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Mención de unidad presidencial (Estados Unidos)

La Mención Presidencial de Unidad ( PUC ), originalmente llamada Mención Distinguida de Unidad , se otorga a las unidades de los servicios uniformados de los Estados Unidos y de los países aliados por su extraordinario heroísmo en acción contra un enemigo armado a partir del 7 de diciembre de 1941 (fecha del ataque a Pearl Harbor y el inicio de la participación estadounidense en la Segunda Guerra Mundial ). La unidad debe mostrar tal valentía, determinación y espíritu de cuerpo en el cumplimiento de su misión en condiciones extremadamente difíciles y peligrosas que la diferencie y la supere de otras unidades que participan en la misma campaña.

Desde su creación por el presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt con la firma de la Orden Ejecutiva 9075 el 26 de febrero de 1942, retroactiva al 7 de diciembre de 1941, hasta 2008, la Mención de Unidad Presidencial se ha otorgado en conflictos como la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la Guerra de Corea , la Guerra de Vietnam , la Guerra de Irak y la Guerra de Afganistán .

El grado colectivo de valor (heroísmo de combate) contra un enemigo armado por parte de la unidad nominada para la PUC es el mismo que el que justificaría la concesión de la condecoración individual de la Cruz de Servicio Distinguido , la Cruz de la Fuerza Aérea o la Cruz de la Marina . En algunos casos, una o más personas dentro de la unidad también pueden haber recibido condecoraciones individuales por su contribución a las acciones por las que toda su unidad recibió una Mención Presidencial de Unidad. Las unidades con más Menciones Presidenciales de Unidad son el submarino USS  Parche  (SSN-683) y la 1.ª División de Infantería de Marina , ambas con nueve menciones. [6]

Creación y formato oficial

Ejército, Fuerza Aérea y Fuerza Espacial

La mención del Ejército fue establecida por la Orden Ejecutiva 9075 el 26 de febrero de 1942, reemplazada por la Orden Ejecutiva 9396 el 2 de diciembre de 1943, que autorizó la Mención de Unidad Distinguida . [7] [8] Al igual que con otras menciones de unidades del Ejército, la PUC está en un marco más grande que otras cintas y se usa sobre el bolsillo derecho. Todos los miembros de la unidad pueden usar la condecoración, hayan participado o no personalmente en los actos por los cuales la unidad fue citada; solo aquellos miembros asignados a la unidad en el momento de la acción citada pueden usar la condecoración como un premio permanente. Tanto para el Ejército, la Fuerza Aérea y la Fuerza Espacial, el emblema es una cinta azul sólida encerrada en un marco dorado .

La PUC de las Fuerzas Aéreas y Espaciales se adoptó de la Mención de Unidad Distinguida del Ejército después de que la Fuerza Aérea se convirtiera en una rama militar separada en 1947. Por la Orden Ejecutiva 10694, de fecha 10 de enero de 1957, el Departamento de la Fuerza Aérea renombró la Mención de Unidad Distinguida como la Mención de Unidad Presidencial. [9] La PUC de las Fuerzas Aéreas y Espaciales tiene el mismo color y diseño que la PUC del Ejército, pero un poco más pequeña, de modo que se puede usar en alineación con otras cintas de la Fuerza Aérea y la Fuerza Espacial en el bolsillo izquierdo después de los premios personales. Al igual que con el Ejército, todos los miembros de una unidad receptora pueden usar la condecoración mientras estén asignados a ella, pero solo aquellos asignados a la unidad en el momento de la acción citada pueden usar la condecoración como un premio permanente; o si algún miembro de una unidad receptora la tenía en su último puesto de servicio antes de ser dado de baja o jubilado, puede continuar usando la condecoración según lo prescrito.

La condecoración se lleva en los colores de la unidad receptora en forma de una cinta azul de 1,2 m (4 pies) de largo y 7 cm (2,75 pulgadas) de ancho. En el Ejército, solo en raras ocasiones una unidad mayor que un batallón podrá optar a esta condecoración. [8]

Banderín y cinta de citación de unidad presidencial de la Armada otorgados en 1944 al Grupo de Tareas 22.3 .

