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First Johnson ministry

The first Johnson ministry began on 24 July 2019 when Queen Elizabeth II invited Boris Johnson to form a government, following the resignation of the predecessor Prime Minister Theresa May.[2] May had resigned as Leader of the Conservative Party on 7 June 2019; Johnson was elected as her successor on 23 July 2019. The Johnson ministry was formed from the 57th Parliament of the United Kingdom, as a Conservative minority government. It lost its working majority on 3 September 2019 when Tory MP Phillip Lee crossed the floor to the Liberal Democrats. An election was called for 12 December 2019, which led to the formation of a Conservative majority government, the second Johnson ministry.

History

Theresa May announced on 24 May 2019 that she would resign as Leader of the Conservative Party and therefore Prime Minister, after failing three times to secure passage through the House of Commons of her Withdrawal Agreement and Implementation Bill, which would have seen the United Kingdom leave the European Union. Her announcement also followed the Conservative Party's very poor showing in the 2019 European Parliament elections in the UK. Her resignation as Conservative leader took effect on 7 June 2019.

The former London Mayor and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson was elected to succeed May on 23 July 2019. He was appointed Prime Minister on the following day by Queen Elizabeth II. Johnson inherited a minority government, supported by a confidence and supply agreement with the Democratic Unionist Party of Northern Ireland.

Johnson appointed his cabinet on 24 July 2019, describing it as a "Cabinet for modern Britain",[3] with The Guardian branding it "an ethnically diverse but ideologically homogeneous statement of intent".[4] While forming his government, Johnson dismissed 11 senior ministers and accepted the resignation of six others, a purge described by Johnson's ally Nigel Evans as "not so much a reshuffle as a summer's day massacre".[5][6] The mass dismissal was the most extensive Cabinet reorganisation without a change in ruling party in postwar British political history, exceeding the seven Cabinet ministers dismissed in the "Night of the Long Knives" of 1962,[7] and was dubbed the "Night of the Blond Knives" by The Sun.[8]

Among other appointments, Johnson made Dominic Raab the First Secretary of State and Foreign Secretary, and appointed Sajid Javid and Priti Patel as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary respectively. Johnson increased the number of ministers attending the Cabinet to 33, four more than had attended the May Cabinet. One quarter of those appointed were women, proportionally less than the May and Cameron ministries. The Cabinet set a new record for ethnic minority representation, with four secretaries of state and two additional ministers coming from minority backgrounds; 17% of the Cabinet were from BAME backgrounds, compared to 14% of the UK population.[3] Nearly two-thirds of those appointed went to fee-paying schools, and almost half had attended Oxford or Cambridge universities.[3] Johnson also created a new ministerial title to be held by himself, Minister for the Union, fulfilling a campaign pledge he had made in the leadership election.[9]

Loss of majority and ministerial resignations

Johnson lost his working majority on 3 September 2019, when Phillip Lee crossed the floor to join the Liberal Democrats.[10][11] This was reduced further later the same day when 21 Conservative MPs had the whip removed after voting against the Government in order to enable Parliament to take control of the order paper and to debate a back bench bill designed to prevent a no-deal Brexit.[12]

On 5 September 2019, Johnson's brother and Orpington MP Jo Johnson announced his intention to resign both his ministerial position and parliamentary seat, stating "In recent weeks I've been torn between family loyalty and the national interest — it's an unresolvable tension & time for others to take on my roles as MP & Minister."[13] On 7 September 2019, Amber Rudd announced she was resigning as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Minister for Women and Equalities, and leaving the Conservative Party.[14]

Amid an impasse in parliament over Brexit, an election was called for 12 December 2019 by virtue of the passage of the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019 on 31 October 2019. The Conservatives won a majority, leading to the formation of the second Johnson ministry on 16 December 2019.

Cabinet

July–December 2019

Changes

List of ministers

Prime Minister and Cabinet Office

Departments of State

Law officers

Parliament

Departures from the first Johnson ministry

This is a list of resignations from the first government formed by Prime Minister Boris Johnson. Since forming a government on 24 July 2019 after his appointment as Prime Minister, Johnson faced 4 resignations, including 2 cabinet ministers. This list omits sitting MPs who left the Conservative Party or had the whip withdrawn. It also discludes all ministers who resigned prior to Boris Johnson taking office as Prime Minister.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Although the 57th Parliament was due to last until 2022, Johnson successfully sought the backing of Parliament for a snap election on 29 October 2019.[1]
  2. ^ Member of the House of Lords

