List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, I–O

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

References

^ Finch 1965, p. 62, note 3.
^ Hollander 1928, pp. 315.
^ a b c d Gillespie 1973, p. 84.
^ Malone 1926, p. 230.
^ Orel 2003, p. 82.
^ Foulke 1974, p. 5.
^ Foulke 1974, pp. 11ff.
^ Foulke 1974, p. 15.
^ Foulke 1974, pp. 16f.
^ Foulke 1974, pp. 24f.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 313.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 166.
^ Hollander 1928, pp. 197ff.
^ Jónsson 1932, pp. 195ff.
^ a b c d Gillespie 1973, p. 85.
^ de Vries 2000, p. 285.
^ Hollander 1928, p. 220.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 949.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 30.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 943.
^ a b Peterson 2007, pp. 135f.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 43.
^ Byock 1999, p. 96.
^ Waggoner 2009, p. 72.
^ Tolkien 1960, p. 4.
^ Tolkien 1960, p. 10 and note 1.
^ a b Krause 2010, p. 151.
^ a b Peterson 2007, p. 136.
^ Bullough 1993, p. 93, and note 3.
^ Malone 1930, pp. 257f.
^ Malone 1930, p. 273.
^ Miller 2007, p. 16.
^ Malone 1930, p. 260.
^ Malone 1930, p. 261.
^ Klaeber 2008, p. 231.
^ Entry Ög 136, in Rundata.
^ a b Tolkien 1960, p. 59, note 5.
^ a b Tolkien 1960, p. 59.
^ Nerman 1925, p. 223.
^ Finlay & Faulkes 2016, pp. 43ff.
^ a b c Peterson 2007, p. 27.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 214f.
^ Nerman 1925, p. 228.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 222, 227f.
^ Nerman 1925, p. 219.
^ Hollander 1936, p. 46, note 2.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 209.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 314.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 669.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 207.
^ a b McKinnell 2005, p. 240.
^ Westrin 1910c, p. 736.
^ Bellows 1923, p. 222.
^ a b c Gillespie 1973, p. 86.
^ Uecker 1972, p. 133.
^ a b Förstemann 1900, p. 967.
^ a b c Förstemann 1900, p. 845.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 845, 967.
^ Orel 2003, p. 171.
^ Orel 2003, p. 163.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 7.
^ a b Gentry et al. 2011, p. 104.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 118.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 319.
^ Krause 2010, pp. 153–154.
^ Gentry et al. 2011, p. 94.
^ Gentry et al. 2011, p. 65.
^ McTurk 2006, p. 681.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 142.
^ Westrin 1910a, pp. 1118–1119.
^ Fisher 2015, p. 665.
^ Waggoner 2009, p. 70.
^ Tolkien 1960, p. 59, note 3.
^ de Vries 2000, p. 293.
^ Gschwantler 1971, pp. 169–170.
^ Gschwantler 1971, pp. 168–169.
^ Gentry et al. 2011, p. 95.
^ Nerman 1919, p. 145.
^ Peterson 2004, p. 24.
^ Peterson 2004, pp. 22, 24.
^ Clarke 1911, pp. 77f.
^ Westrin 1910b, p. 173.
^ Simek 1993, p. 4.
^ de Vries 2000, pp. 301–302.
^ a b Ellis 1968, p. 139.
^ Hollander 1928, pp. 200ff.
^ Jónsson 1932, pp. 197ff.
^ Chadwick 1921, p. 60.
^ Chadwick 1921, p. 71.
^ Chadwick 1921, pp. 72–73.
^ a b c Krause 2010, p. 211.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 985.
^ Clarke 1911, pp. 163f.
^ Kaufmann 1968, p. 147.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 641.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1304–1305.
^ Kaufmann 1968, p. 262.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1133–1134.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 18.
^ a b Anderson 1999, p. 44.
^ Krause 2010, p. 159.
^ Malone 1962, pp. 134f.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 346.
^ Orel 2003, p. 112.
^ de Vries 2000, p. 665.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 137–138.
^ Krause 2010, p. 160.
^ Gentry et al. 2011, p. 96.
^ Krause 2010, p. 163.
^ a b c d Gillespie 1973, p. 22.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 21–22.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 378, 381.
^ Orel 2003, p. 224.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 73.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 23.
^ Malone 1926, pp. 325ff.
^ Malone 1926, p. 323.
^ Benati 2009, p. 5.
^ a b Detter 1891, p. xliv.
^ Finlay 2010, pp. 128, 132.
