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Exynos

Logotipo de Samsung Exynos
Un Exynos 4 Quad (4412), en la placa de circuito de un teléfono inteligente Samsung Galaxy S III

El Samsung Exynos (estilizado como SΛMSUNG Exynos ), [1] anteriormente Hummingbird ( en coreano :  엑시노스 ), es una serie de sistemas en chips basados ​​en ARM desarrollados por la división System LSI de Samsung Electronics y fabricados por Samsung Foundry . Es una continuación de la línea anterior de SoC S3C, S5L y S5P de Samsung .

El primer debut del SoC desarrollado localmente por Samsung es Samsung Hummingbird (S5PC110/111), posteriormente renombrado como Exynos 3 Single 3110. Samsung lo anunció el 27 de julio de 2009. En 2011, Samsung anunció Exynos 4 Dual 4210 que posteriormente se equipó en Samsung Galaxy S II . Desde entonces, Samsung ha utilizado Exynos como marca representativa de su SoC, basado en núcleos ARM Cortex. En 2017, Samsung lanzó sus propios diseños de núcleo personalizados basados ​​en ARM ISA, con nombre en código "Exynos M". La serie M de núcleos Exynos debutó con Exynos M1, apodado "Mongoose", que se utilizó para Exynos 8 Octa 8890. La serie M de Exynos se ha implementado en toda la línea insignia de la serie Samsung Exynos 9, hasta Exynos 990. A partir de 2021, los desarrollos de microarquitectura Exynos M6 y M7 se han cancelado y, en su lugar, Samsung adopta la serie de núcleos ARM Cortex-X como núcleo principal. [2]

En 2022, Samsung comenzó a adoptar la microarquitectura de GPU AMD RDNA en sus SoC, comenzando con Exynos 2200 y con Xclipse 920, que utilizaba "RDNA móvil" personalizada basada en RDNA 2. En 2024, Samsung amplió la GPU basada en RDNA 3 de AMD a sus chips de gama media, desde Exynos 1480 (Xclipse 540).

Historia

En 2010, Samsung lanzó el Hummingbird S5PC110 (ahora Exynos 3 Single) en su teléfono inteligente Samsung Galaxy S , que contaba con una CPU ARM Cortex-A8 con licencia . [3] Este ARM Cortex-A8 tenía el nombre en código Hummingbird. Fue desarrollado en asociación con Intrinsity utilizando su tecnología FastCore y Fast14 . [4]

A principios de 2011, Samsung lanzó por primera vez el SoC Exynos 4210 en su teléfono inteligente móvil Samsung Galaxy S II . El código del controlador para el Exynos 4210 se puso a disposición en el núcleo Linux [5] y se agregó soporte en la versión 3.2 en noviembre de 2011. [6] [7]

El 29 de septiembre de 2011, Samsung presentó Exynos 4212 [8] como sucesor del 4210; presenta una frecuencia de reloj más alta y un " rendimiento de gráficos 3D 50 por ciento mayor que la generación de procesadores anterior". [9] Construido con un proceso de bajo consumo de energía de 32 nm de puerta de metal de alta κ (HKMG); promete un "nivel de energía 30 por ciento menor que la generación de procesos anterior".

El 30 de noviembre de 2011, Samsung publicó información sobre su próximo SoC con una CPU ARM Cortex-A15 de doble núcleo , que inicialmente se llamó "Exynos 5250" y luego se renombró como Exynos 5 Dual. Este SoC tiene una interfaz de memoria que proporciona 12,8 GB/s de ancho de banda de memoria, soporte para USB 3.0 y SATA 3 , puede decodificar video 1080p completo a 60 fps junto con mostrar simultáneamente una resolución WQXGA (2560 × 1600) en una pantalla móvil, así como 1080p sobre HDMI. [10] Este SoC se utilizó en algunos Chromebooks a partir de 2013. Samsung Exynos 5 Dual se ha utilizado en un prototipo de supercomputadora de 2015, [11] mientras que el producto final utilizará un chip destinado a servidores de otro proveedor.

El 26 de abril de 2012, Samsung lanzó el Exynos 4 Quad, que impulsa el Samsung Galaxy S III y el Samsung Galaxy Note II . [12] El SoC Exynos 4 Quad utiliza un 20% menos de energía que el SoC del Samsung Galaxy S II. Samsung también cambió el nombre de varios SoC, Exynos 3110 a Exynos 3 Single, Exynos 4210 y 4212 a Exynos 4 Dual 45 nm, [13] y Exynos 4 Dual 32 nm [14] y Exynos 5250 a Exynos 5 Dual.