References

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  2. ^ "Boris Johnson becomes UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 24 July 2019. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "Boris Johnson: Does his cabinet reflect 'modern Britain'?". BBC News. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  4. ^ "How representative is Boris Johnson's new cabinet?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  5. ^ Swinford, Steven; Chorley, Matt (25 July 2019). "Boris Johnson the Godfather takes his retribution in massacre of cabinet ministers". The Times. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  6. ^ Syal, Rajeev (24 July 2019). "'Summer's day massacre' may spell backbench trouble for Boris Johnson". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  7. ^ Woodcock, Andrew (25 July 2019). "Boris Johnson dismantles cabinet in reshuffle, building government around people who delivered Brexit vote". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  8. ^ Lyons, Kate (25 July 2019). "'Cabinet massacre': what the papers say about Boris Johnson's arrival in No 10". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  9. ^ Murphy, Sean (26 July 2019). "Boris Johnson gives himself 'Minister for the Union' title". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  10. ^ Payne, Sebastian; Parker, George (3 September 2019). "Boris Johnson's government loses majority after Philip Lee defects". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  12. ^ "Brexit: Boris Johnson defeated as MPs take control". BBC News Website. 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  13. ^ "Jo Johnson to quit as minister and MP". Financial Times Online. 5 September 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  14. ^ a b Shipman, Tim (7 September 2019). "Exclusive: Amber Rudd resigns from cabinet and quits Tories". Times. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
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  17. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Sajid Javid @sajidjavid has been appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer @HMTreasury" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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  19. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Dominic Raab @DominicRaab has been appointed Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs @foreignoffice, and First Secretary of State" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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  21. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Priti Patel @patel4witham has been appointed Secretary of State for the Home Department @ukhomeoffice" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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  24. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "Robert Buckland QC @RobertBuckland has been appointed Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice @MoJGovUK" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  25. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Stephen Barclay @SteveBarclay is Secretary of State @DExEUgov" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  26. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Ben Wallace @BWallaceMP has been appointed Secretary of State @DefenceHQ" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  27. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Matt Hancock @MattHancock is Secretary of State for Health and Social Care @DHSCgovuk" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  28. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Andrea Leadsom @andrealeadsom has been appointed Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy @beisgovuk" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  29. ^ Mason, Rowena. "Johnson gives new roles to Truss and Goldsmith in mini-reshuffle". The Guardian. Guardian Media Limited. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  30. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Elizabeth Truss @trussliz has been appointed Secretary of State @tradegovuk and President of the Board of Trade" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  31. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon @AmberRuddHR is Secretary of State for Work and Pensions @DWP and Minister for @WomenEqualities" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  32. ^ Amber Rudd [@AmberRuddHR] (7 September 2019). "I have resigned from Cabinet and surrendered the Conservative Whip" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  33. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Gavin Williamson @GavinWilliamson has been appointed Secretary of State @educationgovuk" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  34. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Theresa Villiers has been appointed Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs @DefraGovUK" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  35. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "Robert Jenrick @RobertJenrick has been appointed Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government @mhclg" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  36. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Grant Shapps @grantshapps has been appointed Secretary of State for Transport @transportgovuk" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  37. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Julian Smith @JulianSmithUK has been appointed Secretary of State for Northern Ireland @NIOgov" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  38. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "Alister Jack has been appointed Secretary of State for Scotland @UKGovScotland" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  39. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Alun Cairns @AlunCairns is Secretary of State for Wales @UKGovWales" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  40. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Baroness Evans of Bowes Park is Lord Privy Seal, and Leader of the @UKHouseofLords" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  41. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "The Rt Hon Nicky Morgan @NickyMorgan01 has been appointed Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport @DCMS" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  42. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "Alok Sharma @AlokSharma_RDG has been appointed Secretary of State for International Development @DFID_UK" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
  43. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "James Cleverly @JamesCleverly has been appointed Minister without Portfolio (and Conservative Party Chair)" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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  45. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "Jacob Rees-Mogg @Jacob_Rees_Mogg has been appointed Lord President of the Council, and Leader of the House of Commons @CommonsLeader. He will also attend Cabinet" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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  51. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (25 July 2019). "Jake Berry @JakeBerry is Minister of State at the Cabinet Office @CabinetOfficeUK and the Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government @mhclg. He will also attend Cabinet" (Tweet). Retrieved 25 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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  54. ^ UK Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (24 July 2019). "Jo Johnson @JoJohnsonUK has been appointed Minister of State at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy @beisgovuk, and the Department for Education @educationgovuk. He will also attend Cabinet" (Tweet). Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via Twitter.
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