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Los tenistas masculinos número 1 del mundo

Los tenistas masculinos clasificados como número 1 del mundo es una lista año por año de los tenistas masculinos que fueron clasificados como número 1 del mundo por varias fuentes contemporáneas y modernas. Las clasificaciones anuales de las fuentes de las que se extraen los jugadores número 1 se citan para el nombre de cada jugador, con un resumen de los eventos de tenis más importantes de cada año también incluido. Si las clasificaciones mundiales no están disponibles, se accede a las clasificaciones recientes de los escritores de tenis para años históricos, con las fechas de las clasificaciones recientes identificadas. En el período 1948-1953, cuando no se crearon clasificaciones mundiales profesionales contemporáneas, se citan las clasificaciones profesionales de EE. UU.

Historia de los rankings

Antes de 1912

Existen pocas clasificaciones mundiales contemporáneas para el período comprendido entre el nacimiento del tenis sobre césped y 1912. Sin embargo, algunas federaciones nacionales de tenis, como la USLTA (USTA) en los Estados Unidos, crearon clasificaciones nacionales. También se incluyen publicaciones británicas que clasifican a los jugadores británicos. También se incluyen clasificaciones mundiales retrospectivas realizadas por el Salón de la Fama del Tenis Internacional.

Entre 1912 y 1973: clasificaciones basadas en opiniones y clasificaciones de series profesionales

Antes de que llegara la Era Abierta del tenis en 1968, las clasificaciones basadas en opiniones para los jugadores amateurs generalmente se compilaban para un año completo de juego o en septiembre después de los Campeonatos de EE. UU . . Los jugadores profesionales eran clasificados por periodistas, promotores y asociaciones de jugadores en clasificaciones basadas en opiniones, ya sea al final del año o en la primavera o el verano cuando terminaban los tours profesionales mundiales . También hubo sistemas de clasificación de puntos basados ​​en el rendimiento adjuntos a las series de torneos profesionales en 1946, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 y 1968, y clasificaciones profesionales basadas en el rendimiento de los tours profesionales en 1942, 1954, 1961 y 1963. Sin embargo, incluso para los amateurs, no había una clasificación general oficial única que abarcara todo el mundo. En cambio, las clasificaciones nacionales eran compiladas por la asociación nacional de tenis de cada país, y las clasificaciones mundiales eran dominio exclusivo de los periodistas de tenis o los reporteros de periódicos. Las clasificaciones amateur de fin de año emitidas por organizaciones oficiales como la Asociación de Tenis de Césped de Estados Unidos se basaban en juicios y opiniones y no en fórmulas matemáticas que asignaban puntos por victorias y derrotas.

El tenis profesional en Europa antes de 1926

Se dice que Thomas Burke, tutor del Club de Tenis de París y antiguo profesor del dos veces campeón de Wimbledon Joshua Pim , era tan buen jugador como los principales aficionados. [1] Charles Haggett fue el mejor profesional de la enseñanza del inglés durante principios del siglo XX. En 1913, Haggett se instaló en Estados Unidos, tras ser invitado por el West Side Tennis Club de Forest Hills, Nueva York y se convirtió en el entrenador del equipo estadounidense de Copa Davis . En los partidos de práctica, venció a los principales aficionados Anthony Wilding , ganador de Wimbledon y Maurice McLoughlin , ganador del Wimbledon All Comer's. [2]

En la década de 1920, Karel Koželuh , Albert Burke (hijo de Thomas Burke) y Roman Najuch fueron probablemente los más notables, así como los mejores, de estos jugadores. La Copa Bristol , celebrada en Beaulieu o en Cannes en la Riviera Francesa y ganada siete veces consecutivas por Koželuh, fue "el único torneo de tenis profesional importante del mundo". [3] Koželuh se convirtió en uno de los mejores profesionales de gira en la década de 1930. Él y Burke, sin embargo, no figuraron entre los mejores jugadores antes de 1928, ya que este fue el primer año en el que se publicó una clasificación retrospectiva de todos los mejores jugadores, amateurs y profesionales.

