List of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene
The Australian continent, also called Australia-New Guinea or SahulThe thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) is a large, carnivorous marsupial last seen in 1936.
This is a list of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE)[a] and continues to the present day.[1]
All extinct and extinct in the wild reptiles of Christmas Island, from left to right: Emoia nativitatis, Lepidodactylus listeri, Cryptoblepharus egeriae.
Plants listed as extinct by the federal government
Plants and animals are listed as extinct and the federal level under the auspices of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The Act lists all plants considered to have become extinct since the commencement of European settlement of Australia in 1788. There are 37 species currently listed as extinct under the Act.[94]
Of note, the species Pimelea spinescens subsp. pubiflora was presumed extinct after 1901, but a population was discovered in 2005.[95] The orchid Diuris bracteata was also considered extinct after its first collection in 1899, but it was thought to have been rediscovered in 1998. The later collections are now considered to be Diuris platichila.[96][97] The spiny everlasting (Acanthocladium dockeri) was reclassified as critically endangered in 2006 after it was rediscovered in 1999.[98]Bennett's Seaweed, declared extinct under the EPBC Act in 1999; was the first protist listed as extinct by the IUCN in 2004.[99]
Plants listed as extinct by the states and territories
Banksia integrifolia is common along the east coast of the Australian mainland, but has recently been declared extinct in Tasmania.
Each state and territory of Australia has legislation to record the extinction of plants and animals; organisms listed as extinct at the state level may differ from those listed under the EPBC Act.
There are 35 taxa "presumed extinct" as specified in Part 4 of Schedule 1 of the New South WalesThreatened Species Conservation Act 1995.[100] Species presumed extinct in New South Wales, but not listed under the EPBC Act include:
Although listed as extinct under the EPBC Act, Diurus bracteata is listed as endangered in New South Wales.
Northern Territory
Threatened species is the Northern Territory are listed under IUCN criteria by the Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts.[101] As of 2006 there are no recorded plant extinctions in the Northern Territory.[102]
Threatened species are listed under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 in Queensland, under this act some species are described as "presumed extinct". There are currently 27 species described as presumed extinct in Queensland,[105] those not listed under the EPBC Act include:
It was reported[106] on 12 April 2008 that two of the plants, Rhaphidospora cavernarum and Teucrium ajugaceum have been rediscovered on Cape York between Cooktown and Lockhart River, and are now re-classified as "vulnerable".
Tasmania
There are 20 taxa classified as "presumed extinct" under schedule 3.2 of the TasmanianThreatened Species Protection Act 1995. Only three of these species are listed as extinct under the EPBC Act.[107] The additional species listed as extinct under Tasmanian legislation are:
Threatened species in Victoria are identified under the auspices of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988); the act does not specify species presumed extinct. The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment maintain a list of species presumed extinct in Victoria;[108] they list 51 extinct taxa, those not listed under the EPBC Act include:
^The source gives "11,700 calendar yr b2k (before CE 2000)". But "BP" means "before CE 1950". Therefore, the Holocene began 11,650 BP. Doing the math, that is c. 9700 BCE.
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