Marina y Cuerpo de Marines

Las menciones "a las Unidades Navales y del Cuerpo de Marines por su desempeño sobresaliente en acción" fueron establecidas por la Orden Ejecutiva 9050 el 6 de febrero de 1942.

La versión de la Marina tiene rayas horizontales de color azul marino, amarillo y rojo, y es la única cinta de la Marina que tiene rayas horizontales. [10] Para distinguir entre las dos versiones de la Mención Presidencial de Unidad, la versión de la Marina, a la que se suele denominar simplemente Mención Presidencial de Unidad, se denomina Mención Presidencial de Unidad de la Marina y, a veces, "Mención Presidencial de Unidad de la Marina y el Cuerpo de Marines". La cinta solo la llevan los miembros del servicio de la Marina y el Cuerpo de Marines que fueron asignados a la unidad durante el "período de concesión". En el Ejército, aquellos que se unen a la unidad después del "período de concesión" también pueden llevarla mientras estén asignados a la unidad. ALNan 137–43 establece que la primera concesión tiene una estrella esmaltada azul en la cinta y estrellas adicionales para las concesiones posteriores. [11] [12] En 1945, el Secretario de la Marina escribió la PUC de Iwo Jima sin la línea "y todos los adscritos o que prestan servicio con". En 1949, el premio se modificó y no hubo estrella para el primer premio y sí estrellas de bronce para los premios posteriores.

Cierres especiales

USSNautilo(SSN-571)

Para conmemorar el primer viaje sumergido bajo el Polo Norte realizado por el submarino de propulsión nuclear USS  Nautilus  (SSN-571) en 1958, todos los miembros de su tripulación que realizaron ese viaje fueron autorizados a llevar su cinta de Citación Presidencial de Unidad con un broche especial en forma de una letra N de imprenta dorada. [13] A los marineros de la Marina de los EE. UU. asignados al monumento conmemorativo del USS Nautilus en el Museo de la Fuerza Submarina en Groton, Connecticut , se les permite llevar la Citación Presidencial de Unidad de la Marina con el dispositivo "N" mientras prestan servicio allí.

A partir de 2014, el mismo dispositivo podrá otorgarse para la Medalla de Servicio en Operaciones de Disuasión Nuclear a aquel personal que trabaje en apoyo directo de operaciones de ICBM y que preste servicio durante 179 días no consecutivos enviado a un complejo de misiles. [14]

USSTritón(SSRN-586)

Para conmemorar la primera circunnavegación sumergida del mundo realizada por el submarino de propulsión nuclear Tritón durante su crucero de prueba en 1960, todos los miembros de su tripulación que hicieron ese viaje fueron autorizados a llevar su cinta de Citación de Unidad Presidencial con un broche especial en forma de una réplica dorada del globo terráqueo. [15]

Guardia Costera

Las unidades de la Guardia Costera de los Estados Unidos pueden recibir la versión de la Marina o de la Guardia Costera de la Citación de Unidad Presidencial, dependiendo del servicio que la Guardia Costera apoyaba cuando se realizó la acción de citación.

La condecoración actual se conoce como "Mención Presidencial de Unidad del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional". La Mención Presidencial de Unidad de la Guardia Costera original se estableció bajo la autoridad de la Orden Ejecutiva 10694 (firmada por el presidente Dwight D. Eisenhower el 10 de enero de 1957), y se modificó mediante la Sección 74 de la Orden Ejecutiva 13286 (firmada por el presidente George W. Bush el 28 de febrero de 2003) para transferir la concesión de la PUC de la Guardia Costera de los EE. UU. al Secretario de Seguridad Nacional.

