ʿUbayda ibn al-Ḥārith ( árabe : عبيدة بن الحارث ) ( c. 562 - 13 de marzo de 624 ) fue pariente [1] y compañero del profeta islámico Mahoma . Es conocido por comandar la expedición en la que se disparó la primera flecha del Islam [1] [2] y por ser el primer musulmán martirizado en batalla y el tercero en el Islam. [3] [4]
Ubaydah era hijo de al-Harith ibn Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy, [5] : 116 [6] : 36 por lo tanto, primo hermano de Mahoma y sobrino del padre de Mahoma, Abdullah , y de sus tíos Abu Talib y Hamza ibn Abd al- Muttalib . Su madre, Sukhayla bint Khuza'i ibn Huwayrith ibn al-Harith ibn Khaythama ibn al-Harith ibn Malik ibn Jusham ibn Thaqif, era de la tribu Thaqif . Tenía dos hermanos, al-Tufayl y al-Husayn, que eran más de veinte años menores que él.
De varias concubinas, fue padre de nueve hijos: Muawiya, Awn, Munqidh, al-Harith, Ibrahim, Rabta, Khadija, Suhaykhla y Safiya. [6] : 36 No tuvo hijos con su única esposa legal conocida, Zaynab bint Khuzayma .
La apariencia de Ubaydah se describe como "mediana, morena, con un rostro hermoso". [6] : 36
Ubaydah se convirtió en musulmán antes de que Mahoma entrara en la casa de al-Arqam en 614. [6] : 36 Su nombre ocupa el duodécimo lugar en la lista de Ibn Ishaq de personas que aceptaron el Islam por invitación de Abu Bakr . [5] : 116
In 622 Ubaydah and his brothers, together with their young cousin Mistah ibn Uthatha, joined the general emigration to Medina.[6]: 36 They boarded with Abdullah ibn Salama in Quba[5]: 218 until Muhammad allotted them some land in Medina. Muhammad gave Ubaydah two brothers in Islam: Abu Bakr's freedman Bilal ibn Rabah and an ansar named Umayr ibn Al-Humam.[6]: 36–37
Some say that Ubaydah was the first to whom Muhammad gave a banner on a military expedition; others say Hamza was the first.[6]: 37
In April 623 Muhammad sent Ubaydah with a party of sixty armed Muhajirun to the valley of Rabigh. They expected to intercept a Quraysh caravan that was returning from Syria under the protection of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and 200 armed riders.[5]: 218 [6]: 37 [7][8][9] The Muslim party travelled as far as the wells at Thanyat al-Murra,[5]: 281 [8] where Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas shot an arrow at the Quraysh, said to be the first arrow shot in Islam.[5]: 281 [10][7] Despite this surprise attack, "they did not unsheathe a sword or approach one another," and the Muslims returned empty-handed.[6]: 37 [7][8]
Ubaydah was killed in the battle of Badr in 624 in triple combat against Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah, who cut off his leg. Although he was the first Muslim to be struck down at Badr, he survived his injury for several hours, so the first Muslims who actually died in the battle were Umar’s freedman Mihja’ and Haritha ibn Suraqa.[5]: 300 It is alleged that Ubaydah composed poetry while he was dying:
You may cut off my leg, yet I am a Muslim.
I hope in exchange for a life near to Allah,
with Houris fashioned like the most beautiful statues,
with the highest heaven for those who mount there...[5]: 349
He died at al-Safra, a day's march from Badr, and was buried there.[6]: 37
Tras su trágica muerte, el propio Mahoma casó a su viuda Zaynab. [11]
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