^ a b c d Gillespie 1973, p. 89.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 88.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1018, 1024.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 598, 599, 1024.
^ a b Orel 2003, p. 126.
^ a b c d Gillespie 1973, p. 90.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 605.
^ a b Förstemann 1900, pp. 571–572.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 396.
^ a b c Jónsson 1932, p. 201.
^ a b Hollander 1928, p. 205.
^ a b Nerman 1919, p. 149.
^ a b Regebro 2009, p. 802.
^ Finlay & Faulkes 2016, p. 21.
^ Finlay & Faulkes 2016, p. 22, note 68.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 91.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 848–849, 855–857.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 1576.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 401.
^ a b de Vries 2000, p. 307.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 207.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 127.
^ de Vries 2000, pp. 363f.
^ Hollander 1928, pp. 255f.
^ a b Krause 2010, p. 174.
^ Hollander 1928, p. 260.
^ Finch 1965, p. 30.
^ Chadwick 1921, pp. 23ff.
^ a b c Gillespie 1973, p. 92.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 91–92.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1111, 1113.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 65.
^ Bosworth & Northcote Toller 1898, p. 664.
^ a b Malone 1933, p. 40.
^ Malone 1933, pp. 8f.
^ a b c Gillespie 1973, p. 93.
^ a b c d e f Malone 1962, p. 182.
^ Simek 1993, p. 211.
^ Jochens 1996, p. 254.
^ a b Harris 2016, p. 245.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1099, 1104.
^ Orel 2003, p. 270.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 798f.
^ Kaufmann 1968, p. 258.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1122–1123.
^ a b c Gentry et al. 2011, p. 105.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 39.
^ Orel 2003, p. 273.
^ Orel 2003, p. 428.
^ a b Osborn 1999, p. 61.
^ Fish Pastoor 2016, p. 18.
^ Clarke 1911, pp. 157f.
^ Clarke 1911, p. 160.
^ Clarke 1911, pp. 161f.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1116, 1118.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 95.
^ a b Malone 1962, pp. 185f.
^ a b Miller 2007, p. 24.
^ a b Miller 2007, p. 10.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 96.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 98–99.
^ a b c Gillespie 1973, p. 97.
^ Byock 1990, p. 104.
^ Byock 1990, pp. 110f.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1157f.
^ Orel 2003, p. 288.
^ Orel 2003, p. 123.
^ a b c d Gillespie 1973, p. 99.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, pp. 70–72.
^ Krause 2010, p. 179.
^ Uecker 1972, p. 80.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 70–71.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 1169.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 32.
^ Krause 2010, p. 201.
^ Jiriczek 1898, p. 174.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 457.
^ Newton 1993, p. 125f.
^ Newton 1993, p. 126.
^ Chadwick 1921, p. 228.
^ Orchard 1997, p. 120.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 1168.
^ Orel 2003, p. 42.
^ Kaufmann 1968, p. 269.
^ a b c d e f Gillespie 1973, p. 100.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 99–100.
^ a b Peterson 2007, p. 239.
^ a b c d e f g Orel 2003, p. 436.
^ Nedoma 1999, pp. 100–101.
^ Orel 2003, p. 290.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1182 1184.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 38.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 63.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 117.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 25.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 185–186, 200.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 104.
^ a b c Gillespie 1973, p. 103.
^ Haymes & Samples 1996, p. 59.
^ Förstemann 1900, p. 1471, 1474.
^ Clarke 1911, p. 158.
^ Peterson 2007, pp. 16f.
^ Peterson 2007, pp. 17, 166.
^ Waggoner 2009, p. 40.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 762.
^ Acker 2007, p. 6.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 19.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 584.
^ Tolkien 1960, p. 67.
^ Peterson 2004, p. 40.
^ Peterson 2004, p. 30.
^ Peterson 2004, p. 27.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 101f.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 145f.
^ Finlay & Faulkes 2016, p. 31, note 80.
^ a b c d Jones 1969, p. 38.
^ Peterson 2007, pp. 170, 172, 173.
^ Peterson 2007, p. 161.
^ Finlay & Faulkes 2016, p. 46.
^ Wessén 1952, p. 77.
^ Tolkien 1960, p. 61.
^ Nerman 1925, p. 224.
^ a b Nerman 1925, p. 225.
^ This is according to Ynglinga saga, but Historia Norwegiæ reports that he ruled Sweden until he died of old age.
^ a b Anderson 1999, pp. 110, 111, 115.
^ a b Peterson 2004, p. 36.
^ Peterson 2004, p. 37.
^ Clarke 1911, pp. 152.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 103f.