Cierre especial

El presidente George W. Bush otorgó una versión de la Guardia Costera de este premio a todo el personal de la Guardia Costera y de la Guardia Costera Auxiliar de los Estados Unidos por las operaciones de rescate y socorro en respuesta al huracán Katrina del 29 de agosto de 2005 al 13 de septiembre de 2005. Todos los que recibieron el premio por responder al huracán Katrina están autorizados a llevar la cinta de Citación Presidencial de Unidad con un broche especial en forma del símbolo de huracán reconocido internacionalmente. [16]

Cuerpo de Comisionados del Servicio de Salud Pública de los Estados Unidos

La Mención Presidencial del Servicio de Salud Pública de los Estados Unidos se estableció en 2015. El diseño fue finalizado por el Instituto de Heráldica del Ejército el 17 de agosto de 2015. [17] El 24 de septiembre de 2015, el presidente Barack Obama entregó la Mención Presidencial de Unidad a los oficiales del Cuerpo Comisionado del Servicio de Salud Pública de los Estados Unidos por la epidemia de ébola de 2013-2016 en África Occidental y los Estados Unidos. [18] El 19 de enero de 2021, el presidente Donald Trump entregó la mención a todos los oficiales del Cuerpo Comisionado que sirvieron entre 2020 y 2021, por su extraordinario desempeño del deber durante la pandemia de COVID-19 . [19] [ fuente no primaria necesaria ] Se coloca un marco dorado alrededor de la cinta de la Mención Presidencial de Unidad para indicar un segundo premio. [20]

Destinatarios

Segunda Guerra Mundial

Ejército


Fuerzas aéreas del ejército

Marine Corps

Korean War

Air Force

Marine Corps

Army

United Nations Forces

Cold War

Vietnam War

Persian Gulf War

Global War on Terrorism

Iraq War

Other actions

U.S. and Non-U.S. Unit recipients

For a full list of non-U.S. units receiving Distinguished Unit Citations and later the renamed Presidential Unit Citation see Non-U.S. recipients of U.S. gallantry awards#Unit citations

World War II

A reconnaissance and intelligence unit (1st Bn.) of the 394th Infantry Regiment, on the 16th December 1944 at Losheimergraben, found itself in a situation which turned into a decisive battle with an overwhelming German Paratrooper Bn. Almost 40 years later their heroic fight was awarded with the Presidential Unit Citation Order No. 26 in 1981.[84] The memorial plaque is mounted on a stone at the N626 at the Losheimergraben crossroads.

Memorial plaque for Presidential Unit Citation near Losheimergraben

Erected in honor of the 1st Bn., 394th Infantry Regiment and attached units of the 99th Division, whose valor and heroic action at this location on Dec. 16th, 1944, was recognized by award of the Presidential Unit Citation No. 26[84]

Says Captain John Della-Giustina, "For their exploits, the I&R Platoon, 394th Infantry Regiment, 99th Infantry Division, would later become "the most heavily decorated platoon for a single action in World War II."[85]

Two units of the Free French Forces were awarded Presidential Unit Citations during World War II. The first was the 2nd Armored Division, which received the award after the liberation of Strasbourg; the second was the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment, which received it in 1946 with the inscription 'Rhine-Bavarian Alps'.

On April 22, 1986, the 1st Fighter Aviation Group of the Força Aérea Brasileira (the Brazilian Air Force) was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its actions in the Po Valley region of Italy in World War II. The Brazilians, operating in Italy in support of Allied forces, destroyed in one day (April 22, 1945) over 45 vehicles, strafed pontoon bridges on the River Po (hampering a German retreat) and harassed fixed positions of the German forces. From the citation:[86]

The casualties that they suffered reduced their pilot strength to about one half that of the United States Army Air Force squadrons operating in the same area, but they flew an equal number of sorties as their US counterparts ... Eleven missions of 44 sorties were flown destroying nine motor transports and damaging 17. Additionally, they destroyed the facilities of a motor pool, immobilized 35 horse vehicles, damaged a road bridge and a pontoon bridge, destroyed 14 and damaged three enemy-occupied buildings, and attacked four military positions and inflicted much other damage.[citation needed]

Korean War

The 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment and Troop C, 170th Independent Mortar Battery RA of the British Army were both awarded US Presidential Unit Citations for their defense of Hill 235 while surrounded by Chinese forces during the Battle of the Imjin River also known by the US as the Battle of Solmari. The 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry and 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment were awarded the citation for their actions during the Battle of Kapyong, shortly afterwards.

