En las elecciones de 2018, los demócratas , liderados por Nancy Pelosi , ganaron el control de la Cámara de Representantes. Los demócratas ganaron un total neto de 41 escaños del número total de escaños que habían ganado en las elecciones de 2016. La ganancia de 41 escaños fue la mayor ganancia de escaños en la Cámara de Representantes de los demócratas desde las elecciones posteriores a Watergate de 1974 , cuando obtuvieron 49 escaños. Esta fue la primera vez desde 1954 que los demócratas dieron vuelta una cámara del Congreso en las primeras elecciones intermedias de un presidente republicano. Los demócratas también ganaron el voto popular por un margen del 8,6%, el mayor margen de victoria para cualquier partido durante una elección de mitad de período desde 1986 .
En la apertura del 116.º Congreso, Pelosi fue elegida presidenta de la Cámara de Representantes . [5] El actual presidente de la Cámara de Representantes, el republicano Paul Ryan, decidió no postularse para otro mandato. [6] En noviembre de 2018, los republicanos de la Cámara de Representantes eligieron a Kevin McCarthy como líder de la minoría de la Cámara de Representantes. [7]
A partir de 2024, esta es la última vez que los demócratas lograron avances netos en la Cámara de Representantes. También marca la última vez que los demócratas ganaron escaños en la Cámara de Representantes en Oklahoma y Utah , la última vez que obtuvieron la mayoría de los escaños en Iowa y Minnesota , y la última vez que ganaron todos los escaños con sede en la ciudad de Nueva York , el condado de Los Ángeles o el condado de Orange, California .
Resumen y análisis de resultados
Federal
El Partido Demócrata ganó el control de la Cámara de Representantes en las elecciones intermedias de 2018. Los demócratas ganaron un total neto de 41 escaños del número total de escaños que habían ganado en las elecciones de 2016. Esta fue su mayor ganancia de escaños en la Cámara en una elección desde las elecciones de 1974 , cuando los demócratas ganaron 49 escaños en la Cámara. [8] [9] [10] [11] Los demócratas ganaron el voto popular por más de 9,7 millones de votos, o el 8,6%, [12] el mayor margen de mitad de período para cualquier partido [13] y el mayor margen registrado para un partido minoritario. [14]
La participación electoral en estas elecciones fue del 50,3%, [1] la participación más alta en una elección de mitad de período en Estados Unidos desde 1914. [ 16]
Escaños en la Cámara por partido con mayoría relativa en el estado
Cambios netos en los escaños de la Cámara de Representantes de EE. UU. después de las elecciones de 2018 +1 escaño demócrata en la Cámara de Representantes +2 escaños demócratas en la Cámara de Representantes +3–4 escaños demócratas en la Cámara de Representantes +7 escaños demócratas en la Cámara de Representantes Ambos partidos ganaron 2 escaños y perdieron 2 escaños, sin cambio neto.
Resultados sombreados según el porcentaje de votos obtenido por el candidato ganador
Jubilaciones
En las elecciones generales de noviembre, 55 titulares no buscaron la reelección, algunos de los cuales buscaron otros cargos electivos.
Oklahoma 1 : Jim Bridenstine anunció su retiro el 10 de noviembre de 2017. Renunció el 23 de abril de 2018, después de ser confirmado como Administrador de la NASA ; su reemplazo fue sentado el 6 de noviembre de 2018.
Pensilvania 6 : Ryan Costello se retiró debido a "la familia, el entorno político y la redistribución de distritos". [29]
Vacantes durante el 115º Congreso que no dieron lugar a una elección especial
3 republicanos, todos ellos ya anunciaron su retiro, renunciaron anticipadamente
Florida 6 : Ron DeSantis renunció el 10 de septiembre de 2018, retroactivo al 1 de septiembre, para centrarse en su campaña para gobernador de Florida. [41] [42] Este puesto quedó vacante hasta que el 116.º Congreso prestó juramento el 3 de enero de 2019.
Oklahoma 1 : Jim Bridenstine renunció el 23 de abril de 2018 para convertirse en director de la NASA. [43] Este puesto quedó vacante hasta que Kevin Hern prestó juramento el 13 de noviembre de 2018, tras haber ganado las elecciones programadas para el próximo mandato completo. [44] [45]
Ochenta y nueve carreras se decidieron por un margen del 10% o menos.
Calificaciones electorales
Elecciones especiales
Elecciones ordenadas por fecha de elección.
Demografía de los votantes
Fuente: Encuesta de salida de Edison Research para el National Election Pool [49]
Fechas de elecciones
Para las elecciones regularmente programadas para el mes de noviembre.
Alabama
La delegación del Congreso estatal se mantuvo igual, 6-1 para los republicanos.
Alaska
Los republicanos mantuvieron el control del único escaño del estado.
Arizona
La delegación del Congreso estatal pasó de una mayoría republicana de 5-4 a una mayoría demócrata de 5-4.
Arkansas
La delegación del Congreso estatal se mantuvo igual con una mayoría republicana de 4-0.
California
La mayoría demócrata aumentó de 39-14 a 46-7.
Colorado
La delegación del Congreso estatal pasó de una mayoría republicana de 4-3 a una mayoría demócrata de 4-3.
