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Noveno caballo (caballo Deccan)

El Deccan Horse o 9 Horse es uno de los regimientos blindados más antiguos y condecorados del ejército indio . El Royal Deccan Horse (noveno caballo) , que era un regimiento de caballería regular del ejército indio británico, se formó a partir de la fusión de dos regimientos después de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Estuvieron en servicio desde el motín de 1857 hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial inclusive .

Formación

El noveno Caballo Real de Deccan puede rastrear su formación hasta 1790, cuando se llamaba Caballería Irregular de Asif Sah . Se levantaron dos regimientos para el servicio bajo el mando del Nizam de Hyderabad en Berar , que estaba aliado con la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales . [1]

Durante los años siguientes, los títulos de estos dos Regimientos sufrieron muchos cambios. Fueron conocidos por los siguientes títulos a lo largo de los años:

En 1903, durante la reforma del ejército indio por parte de Kitchener, el 'Contingente de Hyderabad' se incorporó a la Caballería india británica regular como los dos regimientos, el 20º Caballo Deccan y el 29º Lanceros (Caballo Deccan). En 1921, el 20º Deccan Horse recibió el título de "Real" por su distinguido servicio durante la Primera Guerra Mundial . En 1921, los dos regimientos se fusionaron bajo el nombre de "El 9º Caballo Real de Deccan". En 1927, la designación se cambió a "The Royal Deccan Horse (noveno caballo)". La composición de clases del regimiento en el momento del Contingente de Hyderabad era un escuadrón de sikhs , deccani mussalmans y jats . En 1927, la composición estaba formada por musulmanes punjabíes , sikhs y jats. [1] [3] [4] Cuando la India se convirtió en República en 1950, el nombre del regimiento finalmente se cambió a "El Caballo Deccan (9º Caballo)".

Historia

El Deccan Horse, que siguió siendo un cuerpo local en Deccan , fue llamado con frecuencia al servicio durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. Esto incluyó operaciones en la frontera para frenar las incursiones de los Pindaris (1811), en Aurangabad contra los Naiks en Central Berar (1817), la Tercera Guerra Anglo-Maratha de 1817-18, los asedios de Nowah y Umerkher en enero de 1819, en operaciones en Raichur Doab (1819), contra los Bhils en Kingaon , ataque al fuerte de Dandoti (1828), contra Bhils en Lonar (1829), ataque al fuerte de Kaptak (1830), toma del fuerte en Nandgaon ( 1832), captura del fuerte de Nanand (1833), contra los Bhils en Jafferabad y Dhar , al norte de Jalna , contra los árabes cerca de Afzalpur (1841), contra los Rohillas en Warur y Bairugarh (1842), contra los Rohillas cerca de Nander y en la captura del fuerte de Saorgaon (1842), contra Bhils (1845-1846), el ataque al fuerte de Kandat (1847), en la sofocación de una rebelión de Rohilla y en la captura del fuerte de Rai Mhow (1848). ), asedio de Dharur (1851) y asedio de Sailur (1854). [5]

Caballería irregular del contingente de Hyderabad, montada, 1862

Tras la formación del Contingente de Hyderabad, la unidad entró en acción en muchos lugares alrededor y después de la Rebelión India de 1857 ( Dhar , Jhansi , Piplia, Río Betwa , Rawal, Banda , Mandesur , Kunch, Ratgarh, Kalpi , Madanpur, Bilawa, Chanderi , Gwalior y Garakota ) ganó una Victoria Cross (VC) en 1859 y también recibió el honor de batalla, 'India Central' por sus esfuerzos para reprimir el motín de 1857-1858. [sesenta y cinco]

Estándar del 1.er Lanceros, Contingente de Hyderabad

Los oficiales y tropas del regimiento participaron en la Segunda Guerra Afgana , la campaña de Tirah , la Fuerza de Campaña del Valle de Kurram (1879-1880), la Guerra de Birmania (1886-1888), en África Central (1891-1892), en el Noroeste. Expedición fronteriza (1897-1898), en China durante la Rebelión de los Bóxers (1900) y en la Guerra de Sudáfrica (1900-1901). [3] [5]

