish). 28: 249–272.[permanent dead link]
  683. ^ Mandić, Marija (2022). "Chapter 10. The Serbian Proverb Poturica gori od Turčina (A Turk-Convert Is Worse Than a Turk): Stigmatizer and Figure of Speech". Imagining Bosnian Muslims in Central Europe. Berghahn Books. pp. 170–193. doi:10.1515/9781789207750-012. ISBN 978-1-78920-775-0.
  684. ^ Waller, Robert; Criddle, Byron (1999). The Almanac of British Politics. Psychology Press. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-415-18541-7.
  685. ^ Funk, Kevin (2022). Rooted Globalism: Arab–Latin American Business Elites and the Politics of Global Imaginaries. Indiana University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-253-06256-7.
  686. ^ Wren, James Allan (2016). "Banana, Coconut, and Twinkie". In Fee, Christopher R.; Webb, Jeffrey B. (eds.). American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-1-61069-568-8.
  687. ^ Johansen, Bruce Elliott (2007). The Praeger Handbook on Contemporary Issues in Native America, Volume 2: Legal, Cultural, and Environmental Revival. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 340. ISBN 978-0-275-99140-1. The usual Native name for New Age fakers is Twinkie.
  688. ^ Mihesuah, Devon A. (2009). American Indians: stereotypes & realities (updated ed.). Atlanta, Ga.: Clarity Press. ISBN 978-0-9328-6395-9. It's little wonder that Indians are closed-mouthed about their spirituality. Non-Indians claiming to be 'spiritual leaders,' 'healers,' and 'medicine men and women' abound in this country, and these 'crystal twinkies' (as a former Hopi student likes to call them) make a pretty decent living at deceiving the public.[page needed]
  689. ^ "Under fire for racist 'Type C' comment, fried chicken brand blames FB admin and reassigns her". Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  690. ^ "DarSA Fried Chicken Apologizes For Racist 'Type C' Comment, Highlighting Malaysia's Struggle With Racial Harmony". 7 May 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  691. ^ Pomerantsev, Sergei (23 April 2022). "How to Get Away with War: a corpus-driven study on Russian news media and the war in Ukraine in 2022" (PDF). University of Eastern Finland. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  692. ^ Rudnytska, Nataliia (2022). "Contesting Ukrainian Nationhood: Literary Translation and the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict". Respectus Philologicus. 42 (47): 94–109. doi:10.15388/respectus.2022.42.47.111. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  693. ^ Dack, Mikkel (15 September 2022). "Russia's harsh purge against alleged 'Nazis' in occupied Ukraine follows Soviet playbook for rooting out real Nazis from Germany after WWII". The Conversation. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  694. ^ "The Ukraine war, from Azovstal to 'Z'". ABS-CBN News. Agence France-Presse. 14 February 2023.
  695. ^ Dudko, Oksana (3 July 2022). "A conceptual limbo of genocide: Russian rhetoric, mass atrocities in Ukraine, and the current definition's limits". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 64 (2–3): 133–145. doi:10.1080/00085006.2022.2106691. ISSN 0008-5006. S2CID 252316182.
  696. ^ Putin unapologetic, uncompromising on war against Ukraine, Kyiv Post (18 December 2014)
  697. ^ Herbst (1997), pp. 221–222.
  698. ^ Oakes, Dougie (14 March 2021). "His daughter called him an Uncle Tom, but Abdullah Abdurahman fought for his principles". The Books Page. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  699. ^ "Pernah Diolok Onta, Gen Arab Najwa Hanya 3,4 Persen". Historia. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  700. ^ "Krysztopa w PR24: "Ukry! Rezuny! UPAina!" - To nie jest racjonalne, to jest głupie". TYSOL.PL. 30 November 2017.
  701. ^ "Wyborcza.pl". rzeszow.wyborcza.pl.
  702. ^ Elspeth Reeve (22 November 2011). "Yep, 'Uppity' Is Racist". The Atlantic.
  703. ^ "узкоглазый | это... Что такое узкоглазый?".
  704. ^ "Kielitoimiston sanakirja". www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  705. ^ Cawthorne, Andrew (27 January 2017). "Venezuela demands apology over Colombia VP's 'xenophobic' remarks". Reuters.
  706. ^ Octavia, Suzy Ratnasari (18 March 2022). "Arti Warga Vrindavan atau Prindapan yang Viral di Tiktok dan Sering Dipakai di Instagram". Pikiranrakyat.com. Media Blitar by Pikiran Rakyat. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  707. ^ Barrett, Grant (15 March 2005). "Vuzvuz". Waywordradio.org. Retrieved 2 July 2022. A Way with Words, a fun radio show and podcast about language
  708. ^ Partridge (2006b), p. 2059, Wagon burner