One Belgian-Luxembourgian battalion of the Belgian United Nations Command (now the 3rd Parachute Regiment,) was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation once for actions during the Battle of the Imjin River.

The Colombia Battalion received the citation while attached to the American 21st Infantry Regiment in 1951.[87]

One Dutch unit, the Netherlands Detachment United Nations, part of the Regiment Van Heutsz, was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation twice for actions during the Korean War. The first citation was awarded after the battle near Wonju and Hoengson in February 1951. The unit was awarded a second time for its bravery during the Soyang River Battle in May–June 1951.

President Harry Truman signed a Distinguished Unit Citation (now the Presidential Unit Citation) on July 11, 1951, for the Turkish Brigade's acts of heroism. It reads: "The Turkish Brigade, a member of the United Nations Forces in Korea is cited for exceptionally outstanding performance of duty in combat in the area of Kumyangjang-ni, Korea, from 25 to 27 January 1951."

The Greek Expeditionary Force (Korea), Sparta Battalion, received its first US Presidential Unit Citation in February 1952 for the capture of Scotch Hill. It was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for the second time for their actions in the defense of Outpost Harry while vastly outnumbered by Chinese forces, June 18, 1953. The 13th Flight of the Royal Hellenic Air Force received a US Presidential Unit Citation for its participation in the evacuation of US Marines at Hagaru-ri in December 1950.

The French battalion of the UN forces in Korea, attached to the 23rd Infantry Regiment, US 2nd Infantry Division ("Indian Head"), received 3 Distinguished Unit Citations in 1951 : on February 20, July 11 (actions in Chipyong-Ni) and August 9 (as part of the 2nd Infantry Division).

The 2 Squadron SAAF of South Africa was awarded the honor, which was presented in August 1956.[88]

41 Commando Royal Marines was awarded the US Navy and Marine Corps PUC for its actions at the Chosin Reservoir while attached to the 1st Marine Division.

The 17th Bombardment Group was awarded the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for the period May 24, 1952 – March 31, 1953 and Distinguished Unit Citation for actions December 1, 1952 – April 30, 1953.[89][90]

Vietnam War

President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded a Presidential Unit Citation to 1st Brigade 101st Airborne June 2–22 during Operation Hawthorne Dak To Province elements of 327th Tiger Force & Attached Recon of A troop 17th Cavalry also were awarded a Vietnam Presidential Unit Citation from South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ for extraordinary heroism; the 2nd 327 also received a second Presidential citation from President Johnson at the Battle of Tou Mourong in 1966.

A Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to D Company, 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, on 28 May 1968, for the units actions during the Battle of Long Tan on 18 August 1966.

In 1968 The Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to units of the 3rd Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division (2/12th Inf, 3/22nd Inf,2/22nd Mech Inf, 2/77th Artillery and Brigade Command unit at the battle site) for their participation in the Battle of Suoi Tre. In addition elements of the 2/34th Armor were also awarded the PUC for their participation in that battle. That battle would have the distinction of killing more of the enemy in a one-day battle of the entire war. 647 dead enemy soldiers were recovered from the battle site at the conclusion of the battle. See PUC General Orders 59, dated 21 October 1968

In 1968, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 3d Marine Division (Reinforced) "for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty" ... "from 8 March 1965 to 15 September 1967." See MCBul 1650 for included units list.

In 1969, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to USS Harnett County (LST-821) by President Richard Nixon, for Extraordinary Heroism during the period 12 December 1968 to 30 April 1969 supporting Operation Giant Slingshot on the Vam Co Dong River. <Award Citation>

In 2012, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 4th contingent, CDT3 [Clearance Diving Team 3], Royal Australian Navy for service during the Vietnam War in 1968/69.