^ Miller 2007, pp. 18, 28.
^ Miller 2007, p. 14.
^ Klaeber 2008, p. Ixii.
^ Frank 2002, pp. 104f.
^ Neidorf 2018b, p. 79.
^ Higham 1995, p. 239.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 93f.
^ Nerman 1925, pp. 100f, 143f.
^ de Vries 2000, p. 420.
^ Anderson 2016, p. 467.
^ Orchard 1997, p. 152.
^ Finch 1965, p. 68.
^ Hollander 1928, p. 351.
^ Pritsak 1981, p. 205.
^ Krause 2010, p. 212.
^ Malone 1962, p. 213f.
^ Uecker 1972, p. 76.
^ Lexer 1872–1878, p. II:667.
^ a b Uecker 1972, p. 106.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 101.
^ Gillespie 1973, p. 72.
^ Gillespie 1973, pp. 100–101.
^ a b Gillespie 1973, p. 102.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1179–1181.
^ Förstemann 1900, pp. 1608–1610.
^ Gentry et al. 2011, p. 107.
^ a b Lienert 2015, p. 78.
^ Roggen 2006, p. 188.
^ Noreen 1914, pp. 981f.
^ Kaufmann 1968, p. 36.
^ Heusler 1910, p. 101.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 469.
^ Cleasby & Vigfússon 1874, p. 526.
^ Gentry et al. 2011, p. 108.
^ Peterson 2004, pp. 6, 37.
^ Peterson 2004, p. 6.
^ Neidorf 2018a, p. 858.
^ Kightley 2016, p. 427.
^ Ayres 1917, p. 292.
^ Chambers 1921, p. 252.
^ Haupt 1914, p. 53.
^ Orel 2003, p. 21.
^ Orel 2003, p. 455.
^ Malone 1962, p. 149.
^ Malone 1962, p. 190.

Sources

Acker, Paul (2007). "Part I. "Fragments of Danish History" (Skjöldunga saga)". ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews. 20 (3): 3–9. doi:10.3200/ANQQ.20.3.3-9. S2CID 162198516.
Anderson, Carl Edlund (1999). Formation and Resolution of Ideological Contrast in the Early History of Scandinavia (PDF) (Thesis). University of Cambridge.
Anderson, Carl Edlund (2016). "Scyld Scyldinga: Intercultural Innovation at the Interface of West and North Germanic". Neophilologus. 100 (3): 461–476. doi:10.1007/s11061-015-9468-y. S2CID 162985589.
Ayres, Henry Morgan (1917). "The Tragedy of Hengest in "Beowulf"". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 16 (2): 282–295. JSTOR 27700808.
Bellows, Henry Adams (1923). The Poetic Edda. New York; The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
Benati, Chiara (2009). "Faroese Oral Tradition and the Icelandic Saga: the Case of the Ásmund Cycle". Brathair. 9 (1): 3–21.
Bosworth, J; Northcote Toller, T (1898). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford Clarendon Press.
Bullough, Donald A. (1993). "What has Ingeld to do with Lindisfarne?". Anglo-Saxon England. 22: 93–125. doi:10.1017/S0263675100004336. JSTOR 44510906. S2CID 162750464.
Byock, Jesse (1990). The Saga of the Volsungs, The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23285-3.
Byock, Jesse (1999). The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki. Penguin Classics. ISBN 014043593X.
Stories and Ballads of the Far Past. Translated by Chadwick, Nora Kershaw. Cambridge at the University Press. 1921.
Chambers, Robert W. (1921). Beowulf. Cambridge : The University press.
Clarke, M. G. (1911). Sidelights on Teutonic History During the Migration Period, being Studies of Beowulf and Other Old English Poems. Cambridge University Press.
Cleasby, Richard; Vigfússon, Gudbrand (1874). An Icelandic-English dictionary. Oxford Clarendon Press.
Detter, Ferdinand (1891). Zwei Fornaldarsögur. Halle A.S. Max Niemeyer.
Ellis, Hilda Roderick (1968). "The Road to Hel, a Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature". American Anthropologist. 46 (3). Greenwood Press Publishers, New York: 408–409. doi:10.1525/AA.1944.46.3.02A00210. S2CID 160666598.
The Saga of the Volsungs (PDF). Translated by Finch, R. G. London and Edinburgh: Nelson. 1965.
Finlay, Alison (2010). "The Saga of Ásmundr, Killer of Champions". In Martin, Arnold; Finlay, Alison (eds.). Making History, Essays on the Fornaldarsögur. Viking Society for Northern Research, University College, London. pp. 119–139. ISBN 978-0-903521-84-0.
