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Lista de banderas nacionales de estados soberanos

Un collage de varias banderas nacionales de todo el mundo (en el sentido de las agujas del reloj desde la parte superior izquierda):

Los 193 estados miembros y 2 estados observadores de las Naciones Unidas , además de varios estados de facto , se representan a sí mismos con banderas nacionales . Las banderas nacionales generalmente contienen simbolismo de su respectivo estado y sirven como un emblema que los distingue de otros estados en la política internacional . Las banderas nacionales son adoptadas por los gobiernos para fortalecer los vínculos nacionales y legitimar la autoridad formal. Dichas banderas pueden contener elementos simbólicos de sus pueblos , ejércitos , territorios , gobernantes y dinastías . La bandera de Dinamarca es la bandera más antigua que todavía se usa actualmente, ya que ha sido reconocida como símbolo nacional desde el siglo XIV.

Antecedentes y definiciones

Según el Collins English Dictionary , una bandera nacional es "una bandera que representa o es un emblema de un país ". [1] La palabra país puede usarse para referirse a un estado soberano , a veces también llamado estado independiente. [2] Es habitual en el derecho internacional que los estados adopten una bandera para distinguirse de otros estados. [3]

Las banderas nacionales se consideran "quizás la declaración más fuerte y clara de la identidad nacional", y los gobiernos las han utilizado para promover y crear vínculos dentro del país, motivar el patriotismo , honrar los esfuerzos de los ciudadanos y legitimar la autoridad formal . [4] A lo largo de la historia, los elementos dentro de las banderas se han utilizado para simbolizar gobernantes, dinastías, territorios , ejércitos y pueblos de sus respectivos países. [5] Las banderas también representan conceptualmente los valores fundamentales de un país , como la membresía grupal y el amor por el país. [6] En 1975, el vexilólogo estadounidense Whitney Smith afirmó lo siguiente sobre el papel de las banderas en la sociedad: [7] [8] [9]

La tradición de las banderas es tan fuerte que no nos alejamos mucho de la verdad al suponer que existe una ley –no de la naturaleza, sino de la sociedad humana– que impulsa al hombre a fabricar y utilizar banderas. Tal vez no haya una demostración más contundente de ello que el hecho de que, a pesar de la ausencia de cualquier reglamentación o tratado internacional que exija una bandera nacional, todos los países, sin excepción, han adoptado al menos una.

—  Whitney Smith, Banderas a través de los tiempos y en todo el mundo, pág. 32

Según el Oxford English Dictionary , un estado soberano es "un estado o nación con un territorio definido y una población permanente, que administra su propio gobierno, y que es reconocido como no sujeto ni dependiente de otra potencia". [10] La cantidad de estados soberanos en el mundo generalmente se deriva del número de estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), aunque existen estados no miembros, [11] y dichos estados se denominan estados de facto . [12] A partir de 2024, la ONU actualmente incluye 193 estados miembros y 2 estados observadores permanentes : el Estado de Palestina y la Ciudad del Vaticano . [13] [14] Los estados de facto incluyen Chipre del Norte , [15] Abjasia , [16] Osetia del Sur , [17] Transnistria , [18] Kosovo , [19] la República Saharaui , [20] Somalilandia , [21] y Taiwán . [12]

La bandera más antigua de un estado soberano que se encuentra actualmente en uso es la bandera de Dinamarca , que ha sido reconocida como símbolo nacional del país desde el siglo XIII, aunque la versión actual fue adoptada oficialmente en 1867. [22] [23] Los 193 estados miembros y 2 estados observadores están representados por sus respectivas banderas en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas en la ciudad de Nueva York . [24]