Principales torneos profesionales antes de 1968

Tres grandes torneos tenían cierta tradición y generalmente contaban con los mejores jugadores. El más prestigioso de los tres era generalmente el London Indoor Professional Championship . Jugado en la mayoría de los años entre 1934 y 1990 en el Wembley Arena en el Reino Unido, el torneo fue autorizado por la Lawn Tennis Association desde la década de 1950 en adelante. El más antiguo de los tres era el United States Professional Championship , jugado entre 1927 y 1999 (excepto 1944 y 1996) con la aprobación y participación de la USPLTA de 1928 a 1954. En 1950, el USPLTA US Pro se celebró en Cleveland. En 1951, el USPLTA US Pro se celebró en Forest Hills, sin embargo también hubo en 1951 el US Pro aprobado por la PTPA (bajo el nombre facturado International Pro) celebrado en Cleveland. Entre 1952-53 y 1955-62, la versión PTPA del US Pro se jugó en Cleveland (bajo el nombre de Campeonato Internacional o Campeonato Mundial Profesional). El USPLTA US Pro se celebró de nuevo en el LA Tennis Club en 1954 bajo la dirección de Kramer , sin embargo, la versión de Cleveland del US Pro también se celebró en 1954 bajo el nombre de Campeonato Mundial Profesional. El tercer torneo importante fue el Campeonato Profesional Francés , jugado en Roland Garros en los años 1930-1932, 1934-1939, 1956, 1958-62 y 1968, y en el Stade Coubertin de 1963 a 1967. Los campeonatos británico y estadounidense continuaron en la Era Abierta , pero pasaron a ser torneos menores.

Los historiadores del tenis suelen referirse a estos tres torneos (Wembley Pro, French Pro y US Pro) hasta 1967 como los principales eventos profesionales . [4] Sin embargo, en algunos años otros torneos tuvieron participantes más fuertes y premios en efectivo más grandes. El Forest Hills Tournament of Champions de 1957 se transmitió en vivo en su totalidad en la cadena de televisión nacional CBS en los EE. UU. [5] [6] El torneo profesional de Forest Hills en 1966 otorgó el premio en efectivo más grande de la temporada, y se hizo una película de la final. [7] El Wimbledon Pro en 1967 se transmitió completamente en color en la televisión BBC en Gran Bretaña y otorgó el premio en efectivo más grande de cualquier torneo profesional hasta ese momento. [8]

Antes de 1973, sólo había unas pocas clasificaciones basadas en los puntos que obtenían los jugadores por alcanzar un cierto nivel de rendimiento en torneos particulares, pero había periodistas o funcionarios (en su nombre personal) o promotores o los propios jugadores que enumeraban sus propias clasificaciones anuales subjetivas. En 1946, 1959, 1960 y 1964-1968 hubo sistemas de clasificación por puntos y listas de cabezas de serie aplicadas a series profesionales de torneos en las que participaban todos los mejores profesionales. En 1946, 1959 y 1960 también hubo giras del Campeonato Mundial Profesional con un pequeño número de profesionales, que no produjeron clasificaciones por puntos. Los ganadores de las giras del Campeonato Mundial Profesional de 1946, 1959 y 1960 fueron descritos como "campeones del mundo" en muchos informes, [9] [10] aunque el sistema de clasificación por puntos en 1959 también se mencionaba en el folleto de Kramer con el término "Campeonato Mundial de Tenis". [11] En 1961 y 1963, el ITPTA World Championship Tour elaboró ​​un orden de clasificación oficial para los profesionales contratados. Sin embargo, en algunos años, solo un pequeño número de promotores, jugadores o periodistas profesionales publicaron clasificaciones basadas en opiniones al final del año tenístico. También se incluyen clasificaciones retrospectivas basadas en opiniones realizadas por historiadores del tenis o estadísticos deportivos muchos años después de que terminara el año tenístico (por ejemplo, en la década de 2000 para un año en la década de 1950).

A partir de 1973: el ranking ATP moderno

En agosto de 1973, la Asociación de Tenistas Profesionales (ATP) introdujo su propia clasificación . [12] Esa clasificación matemática basada en el mérito se publicó 11 veces ese año y con una frecuencia cada vez mayor en los años siguientes hasta que se publicó semanalmente a partir de 1979. [13] En las décadas de 1970 y 1980 no tuvieron en cuenta ciertos eventos, como la Copa Davis, las Finales del WCT y el Masters de fin de año (actualmente llamado Finales ATP ). Stan Smith, un jugador destacado en la década de 1970 cuando comenzaron las clasificaciones ATP, dijo que "hubo mucha conversación y ajustes durante los años de formación en cuanto al peso de los diversos torneos e incluso el peso de las rondas en los torneos. El dinero del premio por ronda también se debatió junto con los puntos de clasificación". [13] Desde 1990, la ATP ha otorgado puntos para las Finales ATP. [14]

