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El portal de la ropa

La ropa (también conocida como ropa , prendas de vestir , vestido , indumentaria o atuendo ) es cualquier artículo que se usa sobre el cuerpo . Por lo general, la ropa está hecha de telas o textiles , pero con el tiempo ha incluido prendas hechas de piel de animales y otras láminas delgadas de materiales y productos naturales que se encuentran en el medio ambiente, juntas. El uso de ropa está restringido principalmente a los seres humanos y es una característica de todas las sociedades humanas. La cantidad y el tipo de ropa que se usa depende del género, el tipo de cuerpo, los factores sociales y las consideraciones geográficas. Las prendas cubren el cuerpo, el calzado cubre los pies, los guantes cubren las manos, mientras que los sombreros y los tocados cubren la cabeza y la ropa interior cubre las partes íntimas .

La vestimenta también tiene factores sociales importantes. El uso de ropa es una norma social variable . Puede connotar modestia . Ser privado de ropa frente a otras personas puede ser vergonzoso . En muchas partes del mundo, no usar ropa en público de modo que los genitales , los senos o las nalgas sean visibles podría considerarse una exposición indecente . La zona púbica o la cobertura genital es el mínimo que se encuentra con más frecuencia en todas las culturas y sin importar el clima, lo que implica una convención social como base de las costumbres. La ropa también puede usarse para comunicar estatus social, riqueza, identidad grupal e individualismo. ( Artículo completo... )

Textil es un término general que incluye varios materiales a base de fibras , incluyendo fibras, hilos , filamentos , hilos , diferentes tipos de telas, etc. Al principio, la palabra "textiles" solo se refería a telas tejidas . Sin embargo, el tejido no es el único método de fabricación, y muchos otros métodos se desarrollaron posteriormente para formar estructuras textiles en función de su uso previsto. El tejido de punto y los no tejidos son otros tipos populares de fabricación de telas. En el mundo contemporáneo, los textiles satisfacen lasnecesidades de materiales para aplicaciones versátiles, desde ropa de diario sencilla hasta chalecos antibalas , trajes espaciales y batas de médico . ( Artículo completo... )

Las artes textiles son artes y artesanías que utilizan fibras vegetales , animales o sintéticas para construir objetos prácticos o decorativos. ( Artículo completo... )

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Imagen 1
Fruncido en el cuello de una prenda del siglo XVI

El fruncido es unatécnica de bordado que se utiliza para fruncir la tela de forma que se pueda estirar. Antes de la aparición del elástico , el fruncido se utilizaba habitualmente en puños , corpiños y escotes de prendas en las que los botones no eran deseables. El fruncido se desarrolló en Inglaterra y se ha practicado desde la Edad Media ; es un método de bordado poco habitual, ya que lo usaban a menudo los trabajadores. Otros estilos de bordado importantes son puramente decorativos y representan símbolos de estatus. El fruncido era práctico para que las prendas se ajustaran al cuerpo y fueran flexibles, de ahí que su nombre derive de smock , una camisa de trabajo de los trabajadores agrícolas. El fruncido se utilizó más ampliamente en los siglos XVIII y XIX. ( Artículo completo... )
Imagen 2
Madejas teñidas naturalmente hechas con raíz de rubia , Colonial Williamsburg, VA

Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources—roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood—and other biological sources such as fungi.

Archaeologists have found evidence of textile dyeing dating back to the Neolithic period. In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years. The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. Typically, the dye material is put in a pot of water and heated to extract the dye compounds into solution with the water. Then the textiles to be dyed are added to the pot, and held at heat until the desired color is achieved. Textile fibre may be dyed before spinning or weaving ("dyed in the wool"), after spinning ("yarn-dyed") or after weaving ("piece-dyed"). Many natural dyes require the use of substances called mordants to bind the dye to the textile fibres. Mordants (from Latin mordere 'to bite') are metal salts that can form a stable molecular coordination complex with both natural dyes and natural fibres. Historically, the most common mordants were alum (potassium aluminum sulfate—a metal salt of aluminum) and iron (ferrous sulfate). Many other metal salt mordants were also used, but are seldom used now due to modern research evidence of their extreme toxicity either to human health, ecological health, or both. These include salts of metals such as chrome, copper, tin, lead, and others. In addition, a number of non-metal salt substances can be used to assist with the molecular bonding of natural dyes to natural fibres—either on their own, or in combination with metal salt mordants—including tannin from oak galls and a range of other plants/plant parts, "pseudo-tannins", such as plant-derived oxalic acid, and ammonia from stale urine. Plants that bio-accumulate aluminum have also been used. Some mordants, and some dyes themselves, produce strong odors, and large-scale dyeworks were often isolated in their own districts. (Full article...)
Image 3
Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk, a Chinese silk painting sucby Emperor Huizong of Song, early 12th century.