In 1977, the Presidential Unit Citation was presented to New Zealand's 161 Battery in 1977 for service during the Vietnam War in 1965–66.[91][92]

In 1971, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 3d Armored Cavalry Squadron, Army of the Republic of Vietnam and attached U.S. Advisor/Liaison Personnel for extraordinary heroism during the period 1 January 1968 to 30 September 1968 in actions in Pleiku and Binh Dinh Provinces. (DA General Order No. 24, 27 April 1971.)[59]

In 2001, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force 219th Helicopter Squadron (South Vietnam), Danang, Republic of Vietnam while assigned or attached to MACV-SOG for extraordinary heroism, great combat achievement and unwavering fidelity while executing unheralded top secret missions deep behind enemy lines across Southeast Asia during the period 24 January 1964 to 30 April 1972. (DA General Order No. 25, 8 June 2001.)[60]

In 1966, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 514th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty in combat against an armed enemy of the Republic of Vietnam throughout the period 1 January 1964 to 28 February 1965.

In 1968 and 1970 the Air Force's 56 Special Operations Wing (56 SOW) was awarded two Presidential Unit Citations for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty while conducting Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in North Vietnam and Laos as well as strike, interdiction and Forward Air Control (FAC) operations against hostile forces.[citation needed]

Units of the Army, 3rd battalion, 16th Artillery were awarded the presidential unit citation for actions during the January, 1968 Tet offensive in Vietnam. They provided sustained artillery fire under severe conditions that protected their own troops and prevented the attacking forces of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong from retreating. The support they provided lasted for 72 hours, during which time the troops had no sleep and no time to eat. Some units of the 16th artillery received sniper and mortar fire but continued supporting troops in spite of the risks involved.

In 1973 the PUC was awarded to Carrier Air Wing Nine and USS Constellation for extrarodinary heroism. On May 10, 1972, VF-92 and VF-96 shot down 7 Migs tying the single day record of any air unit. Wing pilots received 5 Navy Crosses, and 24 Silver Stars.[93]

Operation Enduring Freedom

On December 7, 2004, the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force-South, known as Task Force K-Bar, a special collection of U.S. and international special forces units, was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. This award, for service between 17 October 2001 and 30 March 2002, was very unusual in that it was made to multiple international units fighting in the War in Afghanistan.[94]

The following units were recognized:

In the Presidential Unit Citation for Task Force K-BAR, Major General W. Semianiw, Chief Military Personnel For the Chief of the Defense Staff, stated:

Operating first from Oman and then from forward locations throughout the southern and eastern regions of Afghanistan, successfully executed its primary mission to conduct special operations in support of the United States' efforts to destroy, degrade, and neutralize the Taliban and Al-Qaeda leadership and military. During its six-month existence, this Task Force was the driving force behind extremely high-risk missions and unconventional warfare operations in Afghanistan. The sailors, soldiers, airmen, marines and coalition partners of CJSOTF-South established benchmark standards of professionalism, tenacity, courage, tactical brilliance, and operational excellence while demonstrating superb esprit de corps and maintaining the highest measures of combat readiness. By their outstanding courage, resourcefulness and aggressive fighting spirit in combat against a well-equipped, well-trained, and treacherous terrorist enemy, the officers and enlisted personnel of CJSOTF-South/Task-Force K-BAR reflected great credit upon themselves and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Armed Forces.[95]

— cquote

In 2012, the Navy and Marine Corps Presidential Unit Citation was awarded and presented at the U.S. Embassy in Canberra to two members of the Australian Army for service as embedded members of the Marine Expeditionary Brigade-Afghanistan for outstanding performance in action against enemy forces from 29 May 2009 to 12 April 2010, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

See also

Notes

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References

External links

Media related to Presidential Unit Citation at Wikimedia Commons