Primera Guerra Mundial

El vigésimo caballo de Deccan fue enviado a Francia para prestar servicio en el frente occidental . El regimiento estaba estacionado en Bolarum antes de la guerra. Zarpó de Bombay a bordo del SS Ellora y del HMT Egra el 15 de septiembre de 1914 con destino a Marsella . [7] Era parte de la 9.ª Brigada de Caballería (Secunderabad) de la 2.ª División de Caballería de la India . [8] El regimiento permaneció en las cercanías de Marsella del 12 al 23 de octubre de 1914, tras lo cual se trasladó a Orleans . Se trasladó a Vieille-Chapelle en noviembre y participó en combates alrededor de Festubert en noviembre y diciembre de 1914. Participó en el ataque a Givenchy y sufrió numerosas bajas. El regimiento permaneció detrás de las líneas durante la mayor parte de 1915.

On 14 July 1916 during the Battle of Bazentin Ridge, part of the Battle of the Somme, the 20th Deccan with the 7th Dragoon Guards (the 9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade) were called forward to support the first attack on High Wood. Catching some German infantry in the open, they charged with lance and sword, killing 16 and capturing 32 Germans for the cost of 6 killed 45 wounded, with 12 horses killed and 52 wounded, mainly after the regiment had dismounted to hold the captured ground. They were withdrawn on the following morning, but the charge was given a favourable mention in Sir Douglas Haig's dispatches and received much coverage from the British press, anxious for some news of success.[9]

The 20th Deccan Horse in the Carnoy Valley shortly before their unsuccessful attack at High Wood during the Somme offensive, 14 July 1916
Deccan Horse, Bazentin Ridge in The Battle of the Somme, 1916

The regiment landed in Egypt on 10 April 1918 and moved to Tell El Kebir, Kantara and finally to Belah on 27 April 1918 to join the 14th Cavalry Brigade of the 5th Cavalry Division. The regiment was involved in frequent encounters with the Turkish forces in July and August 1918. The regiment moved to Deiran (Palestine) and fought in the Battle of Megiddo.[10][11]

The 29th Lancers were also sent to France they formed part of the 8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division.[8] Both regiments would at times serve as Infantry in the trenches, before being withdrawn for service in Palestine.[1]

Troops of the 29th Lancers Regiment (Deccan Horse) near Pys, armed with lances and making their way through a shell torn landscape, following the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line, March 1917.

World War II

During the Second World War, the regiment converted to tanks and became part of the 255th Indian Tank Brigade.[12] The regiment along with 16th Light Cavalry, 5th King Edward's Own Probyn's Horse and 116th Royal Armoured Corps (Gordon Highlanders) reached Kanglatongbi in Assam in October 1944, where training and exercises took place. The regiment then proceeded east and took part in the re-conquest of Burma.[13][14]

Sherman tank of the 9th Royal Deccan Horse on the road to Meiktila, 29 March 1945

Post Independence

Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948

A squadron of the regiment fought in the Jammu and Kashmir operations (1948–49) in Chhamb sector. Tanks of the regiment were rafted across the Chenab River at Akhnoor.[15][16]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

During the war, the regiment with its Sherman tanks saw fierce action in the Khemkaran Sector. It was one of the main units responsible for creating the 'Patton Graveyard' of Pakistani tanks. In the Battle of Asal Uttar, Pakistan lost 97 tanks including 75 of the latest Pattons. The Indians lost 14 tanks including 10 of the Deccan horse.[17] The regiment won 24 decorations and the battle honours "Asal Uttar" and "Punjab 1965". The Commandant of the Regiment, Lt Col (later Gen) A S Vaidya was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for leading the regiment with gallantry.[18][19]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

In this conflict, The Deccan Horse with its T-54 tanks was once again at the forefront of the fight in the Battle of Chamb.[20] The unit was part of the 10 Infantry Division. The Regimental headquarters and two squadron were with the 191 Infantry Brigade.[21] The third squadron less a troop were with the 52 Infantry Brigade. It won six Gallantry awards. This gallant battle by the Regiment blunted and stalled the largest offensive ever mounted by Pakistan since Independence.