The production of silk originated in Neolithic China within the Yangshao culture (4th millennium BC). Though it would later reach other places in the world, the art of silk production remained confined to China until the Silk Road opened at 114 BC. Even after trade opened, China maintained a virtual monopoly over silk production for another thousand years. The use of silk within China was not confined to clothing alone, and silk was used for a number of applications, such as writing. Within clothing, the color of silk worn also held social importance, and formed an important guide of social class during the Tang dynasty of China.

Silk cultivation had reached Japan by 300 AD, and by 552 AD the Byzantine Empire managed to obtain silkworm eggs and were able to begin silkworm cultivation while the Arabs also started to manufacture silk at around the same time. As a result of the spread of sericulture, Chinese silk exports became less important, although they still maintained dominance over the luxury silk market. The Crusades brought silk production to Western Europe, in particular to many Italian states, which saw an economic boom exporting silk to the rest of Europe. Developments in the manufacturing technique also started to take place during the Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries) in Europe, with devices such as the spinning wheel first appearing at this time. During the 16th century, France joined Italy in developing a successful silk trade, although the efforts of most other nations to develop a silk industry of their own were unsuccessful. (Full article...)
Image 4
Weaving at Finlayson factory in Tampere, Finland in 1951

Textile manufacturing or textile engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products.

Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. Cotton remains the most widely used and common natural fiber making up 90% of all-natural fibers used in the textile industry. People often use cotton clothing and accessories because of comfort, not limited to different weathers. There are many variable processes available at the spinning and fabric-forming stages coupled with the complexities of the finishing and colouration processes to the production of a wide range of products. (Full article...)
Image 5
Commercial machine embroidery in chain stitch on a voile curtain, China, early 21st century

Machine embroidery is an embroidery process whereby a sewing machine or embroidery machine is used to create patterns on textiles. It is used commercially in product branding, corporate advertising, and uniform adornment. It is also used in the fashion industry to decorate garments and apparel. Machine embroidery is used by hobbyists and crafters to decorate gifts, clothing, and home decor. Examples include designs on quilts, pillows, and wall hangings.

There are multiple types of machine embroidery. Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine. Designs are done manually. Most commercial embroidery is done with link stitch embroidery. In link stitch embroidery, patterns may be manually or automatically controlled. Link Stitch embroidery is also known as chenille embroidery, and was patented by Pulse Microsystems in 1994. More modern computerized machine embroidery uses an embroidery machine or sewing/embroidery machine that is controlled with a computer that embroiders stored patterns. These machines may have multiple heads and threads. (Full article...)
Image 6
A contemporary Navajo rug

Navajo weaving (Navajo: diyogí) are textiles produced by Navajo people, who are based near the Four Corners area of the United States. Navajo textiles are highly regarded and have been sought after as trade items for more than 150 years. Commercial production of handwoven blankets and rugs has been an important element of the Navajo economy. As one art historian wrote, "Classic Navajo serapes at their finest equal the delicacy and sophistication of any pre-mechanical loom-woven textile in the world."

Navajo textiles were originally utilitarian weavings, including cloaks, dresses, saddle blankets, and similar items. By the mid-19th century, Navajo wearing blankets were trade items prized by Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and neighboring tribes. Toward the end of the 19th century, Navajo weavers began to make rugs for non-Native tourists and for export. (Full article...)
Image 7
Ainu ceremonial dress on display under glass in the British Museum

The conservation and restoration of textiles refers to the processes by which textiles are cared for and maintained to be preserved from future damage. The field falls under the category of art conservation, heritage conservation as well as library preservation, depending on the type of collection. The concept of textile preservation applies to a wide range of artifacts, including tapestries, carpets, quilts, clothing, flags and curtains, as well as objects which "contain" textiles, such as upholstered furniture, dolls, and accessories such as fans, parasols, gloves and hats or bonnets. Many of these artifacts require specialized care, often by a professional conservator. (Full article...)
Image 8
Mascarade à l'éléphant, also known as Elephant (387 x 640 cm. ; 152 x 252 in.)

