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Nobleza del Reino Unido

La nobleza del Reino Unido es uno de los cinco títulos nobiliarios del Reino Unido . Comprende la mayoría de los títulos nobiliarios creados en el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda después de las Actas de Unión de 1801, cuando reemplazó a la nobleza de Gran Bretaña . Se siguieron creando nuevos títulos nobiliarios en la nobleza de Irlanda hasta 1898 (la última creación fue la Baronía de Curzon de Kedleston ).

La Ley de la Cámara de los Lores de 1999 reformó la Cámara de los Lores . Hasta entonces, todos los pares del Reino Unido eran automáticamente miembros de la Cámara de los Lores. Sin embargo, a partir de esa fecha, la mayoría de los pares hereditarios dejaron de ser miembros, mientras que los pares vitalicios conservaron sus escaños. A todos los pares hereditarios de la primera creación (es decir, aquellos para los que se creó originalmente un título nobiliario, a diferencia de los que heredaron un título nobiliario), y a todos los pares hereditarios supervivientes que habían servido como líderes de la Cámara de los Lores , se les ofreció un título nobiliario vitalicio para permitirles seguir ocupando un escaño en la Cámara, si así lo deseaban.

Los pares de Escocia y de Irlanda no tenían un escaño automático en la Cámara de los Lores tras las Leyes de Unión de 1707 y 1800 , aunque la ley permitía que un número limitado de ellos fueran elegidos por sus compañeros para servir en la Cámara de los Lores como pares representantes . Algunos títulos nobiliarios del Reino Unido se crearon para superar este obstáculo y permitir que ciertos pares escoceses e irlandeses disfrutaran del derecho automático a sentarse en la Cámara de los Lores [1] [2] [a] [4] [5] [b]

Llave

Rangos

Los rangos de la nobleza son duque , marqués , conde , vizconde y barón . [7]

El último ducado no real se creó en 1874, y el último marquesado en 1936. La creación de los rangos restantes, excepto las baronías vitalicias , cesó en su mayor parte una vez que el gobierno laborista de Harold Wilson asumió el poder en 1964 , y solo trece personas (nueve no reales y cuatro reales) han sido creadas pares hereditarios desde entonces. Estos fueron:

Duques en la nobleza del Reino Unido

Marqueses en la nobleza del Reino Unido

Condes de la nobleza del Reino Unido

Vizcondes de la nobleza del Reino Unido

Barones hereditarios en la nobleza del Reino Unido

Extinct peerages since the Passage of the House of Lords Act 1999

Extinct dukedoms

Extinct earldoms

Extinct viscountcies

Extinct baronies

Current titles without heirs

Current UK Peers

Current Scottish and Irish peers with British titles

Peerages in remainder to other Peerages

Titles

Marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons are all addressed as 'Lord X', where 'X' represents either their territory or surname pertaining to their title. Marchionesses, countesses, viscountesses and baronesses are all addressed as 'Lady X'. Dukes and duchesses are addressed just as 'Duke' or 'Duchess' or, in a non-social context, 'Your Grace'