Banderas de los estados miembros de la ONU y de los estados observadores

— Sin datos

Flags of de facto states

See also

Notes

  1. ^ This refers to the date on which the most recent law or proclamation relating to the design of a flag was established by the government of a sovereign state post-independence, or the date of independence if the flag was legally adopted by a prenational government and retained on independence, but was never modified afterwards.
  2. ^ The legitimate government of Afghanistan, and therefore flag, is presently disputed. De facto, the country is governed by the Taliban under the name of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. However, the United Nations officially recognizes the defunct Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the legitimate government.[25][26]
  3. ^ Media related to Emblem of Afghanistan (2004–2021) at Wikimedia Commons
  4. ^ The designer of the flag is disputed between Émilie Busquant and Chawki Mostefaï [fr].
  5. ^ Also known as the Australian National Flag
  6. ^ Sources contradict as to the designer of the flag. The following have been given as the flag's designer:
  7. ^ Gauthier designed the previous version of the flag, which the current one is based on.
  8. ^ 3:4 and 2:3 have been given as ratios of the flag.
  9. ^ Denmark as a sovereign state is represented by the flag of Metropolitan Denmark, which excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
  10. ^ The flag can be lengthened up to a ratio of 28:37
  11. ^ 21:38 and "unspecified" have been given as the flag's proportions.
  12. ^ 1:2 and 2:3 have been given as ratios.
  13. ^ 2:3 and "unspecified" have been given as ratios.
  14. ^ When used as an ensign, the ratio is 1:2.
  15. ^ The design adopted by the government was based on the proposal of Aycinena y Piñol and other members of the Aycinena Clan [es]
  16. ^ When used as an ensign, the ratio is 1:2.
  17. ^ According to an apocryphal story, Catherine Flon is also credited.
  18. ^ Between 1955 and 2022, the Honduran government erroneously used a design with a navy blue color instead of the specified turquoise blue. With the inauguration of president Xiomara Castro, the correct colors were restored.
  19. ^ Between March and July 1958, Jordan and Iraq merged into the Arab Federation which bore a similar flag to that of Jordan, albeit without the star. Nevertheless, the flag of Jordan itself is considered to "have not changed since its independence."
  20. ^ Although 3:5 is generally used, 1:2 is also accepted.
  21. ^ It has been claimed French general Hubert Lyautey personally designed the flag, however he only played a minor role in the process of its adoption. The design for the flag only emerged through negotiations between the French administation and the Makhzen.
  22. ^ See Flag of North Korea#Creation
  23. ^ Ratios of 4:7 and 5:9 are sometimes used.
  24. ^ Either Manuel Amador Guerrero or his son Manuel Encarnacíon Guerrero. Some have also suggested the former's wife María de la Ossa de Amador, although this is considered unlikely.
  25. ^ The decree of July 2013 specifies a proportion of "1:0.55" for the "larger and smaller dimensions" respectively.
  26. ^ With help from Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad
  27. ^ Deputy Prime Minister Toh designed the flag with two civil servants.
  28. ^ Solomonese artist Thomas Giosa claimed to have submitted the winning design in a competition in 1975, however an unnamed New Zealand visual artist also claimed ownership of the design.
  29. ^ March 29 has also been given as the date of adoption.
  30. ^ Habibullaev led a committee to design the national flag.
  31. ^ 2:3 and "approximately 3:5" have been given as the flag's ratio. It has also been claimed the proportions are golden.
  32. ^ 2:3 and "unspecified" have been given as the flag's ratio.
  33. ^ Robert Heft has claimed, and has been credited by some sources, as the designer of the 50-star flag. However, this has been thoroughly disputed by Slate writer Alec Nevala-Lee who has instead suggested William R. Furlong as the flag's true designer.
  34. ^ The designer of the flag is disputed between Nguyễn Hữu Tiến [vi] and Lê Quang Sô.

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  420. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Jamaica/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  424. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Japan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  425. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Japan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  429. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Jordan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  440. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Kenya/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  441. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Kenya at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  445. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Kiribati at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  450. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Kuwait at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  458. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Laos at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  462. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Latvia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  474. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Liberia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  475. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Liberia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  486. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Lithuania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  493. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Madagascar/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  503. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Malaysia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  513. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Mali/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  520. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Marshall Islands/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  524. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Mauritania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  525. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Mauritania at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  599. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "New Zealand/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  603. ^ a b Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Nicaragua/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  612. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Korea, North/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  622. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Norway at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  625. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Oman/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  631. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Pakistan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  634. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Palau/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  635. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Palau at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  644. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Panama at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  646. ^ "Reglamento para el uso de los Símbolos de la Patria - Ley Número 34 (del 15 de diciembre de 1949) por la cual se adoptan la Bandera, el Himno y el Escudo de Armas de la República y se reglamenta su uso así como el de las Banderas Extranjeras" [Regulations for the use of the Symbols of the Homeland - Law Number 34 (of December 15, 1949) by which the Flag, the Anthem and the Coat of Arms of the Republic are adopted and its use is regulated as well as that of Foreign Flags]. www.pa (in Spanish). December 15, 1949. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
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  651. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Paraguay/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  652. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Paraguay at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  660. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Philippines/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  667. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Portugal/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  672. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Qatar/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  673. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Qatar at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  677. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Romania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  678. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Romania at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  679. ^ Mumford 2021, p. 224.
  680. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Russia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  681. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Russia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  683. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Rwanda/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  688. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Saint Kitts and Nevis/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  689. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  691. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Saint Lucia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  692. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Saint Lucia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  694. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  695. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  697. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Samoa/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  698. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Samoa at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  703. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "San Marino/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  704. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of San Marino at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  706. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Sao Tome and Principe/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  715. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Senegal/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  716. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Senegal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  718. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Serbia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  719. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Serbia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  722. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Seychelles/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  728. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Sierra Leone at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  730. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Singapore/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  731. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Singapore at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  735. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Slovakia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  736. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Slovakia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  741. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Slovenia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  746. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of the Solomon Islands at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  759. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "South Korea/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  769. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Spain at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  783. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Suriname/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  789. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Sweden at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  795. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Syria/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  807. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Thailand/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  808. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Thailand at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  810. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Tonga/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  814. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Togo/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  824. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Tunisia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  826. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Turkey (Turkiye)/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  836. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Uganda/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
  837. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Uganda at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  839. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Ukraine/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  842. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "United Arab Emirates/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  855. ^ Vile, John R. (October 5, 2018). The American Flag: An Encyclopedia of the Stars and Stripes in U.S. History, Culture, and Law. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 37. ISBN 979-8-216-04584-7.
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  861. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Uzbekistan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  869. ^ Whitney Smith, flag of Vatican City at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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  874. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from "Vietnam/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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  902. ^ Public Domain  Este artículo incorpora material de dominio público de "Taiwán/bandera". The World Factbook (edición de 2024). CIA .
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Bibliografía

Lectura adicional

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