The Valois Tapestries are a series of eight large tapestries depicting festivities or "magnificences" held by Catherine de' Medici's Royal Courts in the second half of the 16th century. The tapestries were primarily modeled on drawings by Antoine Caron, but to Caron's distant views of large panoramas crowded with figures much larger portraits of leading persons at the French court have been added in the foreground, usually to the side, as well as elaborate borders.

They were produced by teams of weavers in the Spanish Netherlands, probably in Brussels or Antwerp, shortly after 1580. A number of great artists and artisans worked on the creation of these tapestries but today we are left with nothing but theories and speculation to their identities. Scholars such as Frances Yates and Jean Coural have developed nuanced theories backed by solid evidence to identify these unknown contributors, and also the political meaning of the tapestries, but research has yet to confirm many of these findings. These works display surprisingly intimate and personal moments within the royal inner circle clashing against the busy backdrops of these lavish festivals. (Full article...)
Image 9
Woman knitting

Knitting is a method for production of textile fabrics by interlacing yarn loops with loops of the same or other yarns. It is used to create many types of garments. Knitting may be done by hand or by machine.

Knitting creates stitches: loops of yarn in a row; they can be either on straight flat needles or in the round on needles with (often times plastic) tubes connected to both ends of the needles. There are usually many active stitches on the knitting needle at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of connected loops that intermesh with the next and previous rows. As each row is formed, each newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row and placed on the gaining needle so that the loops from the prior row can be pulled off the other needle without unraveling. (Full article...)
Image 10

Female (left) and male (right) cochineals

The cochineal (/ˌkɒtʃɪˈniːl, ˈkɒtʃɪniːl/ KOTCH-ih-NEEL, -⁠neel, US also /ˌkoʊtʃɪˈniːl, ˈkoʊtʃɪniːl/ KOH-chih-; Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived. A primarily sessile parasite native to tropical and subtropical South America through North America (Mexico and the Southwest United States), this insect lives on cacti in the genus Opuntia, feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. The insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, collected by brushing them off the plants, and dried.

The insect produces carminic acid that deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid, typically 17–24% of dried insects' weight, can be extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick (E120 or Natural Red 4). (Full article...)
Image 11
An Aran cardigan in the traditional white báinín colour.

The Aran jumper (Irish: Geansaí Árann), also called a fisherman's jumper or a gansey, is a style of jumper that takes its name from the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland. A traditional Aran Jumper usually is off-white in colour, with cable patterns on the body and sleeves. Originally the jumpers were knitted using unscoured wool that retained its natural oils (lanolin) which made the garments water-resistant and meant they remained wearable even when wet.

Use of the word jumper (or other options such as "pullover" and "jersey") is largely determined by the regional version of English used. In the case of Ireland, Britain and Australia, "jumper" is the standard word, “jersey” is used in South Africa and New Zealand, whereas "sweater" is mainly found in tourist shops and in North America. The word used in Irish is geansaí. (Full article...)
Image 12

Illustration by Vilhelm Pedersen, Andersen's first illustrator

"The Emperor's New Clothes" (Danish: Kejserens nye klæder [ˈkʰɑjsɐns ˈnyˀə ˈkʰlɛːðə]) is a literary folktale written by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, about a vain emperor who gets exposed before his subjects. The tale has been translated into over 100 languages.

"The Emperor's New Clothes" was first published with "The Little Mermaid" in Copenhagen, Denmark, by C. A. Reitzel, on 7 April 1837, as the third and final installment of Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. The tale has been adapted to various media, and the story's title, the phrase "the Emperor has no clothes", and variations thereof have been adopted for use in numerous other works and as idioms. (Full article...)
Image 13

Posthumous depiction of Ross, from 1893

Elizabeth Griscom Ross (née Griscom; January 1, 1752 – January 30, 1836), also known by her second and third married names, Ashburn and Claypoole, was an American upholsterer who was credited by her relatives in 1870 with making the second official U.S. flag, accordingly known as the Betsy Ross flag. Though most historians dismiss the story, Ross family tradition holds that General George Washington, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and two members of a congressional committee—Robert Morris and George Ross—visited Mrs. Ross in 1776. Mrs. Ross convinced George Washington to change the shape of the stars in a sketch of a flag he showed her from six-pointed to five-pointed by demonstrating that it was easier and speedier to cut the latter. However, there is no archival evidence or other recorded verbal tradition to substantiate this story of the first U.S. flag. It appears that the story first surfaced in the writings of her grandson in the 1870s (a century after the fact), with no mention or documentation in earlier decades.

