Historic cemetery in New York, United States
United States historic place
Vale Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery and the largest cemetery in Schenectady, New York. It opened on 21 October 1857, when the Rev. Julius Seely dedicated what was then termed "the Vale".[2] It has tripled its size since opening and today it holds the remains of some of the most notable persons in Upstate New York. In 1973, a 35-acre tract of unused and abandoned cemetery land around the ponds of Cowhorn Creek was sold to the city of Schenectady to form Vale Park.[3]
The cemetery and park were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.[1]
History
By 1850 the old public burying ground on Green and Front streets was being overrun with weeds and was described as being unsanitary.[4] The Common Council resolved on 2 July 1856[5] to develop the grounds of the old Hospital Farm on Nott Terrace as a 38-acre (150,000 m2) public cemetery. On 16 June 1857, Mayor Benjamin V. S. Vedder appointed a committee to oversee the work.
To provide access from a main street, Dr Eliphalet Nott, the President of Union College donated an avenue from Nott Terrace into the grounds. Later in 1863, two pieces of land were purchased from the college, creating what is now known as Vale Park. The entrance on State Street was a donation from the First Reformed Church in 1867. The cemetery was planned by Burton Thomas[4] as a rural cemetery. It featured many winding paths and he had more than 1,000 trees planted; Cowhorn Creek was dammed to create a lake within the grounds.[6] The cemetery has since expanded and covers approximately 100 acres (0.40 km2)[2] and holds some 33,000 burials.[7] The cemetery includes the historic African-American Burying Ground. Since 2001, city residents have held annual commemorations of Juneteenth, celebrating emancipation and the end of the American Civil War; particularly since 2006, some have been held at the Burying Ground.[8]
Vale Cemetery Association
In February 1858, the Common Council declared that it could not continue to run the cemetery at the taxpayers' expense and that the cemetery must be taken up by private owners. Fourteen of the lot holders formed the Vale Cemetery Association and bought the 38 acres (150,000 m2) from the Common Council.[4] They paid the sum of $800, and announced that some land, known as the Potters' Field, would be set aside for the burial of the poor. In 2007 as part of the Schenectady Colonial celebrations, the Association held a dinner to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the cemetery.
Vale mapping project
In late 2006, interest in mapping the cemetery was indicated by several people connected with the cemetery. They developed the Vale mapping project. The project started in spring 2007, using GPS and techniques used in England and Scotland [9] to locate each grave.[10] The group intends to map all the graves and document them, to establish a full record before there is further damage or deterioration of many of the historic memorials.
Gallery
Veterans plot, February 2007
Westinghouse Family memorial, February 2007
State Street entrance sign, February 2007
Vale Park entrance, November 2010
Notable burials
The information on notable burials has been extracted and précised from Katherine Olney Delain's Biographies of Notables at Vale Cemetery (2005).[11]
Engineers and scientists
- Ernst Alexanderson – came to the United States in 1901 to meet electrical wizard Charles Steinmetz. Developed the Alexanderson alternator, the first radio transmitter used to broadcast the human voice. Dr. Alexanderson was also instrumental in the development of television. Over his lifetime, Dr. Alexanderson received 344 patents, the last awarded in 1973 at age 94.
- Ellis Family – The father and two sons were presidents of Schenectady Locomotive Works, later to become American Locomotive Company.
- Ernst Julius Berg (1871–1941) – mathematician and electro-physicist. A pioneer of radio, he produced the first two-way radio voice program in the United States.
- Clute Brothers – produced the gun turret motors for the first ironclad ship, the USS Monitor.
- William D. Coolidge (1873–1975) – inventor of the modern X-ray tube, head of General Electric Development Center. He also developed the sodium vapor lamp and was holder of 83 patents.
- Philip Dodge – inventor of the Linotype machine
- Henry Ramsey – N.Y.S. engineer and surveyor in the 1830s, worked on the Erie Canal
- Christian Steenstrup (1873–1955) – born in Denmark emigrated to the US in 1894. Designed the Monitor Top Refrigerator while at General Electric, held over 100 patents.
- Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865–1923) – mathematician, inventor, and electrical engineer, was a pioneer and considered the leading electrical engineer in the United States during his lifetime. He was also a professor of electrical engineering and electrophysics at Union College, Schenectady.
- Silas Watson Ford – paleontologist who made some of the most important discoveries of the 19th century about the Cambrian Period. Awarded an honorary master's degree by Union College in 1879.
Military
Politicians and government
Sports
Various
- Francis Dana – Activist in the Underground Railway and contributor to the Albany Abolitionist newspaper.
- Eliphalet Nott, D.D., L.L.D. – Fourth President of Union College, serving 1804–1866. He established it as a national center for learning.