Clasificaciones en disputa

En los primeros años posteriores a la introducción de la clasificación ATP, otras clasificaciones propuestas por expertos en tenis o por los propios jugadores eran posiblemente más precisas porque incluían esos eventos y ajustaban las clasificaciones para reflejar la importancia real de torneos particulares. En 1977, Connors era el número 1 en la clasificación ATP, pero Borg y Vilas fueron los hombres que recibieron la mayoría de las clasificaciones número 1 de otras fuentes. Desde la década de 1990, las clasificaciones ATP han sido generalmente aceptadas como clasificaciones oficiales. Desde 1978, la ITF (representada inicialmente por un panel de expertos compuesto por Don Budge , Lew Hoad y Fred Perry ) designó a los campeones mundiales anuales de la ITF . [a] [15]

Algunos escritores de tenis recientes brindan clasificaciones para ciertos jugadores en el pasado distante en base a períodos, por ejemplo, Kramer clasificó como el n.° 1 para el período de 1946 a 1953. Se harán anotaciones para las clasificaciones anuales de n.° 1 derivadas de una clasificación de período.

Lista de jugadores número 1 del ranking

1877–1911: clasificaciones nacionales y mundiales

Las clasificaciones de la primera era del tenis son más variables debido a la escasez de fuentes. Existen pocas clasificaciones mundiales contemporáneas para este período.

1912-presente: clasificaciones anuales y de fin de año

A partir de 1912, las fuentes son más detalladas y están mejor documentadas. Todos los jugadores que recibieron una mención de número uno mundial durante el año aparecen en la columna del número uno.

Era abierta

A partir de 1968, a los jugadores profesionales se les permitió competir con aficionados en una gira unificada (todos los jugadores de la Era Abierta son profesionales a menos que se indique lo contrario).

See also

Notes

  1. ^ When ITF announced the World Champion title it indicated that it would be based on player performances at the Grand Slam tournaments, the Davis Cup, the Masters and the WCT Finals.[15]
  2. ^ He ranked Von Cramm first on ability.[169]
  3. ^ See:[254][255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264]
  4. ^ L'Impartial on 6 January 1960 declared Hoad "world champion" and winner of "the world title" following Ampol Open Trophy win; Australian sources stated Hoad was "world tournament champion".,[348] and referred to the Ampol series as "the world's open tennis championship" and also as "the world series".[349] Sydney Morning Herald on 10 January 1960 stated that Hoad had won "the title of world's top professional tennis player". In an advertisement in World Tennis magazine in June 1960, Hoad was described as "world champion Lew Hoad".[350] Kramer's brochure described the Ampol series as "World Championship Tennis" and "the world series".[11]There had also been news reports from January to April 1960 of Gonzales being the defending world champion or winning a "world series".[351] On 10 January 1960, The Philadelphia Inquirer called Pancho Gonzales "world professional tennis champion".[352] On 15 January 1960, Lawn Tennis and Badminton said Hoad was taking a six month rest and the article stated "J. Kramer is urging Hoad not to take this step, as during this year he will have his best chance of taking R. A. Gonzales' world professional title from him".[353] On 24 January 1960, Gonzales was billed as "World Pro Champion" in The Boston Globe.[354] On 29 January 1960, the Los Angeles Times said "Gonzales goes after an unprecedented sixth straight world crown".[355] In April 1960, near the conclusion of the 4-man pro tour of the following year, some newspaper reports described Pancho Gonzales as "world professional tennis champion since 1954".[356][357][358][359][360][361][362][363] Gonzales was described as the "titleholder" of the "World Professional Tennis Championship" in The Age on 12 April 1960.[364]
  5. ^ Match records for players other than Laver are from the ATP website.
  6. ^ He ranked Smith No. 1 for the 11 months through October in December 1973[457]
  7. ^ See 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982 and 1989.
  8. ^ Originally, best of 14 events but expanded to 18 in 2000.
  9. ^ Collins & Hollander (1997), p. 652 has Edberg, Lendl and Sampras equal at No. 2, with no No. 1.

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Bibliography

External links