Connecticut
La delegación del Congreso estatal se mantuvo sin cambios en 5-0 demócratas.
Delaware
Los demócratas conservaron el control del único escaño del estado.
Florida
La mayoría republicana se redujo de 16-11 a 14-13.
Georgia
La mayoría republicana se redujo de 10-4 a 9-5.
Hawai
Hawaii mantuvo su dominio demócrata de 2-0.
Idaho
Idaho mantuvo su dominio republicano de 2-0.
Illinois
La mayoría demócrata aumentó de 11-7 a 13-5.
Indiana
La mayoría republicana se mantuvo en 7-2.
Iowa
La delegación de Iowa pasó de una mayoría republicana de 3-1 a una mayoría demócrata de 3-1.
Kansas
La mayoría republicana cayó de 4-0 a 3-1.
Kentucky
Los republicanos mantuvieron su mayoría de 5-1.
Luisiana
Todos los titulares fueron reelegidos y los republicanos mantuvieron su mayoría de 5 a 1.
Maine
El empate 1-1 se convirtió en un triunfo demócrata de 2-0. Esta fue la primera vez que se utilizó la votación por orden de preferencia para decidir una contienda para la Cámara de Representantes.
Maryland
Los demócratas mantuvieron su mayoría de 7-1.
Massachusetts
Los demócratas mantuvieron su ventaja de 9-0.
Michigan
La delegación pasó de una mayoría republicana de 9-5 a una división de 7-7.
Minnesota
Aunque la mitad de los escaños cambiaron de partido, los demócratas mantuvieron la misma mayoría de 5-3.
Misisipí
Los republicanos mantuvieron su mayoría de 3-1 en el estado.
Misuri
Los republicanos mantuvieron su mayoría de 6-2 escaños.
Montana
Los republicanos mantuvieron el control del único escaño de la Cámara.
Nebraska
Los republicanos mantuvieron su mayoría de 3-0.
Nevada
Los demócratas mantuvieron su mayoría de 3-1.
Nuevo Hampshire
Los demócratas mantuvieron el control de ambos escaños en la Cámara.
Nueva Jersey
La delegación del Congreso estatal cambió de 7-5 para los demócratas a 11-1 para los demócratas.
Nuevo Méjico
La delegación del Congreso estatal cambió de 2-1 para los demócratas a que los 3 escaños estén controlados por demócratas.
Nueva York
Los demócratas aumentaron su mayoría de escaños en la delegación del Congreso de Nueva York de 18-9 a 21-6.
North Carolina
Due to allegations of electoral fraud, the 116th Congress was sworn in with one seat vacant.[84][85] On February 21, 2019, a new election was ordered by the state election board.[86]
North Dakota
Republicans maintained control of the sole house seat.
Ohio
The state congressional delegation remained the same at 12–4 for Republicans.
Oklahoma
The state congressional delegation changed from 5–0 for Republicans to a 4–1 Republican majority.
Oregon
The state congressional delegation remained the same, with a 4–1 Democratic majority.
Pennsylvania
As a result of changes in the congressional map, the state congressional delegation changed from a 13–5 Republican majority to a 9–9 split.
Rhode Island
The state congressional delegation remained unchanged at 2–0 for Democrats.
South Carolina
The state congressional delegation changed from 6–1 for Republicans to 5–2 for Republicans.
South Dakota
Republicans retained control of the sole seat in the state.
Tennessee
Republicans maintained their 7-2 seat majority.
Texas
The state congressional delegation changed from a 25–11 Republican majority to a 23–13 Republican majority.
Utah
The state congressional delegation changed from 4–0 for Republicans to a 3–1 Republican majority.
Vermont
The Democrats maintained control of the sole seat in the state.
Virginia
The state congressional delegation flipped from a 7–4 Republican majority to a 7–4 Democratic majority.
Washington
Democrats increased their seat majority from 6–4 to 7–3.
West Virginia
The state congressional delegation remained the same at 3–0 for Republicans.
Wisconsin
Republicans maintained their 5-3 seat majority.
Wyoming
Republicans maintained control of the sole seat in the state.
The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico is not up for re-election until 2020.[106] Currently held by RepublicanJenniffer González, who was first elected in 2016, the Resident Commissioner is the only member of the United States House of Representatives to serve a four-year term.[106]
^ This figure represents the difference between the number of Democrats seated when the 116th Congress convened in January 2019 (235) and the number of Democrats seated when the 115th Congress convened in January 2017 (194).
^ This figure represents the difference between the number of Republicans seated when the 116th Congress convened in January 2019 (199) and the number of Republicans seated when the 115th Congress convened in January 2017 (241).
^ This seat was the tipping point seat for a Democratic majority.
^ a b c All races were decided on the initial primary date, eliminating the need for a runoff.
^Louisiana will hold runoff election(s) on December 8, 2018, for any race in which no one candidate wins a majority of the vote in the November jungle primary.
^Galvin won the Democratic nomination as an "Undeclared" candidate. She would be listed on the ballot as "Undeclared" and the nominee of the Democratic Party.
^On September 24, 2018, the Democratic nominee in Florida's 17th congressional district, April Freeman, died. On October 1, 2018, Ellison was announced as her replacement on the ballot.
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