Awards and honours

The unit was one of the most decorated regiments of the British Indian Army and has continued to show its valour under the Indian Army. Prominent winners of gallantry awards include:

Early years[22][5]

For conspicuous bravery in charging the, Rebels into Chichumbah with only eight men of his Regiment (the 2nd Cavalry Hyderabad Contingent), compelling them to re-enter the Town, and finally to abandon their plunder. He was severely wounded himself, and lost seven out of the eight men who accompanied him.[24]

Imperial Visit to India, 1911[25]

The following were honoured during the Imperial Visit of King George V to India

World War I
The Deccan Horse War Memorial, Jammu and Kashmir

On 23rd September 1918 on the west bank of the River Jordan, Palestine, when his squadron was charging a strong enemy position, Risaldar Badlu Singh realised that heavy casualties were being inflicted from a small hill occupied by machine-guns and 200 infantry. Without any hesitation he collected six other ranks and with entire disregard of danger he charged and captured the position. He was mortally wounded on the very top of the hill when capturing one of the machine-guns single handed, but all the guns and infantry had surrendered to him before he died.[26][27]

23 September is commemorated as "Jordan Valley Day" every year in the Regiment. Other gallantry awards include:

World War II
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
President's Guidon

In recognition of its distinguished service, the Deccan Horse was selected for presentation of a "Guidon" by the President of India Giani Zail Singh at Nabha on 9 January 1984.[41][42]

Regimental insignia

The Deccan Horse (9 HORSE) Regimental Insignia

The insignia of the 9th Royal Deccan Horse consisted of crossed lances with letters 'R.D.H.' within the garter surmounted by the crown. The present Regimental insignia consists of crossed lances with pennons of Red over White mounted with the State Emblem of India and a scroll at the base with the words The Deccan Horse. The numeral "9" is inscribed on the crossing of the lances along with the motto of the Regiment in Devanagari script. The motto of the Regiment is संघे शक्ति (Sanghe Shakti) which means "In Association, there is Strength".

References

  1. ^ a b c d "geocities". Archived from the original on 23 October 2009.
  2. ^ Supplement to the Indian Army list, January 1937. Defence Department, Government of India. 1937. pp. 417–418.
  3. ^ a b Jackson, Donovan (1940). India's Army. Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd. pp. 79–84.
  4. ^ Supplement to the Indian Army list, January 1937. Defence Department, Government of India. 1937. pp. 417–418.
  5. ^ a b c d Burton, Major Reginald George (1905). A History of the Hyderabad Contingent. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
  6. ^ Hodder, Reginald (1940). Famous fights of Indian native regiments. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 166.
  7. ^ "H.M.T. Egra". Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  8. ^ a b "cwgc.org". Archived from the original on 14 September 2012.
  9. ^ Hay, George (16 July 2016). "Riding for the G in GAP". nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  10. ^ Falls, Cyril; A. F. Becke (maps) (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. London: HM Stationery Office. OCLC 256950972. p. 667
  11. ^ "20th Deccan Horse in World War 1". Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  12. ^ "wewerethere". Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
  13. ^ McKelvie, Roy (1948). The War in Burma. Methuel and Co Ltd, London. pp. 256, 266.
  14. ^ Mylne, BH (2012). An Account of the Operations in Burma Carried Out by Probyn's Horse During February, March and April 1945. Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1845743222.
  15. ^ Bajwa, KS (203). Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947-1948: Political and Military Perspective. Har-Anand Publications. p. 241. ISBN 978-8124109236.
  16. ^ "Deccan Horse Stamp 1984". Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Battle of Asal Uttar (1965)— Part 2". 15 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  18. ^ "' Recalling the Indo-Pak War of 1965' in The Week". The Week. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  19. ^ Bajwa, Farooq Naseem (2013). From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1849042307.
  20. ^ Singh, Sukhwant (1998). India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border. Spantech. ISBN 978-1897829424.
  21. ^ Singh, Jagjit (1994). Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971. Spantech & Lancer. p. 79. ISBN 978-1897829554.
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  24. ^ "No. 22318". The London Gazette. 21 October 1859. p. 3792.
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  26. ^ London Gazette, 27 November 1918
  27. ^ "Badlu Singh VC". Retrieved 14 November 2020.
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  29. ^ The Tiger Strikes. Director of Public Relations, India Command, Government of India. 1942. p. 147.
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  33. ^ "INVESTITURE CEREMONY AT RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 19 April 1966.
  34. ^ "Trilok Singh VrC". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Achhar Singh VrC". Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
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  38. ^ "Sushil Kumar VrC". Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  39. ^ "Brahma Nand VrC". Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Jai Singh VrC". Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
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  42. ^ Publications Division, Director (1987). Speeches of President Giani Zail Singh Vol 1. Publications Division, Government of India.