  709. ^ McGirt, Ellen (2 July 2019). "Welcome to Whitopia". Fortune. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2019. Wasichu" is the Lakota term for non-Indian white person, but it also means "the one who takes the best meat for himself.
  710. ^ Clarke, Donald. "All kinds of things can get you called a West Brit these days". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  711. ^ McNamee, Michael Sheils (26 September 2015). "Would you take offence at being called a West Brit? The term has a muddled history". TheJournal.ie.
  712. ^ Norquest, Carrol (1972). Rio Grande Wetbacks: Mexican Migrant Workers. Albuquerque, New Mexico: The University of New Mexico Press. Retrieved 1 November 2013 – via Education Resources Information Center.
  713. ^ "Abuse of Nauru judicial process continuing – Judge warns". Radio New Zealand. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  714. ^ Lowry, Rich (3 December 2003). "Sharpton's Victory". National Review. Archived from the original on 16 April 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  715. ^ Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-Century America. Joe Austin, New York University Press, 1998. p360.
  716. ^ Staples, Brent (22 October 2019). "How Italians became 'white'". bdnews24.com.
  717. ^ Jacobson, Matthew Frye (1998). Whiteness of a different color: European immigrants and the alchemy of race. Harvard University Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-0-674-06371-6.
  718. ^ Fannie Kemble, Journal (1835), p. 81
  719. ^ "Whitey". Princeton WordNet listing. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  720. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2004). "Wog". Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
  721. ^ "It's Not Okay To Call Me A Wog". HuffPost. 14 September 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  722. ^ "wop". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
  723. ^ Harper, Douglas. "wop". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  724. ^ "O que realmente significa 'Xing Ling'?". TecMundo. 21 June 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  725. ^ "16 Birmingham and Black Country slang terms explained". Time Out Birmingham. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  726. ^ "Audiencia en caso Mapuexpress: Querellante pidió censurar al medio a cambio de retirar la demanda". El Desconcierto (in Spanish). 27 July 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  727. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. "yankee". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  728. ^ "Перевод япошка с русского на все языки".
  729. ^ "Национальный корпус русского языка: поиск".
  730. ^ a b "yellow". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  731. ^ "Yid". Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  732. ^ Bartlett, Evan (1 February 2020) [13 February 2020]. "Why Tottenham have condemned the Oxford English Dictionary's new definition of the 'Y-word'". i. London.
  733. ^ "From Ionia to Vietnam". The Phnom Penh Post. 4 July 2003. Archived from the original on 4 August 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  734. ^ "Pejorative Terms "Yuon" and "Mien"". University Libraries University of Washington. Vietnam Studies Group. 2008. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014.
  735. ^ "The word 'yuon' and its origins". m.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  736. ^ "Investors wary as anti-Vietnamese feeling grows in Cambodia". Reuters. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  737. ^ "Black people in the Muslim world".
  738. ^ Dickson, Paul (2003). War Slang: American Fighting Words and Phrases Since the Civil War. Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 978-1-57488-710-5.
  739. ^ Katherine Kinney (2000). Friendly Fire: American images of the Vietnam War. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-19-802758-4. Retrieved 7 December 2011. zips in the wire vietnam war.
  740. ^ "Glossary of Military Terms & Slang from the Vietnam War". Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  741. ^ Queiroga, Louise (2 May 2019). "Brasileiros protestam contra xenofobia após ofensas na Universidade de Lisboa". O Globo.
  742. ^ "Estudantes portugueses oferecem pedras para atirar em alunos brasileiros". Exame. 30 April 2019.[permanent dead link]
  743. ^ Klier, John D. (1982). ""Zhid": Biography of a Russian Epithet". The Slavonic and East European Review. 60 (1): 1–15. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4208429.
  744. ^ "żyd i Żyd – Poradnia językowa PWN". Sjp.pwn.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 March 2022.

Bibliography

Further reading

Dictionaries