- Robert Furman – Local businessman who donated land to form Central Park and helped establish Vale Cemetery. He introduced trolleys to Schenectady.
- Westinghouse Family – George Westinghouse was well known in the farming industry having invented the thresher. George Westinghouse Jr., competitor of Thomas Edison, developed innovations in the electrical and railroad industries. He and his wife are buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
- James Cuff Swits – (known as Indian Jim), a Mohawk man more than 8 feet tall. He was well respected for his knowledge of herbs. A friend carved Indian Jim's likeness into his gravestone; he was buried at Potters Field.
Burial facts
- The first burial was of four-year-old Noah Vibbard Van Vorst.
- The oldest burial is that of Elias Van Guysling who died in 1695. His remains were relocated from the family plot on Van Slyk Island when General Electric enlarged their site.
- The oldest grave marker is that of Jan Maybee, of Mabee House, who died in 1725.
Sections
The cemetery is divided into several sections, each having its own historic importance:
- Veterans Section – veterans from the Civil War and Spanish–American War are buried here, as well as later ones.
- First Reformed Church – The graves in this section predate the formation of Vale Cemetery. They were moved in 1879 from various small First Reformed Church cemeteries scattered throughout the Stockade. The oldest marker is that of Jan Mabee, survivor of the Schenectady Massacre, who died in 1725.
- African Section (now called the African-American Burying Ground) – the original African Cemetery was located on Hamilton Hill. Judge Alonzo C. Paige purchased that area for real estate development. He purchased space in Vale and had the remains re-interred at his expense. His action protected the graves, as people had disturbed the graves on the hill by removing sandy soil for cement making.
- Union College Plot – reserved for full professors of Union College, their spouses and unmarried children.
- Green Street Section – represents the memorial style c. 1701–1830. The stones were removed from the old cemetery and reset here in 1879.[11]
- Christian Temple
- German Methodist – this area was used by descendants of the early 18th-century German Palatine communities in the Mohawk Valley
- Potters Field Area – The original area set aside for the burial of the poor
- Old Ladies Home – Site for residents of the Home for the Friendless, a charity set up by Urania Nott, wife of Eliphalet Nott, the first President of Union College.
Notable structures
- Christian Temple and GME (German Methodist Episcopal Church).
- The Haigh mausoleum is adorned with a statue of a dog named Lion. The legend is that after his master died, Lion came to the mausoleum daily where he was cared for by cemetery staff. The statue is in Lion's memory.
- Stanford Mausoleum – The family raised eight children, the most notable being Leland Stanford. In early life Leland was an attorney. He opened an office in Port Washington, Wisconsin, but shortly thereafter a fire destroyed his office and a $3,000 library. Leland decided to head west, where he joined his brothers in business. He made a fortune in the railroad industry, being a principal in the building of the transcontinental railroad. Stanford and his wife Jane founded Stanford University in memory of their son Leland Jr., who died young.
- A Celtic Cross.
- Holland Mausoleum.
- Revolutionary War Memorial.
- The Superintendent's House (1889–1890) and Caretaker's Cottage are listed as contributing buildings to the Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. The North Terrace Gate, State Street Gate, and Brandywine Avenue Gate are listed as contributing structures.
References
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ a b Friends of Vale (2005). Handout – History of Vale Cemetery.
- ^ Raymond W. Smith (June 2004). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Vale Cemetery and Vale Park". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2010-12-24. See also: "Accompanying 16 photos". Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
- ^ a b c Vale Cemetery web site Archived 2007-01-05 at the Wayback Machine(accessed Feb 2007)
- ^ Friends of Vale (2005). Handout – History of Vale Cemetery.
- ^ Friends of Vale (2003). Handout – History of Vale Cemetery.
- ^ "Vale Cemetery famous interments". Archived from the original on 2007-01-06. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
- ^ Bill Buell, "Simpkins says playing slave helps to educate youngsters" Archived 2014-12-27 at the Wayback Machine, Daily Gazette, 2012, accessed 26 December 2014
- ^ Mapping Graveyards Archived 2007-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, Scottish Graveyards (accessed 21 February 2007)
- ^ Moore Kathleen, "Vale Cemetery to get high-tech help", The Daily Gazette (Schenectady & Albany County Edition), 6 January 2007, pp. B1 & B2
- ^ a b Delain, Katherine Olney; et al. (2005). Biographies of Notables at Vale Cemetery. Friends of Vale.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vale Cemetery, Schenectady.
- Vale Cemetery official site
- Vale Cemetery at Find a Grave
- Schenectady Digital History Archive
- Vale Cemetery, Schenectady, New York
- Alphabetical Index to Tombstone Inscriptions Collected by Beukendaal Chapter D.A.R. at Vale Cemetery, compiled by Charlotte Luckhurst, c. 1926–1930.