Ross made flags for the Pennsylvania Navy during the American Revolution. After the Revolution, she made U.S. flags for over 50 years, including 50 garrison flags for the U.S. Arsenal on the Schuylkill River during 1811. The flags of the Pennsylvania navy were overseen by the Pennsylvania Navy Board. The board reported to the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly's Committee of Safety. In July 1775, the President of the Committee of Safety was Benjamin Franklin. Its members included Robert Morris and George Ross. At that time, the committee ordered the construction of gunboats that would eventually need flags as part of their equipment. As late as October 1776, Captain William Richards was still writing to the Committee of Safety to request the design that he could use to order flags for the fleet. (Full article...)
Image 14
A hemp field in Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France, which is Europe's largest hemp producer as of 2022

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.

Although chemotype I cannabis and hemp (types II, III, IV, V) are both Cannabis sativa and contain the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), they represent distinct cultivar groups, typically with unique phytochemical compositions and uses. Hemp typically has lower concentrations of total THC and may have higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which potentially mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC. The legality of hemp varies widely among countries. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content into commercial production. (Full article...)
Image 15

The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Spanning over 6,400 km (4,000 mi), it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds. The name "Silk Road" was first coined in the late 19th century, but some 20th- and 21st-century historians instead prefer the term Silk Routes, on the grounds that it more accurately describes the intricate web of land and sea routes connecting Central, East, South, Southeast, and West Asia as well as East Africa and Southern Europe.

The Silk Road derives its name from the highly lucrative trade of silk textiles that were primarily produced in China. The network began with the expansion of the Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE) into Central Asia around 114 BCE, through the missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy Zhang Qian, which brought the region under unified control. The Chinese took great interest in the security of their trade products, and extended the Great Wall of China to ensure the protection of the trade route. By the first century CE, Chinese silk was widely sought-after in Rome, Egypt, and Greece. Other lucrative commodities from the East included tea, dyes, perfumes, and porcelain; among Western exports were horses, camels, honey, wine, and gold. Aside from generating substantial wealth for emerging mercantile classes, the proliferation of goods such as paper and gunpowder greatly affected the trajectory of political history in several theatres in Eurasia and beyond. (Full article...)

Sabías(generado automáticamente)

... que durante una renovación del 4 de Park Avenue , los trabajadores encontraron una habitación sellada con ropa y zapatos de mujer que no estaba en los planos del edificio?
... ¿Que Church Clothes 4 trata sobre la deconstrucción y reconstrucción de la fe del artista de hip hop cristiano Lecrae ?
... que durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la campaña Make-Do and Mend del gobierno británico alentó al público a transformar la ropa de hombre en ropa de mujer?
... que el jefe supremo liberiano Tamba Taylor trabajaba como sastre y afirmaba haber cosido ropa para el emperador etíope Haile Selassie y el presidente ghanés Kwame Nkrumah ?
... que según Brandy Hellville , los ejecutivos de Brandy Melville han comprado la ropa de los empleados?
... que después de ser criticada por vestirse "como una muñeca" en una reunión importante, la pionera feminista rusa Anna Filosofova respondió que "la ropa no hace a la mujer"?

Más ¿Sabías qué?

...que los lizos (en la foto) tienen un papel integral en el tejido , y que un telar utilizará varios cientos a la vez?
...que en las orillas del río Shitalakshya , en Bangladesh , hay centros de tejido artístico, donde una vez floreció la industria de la muselina ?
...que los colonos británicos empleaban agentes indios llamados gomasthas para obtener bienes de los tejedores locales y fijar sus precios ?

Portales relacionados

Imagen seleccionada

Una bandera de barco medieval capturada por las fuerzas de Lübeck en la década de 1420 mostraba los escudos de armas de Dinamarca , Suecia , Noruega y Pomerania . En esa época, Dinamarca, Noruega y Suecia estaban unidas en la Unión de Kalmar . El santo que acompaña a la Virgen María y al niño Jesús es Santiago el Mayor , identificado por su emblema de concha de vieira . La bandera estaba hecha de lino grueso. Todas las figuras e insignias heráldicas se crearon con pintura a base de aceite.

Imágenes generales -cargar nuevo lote

Las siguientes son imágenes de varios artículos relacionados con ropa en Wikipedia.

