Marcus Aurelius Sabinus Julianus,[1] known in English as Julian of Pannonia (died 285–286) was a Roman usurper (283–285 or 286) against Emperor Carinus or Maximian. It is possible that up to four usurpers with a similar name rebelled in a timeframe of a decade, but at least one of them is known by numismatic evidence.
Julian was a corrector in northern Italy, in 283/284,[2] (and not a praetorian prefect as stated by some sources).[3] Soon after the news of the death of Emperor Carus[2] (in 283) or Numerian[3] (in November 284) arrived in the western provinces, Julian revolted in Pannonia. He issued coins from Siscia, some of them bearing a legend celebrating Pannonia. Emperor Carinus, brother of Numerian, who had marched from Roman Britain to deal with the usurpation, met, defeated, and killed Julian early in 285, in Italy[4] (possibly in Verona),[5] or in Illyricum.[2]
According to some scholars, it is possible that two usurpers actually existed: a Marcus Aurelius Julianus, corrector in Italy, rebelled after Carus' death, with the control of Pannonia, and defeated in Illyricum; and a Sabinus Julianus, praetorian prefect, usurper in Italy after Numerian's death, defeated near Verona.[6]
Another usurper, simply named Julian, raised some turmoil in Africa Province, against Carinus, with the support of the Quinquegentani tribe.[7]
Se menciona a un tercer Juliano rebelándose entre el momento en que Maximiano fue elevado al rango de Augusto (1 de marzo de 286) y el momento en que Constancio Cloro y Galerio se convirtieron en César (1 de marzo de 293). La rebelión de este Juliano tuvo lugar en Italia, pero terminó cuando, durante un asedio, se abrió una brecha en las murallas de su ciudad y se arrojó al fuego. [8]