Heimskringla (PDF). Vol. 1. Translated by Finlay, Alison; Faulkes, Anthony. Viking Society for Northern Research, University College London. 2016. ISBN 978-0-903521-86-4.
Fish Pastoor, Jennifer (2016). "Good to Think With": Women and Exempla in Four Medieval and Renaissance English Texts (Thesis). University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
Förstemann, Ernst (1900). Altdeutsches Namenbuch, Band 1: Personennamen (2 ed.). Bonn: P. Hanstein’s Verlag.
Peters, Edward, ed. (1974). Paul the Deacon: History of the Lombards. Translated by Foulke, William Dudley. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1079-4.
Friis-Jensen, Karsten, ed. (2015). Saxo Grammaticus Gesta Danorum, The History of the Danes. Vol. 1. Translated by Fisher, Peter. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-82052-34.
Frank, R. (2002). "Ongendus". In Müller, R. (ed.). Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Vol. 22. New York/Berlin: de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110173512.
Gentry, Francis G.; McConnell, Winder; Müller, Ulrich; Wunderlich, Werner, eds. (2011) [2002]. The Nibelungen Tradition. An Encyclopedia. New York, Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-8153-1785-2.
Gillespie, George T. (1973). Catalogue of Persons Named in German Heroic Literature, 700-1600: Including Named Animals and Objects and Ethnic Names. Oxford: Oxford University. ISBN 978-0-19-815718-2.
Gschwantler, Otto (1971). "Zum Namen der Rosomonen und an. Jónakr". Die Sprache. 17 (2): 164–176.
Harris, Joseph (2016). "Grottasǫngr". In Pulsiano, Philip; Wolf, Kirsten (eds.). Medieval Scandinavia, an Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge Revivals. pp. 244–245. ISBN 978-1-315-16132-7.
Haupt, Waldemar (1914). Zur niederdeutschen Dietrichsage: Untersuchungen. Mayer und Müller.
Haymes, Edward R.; Samples, Susan T. (1996). Heroic legends of the North: an introduction to the Nibelung and Dietrich cycles. New York: Garland. ISBN 0815300336.
Higham, N.J. (1995). An English Empire: Bede and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719044235.
Heusler, Andreas (1910). "Heldennamen in mehrfacher lautgestalt". Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum. 52 (1/2): 97–107. JSTOR 20652404.
The Poetic Edda. Translated by Hollander, Lee M. Texas University Press. 1928.
Hollander, Lee Milton (1936). Old Norse Poems: The Most Important Non-Skaldic Verse Not Included in the Poetic Edda. Columbia University Press.
Jochens, Jenny (1996). Mazo Karras, Ruth; Peters, Edward (eds.). Old Norse Images of Women. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3358-1.
De Gamle Eddadigte. Translated by Jónsson, Finnur. G. E. C. Gats forlag, København. 1932.
Jiriczek, Otto Luitpold (1898). Deutsche Heldensagen, Band 1. Strasbourg: Karl Trübner. ISBN 9783112176429.
Jones, Gwyn (1969). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press.
Kaufmann, Hennig (1968). Ergänzungsband zu Ernst Förstemann: Personennamen. Wilhelm Fink.
Kightley, Michael R. (2016). "The Brothers of Beowulf : Fraternal Tensions and the Reticent Style". ELH. 83 (2): 407–429. doi:10.1353/elh.2016.0015. S2CID 164186249.
McKinnell, John (2005). Meeting the Other in Norse Myth and Legend. D.S. Brewer, Cambridge. ISBN 1843840421.
Klaeber, Friedrich (2008). Fulk, R.D.; Bjork, Robert E.; Niles, John D. (eds.). Klaeber's Beowulf and The Fight at Finnsburg. University of Toronto Press. pp. 274–277. ISBN 978-0-8020-9843-6.
Krause, Arnulf (2010). Reclams Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie und Heldensage. Reclam. ISBN 978-3-15-010778-2.
Lexer, Matthias (1872–1878). Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch (3 vols.). Hirzel.
Lienert, Elisabeth (2015). Mittelhochdeutsche Heldenepik. Berlin: Erich Schmidt. ISBN 978-3-503-15573-6.
Malone, Kemp (1926). "Agelmund and Lamicho". The American Journal of Philology. 47 (7): 319–346. doi:10.2307/289994. JSTOR 289994.
Malone, Kemp (1930). "Ingeld". Modern Philology. 27 (3): 257–276. doi:10.1086/387833. S2CID 224833211.
