Ü-Tsang (དབུས་གཙང་། Wylie; dbus gtsang) es una de las tres regiones tibetanas , las otras son Amdo en el noreste y Kham en el este. Ngari (incluido el antiguo reino Guge ) en el noroeste se incorporó a Ü-Tsang. Geográficamente, Ü-Tsang cubría el centro-sur del área cultural tibetana, incluida la cuenca del río Brahmaputra . Los distritos occidentales que rodean y se extienden más allá del monte Kailash están incluidos en Ngari y gran parte de la vasta meseta de Changtang al norte. El Himalaya definía la frontera sur de Ü-Tsang. La actual Región Autónoma del Tíbet corresponde aproximadamente a lo que fue la antigua Ü-Tsang y el oeste de Kham .
Ü-Tsang se formó mediante la fusión de dos centros de poder anteriores: Ü ( Wylie : dbus ) en el Tíbet central, controlado por el linaje Gelug del budismo tibetano bajo los primeros Dalai Lamas , y Tsang ( Wylie : gtsang ) que se extendía desde Gyantse hasta apunta al oeste, controlado por el linaje rival Sakya . Las victorias militares del poderoso Khoshut Mongol Güshi Khan que respaldó al quinto Dalai Lama y fundó el gobierno de Ganden Phodrang en 1642, consolidaron el poder sobre la región combinada, seguido por el gobierno de la dinastía Qing iniciado en 1720 por el emperador Qianlong que continuó hasta la expedición británica. al Tíbet (1903-1904). [1] [2]
Ü-Tsang is the cultural heartland of the Tibetan people, originally governed by Rinpungpa dynasty. The Tsangpa dynasty had ruled the Tsang part between 1565 and 1642. The dispute between Tsang kings, Karma Tenkyong Wangpo followers of karmapa and Khoshut khans, Güshi Khan, follower of gelugpa and Dalai Lamas ended by the rule on Tibet from the Potala and Norbulingka palaces in Lhasa from the last one. Jokhang, a Tibetan Buddhist temple, is located there. The Lhasa dialect is used as a lingua franca in Ü-Tsang and the Tibetan Exile koiné language is also based largely on it.
Tsang, whose largest cities are Gyantse and Shigatse, near where the Panchen Lama has his traditional seat at Tashilhunpo Monastery, was designated on maps of the Qing dynasty as "Back Tibet", while Ü, where the Dalai Lama has his seat at Lhasa, was designated "Front Tibet".[citation needed] This division was an artificial construct of the Chinese and had no currency within Tibet where the Dalai Lama exercised effective rule over both Tsang and Ü. An attempt had been made in the 18th century during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor to split Tibet by offering the Panchen Lama dominion over Tsang, but the expansive offer was declined, the Panchen Lama only accepting a small portion of the offered territory.[3] Later attempts, during the period 1906–1913 and in 1950, by the Panchen Lama to resurrect a separate Back Tibet over which he would have dominion were rejected by the Kashag.[4]
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