En 2010, Samsung fundó un centro de diseño en Austin llamado Samsung's Austin R&D Center (SARC). Samsung ha contratado a muchos ex-AMD, ex-Intel, ex-ARM y varios otros veteranos de la industria. [15] El SARC desarrolla arquitecturas y diseños de CPU y System IP (Coherent Interconnect y controlador de memoria) complejos, de alto rendimiento y bajo consumo. [16] En 2012, Samsung comenzó el desarrollo de GPU IP llamado "S-GPU". [17] Después de un ciclo de diseño de tres años, el primer núcleo de CPU personalizado de SARC llamado M1 se lanzó en el Exynos 8890 en 2016. [18] En 2017, se abrió el San Jose Advanced Computing Lab (ACL) para continuar con el desarrollo de GPU IP personalizado. [15] Los núcleos de CPU personalizados de Samsung se llamaron Mongoose durante cuatro generaciones, llamados M1 a M4, y los SoC Exynos con tales núcleos nunca estuvieron a la par en eficiencia energética o rendimiento con sus equivalentes Qualcomm Snapdragon . [19] [20]

El 3 de junio de 2019, AMD y Samsung anunciaron una asociación estratégica de varios años en IP de gráficos móviles basada en la IP de GPU AMD Radeon. [21] [17] NotebookCheck informó que Samsung apunta a 2021 para su primer SoC con IP de GPU AMD Radeon. [22] Sin embargo, AnandTech informó 2022. [23] En agosto de 2019, durante la llamada de ganancias del segundo trimestre de 2019 de AMD, AMD declaró que Samsung planea lanzar SoC con IP de gráficos AMD en aproximadamente dos años. [24] El primer SoC en usar GPU Radeon fue Exynos 2200, presentado en enero de 2022, con un Xclipse 920 personalizado basado en la microarquitectura RDNA 2 de AMD. [25]

El 1 de octubre de 2019, surgieron rumores de que Samsung había despedido a sus equipos de núcleos de CPU personalizados en SARC. [26] [27] [28] El 1 de noviembre de 2019, Samsung presentó una carta de WARN ante la Comisión de la Fuerza Laboral de Texas , notificando los próximos despidos de su equipo de CPU SARC y la terminación de su desarrollo de núcleos de CPU personalizados. [29] SARC y ACL seguirán desarrollando SoC, IA y GPU personalizados. [30]

En junio de 2021, Samsung contrató a ingenieros de AMD y Apple para formar un nuevo equipo de arquitectura personalizada. [31]

En octubre de 2021, Google lanzó su serie de teléfonos Pixel 6 basados ​​en el SoC Tensor de Google , que se fabricó en colaboración con Samsung. [32]

SoC Exynos actuales (2020-presente)

A partir de 2020, Samsung presentó una nueva serie de SoC Exynos con números más bajos que en el pasado. Esto indica un corte con respecto a los SoC Exynos anteriores, al menos en la denominación.

Serie Exynos 800

Serie Exynos 900

Serie Exynos 1000

Exynos 1080

Serie Exynos 2000

Exynos 2100

Exynos 2200

Exynos 2400(e)

  1. ^ abc Sombreadores unificados  : Unidades de mapeo de texturas  : Unidades de salida de renderizado  : Aceleradores de rayos y procesador de grupo de trabajo (WGP)

SoC Exynos anteriores (2010-2019)

Lista de SoC portátiles Exynos

Lista de módems Exynos

Módem Exynos 303

Módem Exynos 333

Módem Exynos 5100

Módem Exynos 5123

Módem Exynos 5300

Módem Exynos 5400

Lista de SoCs IoT Exynos

Exynos i T200 [187]

Exynos i S111 [188]

Lista de SoC Exynos para automoción

Serie Exynos Auto

The Exynos Auto V9 comes with additional features such as:

The Exynos Auto V920 comes with additional features such as:

Controversies

Some of Samsung's phone models released between 2019 - 2021 that used Exynos 9611 processor were widely reported by customers having random restarts, freezing and boot-loops. Specific phone models include the Galaxy A50, A50s, A51, M30s, M21, M31, M31s, F41 and Galaxy M21 (2021). Although the issue went unreported on mainstream media [196][197] and very few YouTube reviewers covered it based on user reports,[198][199] the issues were widely documented on Samsung Members official community forum [200][201][202][203][204][205] as well as Reddit & other forums.[206][207][208][209][210] The impact was significant with hundreds of user posts & comments between 2020 and 2023. Samsung did free board replacements for some early customers who had the phone in warranty.[211] However, the majority of people faced the issue after the 12 month warranty period, mostly starting 1.5 - 3 years after purchase. Samsung never officially acknowledged the issue and no software update was released to solve the problem, although the phones received the promised minimum 4 year security updates.[212] The only official solution available to customers was to purchase replacement board that cost around 60-70% of the phone's cost. Most users resorted to risky yet cheaper 3rd party repair that required re-soldering (also called reballing) the CPU & RAM PoP (Package on Package) which managed to solve issue according to dozens of user reports on said forums.[213][214][215][216][217]

See also

Similar platforms

References

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