Image 1El Códice Bóxer , que muestra la vestimenta de un filipino del período clásico, hecha de seda y algodón (de Historia de la vestimenta y los textiles )
Image 2Melania Trump con la primera dama argentina Juliana Awada en 2017 (de Moda )
Image 3Este recorte de 1921 del St. Louis Post-Dispatch , con historia y dibujos de Marguerite Martyn , representa la cobertura saturada que el periódico dio a las mujeres de la alta sociedad en un baile de moda. (de Fashion )
Image 4Damascos de seda italianos del siglo XIV (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 5Túnica Mapa Indígena Américas diseñada en 2018 por Carla Fernández y Pedro Reyes para Taller Flora. (de Moda )
Image 6Ventas brutas de bienes frente a leyes de propiedad intelectual (EE. UU., 2007) (de Moda )
Image 7Una modelo vistió un top transparente con pezoneras en un desfile de moda en EE. UU. en 2017. Estas tendencias de moda se popularizaron a través de los medios. (De Moda )
Image 8Maquinaria textil en la fábrica Cambrian, Llanwrtyd , Gales, en la década de 1940 (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 9El apogeo del arte de cortar: Enrique IV, duque de Sajonia , hacia 1514 (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 10La vestimenta nacional estonia es un buen ejemplo de los cambios que se produjeron en la vestimenta después de la Revolución Industrial. Durante los siglos XVIII y XIX se modificaron mucho con la incorporación de nuevos tipos de colores (como los tintes de anilina ), la colocación de los colores (como las rayas longitudinales) y la incorporación de nuevos elementos (como los chalecos). A finales del siglo XIX dejaron de usarse en la mayor parte del país (excepto en lugares más remotos como la isla de Kihnu ) y no fue hasta mediados del siglo XX cuando volvieron a ganar popularidad, ahora como vestimenta formal. Miembros del Conjunto de Arte Popular de la Universidad de Tartu con ropa específica de la isla de Kihnu, la parroquia de Tori (mujeres con faldas rojas) y la zona de Tõstamaa (hombres con ropa marrón). (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 11Edgar I de Inglaterra con túnica corta, calzas y capa, 966 (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 12Vendedora de teñido anudado, julio de 2013 (de Moda )
Image 13Mujer hindú con sari , una de las prendas más antiguas y populares del subcontinente indio . (de Moda )
Image 14Kaia Gerber en la Semana de la Moda Max Mara de Milán 2019 (de Moda )
Image 15Liu Wen , supermodelo , camina por la pasarela modelando los diseños de la diseñadora Diane von Fürstenberg en la Semana de la Moda de Nueva York 2013. (de Moda )
Image 16Conjunto de ciclismo de mujer, 1898, LACMA (de Fashion )
Image 17Una mujer de la región de Bengala , en la parte oriental del subcontinente indio , vestida con una fina muselina bengalí , siglo XVIII. (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 18Jacqueline Kennedy , la esposa del presidente John F. Kennedy , hizo del rosa un color popular en la alta costura. (de Moda )
Image 19Las botas Timberland son un calzado de uso diario en la calle. (de Moda )
Image 20El dibujo de Alberto Durero contrasta a una burguesa de Núremberg bien vestida (izquierda) con su contraparte de Venecia. Los altos zapatos de tacón de la dama veneciana la hacen parecer más alta. (de Moda )
Image 21Una reinterpretación francesa de la moda española, con un elaborado volante reticular, 1609 (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 22Sedas con estampados florales llamativos, siglo XV (de Historia de la indumentaria y los textiles )
Image 23Moda francesa del New Larousse Illustrated , 1617–1898 (de Moda )
Image 24Celebridades como Britney Spears han popularizado el concepto de usar ropa interior como ropa exterior . (de Moda )
Image 25Gensei Kajin Shu de Yoshu Chikanobu , 1890. Diversos estilos de ropa tradicional japonesa y estilos occidentales. (de Moda )
Image 26María Antonieta , esposa de Luis XVI, fue una líder de la moda. Sus elecciones, como este vestido de muselina blanca de 1783 llamado chemise à la Reine , fueron muy influyentes y ampliamente usadas. (de Moda )
Image 27La reportera deportiva mexicana Inés Sainz con un pequeño vestido negro y botas hasta la rodilla (de Moda )
Image 28Bailarines latinos con sus trajes . La mujer lleva un vestido sin espalda con aberturas profundas en la parte inferior, mientras que el hombre lleva una camisa con los botones superiores abiertos. (Foto de Moda )
Image 29Moda de pieles a la venta en Tallin , Estonia (de Moda )
Image 30Portada del catálogo de primavera y verano de 1926-27 de Marcus Clarks (de Fashion )
Image 31Modelo con un vestido moderno que refleja la tendencia de moda actual en un desfile de moda, París, 2011 (de Moda )