Lists of peers

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Peerage Act 1963 gave Scottish Peers an automatic right to sit in the Lords[3]
  2. ^ Following the establishment of the Irish Free State in December 1922, Irish peers ceased to elect representatives, although those already elected continued to have the right to serve for life; the last of the temporal peers, Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey, by chance a peer from an Ulster family, died in 1961[6]
  3. ^ Originally created for Alexander Duff, Earl of Fife on his wedding day to Princess Louise of Wales on 29 July 1889[note 1]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Current Peerage with Special Remainder according to the link
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Scottish Representative Peer
  3. ^ 3rd son of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire
  4. ^ 2nd son of George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland
  5. ^ 3rd son of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford
  6. ^ 4th son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington
  7. ^ 2nd son of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford
  8. ^ 2nd son of Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre
  9. ^ 2nd son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer
  10. ^ Grandson of William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale
  11. ^ Grandson of George Bridgeman, 2nd Earl of Bradford
  12. ^ Eldest son of Walter Runciman, 1st Baron Runciman
  13. ^ 3rd son of James Alexander, 4th Earl of Caledon
  14. ^ 2nd son of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven
  15. ^ Grandson of George Lyttelton, 4th Baron Lyttelton
  16. ^ 2nd son of David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor
  17. ^ 3rd son of Morton Gray Stuart, 17th Earl of Moray
  18. ^ 3rd son of Richard Hare, 4th Earl of Listowel
  19. ^ 3rd son of Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan
  20. ^ Grandson of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland
  21. ^ Eldest son of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun
  22. ^ 2nd son of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun
  23. ^ 3rd son of Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry
  24. ^ 3rd son of George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough
  25. ^ Grandson of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
  26. ^ 7th son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington
  27. ^ The Barony of Kilmarnock remained a subsidiary title of the Earldom of Erroll until the death in 1941 of the eighteenth Earl's great-great-grandson, the twenty-second Earl. The earldom, which could be passed on through female lines, was inherited by the late Earl's daughter and only child, the twenty-third Countess. The barony of Kilmarnock, which could only be passed on to male heirs, was inherited by the Earl's younger brother, the sixth Baron. He assumed the surname of Boyd in lieu of Hay the same year he succeeded to the title[9][10]
  28. ^ 8th son of Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan
  29. ^ Grandson of Arthur Chichester, 1st Marquess of Donegall
  30. ^ Eldest son of Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby
  31. ^ Eldest son of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough
  32. ^ Great-Grandson of George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington
  33. ^ 3rd son of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough
  34. ^ Eldest son of Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford
  35. ^ Eldest son of John Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley of Alderley
  36. ^ 3rd son of Henry Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham
  37. ^ 9th son of Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort
  38. ^ 3rd son of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster
  39. ^ 4th son of George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington
  40. ^ 4th son of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke
  41. ^ Grandson of James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton
  42. ^ A descendant of Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester
  43. ^ 2nd son of Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk
  44. ^ Eldest son of Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster
  45. ^ 4th son of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr
  46. ^ 3rd son of Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire
  47. ^ Grandson of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford
  48. ^ The Barony was a subsidiary title of the earldom until the death of the ninth Earl's grandson, the eleventh Earl, in 1915. The earldom, which could be passed on to female heirs, was inherited by the Earl's daughter and only child, the twelfth Countess. The barony of Strathspey, which could only be inherited by males, were passed on to the Earl's brother, the fourth Baron[11]
  49. ^ 2nd son of Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch
  50. ^ 2nd son of Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
  51. ^ Eldest son of Ivor Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne
  52. ^ 2nd son of Charles Hardinge, 2nd Viscount Hardinge
  53. ^ 2nd son of Thomas Cochrane, 11th Earl of Dundonald
  54. ^ 4th son of Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax
  55. ^ Great-Grandson of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough
  56. ^ A descendant of Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel, in remainder of the Duke of Norfolk
  57. ^ 3rd son of Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh
  58. ^ Great-Grandson of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun
  59. ^ Grandson of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury
  60. ^ 2nd son of Walter Hore-Ruthven, 9th Lord Ruthven of Freeland
  61. ^ Great-Grandson of William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian
  62. ^ 2nd son of Thomas Pakenham, 5th Earl of Longford
  63. ^ 3rd son of Alfred Lawrence, 1st Baron Trevethin
  64. ^ 3rd son of Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill
  65. ^ 3rd son of Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer
  66. ^ Eldest son of Edward Scawen Wyndham, 5th Baron Leconfield
  67. ^ A descendant of Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard
  68. ^ 2nd son of Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow
  69. ^ Grandson of James Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam
  70. ^ Created Baron Halsbury on 26 June 1885.
  71. ^ Created Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum on 11 July 1902.
  72. ^ Created Baron Gough on 7 April 1846.
  73. ^ Created Baron Leverhulme on 21 June 1917.
  74. ^ Created Baron Greenwood on 31 August 1929.
  75. ^ Created Baron Alanbrooke on 18 September 1945.
  76. ^ Great-Grandson of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough

References

Citations

  1. ^ May, Thomas Erskine (1851). A practical treatise on the law, privileges, proceedings and usage of Parliament. Butterworths. pp. 6–8, 15. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  2. ^ Price, Jacob M (December 1961). "The Sixteen Peers of Scotland: An Account of the Elections of the Representative Peers of Scotland, 1707–1959 by James Fergusson". The Journal of Modern History. 33 (4): 439. doi:10.1086/238935.
  3. ^ "Peerage Act 1963". www.parliament.uk.
  4. ^ Malcomson 2000 p.312; "(40 Geo. 4 c.39 [Ir.]) Ley para regular el modo en que los Lores espirituales y temporales, y los Comunes para servir en el Reino Unido por parte de Irlanda, serán convocados y devueltos al mencionado Parlamento". Los estatutos en general, aprobados en los Parlamentos celebrados en Irlanda . Vol. 20. Dublín: Boulter Grierson. 12 de junio de 1800. págs. 349–358.
  5. ^ May, Erskine (1862). Historia constitucional de Inglaterra desde la ascensión al trono de Jorge III, 1760-1860. Boston: Crosby & Nichols. pág. 228.
  6. ^ Gadd, RP "Un breve relato de la nobleza de Irlanda". The Heraldry Society . Consultado el 18 de enero de 2013 .
  7. ^ "Los duques de la nobleza del Reino Unido". Archivado desde el original el 12 de mayo de 2008. Consultado el 11 de mayo de 2008 .
  8. ^ "Nuevo título para el conde de Wessex". La Familia Real . 10 de marzo de 2019.
  9. ^ "Gilbert Alan (6.º barón Kilmarnock) Boyd (anteriormente Hay) n. 15 de enero de 1903 f. 15 de marzo de 1975: The Douglas Archives". www.douglashistory.co.uk . Consultado el 26 de diciembre de 2018 .
  10. ^ "Gilbert Allan Rowland Boyd, sexto barón Kilmarnock - Persona - National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk . Consultado el 26 de diciembre de 2018 .
  11. ^ "Muerte de Lord Seafield". The Evening Post . Vol. XCI, núm. 5. 7 de enero de 1916. pág. 3 . Consultado el 14 de octubre de 2014 .

Fuentes