Malone, Kemp (1933). Deor. London: Methuen & Co lmt.
Malone, Kemp (1962). Widsith. Copenhagen: Roskilde and Bagger.
Nedoma, Robert (1999). "Die Runeninschrift auf der Gürtelschnalle von Pforzen–ein Zeugnis der germanischen Heldensage". In Bammesberger, Alfred (ed.). Pforzen und Bergakker neue Untersuchungen zu Runeninschriften. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 98–109.
Neidorf, Leonard (2018a). "Beowulf as Pre-National Epic: Ethnocentrism in the Poem and its Criticism". ELH. 85 (4): 847–875. doi:10.1353/elh.2018.0031. S2CID 165792664.
McTurk, Rory W. (2006). "Kings and Kingship in Viking Northumbria" (PDF). In McKinnell, John S.; Ashurst, David; Kick, Donata (eds.). The Fantastic in Old Norse Icelandic Literature, Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference, Durham and York 6th-12th August 2006. Vol. 2. pp. 681–688.
Miller, Clarence H. (2007). "Fragments of Danish History". ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews. 20 (3): 9–33. doi:10.3200/ANQQ.20.3.9-22. S2CID 161363696.
Neidorf, Leonard (2018b). "Wealhtheow and Her Name: Etymology, Characterization, and Textual Criticism". Neophilologus. 102 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1007/s11061-017-9538-4. S2CID 165875310.
Nerman, Birger (1919). "Kung Agne och hans död på Agnefit". Fornvännen.
Nerman, Birger (1925). Svenska rikets uppkomst. Stockholm: Generalstabens litografiska anstalt.
Newton, Sam (1993). The Origins of Beowulf and the Pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780859914727.
Noreen, Adolf (1914). "Sigurd Ring". In Westrin, Th. (ed.). Nordisk Familjebok. Vol. 20 (2 ed.). pp. 981–982.
Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassel. ISBN 0-304-34520-2.
Orel, Vladimir E. (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12875-0.
Osborn, Marijane (1999). ""The Wealth They Left Us": Two Women Author Themselves Through Others' Lives in Beowulf". Philological Quarterly. 78 (1–2): 49–76.
Peterson, Lena (2004). Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn. Uppsala: Institutet för språk och folkminnen.
Peterson, Lena (2007). Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. Uppsala: Institutet för språk och folkminnen.
Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The origin of Rus'. Harvard University Press. pp. 188–225.
Regebro, Margareta (2009). Ney, Agneta; Williams, Henrik; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik (eds.). "The women and Óðinn". Á austrvega, Saga and East Scandinavia. 2. Gävle: Gävle University Press: 802–896. ISBN 978-91-978329-0-8.
Roggen, Vibeke (2006). "Old Norse Saga Versus Neo-Latin History Writing: Some Aspects of the Style in Torfaeus' Historia Rerum Norvegicarum (1711)". Humanistica Lovaniensia, Journal of Neo-Latin Studies. LV: 183–194. ISBN 9789058675712. ISSN 0774-2908.
Simek, Rudolf (1993). Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Hall; Angela. D. S. Brewer. ISBN 0-85991-369-4.
The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise (PDF). Translated by Tolkien, Christopher. 1960.
Uecker, Heiko (1972). Germanische Heldensage. Stuttgart: Metzler. ISBN 3476101061.
de Vries, Jan (1970). Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte, Bd.2, Die Götter, Vorstellungen über den Kosmos, Der Untergang des Heidentums. de Gruyter, Berlin. ISBN 978-3110028072.
de Vries, Jan (1962). Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch (2000 ed.). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05436-7.
The Sagas of Ragnar Lodbrok. Translated by Waggoner, Ben. New Haven: Troth Publications. 2009.
Wessén, Elias (1952). Wessén, Elias; Helgason, Jón; Knudsen, Trygve; Skautrup, Peter (eds.). Ynglingsaga. Svenska bokförlaget Norstedts, Stockholm; Ejnar Munksgaard, København; Dreyers forlag, Oslo.
Westrin, Th. (1910a). "Ivar Benlös". In Westrin, Th. (ed.). Nordisk Familjebok. Vol. 12 (2 ed.). p. 173.
Westrin, Th. (1910b). "Jorund". In Westrin, Th. (ed.). Nordisk Familjebok. Vol. 13 (2 ed.). p. 173.
Westrin, Th. (1910c). "Insten och Utsten". In Westrin, Th. (ed.). Nordisk Familjebok. Vol. 13 (2 ed.). p. 736.